acid-phosphatase and Rheumatic-Diseases

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP; EC 3.1.3.2) is a product of osteoclasts and a biochemical marker of bone resorption rate. However, erythrocytes and platelets contribute to total TRAP activity in serum, reducing the specificity of direct biochemical assays in serum. Osteoclast TRAP is also known as type-5 TRAP and is antigenically unique. Immunoassays are sought to improve the specificity and sensitivity of TRAP as a bone marker.. We developed two colorimetric microplate assays for type-5 TRAP: an enzyme capture immunoassay to measure antibody-bound enzymatic activity, and a two-site immunoassay to measure bound enzyme protein. Both use the same monoclonal antibody (14G6) to capture type-5 TRAP, which permits determination of specific activity of serum TRAP in health and disease.. Both TRAP assays were linear from one-tenth to fivefold the mean value in 18 healthy subjects. In these subjects, the mean (SD) TRAP activity was 3.2 (0.54) U/L for the enzyme capture assay and 37 (13) microg/L for the two-site assay. Mean TRAP activity was not significantly increased in 64 patients with endstage renal disease requiring hemodialysis (HD) or 99 unselected patients with rheumatic diseases. By contrast, TRAP protein was increased in both the HD and rheumatic disease groups. The specific activity of TRAP in the 17 of 64 HD sera that had increased TRAP activity (0.088 U/microg) was similar to that in healthy subjects (0.091 U/microg). By contrast, the specific activity of TRAP in the 31 of 99 rheumatic sera with increased TRAP protein (0.035 U/microg) was significantly decreased.. Wide sample distributions for TRAP activity in HD patients and TRAP protein in rheumatic disease patients suggest the presence of subpopulations of HD patients with increased TRAP activity and of rheumatic patients with increased TRAP protein. Each assay for TRAP activity and protein may have its own biological significance and clinical applications in specific groups of patients.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Antibody Specificity; Bone Resorption; Female; Horseradish Peroxidase; Humans; Immunoassay; Isoenzymes; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Renal Dialysis; Rheumatic Diseases; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

Giant cells are commonly present in inflamed synovium, often in close association with the intimal layer. The nature of these multinucleate cells has been reassessed using new cytochemical and immunochemical techniques.. Cryostat sections of non-inflamed, rheumatoid arthritic and osteoarthritic synovia were analysed for the presence of CD68 and non-specific esterase, markers associated with macrophages; activity of uridine diphosphoglucose dehydrogenase, associated with fibroblast-like synoviocytes; and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase and the vitronectin receptor subunit CD51, associated with osteoclasts.. Giant cells were not seen in non-inflamed tissue. In diseased tissue giant cells in the intimal layer fell into two major groups: CD68 negative or dull cells with high uridine diphosphoglucose dehydrogenase (UDPGD) activity suggestive of true synoviocyte polykaryons; and CD68 positive cells with low UDPGD activity suggestive of macrophage polykaryons. The two groups were seen in samples from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and patients with osteoarthritis (OA), but the former were more prominent in OA and the latter in RA. Most CD68 positive giant cells also showed tartrate resistant acid phosphatase activity and prominent expression of CD51. As such they were histochemically indistinguishable from osteoclasts, but their bone resorbing capacity remains unknown.. Giant cells in arthritic synovium appear to be of two types, one related to true synoviocytes and one to macrophages.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Giant Cells; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Osteoarthritis; Receptors, Cytoadhesin; Receptors, Vitronectin; Rheumatic Diseases; Synovial Membrane; Uridine Diphosphate Glucose Dehydrogenase

We studied the frequencies of red cell enzyme types, AcP, PGM1 and EsD in 213 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatic heart disease (RHD), scleroderma (Scl) and psoriatic arthropathy (PsA). The differences in frequency of AcP phenotypes between RA, Scl, and PsA and the Moscow population were significant. In PsA the PGM1 phenotype 1-1 frequency was significantly decreased, while the phenotype 2-1 frequency was significantly increased.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carboxylesterase; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Erythrocytes; Gene Frequency; Genetic Markers; Humans; Phosphoglucomutase; Rheumatic Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Autoimmune Diseases; Female; Humans; Lymphocyte Activation; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoarthritis; Rheumatic Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Child; Chronic Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Leukocytes; Rheumatic Diseases; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Tonsillitis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Child; Humans; Lymphocytes; Polysaccharide-Lyases; Rheumatic Diseases

Topics: Abdominal Neoplasms; Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Aminosalicylic Acid; B-Lymphocytes; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Mediastinal Neoplasms; Osteomyelitis; Paralysis; Rheumatic Diseases; Sepsis; T-Lymphocytes

After reviewing previous work on the subjects, the authors show that the synovial fluid in subjects with inflammatory rheumatism contained higher levels of lysozyme and of beta-glucuronidase comparable with those of the acid phosphatases and of lacto-dehydrogenase that they were interested in previously.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Glucuronidase; Humans; Knee Joint; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Muramidase; Rheumatic Diseases; Synovial Fluid

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aminosalicylic Acids; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Chondrocalcinosis; Enzymes; Esterases; Exudates and Transudates; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Knee Joint; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Monocytes; Naphthalenes; Osteoarthritis; Osteochondritis; Punctures; Rheumatic Diseases; Synovial Fluid

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Rheumatic Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Arginase; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Glycoside Hydrolases; Gout; Humans; Joint Diseases; Osteoarthritis; Peptide Hydrolases; Rheumatic Diseases; Synovial Fluid; Transaminases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Lysosomes; Male; Middle Aged; Permeability; Rheumatic Diseases; Rheumatic Heart Disease

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Culture Techniques; Glucosamine; Glycoside Hydrolases; Humans; Hydrolases; Lysosomes; Rheumatic Diseases; Sulfatases; Synovial Membrane

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Cathepsins; Gold; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Lysosomes; Rheumatic Diseases; Synovial Fluid; Thiomalates

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Blood Cells; Cathepsins; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Glucuronidase; Humans; Immunodiffusion; Inclusion Bodies; Leukocytes; Phagocytosis; Precipitin Tests; Rheumatic Diseases; Rheumatoid Factor; Synovial Fluid

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Peptide Hydrolases; Rheumatic Diseases; Synovial Membrane