acid-phosphatase and Rectal-Neoplasms

We report on a case of metastatic adenocarcinoma of liver that was removed and examined histochemically after microwave coagulation therapy (MCT). The patient was a 65-year-old woman who had a metastatic tumor in the liver (S3) after high anterior resection due to a rectal adenocarcinoma and received MCT against the tumor. One month after MCT, multiple metastatic tumors were detected by abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan. As it was difficult to control them by MCT alone, we performed lateral segmentectomy. To assess the effects of microwave ablation on cellular viability of metastatic tumor, we used enzyme histochemistry for acid phosphatase (AcP), which is positive in macrophages infiltrating in the tumor. In a part of the ablated area of resected liver, there was remaining neoplastic tissue of which the morphology was maintained in H&E staining. This was found to be microwave-fixed non-viable tissue because no enzyme activity of AcP was detected in the infiltrating macrophages. This case report suggests that enzyme histochemistry was useful to assess the effect of MCT, enabling us to distinguish fixed cells from viable cells.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Electrocoagulation; Female; Frozen Sections; Hepatectomy; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Microwaves; Rectal Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Anus Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Rectal Neoplasms

The immunohistochemical demonstration of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAcP) and/or prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been accepted as being reliable in identifying metastatic adenocarcinoma of prostate origin. However, islet cell tumors, especially hindgut-derived carcinoid tumors, have occasionally been reported to be positive for PAcP. We therefore studied a series of carcinoid tumors of the lung and gastrointestinal tract immunohistochemically for PAcP expression by using two polyclonal antibodies and one monoclonal antibody. Thirty-three carcinoid tumors were examined. All five rectal carcinoids in the series showed convincing PAcP positivity with at least two of the three anti-PAcP antibodies. No significant PAcP positivity was observed in the remaining 28 foregut- and midgut-derived carcinoid tumors, except for weak focal positivity in one lung carcinoid. PSA antibody reacted negatively in all cases. Western blots of an aqueous cell lysate from one rectal carcinoid revealed protein bands in the region of 45-55 kd that immunoreacted with anti-PAcP antibodies, confirming the validity of the immunostains. These results suggest that PAcP positivity is common in rectal carcinoid tumors and that it most likely represents true PAcP expression. This seemingly aberrant protein expression may be explained by the shared cloacal derivation of the rectum and prostate, giving rise to cells with both endocrine and partial prostatic epithelial differentiation.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Antigens, Neoplasm; Blotting, Western; Carcinoid Tumor; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Rectal Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies

In a study of 105 gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors, 67% of the rectal carcinoids and 15% of the carcinoids at other gastrointestinal sites were positive, immunohistochemically, for prostatic acid phosphatase activity. These findings are relevant to the differential diagnosis between rectal carcinoids and prostatic carcinoma.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Carcinoid Tumor; Child; Female; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Middle Aged; Prostate; Rectal Neoplasms; Staining and Labeling

Although prostate-specific acid phosphatase (PASP) has been recognized as a specific marker of tissue of prostatic origin, several investigators have pointed out that some of the carcinoid tumours and islet cell tumours of the pancreas reacted immunohistochemically to PSAP. We investigated 50 cases immunohistochemically comprising 44 carcinoids of the G-I tract, 3 of the bronchus, 1 each of the ovary, kidney and middle ear. PSAP positive cases were, 30 in G-I tract, one each in ovary and kidney. Eighty percent of tumours of hindgut origin were positive. Apart from the immunohistochemical study, the content of PSAP in preoperative serum and tumour tissue was estimated in a case with a rectal carcinoid. Extremely elevated PSAP was confirmed in both the serum and tumour tissue. Neuroendocrine tumours such as pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid carcinoma, and islet cell carcinoma were investigated as controls. No cells immunoreactive to PSAP were observed in these control cases. Prostate specific antigen was definitely negative in carcinoids. We would emphasize that PSAP may be an excellent marker of carcinoids especially when derived from hindgut.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenoma, Islet Cell; Carcinoid Tumor; Female; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Pheochromocytoma; Prostate; Radioimmunoassay; Rectal Neoplasms; Thyroid Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; alpha-Fetoproteins; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Colonic Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Rectal Neoplasms

We have developed a simple in vitro method of evaluating the relative binding properties of anti-tumor antibodies to human tumor and normal tissues. Cryopreserved surgical explants of tissues as 1 mm cubes are incubated in microtiter plate wells containing media and radiolabeled antibody. We show that the accumulation of antibody in tumor tissue is a specific process which may be reduced by preincubation with saturating levels of unlabeled specific antibody. Evaluation of 7 anti-breast and 4 anti-colorectal tumor antibodies against their respective tumor tissues showed good reproducibility of repeat measurements and up to a 100-fold difference in accumulation among different antibodies to the same tissue. Equivalent results were obtained with the same tissues employed fresh and after cryopreservation. Because of the simplicity of the assay, panels of antibodies may be screened against the large numbers of tumor and normal tissues required to identify superior antibodies for human trials.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Neoplasm; Antibody Specificity; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Colon; Colonic Neoplasms; Diffusion; Humans; Liver; Rectal Neoplasms

The clinical application of an immunohistochemical technique for prostatic acid phosphatase allowed the accurate diagnosis of metastatic prostatic carcinoma in 17 patients whose condition was not recognized by either clinical or histologic observations. The cardinal manifestations in these 17 patients included supraclavicular lymphadenopathy in 7, hilar lymphadenopathy in 1, pulmonary infiltration in 2, simulating carcinoma of the rectum in 4, fracture of femur in 1, orbital tumor in 1, and brain tumor in 1. A retrospective analysis of the radiologic features of these patients showed that the unusual manifestations were due to the route of metastasis, that is, direct invasion, lymphatic, and hematogenous. Radiologic studies, even in these unusual cases, are both useful in establishing the diagnosis and helpful in delineating the mode of metastasis of prostatic carcinoma.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Bone Neoplasms; Brain Neoplasms; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Middle Aged; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms; Prostatic Neoplasms; Rectal Neoplasms; Retroperitoneal Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Twenty prostatic adenocarcinomas, 20 transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder, and 20 colorectal adenocarcinomas were stained for epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, and prostatic acid phosphatase. Polyclonal affinity purified first and second antibodies and an indirect immunoperoxidase technique were used. All of the colorectal and bladder tumours and 16/20 prostatic tumours were positive for epithelial membrane antigen. All 20 colorectal, 7/20 bladder, and 5/20 prostatic tumours stained for carcinoembryonic antigen. All of the prostatic adenocarcinomas and none of the colorectal or bladder tumours were positive for prostatic acid phosphatase. These markers may be used to discriminate between tumours arising from these sites.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antigens, Surface; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Colonic Neoplasms; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Isoenzymes; Male; Membrane Proteins; Mucin-1; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Rectal Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

In 22 patients with alimentary tract carcinoma granulocyte acid phosphatase activity was determined using the histochemical method of Suzuki. Enzyme activity was determined in peripheral blood 3 times, viz. before surgical intervention, in blood from a vessel draining the tumour before its excision, and in peripheral blood 2-3 weeks after excision of the tumour. In parallel tests, enzyme activity was established in peripheral blood of 22 healthy individuals. The results showed that acid phosphatase activity of granulocytes is lower than in the controls, especially in granulocytes collected from the vessel draining the tumour. The lower acid phosphatase activity in granulocytes from patients with carcinoma was mainly due to the lower percentage of positive cells. After removal of the tumour acid phosphatase activity of the granulocytes increased in the majority of cases. It is assumed that an enhanced exocytosis of lysosomal enzymes in the course of tumour disease was responsible for the decrease of activity in the granulocytes.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Humans; Neutrophils; Rectal Neoplasms; Stomach Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Esterases; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Rectal Neoplasms

Activities of sulphatases A/B, sulphatase C, beta glucuronidase, acid and alkaline phosphatase were measured in 38 cases of colorectal cancer. A wide variation in the levels of individual enzymes was observed, suggesting that certain patients might benefit from therapy with tailor made enzyme activated anti-tumour agent. The activity of sulphatase C was correlated with the other lour, but the enzyme profile could not predict the evofution of the disease.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Arylsulfatases; Colonic Neoplasms; Glucuronidase; Humans; Hydrolases; Rectal Neoplasms

A case of rectal carcinoid tumor with liver metastases is reported in which a markedly elevated serum acid phosphatase level was found. Tissue assays of the patient's tumor, liver metastasis, and uninvolved liver were performed which demonstrated very high tumor levels of acid phosphatase. The patient also had elevated plasma serotonin levels and urinary 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid levels and did not exhibit the carcinoid syndrome. Autopsy showed no prostate cancer or metastatic bone lesions. Serum acid phosphatase elevation may occur with carcinoid lesions of the rectum.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carcinoid Tumor; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Rectal Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Breast; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Differentiation; Colon; Colonic Neoplasms; Epithelium; Esterases; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hydrolases; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Male; Middle Aged; Naphthaleneacetic Acids; Nucleotidases; Rectal Neoplasms; Rectum

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Esterases; Humans; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Rectal Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Breast Neoplasms; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Diagnosis, Differential; Esophageal Neoplasms; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukocytes; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Rectal Neoplasms; Stomach Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Biopsy; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Methods; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prostatic Neoplasms; Rectal Neoplasms; Urography

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Bronchial Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Esterases; Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukocytes; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Melanoma; Neoplasms; Peroxidases; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Rectal Neoplasms; Sarcoma; Staining and Labeling; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Testicular Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bilirubin; Colonic Neoplasms; Esophageal Neoplasms; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Leukemia, Myeloid; Liver Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Male; Neoplasms; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phosphatidylinositols; Phospholipids; Prostatic Neoplasms; Rectal Neoplasms; Sphingolipids; Stomach Neoplasms; Thyroid Neoplasms; Triglycerides; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Biopsy; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prostatic Neoplasms; Rectal Neoplasms

Topics: Abscess; Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Eosinophilia; Esterases; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidoreductases; Pelvic Neoplasms; Proctitis; Prospective Studies; Radiotherapy; Radiotherapy Dosage; Rectal Neoplasms; Rectum; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Kidney Injury; Animals; Bicarbonates; Cellulose; Chlorides; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Cystadenoma; Dehydration; Electrophoresis; Female; Glycoproteins; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hypotension; Middle Aged; Mucoproteins; Potassium; Potassium Isotopes; Rectal Neoplasms; Sodium; Sodium Isotopes; Tritium; Water-Electrolyte Balance