acid-phosphatase and Pulmonary-Fibrosis

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TrACP) is abundant in alveolar macrophages, suggesting that these cells might contribute to the activity of this isoenzyme in sera of patients with conditions characterized by activation of alveolar macrophages. TrACP was therefore measured in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and compared with values in controls. Since osteoclasts are known to be the main source of TrACP in serum several indices of bone-turnover were also measured: serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and urine hydroxyproline:creatinine ratios. Patients with Paget's disease of bone constituted a reference group presenting increased bone turnover. TrACP was not significantly higher in the lung-disease groups than in controls, although there was a strong positive correlation with angiotensin-converting enzyme in pulmonary sarcoidosis. As expected, TrACP activity was elevated together with the other indices of bone turnover in Paget's disease. It is unlikely that TrACP from alveolar macrophages contributes significantly to serum acid phosphatase activity in lung disease.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Isoenzymes; Lung Diseases; Macrophage Activation; Male; Middle Aged; Osteitis Deformans; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Sarcoidosis; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Tartrates

The pulmonary alveolar macrophage (PAM) is central to lung cellular defenses and is a potential participant in lung injury, but little is known about the influence of the nature and anatomic pattern of acute lung injury on PAM function. To assess the relationship between ongoing pulmonary inflammation and PAM function, we evaluated PAM phagocytic kinetics in a model system of experimental interstitial adjuvant pneumonitis (EIAP) in calves. PAMs were obtained from lung one and seven days postinduction (dpi) of EIAP. Lesions were typical of EIAP, characterized by acute multifocal to coalescing exudative interstitial pneumonitis at 1 dpi, which progressed to granulomatous interstitial pneumonitis by 7 dpi. The total recoverable lung cells and percentage of neutrophils (PMNs) were elevated (P less than 0.01) from animals with EIAP at both 1 and 7 dpi, and there was a four-fold increase (P less than 0.01) in the PAM yield by 7 dpi. Linear regression equations revealed that a larger proportion of control PAMs were phagocytic than were PAMs from animals with EIAP. The mean initial phagocytic rates of PAM following acute lung injury were significantly elevated (P less than 0.05) over controls; this difference was concentration dependent and required a phagocytic bead stimulus concentration in excess of 12.5 x 10(6) beads/ml. PAMs from animals with EIAP had a greater maximum rate of phagocytosis (Vmax) and Km than control PAMs. PAMs from animals with EIAP had a slightly higher proportion of cells which phagocytosed multiple beads. Levels of beta-glucuronidase were elevated (P less than 0.02) in PAM from animals with EIAP at 7 dpi. The results document enhanced PAM phagocytic function in EIAP and differ from our previous experiments in which depressed PAM phagocytic indices were obtained in a model of virus-induced acute bronchiolitis and alveolitis. The functional activities of the PAMs thus appear to be modified by injury-specific events in the lung microenvironment which may, in part, reflect the nature and anatomic pattern of developing pulmonary inflammatory reactions.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Cattle; Glucuronidase; Macrophages; Phagocytosis; Pulmonary Alveoli; Pulmonary Fibrosis

The purpose of this study was to quantitate biochemically and to localize histochemically the proteases cathepsin B (Cath B), dipeptidyl peptidase I (DPP I), and dipeptidyl peptidase II (DPP II) in experimental pulmonary granulomatosis and fibrosis. These were compared to the prototypical lysosomal hydrolase acid phosphatase (AP). Granulomatosis was induced by the intravenous injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA, 0.2 ml) and fibrosis was induced by the intratracheal instillation of bleomycin sulfate (1 unit) in rats (Wistar, 200 g). Total Cath B, DPP I, and AP activities were markedly elevated over control values five days following both treatments when expressed as activity per lung or as specific activity per milligram protein or milligram DNA. By 14 and 28 days, total activity was elevated for all three enzymes, and activity per milligram DNA remained elevated for Cath B following both treatments and for DPP I 28 days following CFA treatment. Total lung activity of DPP II was significantly elevated at 28 days for both treatments. Histochemical staining indicated that these changes are due, in part, to the influx of inflammatory monocytes and their maturation to macrophages. This study provides a basis for examining the role of these proteases in connective tissue matrix injury during inflammatory processes in the lungs.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Bleomycin; Cathepsin B; Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases; Granuloma; Histocytochemistry; Inflammation; Lung Diseases; Male; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Rats; Time Factors

The purpose of this study was to analyze the cellular and noncellular components of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) at varying times during the development of pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin. Hamsters were killed and lavaged in situ following the administration of a single intratracheal injection of 1 unit of bleomycin or an equivalent volume of sterile isotonic saline. The results show that the total cell counts in the BALF of bleomycin-treated hamsters, as compared with controls, were increased 7.7, 4.4, 2.4, 1.6, and 1.9-fold at 2, 4, 7, 14, and 21 days after treatment, respectively. The predominant cell types in the BALF of control animals were macrophages which constituted 84% of the total cells, followed by lymphocytes, 11%. The predominant cell types in the BALF of bleomycin-treated animals were polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) which constituted 65% at two days and approximately 50% of the total at 4, 7, and 14 days; at 21 days macrophages were the predominant cell type constituting 50%, followed by lymphocytes at 30%. However, the total number of lymphocytes was not increased at 21 days compared to previous times. The noncellular protein content of BALF from bleomycin-treated hamsters, an index of pulmonary vascular permeability, was increased to 224, 559, 637, and 270% of control (2.7 mg/lung) at 2, 4, 7, and 14 days after treatment, respectively, and returned to control levels at 21 days. The acid phosphatase activity in the supernatant of BALF of bleomycin-treated animals was significantly increased to 181, 181, 199, 176, and 125% of control (258 units/lung) at 2, 4, 7, 14, and 21 days, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Bleomycin; Cricetinae; Glucuronidase; Histamine; Leukocyte Count; Lymphocytes; Macrophages; Male; Mesocricetus; Neutrophils; Prostaglandins E; Proteins; Pulmonary Alveoli; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Therapeutic Irrigation

Cytospin preparations of mononuclear inflammatory cells were made from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from 15 patients with interstitial lung disease (nine patients with sarcoidosis and six patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis) and six control subjects. These preparations were examined with a panel of monoclonal antibodies that have been shown to distinguish subpopulations of macrophage like cells in normal tissues. The lysosomal acid phosphatase activity of the cells was also assessed. Phenotypically distinct subpopulations of alveolar macrophages were identified in all samples studied. The results showed that all cell populations identified in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from the groups with interstitial lung disease could be identified in the lavage fluid from normal volunteers. Some quantitative differences in the proportions of cells identified with particular reagents emerged. In each of the groups with interstitial lung disease increased proportions of cells were identified with RFD1 (interdigitating cell marker; p less than 0.01) and in the cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis group an increased proportion of alveolar macrophages was identified with RFD7 (tissue macrophage marker; p less than 0.05). The possibility that quantitative changes in alveolar macrophage subsets observed in the interstitial lung disease groups are relevant to the pathogenesis of these conditions is discussed.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Female; HLA-DR Antigens; Humans; Lung Diseases; Macrophages; Male; Middle Aged; Phenotype; Pulmonary Alveoli; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Sarcoidosis

Interstitial pneumonia (IP) is a frequent and serious complication of bone marrow transplantation with a median time of onset about 2 months posttransplant. Most cases result either from toxicity of radiation and chemotherapy or from infection with pathogens such as cytomegalovirus. Described are two patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) who presented with late-onset IP 242 and 632 days posttransplant. Histologic examination of lung biopsy specimens disclosed a lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP) in both cases. The major lymphocyte subset found in bronchoalveolar lavages and lung tissue was OKT8(+) and showed a positive dot staining for acid phosphatase. Contrary to peripheral blood mononuclear cells, most OKT8(+) lymphocytes in the lungs were OKT3(-). Since acute GVHD lesions are mediated mainly by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, our data suggest that LIP in marrow-grafted patients may be a manifestation of chronic GVHD. It should be distinguished from the more common types of IP encountered following bone marrow transplantation.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Biopsy; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Graft vs Host Disease; Humans; Lung; Male; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Respiratory Function Tests; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Bronchitis; Cathepsin D; Endopeptidases; Humans; Lysosomes; Macrophages; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Pulmonary Alveoli; Pulmonary Fibrosis

The authors induced pulmonary silicosis in albino rats by the intratracheal method with 50 mg mixed middling slime from Panaguiriste and quartz dust, dissolved in I ml physiological solution. The animals received a single treatment and were killed on 90th day of the experiment. Some intime characteristics of collagen-forming mechanisms in lungs were followed up via routine histological, histochemical, enzymohistochemical/ acid phosphatase activity, beta-glucoronidase, AS-esterase and lipase/ and autoradiographic/H3 labelled proline/ methods. It was established, that under the effect of both dusts from Panaguiriste mines studied/ mixed dust and pure quartz dust/ considerable deviations developed in the structure of the lungs of the experimental animals in the enzyme activity of acid phosphatase and carbon esterase, accompanied by various forms of fibrosis in the organ, depending on the dust applied. The difference in the composition of both dusts quartz and mixed dust slime - had an effect on the degree of the deviations, but not on their character, manifested in: I. specific protective reaction of organism, with activation of the ferments from the group of carbon esterase in macrophagic elements of interstitium and around the silicotic alterations in the lungs of the experimental animals; 2. inhibition of the maturation of macrophages in silicotic foci and 3. acceleration of the proliferation of fibroblasts with intensification of collagen-formation, accompanied by an enhanced activity of the ferments from the group of carbon esterase and in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts. The authors draw the conclusion that the complex use of routine histological, histochemical and quantitative isotope methods enables the more significant determination of fibrinogenicity of quartz-containing dust even at the early terms of their exposure under experimental conditions.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Copper; Dust; Esterases; Female; Histocytochemistry; Mining; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Quartz; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Silicon Dioxide; Silicosis

The results of cytological examinations of sputum in 100 patients with chronic bronchitis in the period of exacerbration of the disease and in 70 patients with limited chronic inflammatory process in the lung clinically interpreted either as chronic pneumonia or pneumosclerosis are compared. Considerable accumulations of round-cell elements of inflammatory infiltrate with predominance of monocytes as well as predominant exfoliation of transitory bronchial epithelium and not ciliated epithelium were most frequently found in the group of patients with limited chronic inflammatory process in the lung. Fragments of atypical bronchial epithelium simulating cancer elements were found mostly in patients with chronic bronchitis showing marked an asthmatic component. In the course of exacerbation of chronic asthmatic bronchitis accompanied by positive clinical dynamics, there was an increase in the size of alveolar macrophages in the sputum and increase in the content of hydrolytic enzymes, acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase, in them.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Esterases; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pneumonia; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Sputum

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Electron Transport Complex IV; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Peroxidase; Phagocytosis; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal; Pulmonary Fibrosis

An interstitial cell reaction was produced in guinea pigs by repeated doses of complete Freund's adjuvant. The resulting changes were investigated with enzymehistochemical and immunopathological methods. Histologically there were diffuse or focal interstitial infiltrations of histiocytes, lymphocytes, plasma cells, polymorphonuclear leucocytes and some eosinophils. Enzymehistochemically a strong activity of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase is found in an increased number of alveolar macrophages, in contrast to the poor enzyme content of the interstitial cell infiltrations. Only some granulomas with starting fibrosis, visible after 6 weeks, exhibit an activity of leucine aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase. Immunopathologically, with the aid of anti-guinea pig-globulin, no immunoglobulins could be detected in the lungs of all animals.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Female; Freund's Adjuvant; Glucuronidase; Guinea Pigs; Immunoglobulins; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Lung; Macrophages; Pulmonary Fibrosis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Air Pollutants; Air Pollutants, Occupational; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase; Dust; Fibroblasts; Histocytochemistry; Macrophages; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Rats

The right lungs of Sprague-Dauley rats were irradiated with single doses of 1000 r, 2000 r or 3000 r to induce radiation pneumonitis and diffuse fibrosis, and the alkaline and acid phosphatase (A1-Pase, Ac-Pase) activities of the lungs were observed histochemically. Only the lungs irradiated with 3000 r steadily exhibited sequential changes leading to radiation pneumonitis and subsequent diffuse fibrosis, whereas the lungs irradiated with 2000 r developed only some degree of radiation pneumonitis. Alveolar capillary endothelia in the lesion of pulmonary fibrosis exhibited an intense activity of A1-Pase, while the endothelia in all the other experimental conditions did not show this activity. Alveolar macrophages increased their sizes and the activity of Ac-Pase after the irradiation. In the later stages, large foamy macrophages with thin diffuse deposits of the reaction products became predominant. These macrophages never exhibited A1-Pase activity. Type II alveolar epithelial cells showed an intense A1-Pase activity on their microvilli, and their Ac-Pase activity was negligible in non-irradiated lungs. Bizarre cells, appearing at the stage of radiation pneumonitis, showed an intense A1-Pase activity on their cell membranes and a weak and diffuse Ac-Pase activity in their cytoplasms. Septal cells achieved the A1-Pase activity 3 or 4 weeks after the irradiation when mast cells were not yet seen in the alveolar septa.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Macrophages; Male; Pulmonary Alveoli; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Radiation Injuries, Experimental; Rats

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Glucuronidase; Indoles; Iprindole; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphatic Diseases; Macrophages; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Phagocytosis; Pulmonary Alveoli; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Rats; Thorium Dioxide

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Histocytochemistry; Lead; Lung; Microscopy, Electron; Phosphotungstic Acid; Pneumonia; Pulmonary Alveoli; Pulmonary Emphysema; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Radiation Effects; Rats

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Histocytochemistry; Lung; Lung Diseases; Lung Injury; Phospholipids; Pulmonary Emphysema; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Radiation Injuries, Experimental; Rats

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Glycine; Histocytochemistry; Lung; Lung Diseases; Microscopy, Electron; Pulmonary Emphysema; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Radiation Injuries, Experimental; Rats; Tritium