acid-phosphatase and Protein-Energy-Malnutrition

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Bone Development; Calcitonin; Calcium; DNA; Female; Lactation; Male; Mandible; Pregnancy; Protein-Energy Malnutrition; Rats; RNA; Sex Factors

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antibody Formation; Calcium; Child; Deficiency Diseases; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Humans; Immunity; Immunity, Cellular; Infections; Iron; Leukocytes; Lysosomes; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Nutrition Disorders; Peroxidases; Phagocytosis; Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase; Protein-Energy Malnutrition

The effects of protein and/or energy deficiency on long bone growth were studied using rats of an average weight 100g. Four groups of Wistar rats were respectively fed on a normal diet, a low-energy diet, a low protein-diet, and a low-protein and low-energy diet for 45 days. Both energy and protein deficiency restricted gains of body weight and femur length and the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the tibia to the same extent. The epiphyseal growth plates of the femur in protein-deficient rats were as thin as those in energy-deficient rats. On the other hand, femur width and activity of acid phosphatase in the tibia were lower in protein-deficient animals than those in energy-deficient ones. Serum calcium concentrations and calcium content of bone were the same among all groups.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Bone and Bones; Epiphyses; Male; Osteogenesis; Protein-Energy Malnutrition; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains

The effects of prenatal malnutrition on the growth of incisor and molar tooth germs and tongue were investigated in newborn rats. Compared with the results on the young of well-nourished mothers, the young of the malnourished animals had fewer and smaller cells in the molar tooth germs and fewer cells in incisor tooth germs. The tongue of the malnourished animals had fewer but larger cells. 45Ca uptake studies and alkaline and acid phosphatase activities suggested that prenatal malnutrition affected incisor and molar tooth germs in different ways. Alkaline phosphatase activity in the tongue did not differ between dietary groups. The results indicate that an adequate protein intake is extremely important for the healthy development of the teeth and tongue of the offspring.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Calcium; Female; Incisor; Molar; Placental Insufficiency; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Protein-Energy Malnutrition; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tongue; Tooth Germ

The activities of several lysosomal hydrolases including beta-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase and hexosaminidase were compared in serum from 19 well-nourished subjects and 13 children (age 5--24 months) who were suffering from marasmus. The marasmic children exhibited growth retardation and muscle wastage but had normal serum protein values and absence of psychomotor retardation or oedema. Significant changes were observed in serum beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase activities. Compared to the control group, serum beta-glucuronidase (determined at pH 4.5 using the fluorogenic substrate, 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide) was 2.3-fold higher (p less than 0.001) in the marasmic children. In contrast, serum acid phosphatase values were approximately 50% lower (p less than 0.01) in the marasmic population. Serum hexosaminidase values in the two groups under study were not significantly different. Determination of the beta-glucuronidase to acid phosphatase ratio permitted effective discrimination (p less than 0.001) of serum from normal and protein-calorie malnourished children. The finding that the elevated value of the beta-glucuronidase : acid phosphatase ratio (0.64--1.37) decreased to within the normal range of values (0.10--0.43) after nutritional rehabilitation of several marasmic cases indicates that the determination of serum lysosomal hydrolases using fluorogenic substrates might provide a rapid and sensitive quantitative method for objectively evaluating the status of protein-calorie malnourished children and their responsiveness to nutritional therapy.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Glucuronidase; Hexosaminidases; Humans; Infant; Lysosomes; Protein-Energy Malnutrition

The activities of alkaline and acid phosphatases, the linear dimensions and volumes of mandibles and long bones, and the level of calcitonin in serum of rat pups suckled on dams fed 25 or 6% protein diets were determined. In both mandibles and long bones, alkaline phosphatase activity corresponded to the calcification pattern, and acid phosphatase activity paralleled organic matrix formation. The calcitonin level in blood serum of the malnourished pups differed from that of controls only on day 5. The linear dimensions and volume were consistently more affected in long bones than in mandibles. These results may be explained in terms of the critical growth periods of these bones. In the mandible, the critical growth period appears to occur prenatally, whereas in the long bone it occurs postnatally, when the nutritional stress of this experiment was applied. Long bones were thus generally more affected than mandibles.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aging; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Bone and Bones; Bone Development; Calcitonin; Female; Male; Mandible; Protein-Energy Malnutrition; Rats

1. Enzymes pertinent to bactericidal activities of leucocytes were assayed in children suffering from protein-calorie malnutrition. 2. Leucocytes obtained from malnourished and control children contained similar activities for glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. Granule-bound NADPH oxidase activity was low in leucocytes isolated from malnourished patients and failed to show the phagocytic stimulation which is normally seen in control leucocytes. Further, leucocytes obtained from malnourished patients did not release the acid phosphatase from lysosomes during phagocytosis, unlike those from controls. 3. Treatment of the malnourishment with a diet high in calories and protein resulted in significant increase in the activities of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and NADPH oxidase and in releasing the acid phosphatase from the lysosomes into the supernatant fraction during phagocytosis. 4. The significance of these enzyme changes are discussed in relation to the increased susceptibility of these patients to infection.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Blood Bactericidal Activity; Child; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Humans; Leukocytes; NADP; Nutrition Disorders; Oxidoreductases; Phagocytosis; Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase; Protein-Energy Malnutrition