acid-phosphatase and Pregnancy--Prolonged

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aging; Alkaline Phosphatase; Female; Humans; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Microscopy, Electron; Models, Biological; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Prolonged; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, Transferrin; Trophoblasts

The subcellular localisation of acid and alkaline phosphatase has been studied in the trophoblast of placentae from both normal and complicated pregnancies. In placentae from uncomplicated pregnancies the number of trophoblastic acid-phosphatase-containing organelles decreases progressively as gestation proceeds whilst alkaline-phosphatase activity, although abundant at term, could not be demonstrated during the early stages of pregnancy. The acid-phosphatase-containing organelles are of two types; one is a small round body which is probably a lysosome whilst the other is a multivesicular body. The alkaline phosphatase is distributed mainly on the syncytial microvilli and plasma-membrane. It is suggested that the marked lysosomal activity during early pregnancy is related to the architectural refashioning of the placenta during this period and that there are two phosphatase-linked transfer systems in the trophoblast, one dependent upon acid-phosphatase-containing multivesicular bodies and being utilised during early pregnancy and the other reliant upon alkaline phosphatase and dominating during the second half of gestation. In placentae from prolonged pregnancies there is a further decrease in trophoblastic acid phosphatase and, usually, a continuing increase in alkaline-phosphatase activity. In placentae from babies of low birth weight this trend is sometimes reversed and alkaline-phosphatase activity either disappears or its reaction product diffuses throughout the syncytium; this is usually accompanied by a marked increase in the number of acid-phosphatase-containing multivesicular bodies. Placentae from women with pre-eclampsia show no loss of alkaline-phosphatase activity but are characterised by an increased number of lysosomal bodies.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Birth Weight; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Placenta; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy, Prolonged; Trophoblasts

There are several reports on the weak contractile activity of uterus in the prolonged pregnancy. Some investigations showed that the weak contractile activity is associated with the low contents of RNA, proteins and glycogen in the myometrial cell. The material was obtained from caesarean sections in 27 patients with prolonged pregnancy and 30 patients with normal pregnancy. It was found a diminished contents of glycogen and lipids in the myometrial cell, and a decreased activity of phosphorylase and alkaline phosphatase but an increased activity of acid phosphatase. The lower content of energetic material and changes in the activity of the enzymes shows that the metabolism of the myometrial cell is impaired in prolonged pregnancy. One can suppose that the lowered level of estrogens is responsible for the described changes. The lower level of estrogens probably causes the decrease of 3'5' AMP in the myometrial cell with the impaired cell metabolism as a consequence. This may be one of the causes of a weak uterine contractile activity in the prolonged pregnancy.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Female; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Myometrium; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Prolonged; Proteins; RNA; Uterus

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Esterases; Extraembryonic Membranes; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Prolonged

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Blood Group Incompatibility; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Myocardial Infarction; Placenta; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular; Pregnancy, Prolonged; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Prolonged

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Oxidoreductases; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Prolonged; Succinate Dehydrogenase