acid-phosphatase and Pneumoconiosis

The dust generated during weaving (carpet dust) tibbati, knotted and tuffted carpets in carpet industry was studied for its toxicity in vitro and in vivo. Carpet dust (0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/1 x 10(6) cells) caused in vitro cytotoxicity in rat alveolar macrophages (AM) in a concentration-dependent manner. The cytotoxic, inflammatory and oxidative responses were observed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of rats at 1, 4, 8 and 16 days after exposure. Rats were intratracheally exposed at 5 mg/rat individually to all three types of carpet dust. All types of carpet dusts produced increased AM, lymphocytes (PMN) population in BALF suggesting their inflammatory reactions. Cytotoxic nature of carpet dust was shown by the increased activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and acid phosphatase (AP) in BALF. Increased AM population and in vitro cytotoxicity due to carpet dusts have shown some correlation with the levels of LDH and AP activities in BALF. The gradual enhanced profile of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) along with depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) in AM due to these carpet dusts are suggestive of their oxidant nature. The enzyme activities of both glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) in AM were marginally reduced in exposed rats. In conclusion, the data suggest the cytotoxic, inflammatory and oxidant nature of carpet dusts. It is extrapolated that health effects on carpet weavers would be associated with the concentration and nature of airborne dust generated during weaving of carpets.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dust; Intubation, Intratracheal; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lung; Macrophages, Alveolar; Male; Pneumoconiosis; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Textiles

The purpose of this study was to assess the bioavailability and pulmonary toxicity of ZnCdS in rats. Groups of 30 male Fischer 344 rats each were anesthetized and dosed via intratracheal instillation with 5 mg of either ZnCdS, quartz (positive control), or titanium dioxide (TiO(2), negative control) suspended in 0.5 ml saline. A vehicle control group received 0.5 ml saline. Ten animals from each test group were sacrificed at 1 day, 1 wk, and 14 wk after dosing for bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) analysis and histopathology. The BALF was analyzed for alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), beta-glucuronidase (beta-glu), total protein, and cell counts. Two separate groups of 24 rats each were dosed as already described with either ZnCdS or saline. Eight rats from each group were sacrificed at 1 day, 1 wk, and 14 wk after dosing for determination of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) concentrations in the lung, liver, kidney, and blood. Results indicate that at 1 day after dosing, all enzyme activities (except acid phosphatase) and cell counts in BALF from the quartz and ZnCdS groups were significantly higher than in the TiO(2) and saline groups. At 7 days after dosing, high enzyme activity persisted in the quartz group, while the ZnCdS group showed only LDH and total protein levels significantly higher than the saline group. At 14 wk after dosing, LDH, total protein, beta-glu, and cell counts in the quartz group were significantly higher than all other groups. Histologic examination revealed interstitial inflammation and accumulation of foreign material in the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes of quartz-, TiO(2)-, and ZnCdS-treated rats. Metal analyses in tissues showed profuse Cd and Zn concentrations in the lung 1 day after dosing, followed by a successive decline at 7 days and 14 wk after dosing. A very small, but statistically significant, amount of Cd and Zn was found in the kidneys at 14 wk after dosing. In conclusion, ZnCdS appears to cause temporary lung inflammation, is cleared slowly, and is poorly bioavailable.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Biological Availability; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Cadmium; Cell Count; Feasibility Studies; Glucuronidase; Intubation, Intratracheal; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lung; Pneumoconiosis; Quartz; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Sulfides; Titanium; Trachea; Zinc

There was examined pulmonary tissue of white rats, which had been administered intratrachealy a single dose of the respirable fraction of ashes sample from 6 different power stations elektrohasting plants and hasting plants in Poland (0.2 ml suspension; 50 mg of the examined sample in 0.6 cm3 of NaCl solution). 9 months after the application of the ashes, biopsies of the left lung were taken and there was determined the activity of acid phosphatase (AcP) and adenosinetriphosphatase (ATP-ase) histoenzymatically. There was found sensitivity of these hydrolases and changes of their activity connected with chemical composition of the examined ashes.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Air Pollutants, Occupational; Animals; Dust; Female; Fires; Lung; Pneumoconiosis; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains

Six endotracheal applications of 15 milligrams of cadmium sulfide (CdS) given to rats at weekly intervals induce pneumoconiosis with massive adhesions. The same quantities of lead sulfide (PbS) given under the same conditions have much less effect, causing only the formation of fairly small fibrous nodules. The tissue reactions to CdS and PbS were studied morphologically (light and electron microscope) and enzyme-histochemically. The results were compared with those observed in experimental anthracosilicosis in rats and with those seen in allergic-hyperergic reactions of the lung in guinea pigs (induced by several applications of the complete Freund adjuvans). A considerable increase in macrophages in the alveoli and interstices of the lungs with increased activity of acid phosphatase and oxydoreductases had occurred in every animal. None showed primary damage to type 2 pneumocytes. The results indicate that the two toxic agents differ in their capacity to induce fibrosis not because they interfere to a different degree with the clearing function of the lung or surfactant production, but because they differ in their capacity to stimulate fibroblast formation.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Anthracosilicosis; Cadmium; Enzyme Activation; Fibroblasts; Freund's Adjuvant; Lead; Lung; Oxidoreductases; Pneumoconiosis; Rats

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Animals; Female; Glucuronidase; Lung; Lysosomes; Pneumoconiosis; Polyvinyl Chloride; Polyvinyls; Rats; Ribonucleases; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Beryllium; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Neutrophils; Pneumoconiosis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Humans; Neutrophils; Occupational Diseases; Pneumoconiosis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Beryllium; DNA; Glycosaminoglycans; Hemosiderin; Histocytochemistry; Iron; Lung; Methods; Mucoproteins; Occupational Medicine; Pneumoconiosis; Rats; RNA