acid-phosphatase and Periodontal-Diseases

Biomarkers of periodontal disease activity may be obtained from potential proteolytic and hydrolytic enzymes of inflammatory cell origin. Studies that have sought to correlate these enzymes with periodontal disease activity are reviewed with special consideration given to collagenases, cysteine, aspartate and serine proteinases, beta-glucuronidase, arylsulphate, alkaline and acid phosphatases, myeloperoxidase, lysozyme and lactoferrin.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Arylsulfatases; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases; Biomarkers; Collagenases; Cysteine Endopeptidases; Glucuronidase; Humans; Hydrolases; Lactoferrin; Muramidase; Peptide Hydrolases; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis; Peroxidase; Serine Endopeptidases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Antigens, Bacterial; Dental Plaque; Gingiva; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Hypersensitivity, Immediate; Immunoglobulins; Inflammation; Lymphocytes; Periodontal Diseases; Streptococcus mutans; Sucrose

The authors determined the activity of the unspecific acid phosphatase in dental papillae excised from healthy subjects and individuals afflicted with periodontitis before and after the action of Elmex fluid. Clinically and histologically, the authors observed a regression of the inflammation. The possible causes are discussed. The total activity of acid phosphatase in the interdental papilla showed no significant changes, but the various tissue layers behaved differently. No permanent lesion will result from the wetting of the papillary and marginal gingiva which occurs during topical application of Elmex fluid to the surfaces of teeth.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Fluorides, Topical; Gingiva; Humans; Periodontal Diseases

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of tooth-supporting tissue leading to bone destruction and tooth loss. Periodontitis affects almost 50% of adults greater than 30 years of age.. This study evaluated the association between biomarkers linked to bone formation and resorption with the occurrence and progression of periodontal disease in older men (≥ 65 y).. The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study is a prospective, observational study among men 65 years of age and older.. This ancillary study, Oral and Skeletal Bone Loss in Older Men, was conducted at two of the six MrOS study sites (Birmingham, AL and Portland, OR).. Patients underwent medical and dental evaluation. Diagnoses of periodontitis were based on clinical attachment loss, pocket depth, calculus, plaque, and bleeding on a random half-mouth. Bone metabolism biomarkers included serum levels of calcium, phosphate (Pi), alkaline phosphatase, albumin, carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks (CTX), N-terminal propeptides of type I procollagen, isoform 5b of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and urine alpha- carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks (alpha-CTX) and beta-CTX and serum levels of calciotropic hormones vitamin D (25(OH)D) and PTH.. The aim of this study is to correlate bone metabolism biomarkers with prevalence and progression of periodontal disease in older men.. Patients with more severe periodontitis had significantly higher levels of PTH (P trend = .0004), whereas 25(OH)D was lower (P trend = .001). In a subset of men reevaluated at a second dental visit, improvement of periodontitis was associated with lower alpha-CTX, beta-CTX, and CTX levels at baseline after adjusting for age, site, and body mass index.. This study suggests that a distinct set of biomarkers of bone metabolism are associated with more severe periodontal disease (PTH, 25(OH)D) and periodontal progression (alpha-CTX, beta-CTX, and CTX) over time.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Bone and Bones; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Collagen Type I; Humans; Isoenzymes; Male; Osteoporotic Fractures; Peptides; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Vitamin D

Statins are inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and have anti-inflammatory effects independent of cholesterol lowering. Recent clinical studies have indicated that statin intake has a beneficial effect on periodontal disease. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been well understood. In the current study, we employed a rat model with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced periodontal disease and determined the effect of simvastatin, a commonly prescribed statin, on osteoclastogenesis, gingival inflammation and alveolar bone loss.. Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans LPS in periodontal tissue three times per week for 8 wk and part of the rats with LPS injection were also given simvastatin via gavage. After the treatments, the rat maxillae were scanned by microcomputed tomography and the images were analyzed to determine alveolar bone loss. To explore the underlying mechanisms, the effect of simvastatin on osteoclastogenesis and gingival expression of proinflammatory cytokines were also determined by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction assays, respectively.. Results showed that LPS treatment markedly increased bone loss, but administration of simvastatin significantly alleviated the bone loss. Results also showed that LPS treatment stimulated osteoclastogenesis and the expression of inflammatory cytokines, but simvastatin significantly modulates the stimulatory effect of LPS on osteoclastogenesis and cytokine expression.. This study demonstrated that simvastatin treatment inhibits LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis and gingival inflammation and reduces alveolar bone loss, indicating that the intake of simvastatin may hinder the progression of periodontal disease.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Alveolar Bone Loss; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Gingiva; Gingivitis; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Inflammation Mediators; Isoenzymes; Lipopolysaccharides; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Maxillary Diseases; Osteoclasts; Periodontal Diseases; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Simvastatin; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Toll-Like Receptors; X-Ray Microtomography

To investigate the effect of Lithothamnium sp (LTT) supplement, a calcium-rich alga widely used for mineral reposition, on strain-induced (orthodontic tooth movement [OTM]) and infection-induced bone resorption (periodontal disease [PD]) in mice.. Mice were divided into two bone resorption models: one with an orthodontic appliance and the other with PD induced by the oral inoculation of Aggregatibacter actinomycetencomitans (Aa). Both groups were fed a regular diet (vehicle), LTT-rich diet (LTT), or calcium-rich diet (CaCO3). Alveolar bone resorption (ABR), the number of osteoclasts, and the levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), calcium, and vitamin D3 were evaluated.. The number of osteoclasts was reduced in LTT and CaCO3 mice, which led to diminished OTM and infection-induced alveolar bone loss. In addition, LTT- and calcium-treated groups also presented decreased levels of TNF-α in periodontal tissues and increased levels of calcium in serum.. These results indicate that the LTT supplement influences ABR, probably due to its calcium content, by affecting osteoclast function and local inflammatory response, thus modulating OTM and PD.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Alveolar Bone Loss; Alveolar Process; Animals; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Calcitriol; Calcium; Calcium Carbonate; Calcium, Dietary; Cell Count; Dietary Supplements; Disease Models, Animal; Isoenzymes; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Osteoclasts; Pasteurellaceae Infections; Periodontal Diseases; Rhodophyta; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Tooth Movement Techniques; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

To assess the effect of topical application of melatonin to the gingiva on salivary fluid concentrations of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, and osteocalcin.. Cross-sectional study of 30 patients with diabetes and periodontal disease and 30 healthy subjects. Diabetic patients were treated with topical application of melatonin (1% orabase cream formula) once daily for 20 days and controls with a placebo formulation.. Before treatment with melatonin, diabetic patients showed significantly higher mean salivary levels of alkaline and acid phosphatase, osteopontin and osteocalcin than healthy subjects (P < 0.01). After treatment with melatonin, there was a statistically significant decrease of the gingival index (15.84 ± 10.3 vs 5.6 ± 5.1) and pocket depth (28.3 ± 19.5 vs 11.9 ± 9.0) (P < 0.001). Also, use of melatonin was associated with a significant reduction of the four biomarkers. Changes of salivary acid phosphatase and osteopontin correlated significantly with changes in the gingival index, whereas changes of alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin correlated significantly with changes in the pocket depth.. Treatment with topical melatonin was associated with an improvement in the gingival index and pocket depth, a reduction in salivary concentrations of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin and osteocalcin.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Administration, Topical; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Gingiva; Humans; Male; Melatonin; Middle Aged; Osteocalcin; Osteopontin; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Index; Saliva

Clinical and histologic features of 26 cases of canine peripheral giant cell granuloma (formerly giant cell epulis) are reported. Two main histologic categories were evident: (1) "classic" peripheral giant cell granuloma, characterized by variable numbers of multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) admixed with densely cellular mononuclear spindle-shaped cells in variable amounts of collagenous matrix, and (2) the "collision" peripheral giant cell granuloma, with features of both a peripheral giant cell granuloma and a fibromatous epulis of periodontal ligament origin. In the 16 dogs for which the outcome was known, 2 peripheral giant cell granulomas recurred after excision. No age or sex predilection was evident; however, lesions were more common in maxillary than in mandibular gingiva. In contrast to cats, peripheral giant cell granulomas in dogs behave like fibromatous epulides of periodontal ligament origin and seldom recur after excision. Positive staining with TRAP (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase) of the MNGCs and a fraction of the mononuclear cell population is consistent with osteoclastic origin.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cats; Diagnosis, Differential; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Giant Cells; Gingiva; Granuloma, Giant Cell; Isoenzymes; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Male; Osteoclasts; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Ligament; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Glucuronidase; Macaca; Periodontal Diseases

To investigate the potential pathogenic mechanisms of the oral periodontopathogen Wolinella recta ATCC 33238, we have isolated its lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and determined the chemical composition and selected in vitro biological activities of the molecule. Sodium desoxycholate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the W. recta LPS to be an atypical smooth LPS with short O-antigenic side chains. Chemically the LPS consisted of 47.2% lipid A, 19.6% polysaccharide, 9.0% heptose, 8.5% hexosamine, 3.2% phosphate, and 0.6% 2-keto-3-deoxyoctanoate. The major fatty acids were hexadecanoic acid (25.0%), 3-OH tetradecanoic acid (23.8%), tetradecanoic acid (15.4%), 3-OH hexadecanoic acid (11.6%), and octadecenoic acid (10.9%). Rhamnose constituted 87.8% of the carbohydrates generally associated with the O antigen, with smaller amounts of glucose (5.5%), mannose (4.9%), and an unidentified sugar (1.9%). CD-1 and C3H/HeN macrophages (M phi) exposed to 1 microgram of W. recta LPS per ml released 6.0 and 10.5 ng of prostaglandin E per ml of supernatant, representing 625% and 1,306% of prostaglandin E release by the control (without LPS). Maximum prostaglandin E release occurred in CD-1 M phi exposed to 100 micrograms of LPS per ml and was equivalent to 1,542% of release by the control. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) activities in CD-1 and C3H/HeN M phi exposed to 1 micrograms of LPS per ml were 257% and 1,941% of activities in the control, respectively. Maximum IL-1 release in CD-1 M phi occurred in response to 50 micrograms of LPS per ml and represented a 927% increase over release in the control, while 100 micrograms LPS per ml stimulated maximum IL-1 release in C3H/HeN M phi that was greater than 5,000% of release by the control.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Bacterial Toxins; Biological Assay; Chromatography, Gel; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Fatty Acids; Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Interleukin-1; Lipopolysaccharides; Macrophage Activation; Mice; Molecular Weight; Monosaccharides; Mouth; Periodontal Diseases; Prostaglandins E

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Female; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontal Diseases; Proteins

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Female; Glucuronidase; Humans; Male; Periodontal Diseases; Saliva

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Female; Gingiva; Humans; Male; Periodontal Diseases; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Saliva

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Duodenal Ulcer; Humans; Peptic Ulcer; Periodontal Diseases; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Child; Complement Fixation Tests; Gingiva; Glucuronidase; Humans; Immunochemistry; Immunoglobulins; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Periodontal Diseases; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Blood Glucose; Blood Protein Electrophoresis; Blood Proteins; Calcium; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; gamma-Globulins; Humans; Immunodiffusion; Middle Aged; Periodontal Diseases; Photometry; Potassium; Serum Albumin; Sodium; Triglycerides

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Actinomyces; Alveolar Process; Animals; Autoradiography; Cricetinae; Dental Plaque; Germ-Free Life; Mandible; Maxilla; Osteoclasts; Periodontal Diseases; Rats; Streptococcus; Time Factors; Tritium

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Electronic Data Processing; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontal Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Calcium; Gingiva; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Phosphates; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Saliva

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase; Esterases; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; Granuloma, Giant Cell; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Periodontal Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Caries; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontal Diseases; Rats; Root Canal Filling Materials; Saliva

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Diabetes Complications; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontium; Polysaccharides

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Gingivectomy; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Wound Healing

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Esterases; Exudates and Transudates; Gingiva; Glucosidases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Oxidoreductases; Periodontal Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Alkaline Phosphatase; Citric Acid Cycle; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Calcium; Humans; Magnesium; Middle Aged; Periodontal Diseases; Phosphates

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Dental Pulp; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Nucleotidases; Periodontal Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Periodontal Diseases; Radiation Injuries

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Saliva

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Esterases; Gingival Hyperplasia; Humans; Hydrolases; Periodontal Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Ascorbic Acid; Gingiva; Humans; Middle Aged; Periodontal Diseases