acid-phosphatase and Pain

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Axonal Transport; Colchicine; Denervation; Histocytochemistry; Microscopy, Electron; Neurons, Afferent; Pain; Peripheral Nerves; Rats; Regeneration; Skin; Spinal Cord; Vinblastine; Vincristine

A multicenter, randomized double-blind study was carried out in 203 patients with metastatic prostate cancer, in order to compare the efficacy of complete suppression of androgens achieved with surgical castration and nilutamide (Anandron), 100 mg t.i.d. The combined therapy was well-tolerated by patients, and they noted a better relief of bone pain after six months than those in the control group. There was a greater number of favorable responses in the combined treatment group. In addition, despite a similar median progression-free actuarial rate, the combined treatment (nilutamide plus orchiectomy) offered an improved survival time over orchiectomy alone.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Androgen Antagonists; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Imidazoles; Imidazolidines; Male; Orchiectomy; Pain; Prostatic Neoplasms; Survival Rate

Categories of objective response to chemotherapy for 460 advanced relapsing prostate cancer patients evaluated in the initial first four randomized clinical trials of the National Prostatic Cancer Project were compared by survival and other patient and disease characteristics. The response criteria for stable were shown to delineate patients with markedly improved survival and other disease conditions relative to those designated as progression. Survival was similar for stable and partial regression patients despite more frequent reduction of primary tumor and subjective improvement in performance status, pain, and body weight in the partial regression patients. Consequently, we feel that in these studies the stable category is valid and useful for determining efficacy of treatment in patients with advancing prostate cancer.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antineoplastic Agents; Body Weight; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Pain; Prognosis; Prostatic Neoplasms; Research Design; Risk

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Administration, Oral; Castration; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diethylstilbestrol; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pain; Placebos; Prostatic Neoplasms; Time Factors; Ureteral Obstruction

The aim of this study was to evaluate skeletal pain associated with osteoporosis and to examine the inhibitory effect of bisphosphonate (BP) on pain in an ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model. We evaluated skeletal pain in OVX mice through an examination of pain-like behavior as well as immunohistochemical findings. In addition, we assessed the effects of alendronate (ALN), a potent osteoclast inhibitor, on those parameters. The OVX mice showed a decrease in the pain threshold value, and an increase in the number of c-Fos immunoreactive neurons in laminae I-II of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Alendronate caused an increase in the pain threshold value and inhibited c-Fos expression. The serum level of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b, a marker of osteoclast activity, was significantly negatively correlated with the pain threshold value. Furthermore, we found that an antagonist of the transient receptor potential channel vanilloid subfamily member 1, which is an acid-sensing nociceptor, improved pain-like behavior in OVX mice. These results indicated that the inhibitory effect of BP on osteoclast function might contribute to an improvement in skeletal pain in osteoporosis patients.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alendronate; Animals; Diphosphonates; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Isoenzymes; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Osteoclasts; Osteoporosis; Ovariectomy; Pain; Pain Threshold; Posterior Horn Cells; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Transient Receptor Potential Channels

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of p-Coumaric acid, a common dietary phenol, on monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation in rats-an experimental model for acute gouty arthritis.. Paw edema, levels/activities of lysosomal enzymes, lipid peroxidation, enzymic antioxidants and a histopathological examination of ankle joints were evaluated in control and monosodium urate crystal-induced inflamed rats. Further, an acetic acid-induced writhing test and tail immersion test were employed to screen for analgesic effects, yeast-induced pyrexia was used to test for antipyretic effects, and gastric ulceration was used to evaluate ulcerogenic effects.. A significant increase in paw edema, lysosomal enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation levels was observed in monosodium urate crystal-induced rats, whereas activities of enzymic antioxidants were found to be decreased when compared to control rats. Nevertheless, treatment with p-Coumaric acid (100 mg/kg b.wt) significantly reverted the altered physical and biochemical parameters back to near normal levels, as evidenced by the histopathology of the ankle joints. In addition, p-Coumaric acid also exhibited potent analgesic and antipyretic effects devoid of any adverse impact on gastric mucosa.. The results of this study reveal the potential anti-inflammatory effect of p-Coumaric acid against monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation in rats.

Topics: Acetic Acid; Acid Phosphatase; Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antipyretics; beta-Glucosidase; Catalase; Coumaric Acids; Diet; Female; Fever; Glucuronidase; Hexosaminidases; Inflammation; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Pain; Propionates; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Superoxide Dismutase; Uric Acid

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alanine-tRNA Ligase; Autoantibodies; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle, Skeletal; Myositis; Pain; Prednisolone; Treatment Outcome

Secretory human prostatic acid phosphatase (hPAP) is glycosylated at three asparagine residues (N62, N188, N301) and has potent antinociceptive effects when administered to mice. Currently, it is unknown if these N-linked residues are required for hPAP protein stability and activity in vitro or in animal models of chronic pain. Here, we expressed wild-type hPAP and a series of Asn to Gln point mutations in the yeast Pichia pastoris X33 then analyzed protein levels and enzyme activity in cell lysates and in conditioned media. Pichia secreted wild-type recombinant (r)-hPAP into the media (6-7 mg protein/L). This protein was as active as native hPAP in biochemical assays and in mouse models of inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain. In contrast, the N62Q and N188Q single mutants and the N62Q, N188Q double mutant were expressed at lower levels and were less active than wild-type r-hPAP. The purified N62Q, N188Q double mutant protein was also 1.9 fold less active in vivo. The N301Q mutant was not expressed, suggesting a critical role for this residue in protein stability. To explicitly test the importance of secretion, a construct lacking the signal peptide of hPAP was expressed in Pichia and assayed. This "cellular" construct was not expressed at levels detectable by western blotting. Taken together, these data indicate that secretion and post-translational carbohydrate modifications are required for PAP protein stability and catalytic activity. Moreover, our findings indicate that recombinant hPAP can be produced in Pichia--a yeast strain that is used to generate biologics for therapeutic purposes.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Analgesics; Animals; Glycosylation; Humans; Male; Mice; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Pain; Pichia; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases

Topics: 5'-Nucleotidase; Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine; Adenosine A1 Receptor Agonists; Animals; Ganglia, Spinal; GPI-Linked Proteins; Humans; Nociceptors; Nucleotidases; Pain; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; Receptor, Adenosine A1

Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and ecto-5'-nucleotidase (NT5E, CD73) produce extracellular adenosine from the nucleotide AMP in spinal nociceptive (pain-sensing) circuits; however, it is currently unknown if these are the main ectonucleotidases that generate adenosine or how rapidly they generate adenosine.. We found that AMP hydrolysis, when measured histochemically, was nearly abolished in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and lamina II of spinal cord from Pap/Nt5e double knockout (dKO) mice. Likewise, the antinociceptive effects of AMP, when combined with nucleoside transport inhibitors (dipyridamole or 5-iodotubericidin), were reduced by 80-100% in dKO mice. In addition, we used fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) to measure adenosine production at subsecond resolution within lamina II. Adenosine was maximally produced within seconds from AMP in wild-type (WT) mice but production was reduced >50% in dKO mice, indicating PAP and NT5E rapidly generate adenosine in lamina II. Unexpectedly, we also detected spontaneous low frequency adenosine transients in lamina II with FSCV. Adenosine transients were of short duration (<2 s) and were reduced (>60%) in frequency in Pap-/-, Nt5e-/- and dKO mice, suggesting these ectonucleotidases rapidly hydrolyze endogenously released nucleotides to adenosine. Field potential recordings in lamina II and behavioral studies indicate that adenosine made by these enzymes acts through the adenosine A1 receptor to inhibit excitatory neurotransmission and nociception.. Collectively, our experiments indicate that PAP and NT5E are the main ectonucleotidases that generate adenosine in nociceptive circuits and indicate these enzymes transform pulsatile or sustained nucleotide release into an inhibitory adenosinergic signal.

Topics: 5'-Nucleotidase; Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine; Adenosine Monophosphate; Animals; Dipyridamole; Ganglia, Spinal; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Nociception; Nucleotides; Pain; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; Receptor, Adenosine A1; Synaptic Transmission; Tubercidin

Blockade of retrograde transport of nerve growth factor (NGF) in a peripheral sensory nerve is known to induce transganglionic degenerative atrophy (TDA) of central sensory terminals in the upper dorsal horn of the related, ipsilateral segments(s) of the spinal cord. The ensuing temporary blockade of transmission of nociceptive impulses has been utilized in the therapy of intractable pain, using transcutaneous iontophoresis of the microtubule inhibitors vincristin and vinblastin, drugs which inhibit retrograde transport of NGF. Since microtubule inhibition might inhibit (at least theoretically) mitotic processes in general, we sought to find a drug which inhibits retrograde transport of NGF without microtubule inhibition. Vinpocetine, a derivate of vincamine, which does not interfere with microtubular function, was found to inhibit retrograde axoplasmic transport of NGF in peripheral sensory nerves, similarly to vincristin and vinblastin. Blockade of NGF transport is followed by transganglionic degenerative atrophy in the segmentally related, ipsilateral superficial spinal dorsal horn, characterized by depletion of the marker enzymes of nociception, fluoride resistant acid phosphatase (FRAP) and thiamine monophosphatase (TMP) from the Rolando substance and by decrease of the pain-related neuropeptides substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) from lamina I-II-III. Based upon these findings, it has been suggested that vinpocetine may result in a locally restricted decrease of nociception. Herewith, the structural and behavioral effects of perineurally administered vinpocetine are discussed. Nociception, induced by intraplantar injection of formalin, was mitigated by perineural application of vinpocetine; also formalin-induced expression of c-fos in the ipsilateral, segmentally related superficial dorsal horn, was prevented by this treatment. Since vinpocetine is not a microtubule inhibitor, its mode of action is enigmatic. It is assumed that the effect of vinpocetine might be related to interaction with membrane-trafficking proteins, such as signalling endosomes and the endocytosis-mediating "pincher" protein, involved in retrograde axoplasmic transport of NGF, or to interaction with glial elements, recently reported to be involved in the modulation of pain in the spinal cord. Based on animal experiments it is assumed that the temporary, locally restricted decrease of nociception, induced by vinpocetine applied via transcutaneous iontopho

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Analgesics; Animals; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Densitometry; Formaldehyde; Male; Nerve Growth Factor; Neuroprotective Agents; Pain; Pain Measurement; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Spinal Cord; Substance P; Vinca Alkaloids

Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) is expressed in nociceptive neurons and functions as an ectonucleotidase. When injected intraspinally, the secretory isoforms of human and bovine PAP protein have potent and long-lasting antinociceptive effects that are dependent on A(1)-adenosine receptor (A(1)R) activation. In this study, we purified the secretory isoform of mouse (m)PAP using the baculovirus expression system to determine if recombinant mPAP also had antinociceptive properties. We found that mPAP dephosphorylated AMP, and to a much lesser extent, ADP at neutral pH (pH 7.0). In contrast, mPAP dephosphorylated all purine nucleotides (AMP, ADP, ATP) at an acidic pH (pH 5.6). The transmembrane isoform of mPAP had similar pH-dependent ectonucleotidase activity. A single intraspinal injection of mPAP protein had long-lasting (three day) antinociceptive properties, including antihyperalgesic and antiallodynic effects in the Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) inflammatory pain model. These antinociceptive effects were transiently blocked by the A(1)R antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1, 3-dipropylxanthine (CPX), suggesting mPAP dephosphorylates nucleotides to adenosine to mediate antinociception just like human and bovine PAP. Our studies indicate that PAP has species-conserved antinociceptive effects and has pH-dependent ectonucleotidase activity. The ability to metabolize nucleotides in a pH-dependent manner could be relevant to conditions like inflammation where tissue acidosis and nucleotide release occur. Lastly, our studies demonstrate that recombinant PAP protein can be used to treat chronic pain in animal models.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Baculoviridae; Freund's Adjuvant; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Pain; Phosphorylation; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; Pyrophosphatases; Rats; Receptor, Adenosine A1; Recombinant Proteins

Prostate, breast and lung cancers readily develop bone metastases which lead to fractures, hypercalcemia and pain. Malignant growth in the bones depends on osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and in this regard bisphosphonate compounds, which have high-bone affinity and inhibit osteoclast activity, have been found to alleviate bone cancer symptoms. In this study, the bisphosphonate risedronate and its phosphonocarboxylate derivative NE-10790 was tested in a murine bone cancer pain model. Risedronate decreased bone cancer-related bone destruction and pain-related behavior and decreased the spinal expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, whereas NE-10790 had no effect on these parameters. Furthermore, risedronate but not NE-10790 induced dose-dependent toxicity in NCTC-2472 cells in vitro. Furthermore, the direct toxic effect of risedronate on tumor cells observed in vitro opens the possibility that a direct toxic effect on tumor cells may also be present in vivo and be related to the efficacy of bisphosphonate compounds. In conclusion, these results suggest that risedronate treatment may lead to an increased life quality, in patient suffering from bone cancer, in terms of decreased osteolysis and pain, and merits further study.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Bone Neoplasms; Bone Resorption; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Diphosphonates; Etidronic Acid; Fibroblasts; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Isoenzymes; Male; Mice; Mice, Nude; Pain; Pyridines; Risedronic Acid; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Thiamine monophosphatase (TMPase, also known as fluoride-resistant acid phosphatase) is a classic histochemical marker of small-diameter dorsal root ganglia neurons. The molecular identity of TMPase is currently unknown. We found that TMPase is identical to the transmembrane isoform of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), an enzyme with unknown molecular and physiological functions. We then found that PAP knockout mice have normal acute pain sensitivity but enhanced sensitivity in chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain models. In gain-of-function studies, intraspinal injection of PAP protein has potent antinociceptive, antihyperalgesic, and antiallodynic effects that last longer than the opioid analgesic morphine. PAP suppresses pain by functioning as an ecto-5'-nucleotidase. Specifically, PAP dephosphorylates extracellular adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to adenosine and activates A1-adenosine receptors in dorsal spinal cord. Our studies reveal molecular and physiological functions for PAP in purine nucleotide metabolism and nociception and suggest a novel use for PAP in the treatment of chronic pain.

Topics: 5'-Nucleotidase; Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine; Animals; Ganglia, Spinal; Humans; Isoenzymes; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Pain; Pain Measurement; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; Receptor, Adenosine A1

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acupuncture Therapy; Adrenalectomy; Animals; Electric Stimulation; Esterases; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Hypothalamus; Male; Pain; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Rats; Sensory Thresholds; Supraoptic Nucleus

Forty-four patients with metastatic cancer of the prostate that had failed conventional hormonal manipulation were treated with high-dose ketoconazole (600-1,200 mg/day). All patients had castrate serum concentrations of testosterone prior to therapy. All of the patients had been assessed by the criteria of the National Prostatic Cancer Project and been categorized as progressing. Over 50% of the patients were recategorized as having stable disease. The majority of the patients showed marked subjective improvement in pain on this therapy. Objective responses were noted but were not consistently seen. Side effects were common but tolerable. The median time of survival was 73.3 weeks. Ketoconazole may be a useful palliative adjunct in the treatment of hormone refractory prostatic cancer.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alkaline Phosphatase; Humans; Ketoconazole; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent; Pain; Prostatic Neoplasms; Remission Induction

Since 1981 we have been studying prostate cancer (Pca) by mass screening in three cities, eight towns and seven villages in Gunma prefecture, Japan. From 1981 to 1985, 5,770 subjects were examined. The clinical character of Pca detected by mass screening is compared with control (i.e., Pca detected in the outpatient clinic in Gunma University). Of the 54 Pca patients detected by mass screening (Stage B: 28, C: 8, D: 18), approximately 50% had early-stage Pca. The ratio of early-stage Pca is significantly higher than in the control. An extended survival rate in high-stage Pca detected by mass screening also was observed through comparison with control. We determined two types of Pca in advanced stage: (1) asymptomatic or less symptomatic and better prognostic Pca found in mass screening and (2) symptomatic and worse prognostic Pca found in control.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biopsy; Gait; Humans; Japan; Male; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Pain; Palpation; Prognosis; Prostatic Neoplasms; Surveys and Questionnaires; Urination Disorders

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acupuncture Therapy; Animals; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Esterases; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Pain; Rats; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation

The postnatal development of sensory C fibre function was investigated in neonatal rats aged 1-21 days. From birth, flexor-withdrawal reflexes (measured from the hamstring electromyograph) to pinching and heating the skin of the hindfoot were easily recorded under light anaesthesia and in fact were exaggerated in amplitude and duration compared to adult responses. Flexor reflexes to irritant chemicals, however, were not present until day 10-11 of life. In parallel with this late development of specific chemical sensitivity, neurogenic oedema, a C fibre-mediated inflammatory reaction, also did not occur until day 11. Substance P and fluoride-resistant acid phosphatase histochemistry were used to investigate the neurochemical development of sensory C fibres. Substance P was present in the skin, nerve, dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord from birth and fluoride-resistant acid phosphate within 12 h of birth. The adult neurochemical appearance of C-fibre terminals in the dorsal horn was established in a few days. The results show that despite the apparent early anatomical and neurochemical maturity of C fibres, physiological function is not fully established until the second week of life.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Female; Male; Nerve Fibers; Neural Conduction; Nociceptors; Pain; Peripheral Nerves; Rats; Reflex; Substance P

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Pain; Rats; Substantia Gelatinosa; Synaptic Transmission; Vinca Alkaloids

9 of 12 patients with advanced metastatic carcinoma of the prostate treated with luteinising-hormone-releasing-hormone (LHRH) analogue ICI 118630 for a mean period of 6 months showed objective evidence of response to treatment. Of 8 patients with bone pain, 7 obtained relief. After 6 weeks of treatment testosterone concentrations were reduced to castrate levels (range less than 2 to 5.5 nmol/l) from a pretreatment mean value of 15.7 nmol/l (range 10.3-24 nmol/l). Basal gonadotropin levels and gonadotropin responses to acute LHRH stimulation were suppressed within 2 weeks of treatment. However, the testosterone response to stimulation with human chorionic gonadotropin was unimpaired 4 weeks after the start of treatment. Therefore suppression of the basal testosterone concentration by ICI 118630 was due to inhibition of pituitary luteinising-hormone secretion rather than direct inhibition of testicular Leydig-cell function. ICI 118630 offers an alternative treatment to orchidectomy and oestrogen therapy.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Bone Neoplasms; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Depression, Chemical; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Goserelin; Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Pelvis; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiography; Testosterone

Latency to the hind-paw lick in the hot-plate test (54 degrees C) is significantly increased (P less than 0.001) in the course of transganglionic degenerative atrophy of central terminals of primary sensory neurons. This was induced by a 30 min perineural application of 10(-8) mol Formyl-Leurosin, which results in the blockade of retrograde axoplasmic transport without Wallerian degeneration of the peripheral nerve. Values of latency return to normal in the course of synaptoneogenetic restoration of neuronal connectivity in the upper dorsal horn. The results are compatible with the working hypothesis that the beneficial effect of chronic pain therapy with Vinca alkaloid iontophoresis might be due to the fact that transganglionic degenerative atrophy is followed by the establishment of a sound, normal wiring in the upper dorsal horn in the course of restorative synaptoneogenesis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Atrophy; Axonal Transport; Female; Ganglia, Spinal; Nerve Degeneration; Neurons, Afferent; Pain; Rats; Reaction Time; Sciatic Nerve; Spinal Cord; Substantia Gelatinosa; Vinblastine; Vinca Alkaloids; Vincristine

Acid phosphatase activity in the rat substantia gelatinosa has been shown to increase in response to a formalin-induced painful stimulus. In the rat the substantia gelatinosa is the location of the first synapse in the pain pathway. One site of morphine's analgesic effect is at this first synapse. The present study shows that morphine blocks the previously observed increase in acid phosphatase activity during a painful stimulus. Naloxone antagonizes the morphine effect. These results point to a possible functional role of acid phosphatase in the afferent transmission of pain signals.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Morphine; Naloxone; Pain; Rats; Spinal Cord; Substantia Gelatinosa

The records of 100 patients with localized prostatic cancer were examined retrospectively in an effort to determine the usefulness of routine 99mtechnetium bone scans following definitive therapy with 125iodine implantation or external beam irradiation. With a mean followup of 47 months per patient 19 per cent of these patients had positive scans and an additional 15 per cent had scans that were considered equivocal. Of the 100 patients none had a positive scan in the absence of either an elevated serum acid phosphatase or bone pain. In our series the low incidence of positive scans as the sole evidence of disease progression does not support its routine use after definitive therapy for localized carcinoma of the prostate.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Bone and Bones; Brachytherapy; Diphosphonates; Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Male; Pain; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radioisotope Teletherapy; Radionuclide Imaging; Technetium; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate

Among 52 patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate who were treated with exogenous testosterone, 45 (87%) experienced unfavorable subjective and/or objective responses. These unfavorable responses were elicited more frequently and after shorter treatment periods in patients in symptomatic relapse following endocrine therapy than in untreated patients or patients in remission following endocrine therapy. Serious morbidity or mortality, seemingly due to the testosterone administration, occurred in eight cases (15%). It is not known if the action of chemotherapeutic agents will be enhanced by concurrent testosterone therapy but any such investigation should be undertaken with extreme caution.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Drug Administration Schedule; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pain; Prostatic Neoplasms; Recurrence; Testosterone; Vomiting

Ninety patients with poorly differentiated prostatic carcinoma have been treated with Estramustine phosphate (Estracyt). Seventeen of them had clinically metastases and had had no previous therapy. Seventy-three were initially given oestrogens and/or irradiation. Objective response was observed in 59%. The best effect was seen in patients primarily untreated.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Estramustine; Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Nitrogen Mustard Compounds; Pain; Prostatic Neoplasms

Quantitative radiology of metastases is compared with other pretreatment characteristics in ability to predict survival in 102 patients with advanced Stage IV prostatic carcinoma. Using only two films, the posteroanterior chest and pelvis, radiologic quantitation of metastases is more precise than the other pretreatment characteristics in separating high-risk and low-risk patients. Quantitative radiology is a simple, noninvasive, effective method of stratifying patients in clinical trials or before aggressive therapy. The comparative ability of quantitative radiology and quantitative bone scans to separate high-risk and low-risk patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma can now be assessed.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Staging; Pain; Prognosis; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiography; Risk

The diagnostic value of bone pain in 227 consecutive patients with known primary tumor was investigated and bone scans were obtained. Eighty-two of 130 patients with bone pain had metastases with positive scans. In contrast, 80 of 97 patients without pain did not have metastases and the scans were negative; 13, however, did have metastases and positive scans, and in 10 of these the lesions were osteoblastic. Osteoblastic metastases may not produce pain. In a group of 70 patients with bone pain of unknown origin or elevated phosphatase levels, bone scans were also obtained and evaluated. Only one had metastatic disease, 40 were negative, and 29 had positive scans due to benign disease. It is concluded that in the assessment of malignancies, bone pain is a good indication for bone scintigraphy, except in those patients with osteoblastic lesions. However, when malignant disease has not yet been established, bone pain is not a reliable indication for scanning and radiographic examination is the initial examination of choice.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Diseases; Bone Neoplasms; Diagnostic Errors; Female; Humans; Pain; Radionuclide Imaging

In addition to the substantia gelatinosa Rolandi, acid phosphatase active axonal systems are described (1) in the viscerosensory nucleus of the vagus nerve, (2) in Lissauer's band, (3) in the fasciculus cornus posterioris (Cajal), and (4) in the nucleus basilaris externus (Cajal). Electron microscopically, acid phosphatase is located in between synaptic vesicles of axon terminals; the vesicle population of such terminals in the Rolando substance, however, markedly differs from that in systems 1--4, characterized by the presence of large dense-core vesicles. While acid phosphatase-active axon terminals in the Rolando substance appear to subserve cutaneous nociception, circumstantial evidence suggests participation of systems 1--4 in processing visceral nociception.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Axons; Medulla Oblongata; Pain; Rats; Sensory Receptor Cells; Skin; Spinal Cord

Establishment of a defence conditioned reflex in rats raised the level of total activity of acid RNAse (after treatment of the brain tissue with 0.1% Triton X-100) of lysosome-enriched fractions (LEF) in cerebral cortex and subcortical areas. This increase in the enzyme activity was higher in the Krushinsky-Molodkina rats than in Wistar those. The trained animals had a lower than control release of the acid RNAse from the brain cortex lysosomes under effect of the hiotone addition.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Brain; Cerebral Cortex; Conditioning, Classical; Histones; Light; Lysosomes; Male; Pain; Polyethylene Glycols; Rats; Ribonucleases; Species Specificity

Patients (219) with prostatic adenocarcinoma were classified on the basis of whether or not their bone scans were positive for metastasis. Acid and alkaline phosphatase determinations and clinical evaluations for bone metastases were reviewed. Of those with proved metastases, 43% had no bone pain, 39% had normal acid phosphatase levels, 23% normal alkaline phosphatase levels, 19% normal levels of both enzymes, and 15% normal enzyme levels without bone pain. Twenty-four per cent of the patients with normal enzyme levels and clinically unsuspected bone metastases had bone scans which proved positive for metastasis; 62% of these had normal radiographs.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pain; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiography; Radionuclide Imaging

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Capsaicin; Depression, Chemical; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Fluorides; Pain; Rats; Sensory Receptor Cells; Spinal Cord

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Age Factors; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Biometry; Body Weight; Dilatation; Hemoglobins; Humans; Male; Models, Biological; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pain; Prognosis; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Urethral Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Activities of Daily Living; Age Factors; Aged; Biometry; Body Weight; Hemoglobinometry; Humans; Male; Mathematics; Models, Theoretical; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pain; Prognosis; Prostatic Neoplasms; Ureteral Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Parathyroid Hormone; Phosphorus Isotopes; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiography

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Age Factors; Aged; Biopsy; Bone Neoplasms; Bone Resorption; Calcium; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pain; Paraplegia; Phosphorus; Prostatic Neoplasms; Urography

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Bradykinin; Humans; Kinins; Knee Joint; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukocyte Count; Osteoarthritis; Pain; Proteins; Synovial Fluid