acid-phosphatase and Otitis-Media

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Arylsulfatases; Cathepsin D; Child; Child, Preschool; Exudates and Transudates; Humans; Lysosomes; Middle Aged; Otitis Media; Otitis Media with Effusion

Bone resorption is a significant component of chronic inflammatory ear disease. Bone is a unique tissue requiring both demineralization and collagen degradation for breakdown. Mineral removal probably occurs prior to collagen destruction. A localized change in pH may be one of the mechanisms that induces demineralization. Localized accumulations of lysosomal acid hydrolases could provide the acidic environment necessary for mineral removal. The present study utilizes the electron microscope to localize the lysosomal enzyme acid phosphatase in specimens removed from patients with chronic otitis media. Areas of localized bone resorption exhibited mononuclear inflammatory cells attached to the resorption margin. These cells contained abundant acid phosphatase, as did isolated fibroblasts within the zone of inflammation at the resorption margin. Extra cellular acid phosphatase was seen in these areas. Within the bone, osteocytes adjacent to resorption displayed increased cytoplasmic organelle patterns and contained the acid phosphatase reaction. The localization of destructive enzymes in mononuclear inflammatory cells and osteocytes explains the bony destructive changes observed in human chronic otitis media in the absence of multinucleated osteoclasts.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Resorption; Chronic Disease; Ear Ossicles; Humans; Microscopy, Electron; Otitis Media

The ceruminous glands have been studied histologically and histochemically in twenty patients suffering from chronic suppurative otitis media with discharging ears, and in ten patients with dry central perforations, in comparison with normal ears. The present study revealed hyperactivity of the glands initially; later on, atrophy and fibrosis took place. Thus the diminution of wax may be due to: (1) The washing effect of the discharge. (2) Atrophy of the glandular structures. (3) Periglandular fibrosis. As the discharge stops, regeneration of the glands occurs.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Cerumen; Chronic Disease; Ear Canal; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Otitis Media; Otitis Media, Suppurative

Activities of various oxidative (LDH, MDH) and hydrolytic (LAP, alkaline- and acid phosphatase, and lysozyme) enzymes in serous middle ear effusions (MEE) and serum from patients with serous otitis media were studied. The ratio of enzyme activity between MEE and serum (MEE/serum) was greater than one for all enzymes studied indicating a higher activity of these enzymes in MEE than in serum. These findings are consistent with a hypothesis suggesting the release of enzymes from inflammatory processes in the middle ear cavity. These enzymes presumably originate from 1) enzymes normally present in blood, 2) release of enzymes from inflamed middle ear mucosa, 3) release of enzymes from inflammatory cells present in the effusions.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Exudates and Transudates; Humans; Hydrolases; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Malate Dehydrogenase; Muramidase; Olfactory Mucosa; Otitis Media; Oxidoreductases

A report is given on advances in our knowledge of the ototoxicity of aminoglycoside antibiotics. The pharmacokinetics of gentamicin, tobramycin, sisomicin and amikacin in the inner ear, cerebrospinal fluid, compartments of the eye and serum were determined by means of pharmacokinetical investigations. The influence of long-term treatment, and the effects of otitis media and uremia were also studied. Furthermore, the influence of therapeutic methods on ototoxic damage was investigated, and the ototoxicity of these antibiotics was compared. The experiments were performed in guinea pigs, concentrations of the antibiotics being measured by a microbiological method and confirmed by investigations with C14 labeled gentamicin. The hair cell degeneration pattern after administration of the new aminoglycosides was determined using surface preparations. The prophylactic effect upon ototoxicity of the administration of dimercaptopropanol or of dividing up the daily dosage was examined. Studies were made of ototoxicity in children, and in patients with otitis media or renal impairment, and the effect of simultaneous ethacrynic acid or noise was assessed. The problem of delayed and progressive ototoxicity, and the reversibility of ototoxic damage caused by these antibiotics was examined histologically, and the ototoxicity of gentamacin, tobramycin, sisomicin and amikacin was compared. The influence of the new aminoglycoside antibiotics upon the amount of acidic and alkaline phosphatase and unspecific esterases in the inner ear was studied. The clinical importance of the latest experimental findings is emphasised. The clinical picture of ototoxic damage after administration of the new aminoglycoside antibiotics shows no special characteristics. The ototoxicity of these antibiotics after topical use is mentioned. Attention is drawn to guidelines for the prevention of ototoxic damage by aminoglycosides.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Amikacin; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Ear, Inner; Esterases; Ethacrynic Acid; Gentamicins; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Noise; Otitis Media; Sisomicin; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Tobramycin

Thick mucosa removed from the promontory in cases with chronic otitis media showed prominent PAS-positive glands and epithelial secretory cells. Alcian blue positivity was less pronounced, contrary to the mucosa from glue ears. Enzyme activity in the epithelium and propria was comparable to that in glue ears, with some increase in alkaline phosphatase and some decrease in proprial lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase activity. Removal of thick, permanently altered mucoas is recommended even in the absence of squamous epithelium. Steps should be taken to allow regrowth of thin, normal middle ear epithelium on the promontory.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alcian Blue; Alkaline Phosphatase; Chronic Disease; Ear, Middle; Esterases; Hematoxylin; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Malate Dehydrogenase; Mucous Membrane; Nucleotidases; Otitis Media; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Ear, Middle; Epithelium; Esterases; Exudates and Transudates; Glycosaminoglycans; Humans; Immunodiffusion; Immunoelectrophoresis; Immunoglobulin A; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Malate Dehydrogenase; Mucous Membrane; Otitis Media; Proteins

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Ear, Middle; Female; Humans; Lysosomes; Macrophages; Male; Middle Aged; Otitis Media; Recurrence

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Autoradiography; Ear Diseases; Ear, Middle; Epithelium; Exudates and Transudates; Glucose; Guinea Pigs; Microscopy, Electron; Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; Mucous Membrane; Otitis; Otitis Media; Serous Membrane

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Albumins; Alkaline Phosphatase; Allergens; Animals; Chickens; Ear, Middle; Guinea Pigs; Hypersensitivity; Mucous Membrane; Otitis Media; Proteins

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Alpha-Globulins; Animals; Beta-Globulins; Blood Protein Electrophoresis; Ear, Middle; Exudates and Transudates; gamma-Globulins; Glucose; Haplorhini; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Malates; Otitis Media; Potassium; Sodium

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Child; Child, Preschool; Ear, Middle; Exudates and Transudates; Glucose; Humans; Infant; Otitis Media; Viscosity

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Animals; Capillary Permeability; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase; Ear, Middle; Esterases; Exudates and Transudates; Haplorhini; Histocytochemistry; Malate Dehydrogenase; Mastoid; Microscopy, Electron; Otitis Media; Proteins; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Temporal Bone