acid-phosphatase and Osteoporosis--Postmenopausal

During the last few years non-invasive methods to measure bone metabolism have been the object of intensive studies, chiefly because of the need for sensitive and specific markers to be used in the exploration of osteoporosis. Bone formation can be evaluated by assays of serum alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and collagen extension peptides. Bone resorption can be quantified by assays of urinary hydroxyproline and urinary pyridinoline excretion, and by assay of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in plasma. These markers have different sensitivity and specificity. At present, serum osteocalcin and urinary pyridinoline are the most effective markers, notably to evaluate bone metabolism in menopausal women and in patients with vertebral osteoporosis. In the near future a battery of tests based on a combination of the most effective markers will probably be used to study the complex abnormalities of bone metabolism which occur in bone diseases, and in particular in osteoporosis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Amino Acids; Biomarkers; Bone and Bones; Calcium; Female; Humans; Hydroxyproline; Male; Osteocalcin; Osteoporosis; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Peptides; Procollagen

Rapid detection of the exact changes in bone remodelling is exceptionally important. In this paper, the latest bone remodelling biochemical markers are reviewed. Some of them have already been used for a long time, and their utility has been widely demonstrated. The newest ones, in experimental stage, can be used as a complement to the others. The bone remodelling markers reviewed are: 1) Alkaline phosphatase; 2) osteocalcin; 3) other noncollagen of bone matrix such as osteonectin, GLA-protein of the matrix, osteopontine and alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein; 4) Procollagenous and other collagenous peptides of the matrix (C terminal of type I procollagen and urinary elimination of non-dialysis hydroxyproline. Amongst the bone resorption markers studied are: 1) Calcium/creatinine urinary quotient; 2) Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase; 3) Urinary hydroxyproline; 4) Other substance derived from collagen disruption such as hydroxylysine glycoside, piridinolinic intermolecular bridges and the enzymatic activity of proline iminopeptidase. We endeavored to collect all the most important references on the matter, especially those relating to Paget's disease of the bone, primary hyperparathyroidism, tumoral hypercalcemia and postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Biomarkers; Bone Resorption; Child; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hydroxyproline; Hypercalcemia; Hyperparathyroidism; Male; Neoplasms; Osteitis Deformans; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal

Menopause leads to an increased risk for osteoporosis in women. Although drug therapies exist, increasing numbers of people prefer alternative therapies such as dietary supplements, for example, calcium, vitamin D, and collagen hydrolysates for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. We have previously shown that a 3-month intervention using a calcium-collagen chelate (CC) dietary supplement was efficacious in improving bone mineral density (BMD) and blood biomarkers of bone turnover in osteopenic postmenopausal women. This study reports the long-term efficacy of CC in reducing bone loss in postmenopausal women with osteopenia. Thirty-nine women were randomly assigned to one of two groups: 5 g of CC containing 500 mg of elemental calcium and 200 IU vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) or control (500 mg of calcium and 200 IU vitamin D) daily for 12 months. Total body, lumbar, and hip BMD were evaluated at baseline, 6 and 12 months using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Blood was collected at baseline, 6 and 12 months to assess levels of blood biomarkers of bone turnover. Intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis was performed using repeated measures analysis of variance pairwise comparisons and multivariate analysis to assess time and group interactions. The loss of whole body BMD in women taking CC was substantially lower than that of the control group at 12 months in those who completed the study and the ITT analysis, respectively (CC: -1.33% and -0.33% vs. control: -3.75% and -2.17%; P=.026, P=.035). The CC group had significantly reduced levels of sclerostin and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b (TRAP5b) (P<.05), and higher bone-specific alkaline phosphatase/TRAP5b ratio (P<.05) than control at 6 months. These results support the use of CC in reducing bone loss in osteopenic postmenopausal women.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Alkaline Phosphatase; Biomarkers; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; Calcium; Collagen; Dietary Supplements; Female; Genetic Markers; Humans; Intention to Treat Analysis; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Postmenopause

To study the effect of Shugan Jiangu Recipe (SJR) on bone mineral density (BMD) and serum bone metabolic biochemical markers in postmenopausal breast cancer patients with osteopenia.. Totally 38 patients of postmenopausal women with breast cancer, who received aromatase inhibitors (AIs), were assigned to the treatment group (21 cases) and the control group (17 cases) by using random digit table. All patients took Caltrate D Tablet (containing Ca 600 mg and Vit D3 125 IU), one tablet daily. Patients in the treatment group took SJR, 6 g each time, twice daily for 6 successive months. The bone mineral density (BMD) level was detected before treatment and at months 6 after treatment. Levels of bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), bone gla protein (BGP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and C-terminal telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The drug safety was also assessed.. Compared with before treatment, BMD of L2-4 and femur neck obviously increased in the treatment group at month 6 after treatment (P < 0.01), serum BALP and TRAP decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with before treatment, BMD of L2-4 and femur neck obviously decreased in the control group at month 6 after treatment (P < 0.05), serum BALP and TRAP increased (P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, lumbar and femur neck BMD obviously increased, serum levels of BGP and BALP obviously decreased, and serum levels of CTX-II and TRAP obviously increased in the treatment group at month 6 after treatment (P < 0.01). No serious adverse event occurred during the treatment period. Bone fracture occurred in one case of the control group (5.8%).. SJR could attenuate bone loss of postmenopausal women with breast cancer who received AIs, increase BMD and improve abnormal bone metabolism.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aromatase Inhibitors; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Breast Neoplasms; Collagen Type II; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Humans; Isoenzymes; Middle Aged; Osteocalcin; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Peptide Fragments; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

Nutritional prevention of bone deterioration with fortified foods seems particularly suitable in institutionalized elderly women at risk of vitamin D deficiency, secondary hyperparathyroidism, increased bone resorption, and osteoporotic fracture.. The objective was to evaluate whether fortification of yogurts with vitamin D and calcium exerts an additional lowering effect on serum PTH and bone resorption markers as compared with isocaloric and isoprotein dairy products in elderly women.. A randomized double-blind controlled-trial, 56-day intervention was conducted in institutionalized women (mean age 85.5 years) consuming 2 125-g servings of either vitamin D- and calcium-fortified yogurt (FY) at supplemental levels of 10 μg/d vitamin D₃ and 800 mg/d calcium or nonfortified control yogurt (CY) providing 280 mg/d calcium.. The endpoints were serum changes from baseline (day 0) to day 28 and day 56 in 25-hydroxyvitamin-D (25OHD), PTH, and bone resorption markers tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform-5b (TRAP5b), the primary outcome, and carboxyl-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX).. At day 56, serum 25OHD increased (mean ± SEM) by 25.3 ± 1.8 vs 5.2 ± 2.5 nmol/L in FY (n = 29) and CY (n = 27), respectively (P < .0001). The corresponding changes in PTH were -28.6% ± 7.2% vs -8.0% ± 4.3% (P = .0003); in TRAP5b, -21.9% ± 4.3% vs 3.0% ± 3.2% (P < .0001); and in CTX, -11.0% ± 9.7% vs -3.0% ± 4.1% (P = .0146), in FY and CY, respectively. At day 28, these differences were less pronounced but already significant for 25OHD, PTH, and TRAP5b.. This study in institutionalized elderly at high risk for osteoporotic fracture suggests that fortification of dairy products with vitamin D₃ and calcium provides a greater prevention of accelerated bone resorption as compared with nonfortified equivalent foods.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Bone Resorption; Calcium, Dietary; Cholecalciferol; Collagen Type I; Double-Blind Method; Female; Food, Fortified; France; Homes for the Aged; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary; Isoenzymes; Nursing Homes; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Osteoporotic Fractures; Parathyroid Hormone; Peptides; Risk; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Vitamin D Deficiency; Yogurt

To analyze the effects of nutritional intervention with a milk product enriched with soy isoflavones on quality of life and bone metabolism in postmenopausal Spanish women.. We performed a double-blind controlled randomized trial in ninety-nine postmenopausal women. Group S women (n=48) were randomized to consume milk product enriched with soy isoflavone (50 mg/day) while group C (n=51) consumed product control for 12 months. Parameters of quality of life (Cervantes scale), markers of bone metabolism and bone mass estimated by ultrasound of the calcaneus (QUS) were evaluated.. Overall, there was an improvement in the domains menopause (P=.015) and vasomotor symptoms (P<.001). S group emphasized the assessment of vasomotor symptoms (P=.001) and differed positively from group C in health (P=.019), sex (P=.021) and partner (P=.002). Serum levels TRAP (P<.001) and OPG (P=.007) decreased and concentrations of 25-OH-vitamin D increased (P<.001) without differences between groups. In the assessment of QUS, there was an increase in estimated bone mineral density in group S (P=.040), whereas in group C there were no significant differences.. Daily consumption of these milk products increases levels of 25-OH-vitamin D and decreases bone metabolism markers. Additional supplementation with soy isoflavones seems to improve quality of life and bone mass in Spanish postmenopausal women.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Animals; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Female; Hot Flashes; Humans; Isoenzymes; Isoflavones; Middle Aged; Milk; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Osteoprotegerin; Postmenopause; Quality of Life; Soy Milk; Spain; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Vitamin D

The prevention of increased bone remodeling in postmenopausal women at low 10-y risk of osteoporotic fractures essentially relies on reinforcement of environmental factors known to positively influence bone health, among which nutrition plays an important role. In institutionalized women in their mid-eighties, we previously found that consumption of fortified soft plain cheese increased vitamin D, calcium, and protein intakes, reduced bone resorption biochemical markers, particularly the serum bone specific acid phosphatase tartrate resistant acid phosphatase, isoform 5b (TRAP 5b) that reflects osteoclast activity, and stimulated the serum bone anabolic factor insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). Whether these effects occur in much younger women was tested in a prospective control study. Seventy-one healthy postmenopausal women aged 56.6 ± 3.9 y (mean ± SD) with low spontaneous supply of both Ca and vitamin D were randomized to consume daily (treated, n = 36) or not (controls, n = 35) two servings (2 × 100 g) of skimmed-milk, soft plain cheese for 6 wk. The vitamin D and Ca-fortified dairy product provided daily: 661 kJ, 2.5 μg vitamin D, 400 mg calcium, and 13.8 g protein. At the end of the intervention, the decrease in TRAP 5b and the increase in IGF-I were greater in the treated than in the control group (P < 0.02). The changes in serum carboxy terminal crosslinked telopeptide of type I collagen did not differ significantly between the two groups. In conclusion, like in elderly women, consumption by healthy postmenopausal women of a vitamin D and calcium-fortified dairy product that also increases the protein intake, reduces the serum concentration of the bone resorption biomarker TRAP 5b. This response, combined with the increase in serum IGF-I, is compatible with a nutrition-induced reduction in postmenopausal bone loss rate.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Biomarkers; Bone Resorption; Calcium, Dietary; Cheese; Diet; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Down-Regulation; Female; Food, Fortified; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Isoenzymes; Middle Aged; Osteoclasts; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Osteoporotic Fractures; Postmenopause; Risk; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Vitamin D

A 12-month morning teriparatide (TPTD) administration resulted in a larger increase in the lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) than the evening application. The results indicate that the response of bone cells to teriparatide treatment depends on dosing time.. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term effects of the morning vs. the evening teriparatide administration on BMD and bone turnover markers (BTMs) in postmenopausal osteoporosis.. Fifty women with established postmenopausal osteoporosis were randomized to 12-month treatment with 20 μg of TPTD, administered daily in the morning or in the evening. The BMD and serum concentrations of C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b (TRAP 5b) were measured at baseline, after 6 and 12 months. General linear model-repeated measurements were used to analyze the data.. After 12 months, the lumbar spine BMD grew markedly (p < 0.001) with a significantly greater increase in the morning arm compared to the evening arm (9.1% vs. 4.8%, respectively, p < 0.05). The BMD at the distal radius significantly decreased (p < 0.001), with no differences between the arms. The BMD at proximal femur did not change significantly. After 6 months, the BTMs were significantly increased compared with baseline (p < 0.001). The increases in the evening arm vs. the morning arm, however, were more pronounced in PINP (+358% vs. +215%, respectively) and in TRAP 5b (+70% vs. +37%, respectively) (both p < 0.05).. 12-month morning administration of TPTD resulted in a larger increase in the lumbar spine BMD than the evening application. The timing of TPTD administration may be important for its efficacy.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Bone Density; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Calcium; Collagen Type I; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Injections, Subcutaneous; Isoenzymes; Lumbar Vertebrae; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Peptide Fragments; Peptides; Phosphates; Procollagen; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Teriparatide

Denosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody to RANKL, decreases bone remodeling, increases bone density, and reduces fracture risk. This study evaluates the time course and determinants of bone turnover marker (BTM) response during denosumab treatment, the percentage of denosumab-treated women with BTMs below the premenopausal reference interval, and the correlations between changes in BTMs and bone mineral density (BMD). The BTM substudy of the Fracture REduction Evaulation of Denosumab in Osteoporosis every 6 Months (FREEDOM) Trial included 160 women randomized to subcutaneous denosumab (60 mg) or placebo injections every 6 months for 3 years. Biochemical markers of bone resorption (serum C-telopeptide of type I collagen [CTX] and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatise [TRACP-5b]) and bone formation (serum procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide [PINP] and bone alkaline phosphatase [BALP]) were measured at baseline and at 1, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months. Decreases in CTX were more rapid and greater than decreases in PINP and BALP. One month after injection, CTX levels in all denosumab-treated subjects decreased to levels below the premenopausal reference interval. CTX values at the end of the dosing period were influenced by baseline CTX values and the dosing interval. The percentage of subjects with CTX below the premenopausal reference interval before each subsequent injection decreased from 79% to 51% during the study. CTX and PINP remained below the premenopausal reference interval at all time points in 46% and 31% denosumab-treated subjects, respectively. With denosumab, but not placebo, there were significant correlations between CTX reduction and BMD increase (r = -0.24 to -0.44). The BTM response pattern with denosumab is unique and should be appreciated by physicians to monitor this treatment effectively.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alkaline Phosphatase; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Biomarkers; Bone Density; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Bone Remodeling; Collagen Type I; Denosumab; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Isoenzymes; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Peptide Fragments; Peptides; Procollagen; RANK Ligand; Reference Values; Statistics, Nonparametric; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

Aside from existing drug therapies, certain lifestyle and nutritional factors are known to reduce the risk of osteoporosis. Among the nutritional factors, dried plum or prunes (Prunus domestica L.) is the most effective fruit in both preventing and reversing bone loss. The objective of the present study was to examine the extent to which dried plum reverses bone loss in osteopenic postmenopausal women. We recruited 236 women, 1-10 years postmenopausal, not on hormone replacement therapy or any other prescribed medication known to influence bone metabolism. Qualified participants (n 160) were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups: dried plum (100 g/d) or dried apple (comparative control). Participants received 500 mg Ca plus 400 IU (10 μg) vitamin D daily. Bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine, forearm, hip and whole body was assessed at baseline and at the end of the study using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Blood samples were collected at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months to assess bone biomarkers. Physical activity recall and 1-week FFQ were obtained at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months to examine physical activity and dietary confounders as potential covariates. Dried plum significantly increased BMD of ulna and spine in comparison with dried apple. In comparison with corresponding baseline values, only dried plum significantly decreased serum levels of bone turnover markers including bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b. The findings of the present study confirmed the ability of dried plum in improving BMD in postmenopausal women in part due to suppressing the rate of bone turnover.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Anthropometry; Biomarkers; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Calcium; Diet; Exercise; Female; Humans; Isoenzymes; Malus; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Postmenopause; Prunus; Spine; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Ulna

To investigate the therapeutic effects of ipriflavone on postmenopausal syndrome and osteoporosis in women.. A randomized and double-blind study was conducted. Sixty postmenopausal women with osteoporosis were chosen and they were randomly divided into three groups: Treatment group I was given oral compound calcium acid chelate and Vitamin AD guttate; treatment group II was given oral compound calcium acid chelate, Vitamin AD guttate and ipriflavone; Control group was given placebo and compound calcium acid chelate. The postmenopausal syndrome, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone biochemical markers were assessed 6 and 12 months after the treatment.. In treatment group II, hot flush and ostalgia syndromes were dramatically relieved, BMD and serum calcium level increased markedly and alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase decreased markedly, comparing with treatment group I and control group (p < 0.05).. Ipriflavone could inhibit bone resorption and promote bone formation. It is an effective drug for the prevention and treatment to menopausal syndrome and osteoporosis. Ipriflavone could be used as a supplement to estrogen replacement treatment.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Alanine Transaminase; Bone Density; Bone Remodeling; Calcium; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Isoenzymes; Isoflavones; Menopause; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Parathyroid Hormone; Phosphorus; Phytoestrogens; Statistics, Nonparametric; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Collagen Type I; Diphosphonates; Drug Monitoring; Female; Humans; Isoenzymes; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Time Factors

An open study was carried out to evaluate changes in bone remodeling markers such as N-telopeptide (NTx), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), total alkaline phosphatase (TAP), and bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) during a 1-year continuous tibolone treatment in postmenopausal women.. Thirty-six postmenopausal women were recruited for receiving tibolone 2.5 mg per day for 1 year. Densitometry and determination of biochemical markers of bone metabolism in serum and urine were performed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months.. Comparing baseline with 12 month's values, BAP and all resorption markers decreased significantly. NTx began to decrease since the initiation of the treatment (baseline: 74.4 +/- 5.3; 1 month: 57.5 +/- 4.2; 12 months: 36.6 +/- 2.8). BAP increased at the first month (baseline: 37.3 +/- 2.1; 1 month: 42.6 +/- 3.0) but diminished in the following months (12 months: 23.1 +/- 1.5). TAP started to decrease significantly only after 6 months of treatment (baseline: 37.3 +/- 2.1; 12 months: 31.4 +/- 2.3) and TRAP after 3 months (baseline: 9.8 +/- 0.4; 6 months: 9.1 +/- 0.5; 12 months: 8.2 +/- 0.4). Normal bone mineral density at distal and ultradistal forearm was maintained during the 1-year treatment (baseline: 0.42 +/- 0.01; 12 months: 0.42 +/- 0.01 and baseline: 0.33 +/- 0.01; 12 months: 0.33 +/- 0.01, respectively).. The use of tibolone 2.5 mg per day diminished progressively and significantly bone resorption and formation markers during 1-year treatment period.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Anabolic Agents; Biomarkers; Bone Density; Bone Remodeling; Collagen; Collagen Type I; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Forearm; Humans; Isoenzymes; Middle Aged; Norpregnenes; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Peptides; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Bone Resorption; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Immunoassay; Isoenzymes; Middle Aged; Osteitis Deformans; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

A novel osteogenic dodecapeptide peptide (PIE), IEELEEELEAER, was purified from the protein hydrolysate of blue mussels (Mytilus edulis). PIE was identified using a capillary electrophoresis electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometer. PIE showed a good reduction in the bone loss in ovariectomized mice, and it also increased the bone mineral density of the ovariectomized mice. PIE has a high affinity with integrins (PDB: , ). There are 8 and 12 amino acid residues from PIE that interact with integrins and , respectively. PIE accelerates the transformation of G0/G1 phase cells into G2 M phase cells, which promotes the growth of osteoblasts. PIE (100 μg mL

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Bone Density; Female; Humans; Integrins; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mytilus edulis; Osteoblasts; Osteogenesis; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Ovariectomy; Peptides; Protein Hydrolysates; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

We investigated whether eldecalcitol has further significant effects on bone metabolic markers and bone mineral density (BMD) in osteoporosis patients having undergone long-term bisphosphonate treatment. Eldecalcitol treatment was initiated in 48 postmenopausal osteoporosis patients who had undergone bisphosphonate treatment with or without alfacalcidol treatment for more than 2 years (average period 6.3 years). Age, height, weight, total muscle volume, total fat volume, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and BMD at the lumbar spine, total hip, and distal third of the radius were measured as background data for each patient. Serum alkaline phosphatase, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b, calcium, and phosphate levels were measured at the baseline and 3 and 12 months after the initiation of eldecalcitol treatment, and BMD was measured at the baseline and 12 months after the initiation of eldecalcitol treatment. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b level was significantly decreased at 3 and 12 months after the initiation of eldecalcitol treatment in comparison with the baseline level. There were no significant changes in alkaline phosphatase, calcium, or phosphate levels in comparison with the baseline levels. In addition, the lumbar spine BMD at 12 months after the initiation of treatment was significantly increased in comparison with the baseline level, although no significant changes in BMD at the total hip and distal third of the radius were observed. Eldecalcitol demonstrated significant effects in additionally decreasing the level of the bone resorption marker tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b and increasing BMD at the lumbar spine, even in osteoporosis patients having undergone long-term bisphosphonate treatment.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alkaline Phosphatase; Biomarkers; Bone Density; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Calcium; Diphosphonates; Female; Humans; Hydroxycholecalciferols; Lumbar Vertebrae; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Phosphates; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Vitamin D

Alisma canaliculatum is a herb commonly used in traditional Korean medicine, and has been shown in scientific studies to have antitumor, diuretic hepatoprotective, and antibacterial effects. Recently, the anti-osteoclastogenesis of alisol A 24-acetate from Alisma canaliculatum was investigated in vitro. However, the influence of alisol A 24-acetate on osteoporosis in animals has not been investigated. The present study was undertaken to investigate the anti-osteoporotic effect of alisol A 24-acetate on bone mass in ovariectomized (OVX) mice and to identify the mechanism responsible for its effects. OVX mice were treated daily with 0.5 or 2 μg/g of alisol A 24-acetate for a period of six weeks. It was found that these administrations significantly suppressed osteoporosis in OVX mice and improved bone morphometric parameters. The serum estradiol, bone alkaline phosphatase levels, regulatory T/Th17 cell numbers were significantly increased by alisol A 24-acetate as compared with untreated OVX mice. In addition, TRAP activity was inhibited by alisol A 24-acetate in OVX mice. These results suggest alisol A 24-acetate effectively prevents bone loss in OVX mice, and that it can be considered a potential therapeutic for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alisma; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Bone Density; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Bone Resorption; Cholestenones; Disease Models, Animal; Estradiol; Female; Femur; Humans; Isoenzymes; Lymphocyte Count; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Ovariectomy; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Th17 Cells

Postmenopausal women with end-stage renal failure are at an increased risk of fracture because of the effects of secondary hyperparathyroidism and postmenopausal osteoporosis. In the present study, we investigated the feasibility of using raloxifene to prevent fractures in postmenopausal women with end-stage renal failure on hemodialysis.. This study was conducted using a multicenter, single-arm, prospective design. Raloxifene was administered to postmenopausal women aged ≥50 years who were on maintenance hemodialysis and met any of the following criteria after a 24-week run-in period: an alkaline phosphatase level (bone formation marker) of ≥6.18 µkat/L (≥370 U/L), a bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP; bone formation marker) level of ≥0.59 µkat/L (≥35.4 U/L), or a bone-derived tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP-5b; bone resorption marker) level of ≥4.2 U/L.. A total of 48 individuals were eligible for study inclusion. Of them, 30 individuals participated in this study. The BAP levels were significantly decreased at week 4, but returned to the baseline levels at week 24. Similarly, the TRACP-5b levels were significantly decreased at week 4, but returned to the baseline levels at week 24. The serum calcium value decreased consistently after the start of raloxifene therapy. The intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels were likely increased at week 4. The ratio of BAP to iPTH levels and the ratio of TRACP-5b to iPTH levels both showed significant decreases over time. During the raloxifene therapy, no thrombosis or other drug-related adverse events developed.. The study results indicated that raloxifene can transiently reduce the levels of bone metabolism markers and might be useful for preventing fractures in postmenopausal women with end-stage renal failure, although raloxifene use over the long term may not have adequate efficacy in the absence of appropriate concomitant active vitamin D therapy.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Biomarkers; Bone and Bones; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Bone Resorption; Female; Humans; Isoenzymes; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Osteoporotic Fractures; Parathyroid Hormone; Postmenopause; Prospective Studies; Raloxifene Hydrochloride; Renal Dialysis; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

Integrin-based (β3 ) attachments to the extracellular matrix (ECM) on osteocyte cell processes have recently been proposed to play an important role in facilitating osteocyte mechanosensation. However, it is not yet known whether integrin expression is altered in the mechanoregulatory osteocytes during osteoporosis. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the expression of integrin-based mechanosensory complexes (β1 and β3 integrins) is altered as a direct response to estrogen deficiency, in an estrogen deficient animal model of osteoporosis. Four weeks post-operatively, immunohistochemistry was used to detect for β1 and β3 integrin subunits in bone tissue and marrow of ovariectomized (OVX; N = 4) and SHAM (N = 4) operated animals. A tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) control stain was performed to quantify the presence of osteoclasts in the bone marrow and bone surfaces. Image analysis was performed to quantify expression patterns in different biological compartments, that is, bone marrow, endosteum, and cortical bone. Our results showed that β1 integrins were ubiquitously expressed throughout the bone and marrow, for both OVX and SHAM groups. β3 integrin subunit expression was lower in bone cells from osteoporotic animals compared to controls, whereas β3 expression in marrow cells did not differ significantly between groups. At the endosteum no difference was observed in β3 integrin subunit expression. As expected, the number of osteoclasts was higher in the OVX group validating an imbalance in bone remodeling. We propose that a reduction in β3 integrin expression in osteocytes might impair mechanosensation by bone cells during estrogen deficiency.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Bone Marrow; Bone Remodeling; Disease Models, Animal; Estrogens; Female; Femur; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Integrin beta1; Integrin beta3; Isoenzymes; Mechanotransduction, Cellular; Osteoclasts; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Ovariectomy; Rats, Wistar; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Tibia; Time Factors

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by loss of connective tissue and alveolar bone, and osteoporosis is a common disease characterized by a systemic impairment of bone mass and microarchitecture. To date, the association between periodontitis and osteoporosis has remained to be fully elucidated. In the present study, an experimental rat model of periodontitis was used to explore the effects of oestrogen deficiency‑induced osteoporosis on the maxillary alveolar bone. Forty‑four female, six‑month‑old Sprague‑Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control, ligature, ovariectomized (OVX), and OVX + ligature. One month after ovariectomy, rats in the ligature and OVX + ligature groups received ligatures on their first and second maxillary molars for 1 month. Fluorescent labelling was performed prior to sacrificing the animals. At the end of the experiment, the maxillae and serum were collected and subjected to micro‑computed tomography analysis, confocal laser‑scanning microscopic observation, Van Gieson's fuchsin staining, tartrate‑resistant acid phosphatase staining and ELISA. Ligatures slightly reduced the alveolar bone mineral density (BMD) and bone formation rate, but significantly reduced alveolar crest height (ACH). Ovariectomy reduced the alveolar BMD, impaired the trabecular structure, reduced the bone formation rate and increased the serum levels of bone resorption markers. Animals in the OVX + ligature group exhibited a lower alveolar BMD, a poorer trabecular structure, a reduced ACH, a lower bone formation rate and higher serum levels of bone resorption markers compared with those in the control group. The results of the present study showed that ovariectomy enhanced alveolar bone loss and reduced the ACH of rats with experimental periodontitis. Thus, post‑menopausal osteoporosis may influence the progression of periodontitis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alveolar Bone Loss; Animals; Biomarkers; Collagen Type I; Estrogens; Female; Humans; Isoenzymes; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Peptides; Periodontitis; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) are acknowledged as a novel marker of oxidation-mediated protein damage. This study aimed to investigate the plasma levels of AOPPs in postmenopausal osteoporotic women, and to determine the relationship between AOPPs accumulation and lumbar bone mineral destiny (BMD) or bone turnover markers.. Lumbar BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Plasma AOPPs levels as a marker of protein oxidation damage and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as a marker of lipid peroxidation were measured by spectrophotometry. The concentrations of 2 specific markers of bone turnover, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase5b, (TRACP 5b) were quantified using ELISA kits.. We recruited 60 postmenopausal women meeting osteoporosis (OP) diagnostic criteria of World Health Organization (WHO) and 60 postmenopausal women without OP. Plasma levels of AOPPs (P<0.001), BALP (P<0.001) and TRACP 5b (P<0.001) were statistically significantly increased in the postmenopausal osteoporotic women compared with controls, but there was no statistically significant difference in MDA (P=0.124) between the 2 groups. Plasma AOPPs levels were negatively correlated with lumbar BMD and positively correlated with bone turnover markers both in postmenopausal osteoporotic women and in all subjects. However, plasma MDA levels were not correlated with lumbar BMD or bone turnover markers.. In postmenopausal osteoporotic women elevated AOPPs is associated with reduced BMD and increased bone turnover markers. Because AOPPs is stable and easy to detect it may be used as a simple plasma marker to predict the severity of postmenopausal OP.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Advanced Oxidation Protein Products; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Biomarkers; Bone Density; Bone Remodeling; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Isoenzymes; Lumbar Vertebrae; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Oxidative Stress; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

In the current study, we investigated the improvement of phosphorylated peptides from Antarctic krill Euphausia superba (PP-AKP) on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. PP-AKP was supplemented to ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats for 90 days. The results showed that PP-AKP treatment remarkably prevented the reduction of bone mass and improved cancellous bone structure and biochemical properties. PP-AKP also significantly decreased serum contents of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP), cathepsin K (Cath-k), matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9), deoxypyridinoline (DPD), C-terminal telopeptide of collagen I (CTX-1), Ca, and P. Mechanism investigation revealed that PP-AKP significantly increased the osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) ratio in mRNA expression, protein expression, and serum content. Further research suggested that NF-κB signaling pathways were inhibited by suppressing the mRNA and protein expressions of nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFATc1) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), diminishing the mRNA expression and phosphorylation of nuclear factor κB p65 (NF-κB p65), three key transcription factors in NF-κB pathways. These results suggest that PP-AKP can improve osteoporosis by inhibiting bone resorption via suppressing the activation of osteoclastogenesis related NF-κB pathways.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Antarctic Regions; Bone Density; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Disease Models, Animal; Estrogens; Euphausiacea; Female; Humans; Isoenzymes; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Ovariectomy; Peptides; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Signal Transduction; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) is known as an osteoclast marker, but osteoblasts and osteocytes in the vicinity of bone remodeling sites also express TRAP. Cell culture studies suggest that osteoblasts endocytose osteoclastic TRAP for inactivation. To evaluate whether changes in osteoclast activity could alter TRAP expression in osteoblasts and/or osteocytes in vivo, we studied the ovariectomized and vitamin D-deficient rat (Ovx-D) and rats healing from rickets. Bone sections were analyzed for TRAP gene expression by in situ hybridization, TRAP protein by immunogold labeling, and TRAP enzyme activity using the fluorescent substrate ELF97. Osteoblasts and osteocytes close to intracortical remodeling sites and bone surfaces demonstrated TRAP, most prominently in cancellous bone and osteocytes. Intracellular TRAP was located to electron-dense vesicles with similar morphology in both cell types. Ovx-D increased osteoclast activity (p < 0.001) and ELF97⁺ osteocytes (p < 0.05) in cancellous bone, but no corresponding increase was observed in the osteocyte lacunar area. The level of TRAP⁺ vesicles in cortical osteoblasts (p < 0.01) in Ovx-D rats was also increased. Enhanced osteoclast activity was noted in healing rickets after 72 h (p < 0.05), but no differences in TRAP expression were detected in osteoblasts or osteocytes. Thus, increased osteoclast activity does not affect TRAP expression in osteoblasts and osteocytes, favoring the notion that increased TRAP in these cells is rather due to increased synthesis. Although the role of TRAP in osteoblasts and osteocytes remains elusive, we speculate that the function is related to the capability of the enzyme to regulate the phosphorylation of proteins known to be expressed by these cells.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Bone Remodeling; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Isoenzymes; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Osteoblasts; Osteoclasts; Osteocytes; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Rats; Rickets; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

To explore the therapeutic effects of Morinda officinalis capsules (MOP) on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats.. Six-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were induced for postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) by bilateral ovariectomy and divided into seven groups as follows: sham-operated group, ovariectomized (OVX) control group, OVX treated with xianlinggubao (XLGB) (270 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹), OVX treated with alendronate sodium (ALN) (3 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹), and OVX treated with Morinda officinalis capsule (MOP) of graded doses (90, 270 and 810 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹) groups. Oral treatments were administered daily on the 4(th) week after ovariectomy and lasted for 12 weeks. The bone mineral density was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and osteocalcin (OC) levels in the serum and plasma were determined by standard colorimetric and enzyme immunoassays methods. Bone biomechanical properties and morphological parameters were analyzed by three-point bending test and histomorphometry respectively.. Morinda officinalis capsules at all doses were able to significantly prevent the OVX-induced loss of bone mass due to diminishing serum AKP and TRAP levels while elevating OC level in the plasma. Morinda officinalis capsules also enhanced the bone strength and prevented the deterioration of trabecular microarchitecture.. Morinda officinalis capsules possess potent anti-osteoporotic activity in OVX rats which could be an effective treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Bone Density; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Capsules; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Humans; Isoenzymes; Morinda; Osteocalcin; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Ovariectomy; Phytotherapy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

Despite the worldwide increased prevalence of osteoporosis, no data are available evaluating the effect of an enamel matrix derivative (EMD) on the healing of periodontal defects in patients with osteoporosis. This study aims to evaluate whether the regenerative potential of EMD may be suitable for osteoporosis-related periodontal defects.. Forty female Wistar rats (mean body weight: 200 g) were used for this study. An osteoporosis animal model was carried out by bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) in 20 animals. Ten weeks after OVX, bilateral fenestration defects were created at the buccal aspect of the first mandibular molar. Animals were randomly assigned to four groups of 10 animals per group: 1) control animals with unfilled periodontal defects; 2) control animals with EMD-treated defects; 3) OVX animals with unfilled defects; and 4) OVX animals with EMD-treated defects. The animals were euthanized 28 days later, and the percentage of defect fill and thickness of newly formed bone and cementum were assessed by histomorphometry and microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) analysis. The number of osteoclasts was determined by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and angiogenesis was assessed by analyzing formation of blood vessels.. OVX animals demonstrated significantly reduced bone volume in unfilled defects compared with control defects (18.9% for OVX animals versus 27.2% for control animals) as assessed by micro-CT. The addition of EMD in both OVX and control animals resulted in significantly higher bone density (52.4% and 69.2%, respectively) and bone width (134 versus 165μm) compared with untreated defects; however, the healing in OVX animals treated with EMD was significantly lower than that in control animals treated with EMD. Animals treated with EMD also demonstrated significantly higher cementum formation in both control and OVX animals. The number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts did not vary between untreated and EMD-treated animals; however, a significant increase was observed in all OVX animals. The number of blood vessels and percentage of new vessel formation was significantly higher in EMD-treated samples.. The results from the present study suggest that: 1) an osteoporotic phenotype may decrease periodontal regeneration; and 2) EMD may support greater periodontal regeneration in patients suffering from the disease. Additional clinical studies are necessary to fully elucidate the possible beneficial effect of EMD for periodontal regeneration in patients suffering from osteoporosis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alveolar Bone Loss; Alveolar Process; Animals; Bone Density; Bone Regeneration; Cell Count; Cementogenesis; Dental Enamel Proteins; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Isoenzymes; Mandible; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Osteoclasts; Osteogenesis; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Ovariectomy; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; X-Ray Microtomography

Bone turnover markers (BTMs) may identify changes in bone remodeling within a relatively short time interval before changes in bone mineral density can be detected. New markers such as osteoprotegerin, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, and sclerostin have emerged, but there is little information about their potential use in clinical practice.. The aim of this study was to analyze the ability of several BTMs to predict bone loss in pre- and postmenopausal women and to monitor the efficacy of treatment in osteoporotic women.. We performed an observational prospective study in pre- and postmenopausal ambulatory women (n = 72 and n = 152, respectively).. Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (n = 18) were treated with risedronate and calcium. Women filled out a questionnaire and underwent bone mineral density measurement using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at the time of enrollment and after 1 year of follow-up. BTMs were measured at baseline, at 6 months, and after 1 year.. Increased levels of N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen (P1NP) and β-type I collagen telopeptides (CTXs) were associated with low bone mineral density in the premenopausal (P = .02 and P = .04, respectively) and postmenopausal (P = .03 and P = .02) groups. The best analytical performance to diagnose osteoporosis was for β-CTX, osteocalcin, and P1NP, with areas under the curve of 0.70 (P = .005), 0.64 (P = .048), and 0.71 (P = .003). A significant decrease was found in P1NP, osteocalcin, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b, β-CTX, and bone alkaline phosphatase after 1 year of treatment (all P < .05).. Our data suggest that measurement of β-CTX and P1NP shows adequate analytical performance and could potentially be included in algorithms for the screening of osteoporosis. Furthermore, these two markers, along with osteocalcin and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b, are useful to monitor the response to risedronate.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Biomarkers; Bone Density; Bone Remodeling; Collagen Type I; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Isoenzymes; Middle Aged; Osteocalcin; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Peptide Fragments; Peptides; Postmenopause; Predictive Value of Tests; Premenopause; Procollagen; Prospective Studies; ROC Curve; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

We studied molecular mechanism of Cistanches Herba aqueous extract (CHAE) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, as an experimental model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Female rats were either sham-operated or bilaterally OVX; and at 60 days postoperatively. The OVX group (n = 8) received an ovariectomy and treatment with normal saline for 90 days commencing from 20th post ovariectomy day. The ovariectomized +CHAE (OVX + CHAE) group (n = 8) received an ovariectomy and were treated with Cistanches Herba aqueous extract of 100 mg/kg body weight daily for 90 days commencing from 22nd post ovariectomy day. The ovariectomy +CHAE (OVX + CHAE) group (n = 8) received an ovariectomy, and were treated with the of 200 mg/kg body weight daily for 90 days commencing from 20th post ovariectomy day. Serum BGP and TRAP, E2, FSH and LH level, bone marrow Smad1, Smad5, TGF-β1 and TIEG1 mRNA expression levels were examined. Results showed that serum BGP and TRAP, FSH and LH levels were significantly increased, whereas E2, Smad1, Smad5, TGF-β1 and TIEG1 mRNA and proteins expression levels were significantly decreased in OVX rats compared to sham rats. 90 days of CHAE treatment could significantly decrease serum BGP and TRAP, FSH and LH levels, and increase E2, Smad1, Smad5, TGF-β1 and TIEG1 mRNA and proteins expression levels in OVX rats. It can be concluded that CHAE play its protective effect against OVX-induced bone degeneration partly by regulating some bone metabolism related genes, e.g. Smad1, Smad5, TGF-β1 and TIEG1.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Bone Marrow; Cistanche; DNA-Binding Proteins; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Estradiol; Female; Femur; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Gene Expression; Humans; Isoenzymes; Luteinizing Hormone; Osteocalcin; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Ovariectomy; Plant Extracts; Rabbits; Rats; RNA, Messenger; Smad1 Protein; Smad5 Protein; Solvents; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Transcription Factors; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Water

Thyrotoxicosis is more frequent in postmenopausal women than in the general population, effectively accelerating bone turnover. Interleukin-6 has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of bone disorders. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess the role of IL-6 and its soluble receptor in the pathogenesis of thyrotoxicosis-related disturbances of bone turnover in oestrogen-deficient women.. The study was carried out in 40 subjects with toxic nodular goitre in three groups: Group 1 - 13 premenopausal females, mean age 36 ± 15 years (PremTx→PremEu); Group 2 - 12 postmenopausal females, mean age 66 ± 14 years (PostTx→PostEu); and Group 3 - 15 males, mean age 45 ± 21 years (MTx→MEu). Overt thyrotoxicosis and euthyreosis after treatment with thyrostatics were confirmed by thyrotropin, free thyroxine and free triiodothyronin concentrations. Serum levels of bone turnover markers: TRACP5b and osteocalcin as well as serum IL-6 and IL-6sR were determined using ELISA kits.. TRACP5b/osteocalcin quotient was significantly elevated in the PostTx females compared to the PremTx women (p < 0.02). There was a positive correlation between serum TRACP5b and osteocalcin in the studied patients (R = 0.45, p < 0.001). Levels of serum IL-6 values were significantly elevated in PostTx: 3.0 (2.14-6.40) and MTx: 2.24 (1.60-5.10), compared to PremTx females: 1.39 (0.96-2.14) (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05 respectively). There were significant positive correlations between IL-6 and IL-6sR concentrations (R = 0.22, p < 0.05) and between IL-6sR and TRACP5b serum levels (R = 0.23, p < 0.05).. The results of our study suggest that interleukin-6 plays a considerable role in the pathogenesis of thyrotoxicosis-related disturbances of bone turnover in oestrogen-deficient women.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Bone Diseases; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; Interleukin-6; Isoenzymes; Male; Middle Aged; Osteocalcin; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Receptors, Interleukin-6; Sex Factors; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Thyrotoxicosis; Young Adult

The aim of our study was to see the efficacy of petroleum ether extract of Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) on development of osteopenia in ovariectomy induced Wistar rats.. The female Wistar rats were ovariectomized or Sham operated. The rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (40 mg/ kg b.w, i.p.), the ovaries were removed bilaterally. Sham-operation was performed in the same manner but only exposing the ovaries (sham operated (SHAM) group). A day later, the ovariectomized rats were randomly divided into four groups of eight animals each. The groups are 1. Sham operated (SHAM), 2. Ovariectomized (OVX), 3. Ovariectomized and treated with 25 mg/kg b.w of raloxifene (OVX+RAL), 4. Ovariectomized and treated with 500 mg/kg b.w of petroleum ether extract of CQ (OVX+CQ). The treatment continued for 30 days. At the end of the treatment, rats in all groups were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Before sacrifice, blood was collected for the estimation of serum ALP, TRAP, Calcium and hydroxyproline; where as the left femur was used for histomorphometrical analysis.. The findings assessed on the basis of animal weight, morphology of femur, histomorphometry and biochemical analysis. As compared to SHAM group, OVX group animals showed a significant rise in serum ALP, TRAP and hydroxyproline levels at the end of 1 month following ovariectomy while no significant change was seen in the serum calcium levels. ALP and TRAP levels of OVX + RAL and OVX + CQ groups showed a further increase following administration of raloxifene and Cissus quadrangularis. The serum hydroxyproline content was found to be increased in the OVX + CQ compared to SHAM group. CQ significantly increased the thickness of both cortical (p <0.001) and trabecular bone (p <0.001).This action of CQ is comparable to action of Raloxifene. )These data suggest a strong anti-osteoporotic activity of CQ.. The results confirm, at least in part, for the use of Cissus quadrangularis in folk medicine to treat osteoporosis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Alkanes; Animals; Biomarkers; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Bone Resorption; Calcium; Cissus; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Female; Femur; Humans; Hydroxyproline; Isoenzymes; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Ovariectomy; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Raloxifene Hydrochloride; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

This study was designed to determine the effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) on the mRNA expression of the receptor activator of NF-kappa-B (RANK) and carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) in ovariectomized rat osteoclast-like cells. Marrow cells were harvested from femora and tibiae of rats, from which the ovaries had been totally excised, and cultured in 6-well chamber slides. After 1 day of incubation, the marrow cells were exposed to PEMF for 3 days with 3.8 mT, 8 Hz, and 40 min per day. Osteoclast-like cells were confirmed by both tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) stain and bone resorption assay. The expression of RANK and CA II mRNA was determined with real-time fluorescent-nested quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Compared with the sham group, the level of serum estradiol in the ovariectomized group was significantly decreased ( p < 0.05). The numbers of multinucleated, TRAP-positive osteoclast-like cells and resorption pits formed were observed. In invitro study, the expression of RANK and CA II were measured in sham, ovariectomized without PEMF, and ovariectomized with PEMF treatment. Compared with the ovariectomized (PEMF) experimental group and sham group, CA II mRNA expression was significantly increased in the ovariectomized control group ( p < 0.05, 0.01, respectively). Compared with the sham group, RANK mRNA expression was significantly increased in the ovariectomized control group ( p < 0.05). These data suggest that PEMF could regulate the expression of RANK and CA II mRNA in the marrow culture system.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Biomarkers; Bone and Bones; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Resorption; Carbonic Anhydrase II; Cells, Cultured; Down-Regulation; Electromagnetic Fields; Estrogens; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Osteoclasts; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Ovariectomy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Staining and Labeling

Approximately 50% of hypertensive patients are postmenopausal women; therefore, any antihypertensive therapy must not adversely affect bone loss in this population. Recently, however, concern has been raised that use of angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonists may increase the tendency to develop postmenopausal osteoporosis by decreasing transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), which has been implicated in bone mass maintenance. In the present study, we selected telmisartan and valsartan as representatives of angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonists and used ovariectomized (OVX) rats as a model of human postmenopausal osteoporosis. After 3 months treatment with telmisartan (5 mg/kg daily) or valsartan (10 mg/kg daily), OVX rats showed no signs of adverse effects on bone mineral density of the lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5) or the total femur, nor did treatment affect serum levels of osteocalcin and osteoclast-derived tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP-5b). Bone TGF-beta1 content remained unchanged, although treatment with telmisartan and valsartan significantly reduced serum TGF-beta1 levels (p < 0.05). In conclusion, chronic treatment with angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonists reduced serum but not bone TGF-beta1 levels and did not accelerate ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Animals; Benzimidazoles; Benzoates; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Female; Humans; Isoenzymes; Osteocalcin; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Ovariectomy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Telmisartan; Tetrazoles; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Valine; Valsartan

Estrogen deficiency results in postmenopausal osteoporosis by increasing the rate of bone loss. The mechanism responsible for the effects of estrogen on osteoclasts is still unclear.. The potential of mononuclear cells from cord blood or bone marrow to differentiate into mature osteoclasts when co-cultured with human osteoblast cells was investigated. The effects of estrogen on osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activity were also examined.. Macrophage markers CD11b and CD14 were downregulated and vitronectin receptor was upregulated during 28 days' co-culture of mononuclear cells and human osteoblasts. Long-term co-culture resulted in the formation of numerous large tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells capable of resorption of bone slices. After incubation for 28 days, the addition of 17beta-estradiol caused a significant decrease in the expression of vitronectin receptor and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells in cultures derived from both bone marrow and cord blood. A significant decrease in bone resorption was also noted in the presence of estrogen.. Estrogen not only suppresses osteoclastogenesis but also inhibits the activity of osteoclasts.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Marrow Cells; CD11b Antigen; Cells, Cultured; Coculture Techniques; Estradiol; Fetal Blood; Humans; Integrin alphaVbeta3; Isoenzymes; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; Macrophages; Monocytes; Osteoblasts; Osteoclasts; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Vitronectin

Osteoclastic activity is mainly assessed by measurement of urinary markers (eg C-terminal cross-linked telopeptides of type I collagen, N-terminal crosslinked telopeptides of type I collagen, etc), the levels of which could often be affected by renal clearance. Recently, serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP5b) has been used as an alternative serum marker to evaluate osteoclastic activity. We investigated the age-related changes of TRACP5b level and its association with bone mineral density (BMD) in Chinese women.. Seven-hundred and twenty-two Chinese mainland women aged 20-79 years were recruited in the study. Serum TRACP5b level was measured using immunoassay to evaluate the state of bone resorption. Bone mineral density (BMD) (g/cm2) at lumbar spine 1-4 and proximal femur were measured by duelenergy X-ray absorptiometry.. The serum TRACP5b level reached a bottom value in premenopausal women aged 30-39, gradually increased in women aged 40-49, rapidly rose in women aged 50-59, and culminated with a maximum value in women aged 60-69 before a slow drop in women aged 70- 79. The average level of TRACP5b was significantly higher in postmenopausal women [(3.29+/-1.07) U/L] than in premenopausal women ([1.70+/-0.59] U/L). The levels of TRACP5b were inversely correlated with BMD at all measured sites (P<0.001). Furthermore, the level of TRACP5b was obviously higher in women with osteoporosis and osteopenia than those with normal bone mass (P<0.001).. We have established the reference values of serum TRACP5b in Chinese mainland women, and found that postmenopausal women had higher TRACP5b concentration than younger women. The results showed that serum TRACP5b was a sensitive and useful parameter for the evaluation of age-related changes of bone absorption.

Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Aging; Biomarkers; Bone Density; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Bone Resorption; China; Female; Humans; Isoenzymes; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Postmenopause; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Young Adult

To study the curative effects of Xianling Qianggu koufuye (XLQG) on postmenopausal osteoporosis in ovariectomized female rats.. Sixty female Sprague-dawley rats aged 12-months were used, 50 of them were ovariectomized and randomly divided into 5 groups: ovariectomized (OVX), OVX + Nylestriol, OVX + XLQG (high dose, middle dose, low dose), and the others were sham-operated group. Rats were treated with drugs starting at the 45 day after the operation for 90 days. Double in vivo fluorochrome labeling was administered to all rats. At the end-point of study, the blood was collected to detecte the contents of ALP and StrACP in serum, and the fourth lumar vertebra (LV4) and femur bone sections were cut and stained for bone histomorphometric analyses, biomechanical analyses and BMP analyses.. XLQGKFY decreased greatly the StrACP content, increased BMP and bone stiffness, and improved the bone biomechanical property.. Xianling Qianggu koufuye has a curative effect on postmenopausal osteoporosis, which provides for clinical use.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Administration, Oral; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Bone Density; Cockroaches; Drug Combinations; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Humans; Isoenzymes; Materia Medica; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Osteoporosis; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Ovariectomy; Plants, Medicinal; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

To observe effects of acupuncture serum of ovariectomized rats on the number of in vitro cultural osteoclast of newborn rats.. Forty 12-month-old SD female rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham-operation control group, ovariectomized (model) group, acupuncture prevention group and acupuncture treatment group. Osteoclasts isolated from long bone of the newborn SD rat were cultured on 24-well culture plates with DMEM containing 10% the test serum. Forty-eight hours later, the osteoclasts were stained with tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and the number of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells were counted.. The number of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells in the model group significantly increased as compared with the sham-operation control group (P < 0.01), and in the acupuncture prevention group and the acupuncture treatment group significantly declined compared with the model group (P < 0.05).. Acupuncture serum can equally reduce the number of osteoclasts in the two group.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acupuncture Points; Acupuncture Therapy; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cell Count; Female; Humans; Osteoclasts; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

The purpose of this study was to examine the antiosteoporosis effects of garlic oil in an ovariectomized (Ovx) rat model of osteoporosis and to compare its efficacy with lovastatin (a synthetic hypocholesterolemic drug) and 17beta-estradiol (a potent antiosteoporotic agent). Animals were divided into five groups: sham-operated control, ovariectomized, ovariectomized supplemented with lovastatin, ovariectomized supplemented with garlic oil and ovariectomized supplemented with 17beta-estradiol. In our study, the development of a high rate of bone turnover and osteoporosis in the ovariectomized animals were confirmed by significant alterations of serum alkaline phosphatase activity, serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity, urinary excretion of calcium, phosphate, hydroxyproline and urinary calcium to creatinine ratio, when compared with the sham-operated control group. Supplementation of these animals with either garlic oil or lovastatin or 17beta-estradiol, in addition to their hypocholesterolemic effect, could counterbalance all these changes. The results revealed that all three compounds significantly protected the hypogonadal bone loss as reflected by higher bone densities and higher bone mineral contents than the ovariectomized group of animals. The results emphasize that, like 17beta-estradiol, the hypocholesterolemic compounds garlic oil and lovastatin are also effective in suppressing bone loss owing to estrogen deficiency and their efficacy in the order of lower to higher is garlic < lovastatin < 17beta-estradiol.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Allyl Compounds; Animals; Bone Density; Calcium; Cholesterol; Creatinine; Disease Models, Animal; Estradiol; Female; Humans; Hydroxyproline; Isoenzymes; Lovastatin; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Ovariectomy; Phosphates; Rats; Recovery of Function; Sulfides; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

Regulation of osteoclastic activity is critical for understanding bone loss associated with the postmenopausal period. In vitro and animal studies have revealed the role of OPG as a decoy receptor that neutralizes the effect of RANKL on the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts. However, the role of the OPG-RANKL system in postmenopausal osteoporosis is controversial. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among circulating levels of OPG, RANKL, bone turnover markers (BTM), bone mineral density (BMD) and vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women. We determined anthropometric parameters, circulating OPG and RANKL, BTM, estradiol, BMD by dual X-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN), and pre-existing vertebral fractures in 206 ambulatory postmenopausal women of a mean age of 62 years (SD 7). Circulating OPG was significantly related to age (r =0.158; P =0.023), years since menopause (r =0.167; P =0.016) and BMD (LS Z-score: r =0.240; P =0.001, FN Z-score: r =0.156; P =0.025). Over half of the women had undetectable RANKL (n =113; 54.9%). There were no significant differences in clinical variables, BTM or BMD among women with detectable vs. undetectable RANKL. OPG was found to be independently associated with osteoporosis (OR: 2.9, 1.4-5.9) and prevalent vertebral fractures (OR: 2.5, 1.2-5.4). We conclude that serum OPG levels are independently associated with bone mass and prevalent vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women.

Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Biomarkers; Bone Density; Carrier Proteins; Estradiol; Female; Femur Neck; Glycoproteins; Humans; Isoenzymes; Lumbar Vertebrae; Membrane Glycoproteins; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Osteoprotegerin; Prospective Studies; RANK Ligand; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; Spinal Fractures; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

We show that mice lacking beta3 integrin are protected from OVX-induced bone loss. Using a lentiviral-based strategy to express beta3 mutants in beta3(-/-) mice, we also show that beta3(S752), but not beta3(Y747/Y759), is important for osteoclastic bone resorption in vivo.. Mice lacking the beta3 integrin have dysfunctional osteoclasts and therefore accumulate bone mass with age. Thus, the alphavbeta3 integrin is a potential anti-osteoporosis target. Identifying components of the beta3 integrin that determine its function in vivo is essential for therapeutically exploiting the antiresorptive properties of alphavbeta3.. We used DXA and histomorphometry to assess bone loss after ovariectomy in wildtype and beta3 integrin null mice. We used lentiviral vectors carrying various human beta3 (hbeta3) integrin constructs to transduce beta3(-/-) bone marrow and reconstituted lethally irradiated beta3(-/-) mice with the transduced marrow. The expressed constructs include the intact integrin and two mutants, namely hbeta3(Y747F/Y759F) and hbeta3(S752P), each of which induces the bleeding dyscrasia, Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, in humans. Two months after transplantation, the expression of hbeta3 was measured by flow cytometry of marrow-derived macrophages. Osteoclast differentiation and function were assessed ex vivo by TRACP and actin-ring staining, respectively. Reconstituted mice were ovariectomized, and bone loss was assessed by DXA, histomorphometry, and serum TRACP5b assay.. beta3(-/-) mice are protected from ovariectomy-induced bone loss, showing no difference in BMD compared with sham-operated controls. We successfully expressed hbeta3 integrins in beta3(-/-) hosts using lentiviral transduction of bone marrow. Two months after transplantation, 25-35% of marrow-derived macrophages expressed the hbeta3 constructs. Similar to its effect in vitro, hbeta3(WT) completely rescued the osteoclast and platelet phenotype of beta3(-/-) mice. Whereas platelet function remained deranged in beta3(-/-) mice overexpressing hbeta3(Y747F/Y759F), osteoclast function was fully restored. In contrast, beta3(-/-) mice expressing hbeta3(S752P) continued to exhibit prolonged bleeding times and dysfunctional osteoclasts in vitro and ex vivo. Most importantly, hbeta3(WT) and hbeta3(Y747F/Y759F) transplanted mice underwent equivalent ovariectomy-induced bone loss, whereas, like those bearing the control vector, hbeta3(S752P) transplanted mice were protected.. Functional beta3 integrin is required for ovariectomy-induced bone loss. beta3(S752), but not beta3(Y747/Y759), is critical for osteoclast function in vivo.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Actins; Animals; Bleeding Time; Blood Platelets; Bone Density; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Bone Resorption; Carrier Proteins; Cell Differentiation; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Femur Head; Genetic Vectors; Humans; Integrin beta3; Isoenzymes; Lentivirus; Lumbar Vertebrae; Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; Membrane Glycoproteins; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Mutation; Osteoclasts; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Ovariectomy; RANK Ligand; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Tibia; Transfection

This study investigated whether soy isoflavone intake, with or without estrogen treatment, can reduce postmenopausal bone loss, and whether soy isoflavones can be an alternative for estrogen replacement therapy using a postmenopausal osteoporotic rat model in which ovariectomized female rats were fed a low calcium, high fat diet. Nine-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized and then fed low (0.1%) calcium diets with or without soy isoflavone supplementation (80 or 160 ppm) for 6 weeks. Some ovariectomized rats were fed the same diets but also injected with estrogen (10 microg/kg of body weight) subcutaneously. Serum calcium and phosphate levels were normal in all rats. Serum alkaline phosphatase activities were not affected by the treatments. Serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activities and urinary hydroxyproline levels were not different between experimental groups. Bone mineral (calcium and phosphorus) contents were increased in the rats supplemented with 80 ppm soy isoflavone or the rats treated with only estrogen without soy isoflavone. Therefore, the effect of 80 ppm soy isoflavone supplementation was the same as estrogen injection, but there was no beneficial effect from combining soy isoflavones and estrogen injections. When 160 ppm soy isoflavone was used, the benefits were lessened or disappeared altogether. These results suggest that appropriate soy isoflavone supplementation prevents postmenopausal bone loss without estrogen injection and may have efficacy as an alternative to estrogen therapy.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Body Weight; Bone and Bones; Calcium; Calcium, Dietary; Creatinine; Eating; Estrogens; Female; Femur; Glycine max; Humans; Hydroxyproline; Isoflavones; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Ovariectomy; Phosphates; Phosphorus; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

To examine the effect of raloxifene on bone turnover in elderly women.. Clinical intervention.. Long-term care facilities.. Nineteen women completed the study, mean age 85 (range 76-99).. Raloxifene 60 mg was given daily for 12 weeks.. Markers of bone turnover were plasma C-telopeptides of type I collagen (CTx), urine cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen (NTx) and serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP 5b), plasma osteocalcin, and serum bone alkaline phosphatase. Other markers were serum 25-OH vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, ionized calcium, and phosphate. Markers were measured at baseline, after calcium and vitamin D had been taken for 6 weeks, after raloxifene had been taken for 12 weeks, and 6 weeks after raloxifene had been stopped. Paired sample t test was used to examine changes in markers at each time point.. Plasma CTx decreased on average by 31%, urinary NTx by 35%, plasma osteocalcin by 25%, serum bone alkaline phosphatase by 15% (P<.01), and serum TRAP 5b by 10% (P<.05) on treatment.. Raloxifene reduces bone turnover in elderly women living in long-term care facilities. The effect of raloxifene on bone turnover is comparable with that seen in younger postmenopausal women.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alkaline Phosphatase; Biomarkers; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Bone Remodeling; Calcium; Collagen Type I; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Female; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Long-Term Care; Nursing Homes; Osteocalcin; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Parathyroid Hormone; Phosphates; Raloxifene Hydrochloride; Risk Factors; Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; Sex Factors; Time Factors; Vitamin D

To examine a potential role for soybean phytoestrogens in postmenopausal bone loss, twenty-four 12-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into 4 groups and given controlled diets for 16 weeks. The treatment groups were as followed: sham operated, ovariectomized (OVX) control, OVX + isoflavone extract (6.25 g/kg), and OVX + 17beta-estradiol (4 mg/kg). OVX treatments reduced femoral and fourth lumbar vertebral bone density and mineral content (p<0.01), decreased uterine weight (p<0.01), accelerated body weight increases (p<0.05), and increased the activities (p<0.01) of both serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Supplementation with isoflavone prevented the losses of bone density and mineral content caused by OVX (p<0.01). Although both isoflavone and 17beta-estradiol exhibited similar bone-sparing ability on the OVX-induced bone loss, the effect of isoflavone was not the same as that of 17beta-estradiol on the serum ALP and TRAP, body weight increase, and uterine weight change. We concluded that dietary supplementation with soybean isoflavone can prevent postmenopausal bone loss via a different mechanism of estrogen in OVX rats.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Bone Density; Calcium; Eating; Estradiol; Female; Genistein; Glycine max; Humans; Isoenzymes; Isoflavones; Organ Size; Osteoporosis; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Ovariectomy; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

A study was carried out over a 24-month interval to determine if an initial measurement of serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase would be predictive of bone mass loss quantified by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, as total bone mineral content and total bone mineral content corrected for weight.. Sixty-two women were studied (at onset: mean age 59.7 +/- 8.9 years, 10.8 +/- 8.8 years since menopause; at conclusion: mean age 61.9 +/- 8.8 and 13.0 +/- 8.7 since menopause).. A paired Wilcoxon test showed a small, but significant, increase in weight (P < 0.05) and decrease in height (P < 0.05). Total bone mineral content and total bone mineral content corrected for weight decreased (P < 0.005 and 0.0001, respectively). Serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase increased (P < 0.005). Single-regression analysis showed that the per cent bone mass loss observed between the first and second body bone mineral content measurements correlated negatively with the first serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase determination (r = -0.62, P < 0.0001). Changes in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase correlated negatively with changes in total bone mineral content (r = -0.79, P < 0.0001). In a multiple regression analysis of per cent change in bone mass against initially important variables such as age, years since menopause, weight, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, only tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase was significant (P < 0.0001). The sensitivity and specifity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase for evaluating bone loss were 86% and 78%, respectively, and the area under the curve was of 0.83 (95% CI 0.71-0.95).. These results show that a simple measurement of serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase can help to predict the potential rate of bone mass loss in women.

Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Acid Phosphatase; Biomarkers; Bone Density; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Regression Analysis; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tartrates

Osteoclasts secrete tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) to the circulation, where the amount of TRAP is expected to correlate with the bone resorption rate. We have developed two monoclonal antibodies, O1A and J1B, using purified human bone TRAP as antigen. The antibodies recognized different epitopes, allowing us to develop a two-site fluoroimmunoassay. The immunoreactivity in fresh serum specimens was less than 10% of the concentrations measured from the same specimens after 24 h of storage at 4 degrees C, or after addition of 5 mM EDTA or EGTA to them. When fresh serum was gel filtrated using Sephacryl S-200 column, all of the enzyme eluted in the void volume as a complex with a molecular weight of more than 250 kDa. If the serum was treated with EDTA before the gel filtration, the complex was destroyed and the enzyme eluted in fractions corresponding to a molecular weight of 30 kDa, the size of monomeric purified human bone TRAP. The immunoassay was used to measure TRAP concentrations from serum samples that had been stored at 4 degrees C for 24 h. According to the assay, premenopausal women had 13.1 +/- 3.1, postmenopausal women 17.6 +/- 4.2, and children 32.6 +/- 12.2 microg TRAP/l of serum. We conclude that TRAP circulates in the serum as part of a complex, which also contains Ca2+, and that TRAP-immunoassay is a potentially useful method for determining bone resorption rates, as long as the complex is destroyed before the assay.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibody Affinity; Biomarkers; Bone Resorption; Child; Child, Preschool; Edetic Acid; Epitopes; Europium; Female; Fluoroimmunoassay; Humans; Isoenzymes; Molecular Weight; Osteoclasts; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

Biochemical markers of bone turnover may be useful to monitor patients taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The aim of this study was to assess the utility of markers in monitoring HRT by comparing the response of a large panel of markers to HRT with their within subject variability. We measured the response of markers to transdermal estradiol in 11 postmenopausal women over 24 weeks. We measured the within subject variability of markers in 11 untreated healthy postmenopausal women over the same period. The mean decrease in markers of bone formation after 24 weeks treatment ranged from 19% for procollagen type I C-terminal propeptide (PICP) to 40% for procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP). The mean decrease in markers of bone resorption ranged from 10% for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) to 67% for C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide The least significant change (LSC at p < 0.05), calculated from the within subject variability in the untreated group, was used to define response. LSC for osteocalcin was 21%, bone alkaline phosphatase 28%, PICP 24%, PINP 21%, type I collagen telopeptide 28%, TRAP 17%, urinary calcium 90%, hydroxyproline 75%, total deoxypyridinoline 47%, free pyridinoline 36%, free deoxypyridinoline 26%, N-terminal cross-linked telopeptide 70%, and C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide 132%. The greatest number of responders after 24 weeks of treatment were found using PINP and osteocalcin (9 each), and free deoxypyridinoline (8 each) and total deoxypyridinoline (8 each) and total deoxypyridinoline (7 each). Lumbar spine bone mineral density defined four patients as responders. The ability to detect a response differs between markers and is not dependent on the magnitude of response to therapy.

Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Acid Phosphatase; Age Factors; Alkaline Phosphatase; Amino Acids; Biomarkers; Bone Density; Bone Remodeling; Estradiol; Estrogen Replacement Therapy; Female; Humans; Hydroxyproline; Isoenzymes; Lumbar Vertebrae; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Peptide Fragments; Procollagen; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

We examined the effects of nandrolone decanoate (25 mg im every 3 weeks) on bone mass, serum biomarkers, and bone histomorphometric endpoints in 52 female cynomolgus macaques randomized into four treatment groups: (1) sham-ovariectomized (sham); (2) ovariectomized + placebo for 2 years (ovx); (3) ovx + nandrolone decanoate for 2 years (Nan); and (4) ovx + nandrolone decanoate beginning 1 year after ovx (dNan). Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) were assayed every 3 months, and X-ray densitometry of the lumbar spine was done every 6 months. Fluorochrome-labeled iliac biopsies collected at baseline and 1 year, and lumbar vertebrae and midshaft femur collected at 2 years, were evaluated histomorphometrically. Body weight increased over 50% with administration of nandrolone. After 2 years, ovx animals had lower spinal BMC and BMD than all other groups. Ovx animals also had higher bone turnover rates than all other groups, as indicated by higher levels of the serum and urine biomarkers, and by at least twofold higher label-based bone formation rates in the femur diaphysis and in both cancellous and cortical bone of the ilium and vertebral bodies. Nandrolone-treated animals had similar serum estradiol levels as the sham animals, presumably due to conversion of endogenous or exogenous androgens. The effects of nandrolone on bone in this experiment are consistent with estradiol action and may be attributable to the increased serum estradiol. Despite >50% higher body weight, nandrolone-treated, ovariectomized animals did not have higher bone mass than sham animals.

Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Amino Acids; Anabolic Agents; Animals; Biomarkers; Body Composition; Bone Density; Bone Development; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Disease Models, Animal; Estradiol; Female; Femur; Humans; Ilium; Isoenzymes; Lumbar Vertebrae; Macaca fascicularis; Nandrolone; Nandrolone Decanoate; Osteocalcin; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Ovariectomy; Random Allocation; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

The effects of estrogen suppression on osteonal remodeling in young women was investigated using transiliac biopsies (eight paired biopsies + four single pre; three single post biopsies) taken before and after treatment for endometriosis (6 months) with analogs of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH). Estrogen withdrawal increased the proportion of Haversian canals with an eroded surface (106%, p = 0.047), a double label (238%, p = 0.004), osteoid (71%, p = 0.002), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 116%, p = 0.043) but not those showing tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity (p = 0.25) or a single label (p = 0.30). Estrogen withdrawal increased TRAP activity in individual osteoclasts in canals with diameters greater than 50 microns (p = 0.0089) and also the number of osteons with diameters over 250 microns (p = 0.049). ALP activity in individual osteoblasts was increased but not significantly following treatment (p = 0.051). Wall thickness was significantly correlated with osteon diameter (p < 0.001). In a separate group of patients (four pairs + one post biopsy) on concurrent treatment with tibolone, there was no significant increase in the osteon density, cortical porosity, median canal diameter, or the markers of bone formation and resorption. Enzyme activities and numbers of active canals were also not increased with the concurrent treatment, but there was still an increase in the osteon diameter. As previously shown for cancellous bone, estrogen withdrawal increased cortical bone turnover. We have now shown that resorption depth within Haversian systems was also increased with treatment. The enhanced TRAP activity in individual osteoclasts supports the concept that osteoclasts are more active following estrogen withdrawal in agreement with theoretical arguments advanced previously. Understanding the cellular and biochemical mechanisms responsible for increased depth of osteoclast resorption when estrogen is withdrawn may allow the development of new strategies for preventing postmenopausal bone loss.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Biomarkers; Biopsy; Bone Density; Bone Remodeling; Drug Therapy, Combination; Endometriosis; Estrogen Antagonists; Female; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Goserelin; Humans; Ilium; Isoenzymes; Norpregnenes; Osteoclasts; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Software; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Triptorelin Pamoate

The purpose of this study was to examine whether soybean protein isolate prevents bone loss induced by ovarian hormone deficiency. Thirty-two 95-d-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four treatment groups [sham-operated (sham); ovariectomized (ovx); ovx+soybean; ovx + 17 beta-estradiol (E2)] and killed after 30 d. Rats in the sham, ovx and ovx + 17 beta-estradiol groups were fed a casein-based diet, and the soybean group was fed soybean protein isolate instead of casein; the diets were otherwise comparable. Rats in the ovx group had significantly lower densities of the right femur (P < 0.001) and the fourth lumbar vertebra (P < 0.05) than rats in the sham group. These lower bone densities were not observed in animals receiving 17 beta-estradiol or fed soybean. The ovx group also had significantly (P < 0.01) greater serum concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol than the other three groups. Our findings suggest that dietary soybean protein is effective in preventing bone loss due to ovarian hormone deficiency. Because serum activities of both alkaline phosphatase and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase were significantly greater in the ovx group and in the ovx + soybean group but not in the group receiving 17 beta-estradiol, compared with sham animals, this confirms that ovariectomy enhances and 17 beta-estradiol suppresses the rate of bone turnover. Despite the higher rate of bone turnover in the soybean-fed animals, the vertebral and femoral bone densities of these rats were significantly greater than those of rats in the ovx group, suggesting that formation exceeded resorption. Further studies are needed to clarify whether this protective effect on bone is due to the protein itself or to the presence of isoflavones in soybean protein.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Body Weight; Bone and Bones; Bone Resorption; Calcitriol; Calcium; Diet; Eating; Estradiol; Female; Humans; Isoenzymes; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Ovariectomy; Phosphorus; Plant Proteins, Dietary; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Soybean Proteins; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Vitamin D

Having observed that serum beta(2)-microglobulin concentration correlates with serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) concentration in postmenopausal osteoporosis, and that metacarpal endosteal diameter is dependent on bone resorption, we correlated the two biochemical parameters with the radiographic parameter to determine if beta(2)-microglobulin behaves like a biological marker of bone remodelling. In 105 women (mean age 68 +/- 4 years) consisting of 60 normal postmenopausal women and 55 osteoporotic postmenopausal women, there was a significant positive correlation between metacarpal endosteal diameter and these two biochemical values (r = 0.66 with beta(2)-microglobulin and r = 0.68 with TRAP in the osteoporotic postmenopausal women; r = 0.48 with beta(2)-microglobulin and r = 0.56 with TRAP in the normal postmenopausal women; P < 0.001 for all comparisons). All three measurements were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the osteoporotic postmenopausal women than in the normal postmenopausal women. These findings show that serum beta(2)-microglobulin behaves like a biological marker of remodelling.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; beta 2-Microglobulin; Biomarkers; Bone Density; Bone Remodeling; Bone Resorption; Female; Humans; Isoenzymes; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Regression Analysis; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) was purified 20,000-fold to apparent homogeneity from human bone. The purified enzyme consisted of one 32 kd subunit, which was cleaved by beta-mercaptoethanol into two subunits of 15 kd and 20 kd, as shown by sodium dodecyl sulfide-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and silver staining. The purified enzyme was identified by N-terminal amino acid sequencing, and it was shown to be homologous with previously purified TRAPs from other sources. We developed a polyclonal antiserum against the purified enzyme in mice. In immunohistochemistry, the antiserum recognized osteoclasts from human bone and alveolar macrophages from human lung tissue, but no cells from human spleen tissue. It also stained osteoclasts from rat bone cells cultured on bovine bone slices. Purified TRAP could be inhibited by vanadate and molybdate, but not by tartrate, and it was activated 2-fold by beta-mercaptoethanol. The glycoprotein structure of human bone TRAP was analyzed, and it was shown to contain only high-mannose type carbohydrates. We used the polyclonal antibody to develop a competitive fluorescence immunoassay for measuring serum TRAP concentrations. According to the assay, children have higher serum TRAP concentrations than adults, and postmenopausal women have higher concentrations than premenopausal women. Postmenopausal women also have higher serum TRAP concentrations than postmenopausal women on estrogen replacement therapy.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Biomarkers, Tumor; Cattle; Child; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Female; Femur Head; Glycoproteins; Hip Prosthesis; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Isoenzymes; Macrophages, Alveolar; Mannose; Mercaptoethanol; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Molecular Weight; Osteoclasts; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Precipitin Tests; Rats; Silver Staining; Spleen; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) and carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) are key enzymes responsible for osteoclastic bone resorption. In this study, we proposed that estrogen loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis may enhance gene expression of TRACP and CA II, and subsequently increase osteoclastic bone resorption. We have, therefore, used the ovariectomized rat model of postmenopausal bone loss to investigate changes at the gene transcriptional level in osteoclastic bone-resorbing enzymes in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, sham ovariectomized (S-OVX) rats, and estrogen-treated ovariectomized (E-OVX) rats. We have demonstrated for the first time that ovariectomy in rats enhances gene expression of TRACP, and CA II. The mRNA levels in OVX were approximately three- and four-fold higher, respectively, than those in S-OVX. Enhancement was observed 1 week after ovariectomy and transcripts remain high during the experimental period of 8 weeks. Administration of 17 beta-estradiol to OVX (E-OVX) reduced gene expression of these osteoclastic bone-resorbing enzymes 18 hours after injection. It appeared that the suppression of the osteoclastic bone-resorbing enzymes by 17 beta-estradiol was most effective during the first 1-2 weeks but the degree of suppression was reduced at 8 weeks after ovariectomy. In conclusion, our results suggest that estrogen prevents bone loss by reducing the mRNA levels of osteoclastic bone-resorbing enzymes in bone tissue.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Bone Resorption; Carbonic Anhydrases; Disease Models, Animal; Estradiol; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Humans; Osteoclasts; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Ovariectomy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tartrates

Beta2-microglobulin has been observed to behave as a biological marker of bone remodeling. We measured beta2-microglobulin and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), a specific biological marker of bone remodeling, in 225 women: healthy premenopausal controls, healthy postmenopausal control, and patients with diseases characterized by enhanced bone turnover (postmenopausal osteoporosis, primary hyperparathyroidism, primary hyperthyroidism, polyostotic Paget's bone disease), and in other Paget's group before and after calcitonin treatment. Beta2-microglobulin levels differed significantly between the healthy premenopausal women (n = 20) compared with all the other groups. However, beta2-microglobulin levels did not differ significantly between healthy postmenopausal women (n = 38) and patient's with Paget's bone disease (n = 40)(P = 0.5095), or between women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (n = 30) and women with hyperthyroidism (n = 20)(P = 0.7890). TRAP concentrations differed significantly in all the groups paired except for women with Paget's bone disease and women with either hyperparathyroidism or hyperthyroidism (P = 0.5179 and 0.6993, respectively); likewise, TRAP levels did not differ significantly between the women with hyperparathyroidism and those with hypothyroidism (P = 0.7804). After calcitonin treatment, there was a 22% increase in beta2-microglobulin, a 17% decrease in TRAP, and a 39% decrease in alkaline phosphatase, all of which were significant at P < 0.0001. Our findings indicate that serum beta2-microglobulin, like osteocalcin, behaves as a biological marker of remodeling in a number of diseases with enhanced bone remodeling but not in Paget's bone disease.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; beta 2-Microglobulin; Biomarkers; Bone Remodeling; Female; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Hyperthyroidism; Middle Aged; Osteitis Deformans; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Regression Analysis

Several parameters of bone mass and function were investigated in three experiments involving intact, ovariectomized, or hormone-supplemented ovariectomized female cynomolgus monkeys. Ovariectomized animals had increased serum levels of alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase compared with intact and hormone-supplemented animals. Vertebral bone mass measured ex vivo by dual-photon absorptiometry was reduced by 11-19% in ovariectomized animals compared with intact and hormone-supplemented animals. The most dramatic effects observed with ovariectomy were markedly increased (30-60%) bone formation rates in vertebral cancellous bone, primarily caused by higher activation frequency of basic multicellular units of bone. In addition, combined resorption and reversal periods were decreased and formation period increased in untreated ovariectomized animals. Changes in static histomorphometry parameters were less dramatic, cancellous bone volume being 1-14% lower in ovariectomized animals compared with intact or ovariectomized hormone-supplemented animals. The data indicate that changes in bone resorption are primarily responsible for the lower bone mass of estrogen deficiency and increased bone mass in hormone-supplemented animals. Bone changes in ovariectomized cynomolgus monkeys resemble those in women after menopause and similarly respond positively to hormone supplementation. As such, cynomolgus monkeys are an excellent model for studying the basic mechanisms of osteoporosis and for the development of suitable therapeutic regimens.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Age Factors; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Biomarkers; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Diet; Disease Models, Animal; Estrogen Replacement Therapy; Female; Humans; Macaca fascicularis; Osteocalcin; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Ovariectomy

Estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss has been associated with accelerated bone turnover. Levels of some biochemical markers, such as serum osteocalcin (BGP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and urinary hydroxyproline (OHP), have been shown to be related to the rate of bone turnover. They may therefore be useful in identifying the individual at risk for osteoporosis and monitoring the efficacy of the treatment. Two recently discovered markers, urinary pyridinoline (PYD) and deoxypyridinoline (DPD), are apparently directly related to bone matrix degradation and may be more accurate markers of bone resorption than OHP or TRAP. To evaluate the effects of menopause, osteoporosis, and estrogen replacement on the excretion of these new markers, we measured the levels of PYD and DPD and other biochemical markers of bone turnover in four groups of women, premenopausal healthy (PRE), postmenopausal healthy (POST), postmenopausal osteoporotic (UTO), and postmenopausal osteoporotic with estrogen treatment (ETO). Significant increases in PYD, DPD, BGP, TRAP, and OHP were found in POST and UTO groups compared with PRE. These increases were blunted by estrogen treatment when the levels of each of the markers returned to PRE levels. When comparing POST and UTO groups, significant increases were observed in UTO only for PYD, DPD, and urinary calcium but not for OHP, BGP, or TRAP. With subgroups matched for age and years from menopause, only DPD discriminated between POST and UTO. Indices of bone formation covaried with markers of bone resorption in the total population.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Amino Acids; Biomarkers; Bone Density; Bone Resorption; Collagen; Cross-Sectional Studies; Estrogen Replacement Therapy; Female; Humans; Hydroxyproline; Menopause; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal

The so-called bone-derived growth factor, or beta 2-microglobulin, has a regulatory function in bone metabolism, stimulating osteoclastic activity. Osteoclastic activity is enhanced in postmenopausal osteoporosis, suggesting that beta 2-microglobulin concentration may also be increased in this disease. beta 2-microglobulin concentration was found to be raised (P < 0.001) in 30 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis as compared with 30 normal women of similar age; tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase concentration also was raised (P < 0.001), and total body bone mineral content was decreased (P < 0.001). Linear regression analysis revealed a highly negative correlation result between total body bone mineral content and beta 2-microglobulin (r = 0.577, P < 0.001), and a positive correlation result between beta 2-microglobulin and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase concentration (r2 = 0.806, P < 0.001). These findings, and the stimulatory effect of beta 2-microglobulin on osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity, suggest that beta 2-microglobulin may play an important role as a local regulatory factor in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; beta 2-Microglobulin; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Densitometry; Female; Humans; Linear Models; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal

We examined the effect of the amino bisphosphonate alendronate, administered IV every 2 weeks at 0.05 and 0.25 mg/kg for 1 year, on bone loss and parameters related to bone metabolism in ovariectomized baboons. Relative to non-OVX animals, the OVX baboons experienced increased bone turnover, reflected in biochemical and histomorphometric measurements, and bone loss assessed by dual-beam absorptiometry in the lumbar spine, which was similar to changes observed in ovariectomized women. Alendronate treatment maintained all parameters of bone turnover at control (nonovariectomized) levels and prevented the bone loss in a dose-dependent manner. We concluded that ovariectomized baboons offer a suitable model for the bone changes observed in ovariectomized women and that these changes can be prevented by sustained administration of an appropriate dose of this aminobisphosphonate.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alendronate; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Calcium; Diphosphonates; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Estradiol; Female; Humans; Osteocalcin; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Ovariectomy; Papio; Parathyroid Hormone; Radioimmunoassay

The study was carried out to evaluate the clinical validity and usefulness of serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity determined using an improved spectrophotometric assay. Enzyme activity was measured in 84 normal subjects and in 109 patients with common metabolic bone diseases. Mean values of serum TRAP activity in male subjects (n = 19; 10.4 +/- 2.15 U l-1) were not significantly different from those found in female subjects (n = 65; 10.8 +/- 1.8 U l-1). In the latter group mean values were significantly raised in post-menopausal subjects (10.5 +/- 2.0 U l-1; p less than 0.01) compared with mean values in pre-menopausal women (8.45 +/- 1.8 U l-1). We found a significant inverse correlation between serum TRAP activity values and bone mineral density (BMD) measured both at an ultradistal radial point (n = 33, r = -0.506; p less than 0.01), and at the lumbar spine (n = 57, r = -0.261; p less than 0.05). Mean serum TRAP activity values in patients with metabolic bone diseases were: primary hyperparathyroidism, n = 30: 14.2 +/- 4.89 U l-1, p less than 0.001 vs normal subjects; chronic maintenance haemodialysis, n = 19: 17.4 +/- 6.7, p less than 0.001; metastatic cancer, n = 13: 21.2 +/- 6.3, p less than 0.001; post-surgical hypoparathyroidism, n = 10: 9.9 +/- 1.8, NS; involutional osteoporosis, n = 20: 12.5 +/- 2.3 p less than 0.001; Paget's disease, n = 10: 16.8 +/- 3.5, p less than 0.001; osteomalacia, n = 7: 19.5 +/- 3.31, p less than 0.001.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aging; Bone Density; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Bone Remodeling; Female; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Male; Menopause; Middle Aged; Osteitis Deformans; Osteomalacia; Osteoporosis; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Spectrophotometry; Tartrates

The relationship between bone-resorbing cells, assessed by the presence of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatases (TRAP) and morphologic indices of bone resorption, was determined in 29 osteoporotic patients (14 postmenopausal females and 15 males) and 15 dialyzed patients. The number of TRAP-positive cells per unit of cancellous bone area (N.Oc/B.Ar) was higher in dialyzed patients than in those with osteoporosis (16.8 +/- 15.3 versus 4.95 +/- 2.86, p less than 0.05). The amount of bone resorbed at the basic multicellular unit level was estimated by calculating eroded area containing TRAP cells per bone area (E.Ar+/BA). This novel parameter was similar in dialyzed and in osteoporotic patients (41,700 +/- 28,400 versus 32,300 +/- 24,600). In contrast, trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp) was identical in both metabolic bone diseases. Trabecular width (169 +/- 38 versus 127 +/- 32 microns, p less than 0.05) and bone area were higher in dialyzed than in osteoporotic patients. N.Oc/B.Ar was significantly related to E.Ar+/BA in dialyzed (r = 0.76, p less than 0.05) but not in osteoporotic patients. Tb.Sp was significantly correlated to N.Oc/B.Ar and to the number of TRAP-positive cell nuclei per B.Ar (r = 0.44, p less than 0.05) in osteoporotic but not in dialyzed patients. This last result shows that in overt osteoporosis with thin trabeculae, trabecular spacing is related to the number of resorbing cells. In contrast, the spacing of thick trabeculae in dialysis osteodystrophy is not dependent on the number of osteoclasts.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Bone and Bones; Bone Resorption; Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoblasts; Osteoclasts; Osteoporosis; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Renal Dialysis