acid-phosphatase and Neoplasms

Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is a cytokine that has been known since long in immunology, mainly regarding its effects on T-cells and B-cells. IL-7 has been demonstrated to be necessary for both B-cell and T-cell proliferation and lack of IL-7 causes immature immune cell arrest. Interestingly, in recent years, certain studies have strongly suggested that the role of IL-7 is far beyond the field of immunology, it might have direct or indirect effect on cancer. This review aims to summarize the role of IL-7 in immunity and its role in the pathogenesis of neoplasia.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; B-Lymphocytes; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Gene Rearrangement; Humans; Immune System; Interleukin-7; Lymphocyte Activation; Neoplasms; Promoter Regions, Genetic; T-Lymphocytes

The spread of cancer to bone is considered a terminal event. Two main types of bone metastasis can manifest, i.e. osteoblastic and osteolytic. Irrespective of metastatic type, uncoupled bone remodeling is always present and perpetuates a vicious cycle of excess bone resorption and destruction. Biochemical markers of bone metabolism are potentially useful to diagnose metastatic bone disease and to monitor treatment response in cancer patients. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b (TRACP 5b) is a biochemical marker of osteoclast number and activity. Mounting evidence has demonstrated serum TRACP 5b as a useful marker of bone resorption and therefore bears clinical applicability in diagnosis and management of metabolic and pathologic bone diseases. Serum TRACP 5b is among one of the many bone resorption biochemical markers that have been studied to be a surrogate marker of bone metastasis in cancer patients. Its serum level may reflect the degree of lytic bone metastasis and, in turn, the tumor burden within the bone milieu. This review summarizes the development of specific immunoassays for serum TRACP 5b as well as current evidence for its exploitation as a biomarker for diagnosis, treatment response, and prognosis in various cancers with high incidence of bone metastasis including breast, prostate, lung, and multiple myeloma.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Biomarkers, Tumor; Bone Neoplasms; Humans; Immunoassay; Isoenzymes; Neoplasms; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

This is the history of discoveries of several enzyme tumor markers in the awardees laboratory. The first, beta-glucuronidase, was originally related to the physiological actions of estrogens and androgens. Perfection of histochemical techniques based on new substrates demonstrated the dual localization of beta-glucuronidase in endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes. Tumor tissues, in general, are enriched with beta-glucuronidase. Next, acid phosphatase of the prostate gland possesses the distinctive property of undergoing inhibition by L-tartrate. This organ-specific inhibitor was incorporated into the Fishman-Lerner method for measuring serum acid phosphatase of prostatic origin. This significantly increased the specificity of the measurement of serum acid phosphatase for prostatic cancer. Finally, the discovery of the Regan Isoenzyme, placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) in a patient with disseminated lung cancer provided a tumor marker useful in the management of gonadal tumors, in particular. Closely related to PLAP is germ cell alkaline phosphatase which is eutopically expressed in seminoma. Finally, radioimmunolocalization and radioimmunotherapy of PLAP in these tumors have been achieved by others.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Awards and Prizes; Biomarkers, Tumor; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Glucuronidase; Humans; Isoenzymes; Medical Oncology; Neoplasms; Societies, Medical; Societies, Scientific; Teratoma; United States

Rapid detection of the exact changes in bone remodelling is exceptionally important. In this paper, the latest bone remodelling biochemical markers are reviewed. Some of them have already been used for a long time, and their utility has been widely demonstrated. The newest ones, in experimental stage, can be used as a complement to the others. The bone remodelling markers reviewed are: 1) Alkaline phosphatase; 2) osteocalcin; 3) other noncollagen of bone matrix such as osteonectin, GLA-protein of the matrix, osteopontine and alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein; 4) Procollagenous and other collagenous peptides of the matrix (C terminal of type I procollagen and urinary elimination of non-dialysis hydroxyproline. Amongst the bone resorption markers studied are: 1) Calcium/creatinine urinary quotient; 2) Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase; 3) Urinary hydroxyproline; 4) Other substance derived from collagen disruption such as hydroxylysine glycoside, piridinolinic intermolecular bridges and the enzymatic activity of proline iminopeptidase. We endeavored to collect all the most important references on the matter, especially those relating to Paget's disease of the bone, primary hyperparathyroidism, tumoral hypercalcemia and postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Biomarkers; Bone Resorption; Child; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hydroxyproline; Hypercalcemia; Hyperparathyroidism; Male; Neoplasms; Osteitis Deformans; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal

Serum enzyme measurements are not useful in screening for cancer or in primary diagnosis. Just as is the case for other tumor markers, they have an important role in confirming diagnosis and establishing the stage of disease. They also are useful in predicting prognosis and then in following the course of the disease.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Amylases; Biomarkers, Tumor; Creatine Kinase; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase; Hexosyltransferases; Humans; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Muramidase; Neoplasms; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; alpha-Fetoproteins; Antigens, Neoplasm; Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Humans; Neoplasms; Prostate-Specific Antigen

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; alpha-Fetoproteins; Antigens, Neoplasm; Blood Proteins; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Catecholamines; Ferritins; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Hydroxyproline; Immunoglobulins; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Neoplasm Staging; Neoplasms; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase; Placental Lactogen; Polyamines; Pregnancy Proteins; Prognosis

Many glycoproteins which are produced by tumor cells and released into serum and urine, are useful for the diagnosis and prognosis of tumors. This review article describes the representative glycoproteins in this field and includes details about their carbohydrate moieties which have been clarified in recent years.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; alpha-Fetoproteins; Amylases; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Glycoproteins; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Isoenzymes; Neoplasm Proteins; Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; alpha-Fetoproteins; Antigens, Neoplasm; Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; beta 2-Microglobulin; Calcitonin; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Creatine Kinase; Humans; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lipids; N-Acetylneuraminic Acid; Neoplasms; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase; Prognosis; Sialic Acids

Sixteen tumor markers are reviewed, and measured to the ideal: produced by the tumor cell alone absent in health and in benign disease present in all patients with a given malignancy level in the blood representative of tumor mass detectable in occult disease. The only marker that approaches the ideal is human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in gestational trophoblastic tumors. In this malignancy, the HCG level suggests the diagnosis and stage, confirms response to therapy, and predicts relapse. The three most widely used and intensely studied tumor markers are carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alphafetoprotein (AFP), and HCG. CEA cannot be used in screening for cancer, but in carcinoma of the colon its elevation preoperatively increases the likelihood of advanced disease and postoperative recurrence. Postoperatively, elevated titers are often but not invariably associated with recurrent disease. AFP and HCG are useful in the management of nonseminomatous germ cell testicular tumors. Like CEA, they cannot be used for screening. They are more likely to be increased with advancing stage, and after therapy rising levels almost always mean recurrent disease. Some markers are valuable in specific circumstances, such as calcitonin in screening for familial medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. In multiple myeloma, immunoglobulins are useful in determining the tumor mass and response to therapy. In neuroblastoma, catecholamine metabolites are useful primarily in making the diagnosis. In some malignancies, the absence of effective therapy lowers the value of the marker, as for AFP in hepatoma. The remaining markers are too unreliable or too little studied to be useful in the management of an individual patient with cancer. The purpose of this paper is to provide the clinician with an understanding of the limitations of the present tumor markers that will lead to wiser use of the tests, and to provide standards to which future tumor markers should be measured.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Alkaline Phosphatase; alpha-Fetoproteins; Breast Neoplasms; Calcitonin; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Catecholamines; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Colonic Neoplasms; Female; Ferritins; Humans; Hydroxyproline; Immunoglobulins; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Liver Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Parathyroid Hormone; Placental Lactogen; Polyamines; Pregnancy; Trophoblastic Neoplasms; Uterine Neoplasms; Vasopressins

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Alkaline Phosphatase; alpha-Fetoproteins; Antigens, Neoplasm; Female; Fetal Proteins; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Radioimmunoassay

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Creatine Kinase; Female; Glycolysis; Hexokinase; Humans; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Neoplasms; Nucleotidases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Creatine Kinase; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glucosyltransferases; Humans; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Neoplasms; Pyruvate Kinase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; alpha-Fetoproteins; Antigens, Neoplasm; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Female; Ferritins; Humans; Male; Methods; Neoplasm Proteins; Neoplasms; Peptides; Tissue Polypeptide Antigen

The ability to "engineer" antibodies, using the techniques of somatic cell genetics and cell fusion, has opened a new era in immunochemistry. No longer are immunologists, limited by the vagaries of polyclonal antibody production. Using hybridoma technology, consistent preparations of precisely defined monoclonal antibodies are now available. Immunochemists are free to pick and choose those precisely defined characteristics of a homogeneous species of antibody that are best suited for a given application. To date, monoclonal antibodies have been used primarily as research chemicals. However, the implications of this new technology for diagnostic, therapeutic, and separation systems are rapidly becoming apparent.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibody Affinity; Antibody Specificity; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Chromatography, Affinity; Epitopes; Growth Hormone; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; Hybridomas; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Immunoassay; Neoplasms; Radioimmunoassay

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aging; Air Pollutants, Occupational; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infections; Leukocytes; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Occupational Diseases; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Ascitic Fluid; Cytodiagnosis; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Neoplasms; Pleura; Pleural Effusion

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Creatine Kinase; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase; Humans; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Neoplasms; Nucleotidases; Pancreas; Sialyltransferases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; alpha-Fetoproteins; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Hormones; Humans; Neoplasms; Paraproteins; Prognosis; Receptors, Cell Surface

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Deaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; alpha-Fetoproteins; Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing); Aminopeptidases; Antigens, Neoplasm; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Creatine Kinase; DNA Nucleotidyltransferases; Enzymes; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Neoplasms

The previous use of tumor-associated markers were to detect neoplasms early, before they had metastasized, and to monitor their treatment. Recently, antibodies to these tumor-associated markers have been radiolabeled, and the radiolabeled antibodies have been used to localize the neoplasms by external scintillation imaging. Potential now exists for treatment of the neoplasm by combining radiotherapeutic agents with the monoclonal antibodies to the neoplasm and infusing the patient with this combination. Three tumor-associated markers that are most often used are alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, and human chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit. In addition, recently developed tumor-associated marker enzyme include galactosyl transferase isoenzyme II, creatine kinase BB, and radioimmunoassay of prostatic acid phosphatase isoenzyme.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; alpha-Fetoproteins; Antibodies, Neoplasm; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Clone Cells; Creatine Kinase; Female; Humans; Hybrid Cells; Isoenzymes; Male; Neoplasms; Radionuclide Imaging

We have reviewed several tumor markers that our advocates feel are now clinically useful, involve current assay technology, and are based on already available information. These include, in selected instances, estrogen receptors for breast cancer, thyrocalcitonin for medullary cancer of the thyroid, prostatic acid phosphatase for cancer of the prostate, alpha-fetoprotein for hepatocellular cancer, and carcinoembryonic antigen for monitoring colon cancer. We have considered the potential use of measurement of serum proteases and protein degradation products due to their activity as possible future areas of development, and we have explored measurement of tissue aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase to identify populations at risk of cancer resulting from chemical carcinogenesis. It is clear that the study of tumor markers is already improving patient care in some specific areas and offers exciting potential for the future.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Antigens, Neoplasm; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Blood Proteins; Breast Neoplasms; Calcitonin; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Female; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Rats; Receptors, Estrogen; Receptors, Progesterone; Thyroid Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; alpha-Fetoproteins; Antigens, Neoplasm; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; Humans; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lymphokines; Lymphoma; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Paraneoplastic Syndromes; Prostatic Neoplasms

The review analyses the available evidence on the role of acid and alkaline phosphatases, ATPase as well as non-organic phosphate in the processes of precipitation of insoluble calcium salts in tissues. Participation of phospholipids in this process is noted. The identical role of the ensymatic systems in calcification in the processes of bone formation and in pathological foci including tumours is demonstrated. Exploration of the mechanisms of calcification may be a new step in attempts increasing the effectiveness of human malignant tumours therapy.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adenosine Triphosphate; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Calcification, Physiologic; Calcinosis; Cartilage; Cell Membrane Permeability; Electric Conductivity; Electron Transport; Energy Metabolism; Humans; Hydroxyapatites; Membrane Lipids; Mitochondria; Neoplasms; Osteogenesis; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Phosphates; Phospholipids; Rats

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Blood Group Antigens; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Female; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Leukemia; Lymphoma; Male; Neoplasms; Ovarian Neoplasms; Pituitary Hormones; Pregnancy Proteins; Prostatic Neoplasms; Teratoma; Testicular Neoplasms; Thyroid Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; alpha-Fetoproteins; Calcitonin; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Gastrins; Humans; Insulin; Male; Neoplasms; Parathyroid Hormone; Prostate; Thyroglobulin

A summary is presented of those organ specific enzyme assays traditionally used in evaluation of the patient with cancer. In addition, the use of certain serum enzymes such as gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, phosphohexose isomerase or 5'-nucleotidase as aids in following the course of the disease, particularly in patients with metastatic spread to the liver is outlined. Also considered is the utility of enzyme analysis in biopsy tissue, biologic fluids, and washings of body cavities. Newer enzymes are considered which might, in the future, be developed as diagnostic tools or as probes for the understanding of the etiology of cancer.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Amylases; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Bone Neoplasms; Clinical Enzyme Tests; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Humans; Isoenzymes; Isomerases; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Lipase; Liver Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Muramidase; Neoplasms; Nucleotidases; Oxidoreductases; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Prostatic Neoplasms; Sulfatases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; alpha-Fetoproteins; Antigens, Neoplasm; Blood Proteins; Breast Neoplasms; Calcitonin; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Female; Humans; Isoenzymes; Male; Milk Proteins; Molecular Weight; Muramidase; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Nucleosides; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; Polyamines; Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase; Sialyltransferases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Brain Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Catalase; DNA Nucleotidyltransferases; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; Glycine Hydroxymethyltransferase; Hexokinase; Hodgkin Disease; Intestinal Neoplasms; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukemia; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasms; Pyruvate Kinase; Ribonucleotides; Sarcoma, Experimental; Stomach Neoplasms; Uridine Kinase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Brain; Cell Survival; Digestive System; Heart; Hydrolases; In Vitro Techniques; Light; Liver; Lysosomes; Neoplasms; Radiation Injuries, Experimental; Radiation, Ionizing; Spleen; Thymus Gland; Tissue Survival; Ultraviolet Rays

Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cathepsins; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Deoxyribonucleases; Dextrans; Galactosidases; Glucuronidase; Hartmannella; Hydrolases; Kidney; Leukocytes; Liver; Lymphoid Tissue; Lysosomes; Membranes; Muscles; Neoplasms; Polyethylene Glycols; Ribonucleases; Tetrahymena pyriformis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Aprotinin; Basement Membrane; Carcinoma; Cell Division; Chondroitin; Culture Techniques; Esterases; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Isoenzymes; Lysosomes; Microscopy, Electron; Neoplasms; Oncogenic Viruses; Papilloma; Pinocytosis; Sulfatases; Vitamin A

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; DNA Nucleotidyltransferases; Esterases; Fructose-Bisphosphatase; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; Glucosyltransferases; Glutaminase; Glycogen Synthase; Hexokinase; Humans; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Liver Neoplasms; Malate Dehydrogenase; Mice; Neoplasms; Phosphotransferases; Pyruvate Kinase; Rats; Terminology as Topic; Thymidine Kinase; Transaminases; tRNA Methyltransferases; Uridine

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Amylases; Animals; Asparaginase; Body Fluids; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Enzyme Induction; Enzyme Therapy; Escherichia coli; Female; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glucuronidase; Humans; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Muramidase; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Nucleotidases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Autoradiography; Biochemical Phenomena; Biochemistry; Chick Embryo; DNA, Neoplasm; Estrogens; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Growth Hormone; Histocytochemistry; Hydrocortisone; Insulin; Methods; Methylcholanthrene; Mice; Neoplasms; Organ Culture Techniques; Progesterone; Prolactin; Rats; Research; Steroids

Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; 17-Ketosteroids; Acid Phosphatase; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Alkaline Phosphatase; Amino Acids; Amylases; Bone Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoid Tumor; Catecholamines; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Female; Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase; Humans; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue; Neuroblastoma; Nucleotidases; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Pheochromocytoma; Pregnancy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Trophoblastic Neoplasms; Vanilmandelic Acid

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; Glucokinase; Glucuronidase; Hexokinase; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Bone Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Cervix Uteri; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Diagnosis, Differential; Esterases; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glycogen; Glycosaminoglycans; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hyperplasia; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Neoplasms; Nucleic Acids; Sex Chromatin; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Biliary Tract Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Creatine Kinase; Esterases; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Humans; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Muscular Diseases; Neoplasms; Skin Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Leukemia; Liver Neoplasms; Mass Screening; Muramidase; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Nucleotidases; Phosphoglucomutase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Biliary Tract Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Creatine Kinase; Esterases; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Humans; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Muscular Diseases; Neoplasms; Skin Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Amino Acids; Aminopeptidases; Anemia; Blood Proteins; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Catalase; Esterases; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Glucuronidase; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lactates; Lipid Metabolism; Malate Dehydrogenase; Neoplasms; Phosphoglucomutase; Phospholipids; Proteins; Transaminases

Tissue-specific antigens can serve as targets for adoptive T cell transfer-based cancer immunotherapy. Recognition of tumor by T cells is mediated by interaction between peptide-major histocompatibility complexes (pMHCs) and T cell receptors (TCRs). Revealing the identity of peptides bound to MHC is critical in discovering cognate TCRs and predicting potential toxicity. We performed multimodal immunopeptidomic analyses for human prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), a well-recognized tissue antigen. Three physical methods, including mild acid elution, coimmunoprecipitation, and secreted MHC precipitation, were used to capture a thorough signature of PAP on HLA-A*02:01. Eleven PAP peptides that are potentially A*02:01-restricted were identified, including five predicted strong binders by NetMHCpan 4.0. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from more than 20 healthy donors were screened with the PAP peptides. Seven cognate TCRs were isolated which can recognize three distinct epitopes when expressed in PBMCs. One TCR shows reactivity toward cell lines expressing both full-length PAP and HLA-A*02:01. Our results show that a combined multimodal immunopeptidomic approach is productive in revealing target peptides and defining the cloned TCR sequences reactive with prostatic acid phosphatase epitopes.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antigens, Neoplasm; Epitopes; HLA-A Antigens; HLA-A2 Antigen; Humans; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Neoplasms; Peptides; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell

Bone metastases often occur in the majority of patients with advanced cancer, such as prostate cancer, lung cancer and breast cancer. Serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP 5b), a novel bone resorption marker, has been used gradually in the clinics as a specific and sensitive marker of bone resorption for the early diagnosis of cancer patients with bone metastasis. Here, we reported that high concentrations of uric acid (UA) lead to decrease of TRACP 5b levels and determined whether TRACP 5b level was associated with UA in interference experiment.. A total of 77 patients with high concentrations of UA and 77 healthy subjects were tested to evaluate the differences in their TRACP 5b levels. Serial dilutions of UA were respectively spiked with a known concentration of TRACP 5b standard sample, then Serum TRACP 5b was detected by using bone TRAP® Assay. A correction equation was set to eliminate UA-derived TRACP 5b false-decrease. The effect of this correction was evaluated in high-UA individuals.. The average TRACP level of the high-UA individuals (1.47 ± 0.62 U/L) was significantly lower than that of the healthy subjects (2.62 ± 0.63 U/L) (t-test, p < 0.0001). The UA correction equation derived: ΔTRACP 5b = -1.9751lgΔUA + 3.7365 with an R2 = 0.98899. Application of the UA correction equation resulted in a statistically non-significant difference in TRACP 5b values between the healthy subjects and high-UA individuals (p = 0.24).. High UA concentrations can falsely decrease TRACP 5b levels due to a method-related systematic error. To avoid misdiagnoses or inappropriate therapeutic decisions, increased attention should be paid to UA interference, when TRACP 5b is used for early diagnosis of cancer patients with bone metastasis, evaluation of the aggressiveness of osteosarcoma or prediction of survival in prostate cancer and breast cancer with bone metastases.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Bone Neoplasms; Bone Resorption; Case-Control Studies; False Negative Reactions; Female; Humans; Immunoassay; Isoenzymes; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Uric Acid; Young Adult

The addition of phosphate groups is an essential requirement for the proper functioning of cyclin and cyclin dependent kinase which control various stages in the mitotic division of cancer cells. Thus limiting the availability of phosphate is likely to interfere with the metabolism of rapidly growing malignant cells. The human hormone glucagon and the anti metabolite mithramycin reduce serum phosphate by increasing phosphaturia and are both very effective in treating Paget's disease of bone, a precancerous condition. In this disorder large doses of glucagon given intravenously relieve bone pain and cause serum phosphate and alkaline phosphatase as well as urine hydroxyproline to fall, indicating a marked reduction in bone turnover. A constant iv infusion of glucagon was given to each of three patients all of whom had secondary malignant bone deposits. Two of the patients had primary prostate cancer and one had a squamous cell lung tumour. All three patients had relief of bone pain and a fall in serum alkaline phosphatase. Serum acid phosphatase also fell in the two patients with prostate cancer. It is proposed that the marked drop in serum phosphate due to glucagon causes intracellular phosphate to fall. This in turn disrupts the addition and removal of phosphate groups essential for the proper functioning of cyclin and cyclin dependent kinase. These two proteins control the transition from G1 to S (DNA synthesis phase) and G2 to M (mitotic phase) in the dividing cycle of malignant cells. Depriving a tumour of an essential ingredient used in phosphorylation reactions will disrupt its growth. It is also proposed that, by the same mechanism, glucagon induced hypophosphataemia renders malignant cells more sensitive to established chemotherapeutic agents and radiation waves. If this hypothesis proves to be correct, lowering intracellular phosphate may become an useful tool in cancer therapy. However extensive studies are necessary to determine whether mitosis in cancer cells can be advantageously disrupted by glucagon induced hypophosphataemia.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone and Bones; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Glucagon; Humans; Hydroxyproline; Hypophosphatemia, Familial; Insulin; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Mitosis; Models, Theoretical; Neoplasms; Osteitis Deformans; Phosphates; Phosphorylation; Prostatic Neoplasms

Intensive cancer chemotherapy leads to significant bone loss, the underlying mechanism of which remains unclear. The objective of this study was to elucidate mechanisms for effect of the commonly used anti-metabolite methotrexate (MTX) on osteocytes and on general bone homeostasis. The current study in juvenile rats showed that MTX chemotherapy caused a 4.3-fold increase in the number of apoptotic osteocytes in tibial metaphysis, which was accompanied by a 1.8-fold increase in the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive bone resorbing osteoclasts, and a 35% loss of trabecular bone. This was associated with an increase in transcription of the osteoclastogenic cytokines IL-6 (10-fold) and IL-11 (2-fold). Moreover, the metaphyseal bone of MTX-treated animals exhibited a 37.6% increase in the total number of osteocytes, along with 4.9-fold higher expression of the DMP-1 transcript. In cultured osteocyte-like MLO-Y4 cells, MTX treatment significantly increased caspase-3-mediated apoptosis, which was accompanied by the formation of plasma membrane-born apoptotic bodies and an increase in IL-6 (24-fold) and IL-11 (29-fold) mRNA expression. Conditioned media derived from MTX-treated MLO-Y4 cells was twice as strong as untreated media in its capacity to induce osteoclast formation in primary bone marrow osteoclast precursors. Thus, our in vivo and in vitro data suggested that MTX-induced apoptosis of osteocytes caused higher recruitment of DMP-1 positive osteocytes and increased osteoclast formation, which could contribute towards the loss of bone homeostasis in vivo.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Apoptosis; Bone Resorption; Caspase 3; Cell Differentiation; Culture Media, Conditioned; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Homeostasis; Interleukin-11; Interleukin-6; Isoenzymes; Male; Methotrexate; Neoplasms; Osteoclasts; Osteocytes; Osteogenesis; Phosphoproteins; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

Protein-protein interactions and protein complex/aggregate formation play an essential role in almost all biological functions and activities. Through a nanoparticle aggregation immunoassay, we discovered that some proteins are substantially more complexed/aggregated in cancer tissues than normal tissues. This study examined four biomarkers proteins, CA125, CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen), CA19-9 and PAP (prostatic acid phosphatase) in ovarian, colon and prostate tissue lysates. The most exciting results were observed from the PAP assay of prostate tissues: prostate cancer can be clearly distinguished from normal prostate and prostate with benign conditions such as BPH (benign prostate hyperplasia) based on the complex/aggregation level of PAP in prostate tissue lysates. The complex/aggregate level of a protein can be potential biomarkers for cancer detection and diagnosis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antibodies; Biomarkers, Tumor; CA-125 Antigen; CA-19-9 Antigen; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Colonic Neoplasms; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Gold; Humans; Immunoassay; Male; Membrane Proteins; Metal Nanoparticles; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Ovarian Neoplasms; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; Proteins; Sensitivity and Specificity

The role of retinoblastoma protein-interacting zinc finger 1 (RIZ1) in receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation was examined in mouse RAW 264.7 macrophage-like cells. The expression of RIZ1 was significantly augmented by RANKL-treated cells. Silencing of RIZ1 with the siRNA significantly reduced the appearance of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated cells as osteoclasts in RANKL-treated cells. The expression of nuclear factor of activated T cell 1 (NFATc1) as the terminal transcription factor of osteoclast formation was prevented by RIZ1 siRNA. It was suggested that that RIZ1 might participate in RANKL-induced osteoclast formation through the regulation of NFATc1 expression.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Antigens, Differentiation; Bone Resorption; Cell Line; Gene Expression Regulation; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase; Isoenzymes; Macrophages; Mice; Neoplasms; NFATC Transcription Factors; Osteoclasts; RANK Ligand; RNA, Small Interfering; Signal Transduction; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Transcription Factors

G-CSF is a cytokine that stimulates the proliferation and maturation of granulocyte precursor cells. The results of in vitro and in vivo investigations conducted on animal models revealed that this cytokine influences the functions of mature granulocytes increasing the activities of the granulocyte enzymes participating in phagocytosis.. The investigation was conducted on a group of 26 children (age: 1.5-17 years) with cancer who developed neutropenia after chemotherapy and were treated with G-CSF. The control group included 29 healthy children (age: 5-17 years). The heparinized blood samples were taken before the injection of the stimulator (time 0) and after the 2nd and 5th injection of G-CSF (on day 3 and 6). Activities of granulocyte enzymes involved in the process of phagocytosis (myeloperoxidase, acid and alkaline phosphatase and esterase) in blood smears were evaluated.. It has been found that G-CSF affects the activity of granulocyte enzymes by the normalization of decreased values of myeloperoxidase, acid phosphate and increasing the normal values of alkaline phosphate activity. The enzyme activities increased during the following days of treatment.. Based on the obtained results, we can conclude that G-CSF activates the formation of fully competent granulocytes in cytostatic-treated children with various neoplastic diseases.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Alkaline Phosphatase; Antineoplastic Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Enzymes; Esterases; Female; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; Granulocytes; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Neutropenia; Peroxidase; Phagocytosis

This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of two traditionally used Turkish medicinal plants, Camellia sinensis (CS) and Urtica dioica L. (UD), beverages used against chemical carcinogen trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-exposure in rats. The preventive potential of the plant infusions was evaluated by measuring the level of serum marker enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); antioxidant defense systems, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT); and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA) content in various organs of rats. Twenty four healthy rats were randomly allotted into four experimental groups: A (untreated control), B (only TCA-treated), C (TCA+CS treated) and D (TCA+UD treated). At the end of the 50 days, the plant infusions possessed chemoprotective effects, deduced by the remaining TCA-induced increased serum damage marker enzyme, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative system in rats compared with those of the control and TCA-exposed rats. According to the results, while the levels of AST, ALT and CPK increased in group B, no significant changes were observed in groups C and D. The MDA content slightly increased in tissues of all groups, being higher in group B. Antioxidant enzyme activities such as SOD and CAT increased significantly in the brain, liver and kidney of group B while they did not change significantly except for in the kidney in groups C and D. The GSH level and the ancillary enzyme GR activity did not change significantly in organs of all groups. On the other hand, the drug metabolizing enzyme, GST, activity decreased significantly in the brain, liver and kidney of group D while slight changes were observed for the other groups. The results revealed that TCA exposure induced oxidative stress in rat tissues, however, in plant beverage supplemented groups, a significant protective effect of CS and UD against TCA-induced oxidative injury was recorded. Hence, the study revealed that the constituents present in CS and UD impart protection against carcinogenic chemical induced oxidative injury that may result in the development of cancer. Also the observations, along with changes, suggest that both CS and UD may possess preventive potential during a 50-day protective exposure.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Antioxidants; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Camellia sinensis; Creatine Kinase; Lactate Dehydrogenases; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Metabolic Detoxication, Phase II; Neoplasms; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Trichloroacetic Acid; Urtica dioica

The report discusses a study of pyridinoline (Pyd) and deoxypyridinoline (Dpyd) as biochemical markers of bone resorption as well as total bone alkaline phosphatase level (APh) and that of its bone fraction as criteria of osteogenesis in skeletal lesions in breast, prostate and lung cancer and multiple myeloma. The investigation established a significantly enhanced Pyd and Dpyd excretion with urine and increased blood-serum APh levels in skeletal cancers (n = 271) as compared with healthy subjects (n = 173) and patients without bone metastases (n = 94). A case has been made for determination of total excretion of Pyd crosslinks of collagen to diagnose bone metastases. Most pronounced hyperenzymemia was found in prostate cancer which points to the leading role of APh as a bone metastasis marker. Pyd and Dpyd excretion and APh levels were significantly higher among patients multiple metastases with than in those with single bone metastases. The universality of pyridinoline crosslinks as skeletal damage markers has been confirmed by establishing a significant correlation between drug and therapeutic effect for Pyd and Dpyd only, in patients receiving ibandronate.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Amino Acids; Biomarkers, Tumor; Bone and Bones; Bone Neoplasms; Bone Remodeling; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Female; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Osteoporosis; Reference Values

Standard identification systems usually ensure that biopsy material is correctly associated with a given patient. Sometimes, as when a tumor is unexpectedly found, the provenance (proof of origin) of a tissue sample may be questioned; the tissue may have been mislabelled or contaminated with tissue from another patient. Techniques used to confirm tissue provenance include comparing either tissue markers of gender or ABO blood groups; however, these methods have weak confirmatory power. Recently, the use of DNA-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques has been reported. Paired, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, 10 microns tissue sections were selected from 17 patients, 8 of whom had carcinoma, either by dividing a biopsy section, using sequential biopsies, or sequential biopsy and autopsy tissue. The resulting 36 samples were coded before analysis. In two additional cases, 1-mm fragments of tumor from one patient were included in the tissue block of benign tissue from another patient, the tumor fragments were identified on hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained sections, separately scraped off the glass slide, and analyzed. Tissue from two clinical cases, one of suspected mislabelling and one with a suspected carry-over of malignant tissue were also investigated. Short tandem repeat sequences (STR) or microsatellites, are 2-5 base pair repeats that vary in their repeat number between individuals. This variation (polymorphism) can be assessed using a PCR. A panel of markers of 3 STRs; ACPP, INT 2, and CYP 19 (on chromosomes 3, 11, and 15, respectively) were used. DNA was isolated from the samples after xylene deparaffinization and proteinase digestion, and was then amplified in a radioactive PCR using primers selected to give a product size ranging from 136-178 bases. Amplified products were electrophoresed on denaturing polyacrylamide gels, dried, and autoradiographed. DNA segments were successfully extracted from all samples but one, which was fixed in Bouin's fluid. By comparing allele sizes from the panel, all tissue pairs (other than the Bouin's pair) were successfully matched, the 1-mm tumor fragments were correctly assigned, and the two clinical problems were solved. STRs are highly informative and robust markers, well suited to PCR of small portions of tissue sections, and are an effective method to confirm the provenance of benign and malignant biopsy and autopsy material.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Alleles; Aromatase; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy; Diagnostic Errors; DNA Primers; DNA, Neoplasm; Female; Fibroblast Growth Factor 3; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Humans; Male; Microsatellite Repeats; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Proto-Oncogene Proteins; Specimen Handling

Immunohistochemical studies were done on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues to evaluate the specificity of a newly developed monoclonal antibody (9C5) against tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. Sections from 195 specimens were examined, which included 33 types of tissues/organs. These tissues included normal, inflammatory, and neoplastic processes. Neoplastic tissues from 14 patients with hairy cell leukemia served as positive controls. Epitope enhancement was accomplished either by microwave irradiation in citrate buffer or by boiling in water followed by trypsin digestion. Tissues were reacted with monoclonal antibody 9C5 and stained with either the avidin-biotin peroxidase method or the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase method. The hairy cells of all cases of hairy cell leukemia reacted positively with 9C5. Other positively stained cells included osteoclasts, activated macrophages and giant cells. Immunohistochemical studies with 9C5, when interpreted within the context of the specificity of this antibody, are useful for the diagnosis and assessment of treatment results for hairy cell leukemia. Monoclonal antibody 9C5 also may be useful as a marker for osteoclasts and the activated macrophages and for the diagnosis of disorders involved by these cells.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibody Specificity; Biomarkers, Tumor; Hematopoiesis; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Inflammation; Isoenzymes; Kupffer Cells; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Macrophages; Neoplasms; Reference Values; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

This paper reports the results of studies on the possible role of biochemical markers in monitoring the effects of ionizing radiations and in the follow-up of cancer patients submitted to radiotherapy. Three different case series were analyzed: patients with head and neck cancer, prostate carcinoma and residual thyroid tumors or uptaking metastases (131-Iodine therapy). Serum TPA and amylase were serially determined in patients with head and neck or thyroid cancer to measure the radiation damage to the salivary glands. In the former group a statistically significant correlation between the increase of both molecules and the total dose administered after the first day of treatment (2, 3, 4 or 6 Gy) was observed. In patients treated for thyroid cancer the damage to the salivary glands was revealed by an increase in TPA and amylase serum levels, dependent on the dose of 131-Iodine administered. Moreover, an association was demonstrated between pretreatment values of TPA in patients with head and neck tumors and prognosis: patients with values below the cutoff have significantly higher survival rates than those with higher values. In patients with prostate carcinoma PSA was confirmed to have better diagnostic and prognostic value than PAP. Patients with metastases show an inversion or lack of negative trend in PSA levels observed in the disease-free patients. This precedes the clinical diagnosis of metastases by 1 to 15 months.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; alpha-Amylases; Antigens, Neoplasm; Biomarkers, Tumor; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Peptides; Prognosis; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Thyroid Neoplasms; Tissue Polypeptide Antigen

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate acid phosphatase (PAP) were assayed using a radioimmunologic method in 306 patients from November 1986 through April 1987. Study patients included 10 women, 10 men under forty years of age, 25 patients with malignancies involving structures other than the prostate, and 280 patients with diseases of the prostate ie. benign hypertrophy of the prostate (BHP) (n = 170), or histologically-proved carcinoma of the prostate (CaP) (n = 110). Serum PSA levels were undetectable in women and following total prostatectomy; levels of 3 ng/ml were found in young men, with no circadian variations. Non-prostatic carcinomas had no influence on PSA levels. PSA levels in BHP patients were 6.9 +/- 8.4 ng/ml and correlated positively with the weight of the gland. In patients with carcinoma of the prostate, PSA levels were 24.4 +/- 19.3 ng/ml, correlated positively with tumor spread, and returned to normal following successful palliative hormone treatment, with new increases reflecting recurrences. PSA assays are of little value for screening for carcinoma of the prostate; however carcinoma of the prostate is found in 70% of patients with inconsiderable BHP and PSA levels above 15 ng/ml. PSA is mainly useful for monitoring patients with carcinoma of the prostate. No patient with BHP had marked elevations of PAP, whereas high PAP levels were found in 26% of patients with carcinoma of the prostate. Eighty-eight per cent of patients with carcinoma of the prostate had increased PAS levels, which were the only finding in 48 cases. No patient with carcinoma of the prostate had increased PAP levels with normal PSA levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Antigens, Neoplasm; Biomarkers, Tumor; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Prognosis; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radioimmunoassay

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; alpha-Fetoproteins; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Catecholamines; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasms; Polyamines; Prognosis

The practical application of commercially available immunoperoxidase kits for prostatic specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic specific acid phosphatase (PSPH) were blindly evaluated on routinely formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissue from 95 consecutive cases of prostatic carcinoma, 10 cases of metastases from prostatic carcinoma and 90 cases of primary or metastatic non prostatic carcinoma. Both Kits showed a diagnostic specificity of 100%. The diagnostic sensitivities were 94% (PSA) and 90% (PSPH) respectively, but concomitantly staining for PSA and PSPH improved the diagnostic sensitivity to 99%. Using the histologic grading system of Gleason both markers showed a tendency to less extensive staining in low differentiated prostatic carcinomas. It is concluded that both Kits are highly specific and highly sensitive, but negative reaction in medium or low differentiated adenocarcinomas does not rule out the possibility of prostatic carcinoma.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antigens, Neoplasm; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Neoplasms; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic

CB3717 is a quinazoline antifolate whose cytotoxic activity is mediated by inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS). A phase I clinical trial commenced in September 1981 and 99 patients have received 296 treatments. Doses were dissolved in 0.15 mol/L NaHCO3 (pH 9.0) at a concentration of 4 mg/mL infused over one hour or in a total volume of 1 L infused over 12 hours. Doses were repeated every 3 weeks. The starting dose of 140 mg/m2 was escalated to 600 mg/m2. Renal toxicity, detected by a decrease in the 51Cr EDTA clearance, was dose-related and occurred in seven of ten patients receiving greater than 450 mg/m2. Reversible hepatic toxicity often associated with malaise occurred in 223 of 288 assessable courses (77%). Fifty-nine courses (20%) were associated with increases in alanine transaminase (ALT) levels to greater than 2.5 times the upper limit of the normal laboratory range. Increases in alkaline phosphatase levels also occurred, but were less marked. The severity and prevalence of these elevations were unaffected by the duration of the infusion. A self-limiting rash appeared in 12 patients and a radiation recall reaction was seen in two. Leukopenia developed in 17 patients (WBC less than 3 X 10(9)/L), and thrombocytopenia occurred in six patients (platelets less than 100 X 10(9)/L). The mean leucocyte nadir occurred on day 10 and was followed by recovery at 11 to 19 days. Neither the incidence nor the severity of any of these latter toxicities was dose related. The maximum tolerated dose was in the region of 600 mg/m2 with renal toxicity being dose limiting, although the inter-patient variation did not allow a precise definition. Seventy-six patients were evaluable for response. Responses occurred at doses greater than or equal to 200 mg/m2 and were ovary, one complete response (CR), one partial response (PR), seven minor responses (MR) in 30 cases; breast, two PRs and one MR in eight cases; adenocarcinoma of the lung, one MR in 5 cases; mesothelioma, one PR in five cases; and colon, two MRs in four cases. CB3717 has activity in heavily pretreated patients. The recommended phase II dose for good-risk patients is 400 mg/m2 using the one-hour infusion schedule of administration.

Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Acid Phosphatase; Alanine Transaminase; Antineoplastic Agents; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Evaluation; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Antagonists; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Hematologic Diseases; Hyperbilirubinemia; Kidney Diseases; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Neoplasms; Quinazolines; Skin Diseases; Thymidylate Synthase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Nigeria; Prostate; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radioimmunoassay; Schistosomiasis haematobia

Six rhabdomyosarcomas were assessed by means of a battery of enzyme histochemical methods. The reactions were compared with those of a small number of other tumours belonging to the small-cell tumour category. Four of the rhabdomyosarcomas were positive for myophosphorylase and acetylcholinesterase. Myoblasts were strongly reactive for adenosine triphosphatase at alkaline pH and after acid pre-incubation, whereas the small undifferentiated neoplastic cell of the four alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas showed also discernible cytoplasmic reaction, but only after acid pre-incubation. Other tumour categories revealed positive staining for adenosine triphosphatase with acid pre-incubation but the degree of reaction was minimal by comparison. Other enzyme reactions were variable and, generally, did not distinguish between different tumour categories. It is concluded that enzyme histochemistry has a potential role in the diagnostic evaluation of the small cell tumour and should be included in the growing list of special techniques that may assist the pathologist confronted with this problem.

Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Infant; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Male; Neoplasms; Rhabdomyosarcoma; Soft Tissue Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Blood Specimen Collection; Chemistry, Clinical; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Prostatic Neoplasms

Patients with various malignancies are characterized by decreased numbers of intact acid phosphatase-positive lysosomes within the peripheral blood lymphocytes as compared to the control groups of healthy subjects.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Lymphocytes; Lysosomes; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Precancerous Conditions

In 132 patients suffering from various malignancies, including uterine carcinoma, breast cancer, gastric carcinoma, cancer of the colon, and additionally, patients with uterine myomas and endometriosis an increased activity of AP within the peripheral blood neutrophils could be stated by using a histochemical method. According to the author's opinion an increased activity of that enzyme reflects a response against local inflammatory processes frequently accompanying malignant tumours.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Breast Neoplasms; Colonic Neoplasms; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Leiomyoma; Male; Neoplasms; Neutrophils; Stomach Neoplasms; Uterine Neoplasms

An analysis of the diagnosis accuracy of malignant gastric, rectal, liver and prostatic tumors was performed with relation to the sensitivity and specificity of radioimmunological and immunoenzyme commercial kits of reagents manufactured by different companies and used to determine the concentration of the carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein and acid phosphatase of the prostate. With an increase of the test specificity its diagnostic sensitivity decreases, i.e. the percentage of false-negative results increases. The use of highly specific monoclonal antibodies in serological tests results in a marked decrease of the accuracy of tumor diagnosis. The author thinks it necessary to strictly determine indications for the use of the serological and immunodiagnostic kits: for the identification of risk populations, early diagnosis of tumors, differential diagnosis or the monitoring of patients.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; alpha-Fetoproteins; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Diagnosis, Differential; False Negative Reactions; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Neoplasms; Prostate; Radioimmunoassay

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Humans; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms

A capture immunoenzyme assay (CIEA) for prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) was developed and used to study the stability of this isoenzyme. Immunospecifically purified goat antibodies to PAP were covalently bound to special discs and used to capture the enzyme in serum samples in a weakly acidic medium during the first incubation (2 h) at 37 degrees C. The capture enzyme was then measured by its catalytic activity with p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate during the second incubation (1 h) at 37 degrees C. As much as 98% of the PAP in test specimens was captured and measured by this CIEA. The test results were expressed as enzymatic activity (U/l), extrapolated from a standard curve which was linear between 0.026 and 70 U/l. In test sera stored at 4 degrees C, the PAP was variably stable for 7 to 70 days, but the enzyme was quite stable in serum when stored at -20 degrees C for at least 156 days. At room temperature, when the sera were appropriately acidified, there was no loss of enzymatic activity for periods of 15 days, and in some cases, a large proportion of activity was still intact after 70 days. At 4 degrees C, as well as -20 degrees C, acidified serum and the partially purified PAP standard showed complete stability for at least 7 months. The CIEA reactivity of positive test specimens was inhibited by L(+)-tartaric acid, but not by cupric sulfate. The acid phosphatases of blood cell extracts were non-reactive in the CIEA procedure. The CIEA results of 224 serum samples from patients with and without prostate cancer correlated very well with those obtained by two direct enzymatic and two commercial RIA procedures, with correlation coefficients between 0.960 and 0.993, and diagnostic agreement between 86% and 100%.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Cold Temperature; Drug Stability; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Neoplasms; Nitrophenols; Organophosphorus Compounds; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Time Factors

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antibodies, Neoplasm; Antigens, Neoplasm; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Intermediate Filament Proteins; Lymphatic Metastasis; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acrylic Resins; Esterases; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Membranes, Artificial; Methods; Neoplasms; Oxidoreductases

Glycosidases were determined in the supernatant from normal, benign, premalignant, and cancerous human tissue. The total enzyme activities of alpha-fucosidase, hexosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, and acid phosphatase in both malignant tumors and tissues with premalignant lesions were significantly greater than those in normal tissues, whereas a very low enzyme activity alteration in benign lesions was observed. The least specific enzyme alteration was aryl sulfatase, which was elevated in only 58% of the tissues with malignancies and in 19% of the tissues with benign lesions. Nearly 90% of tissues with premalignant lesions had simultaneously elevated levels of two or more enzymes whereas only 5% of the control tissues had simultaneously elevated alpha-fucosidase, hexosaminidase, and acid phosphatase activity. Present results indicate that acid glycosidases have high activity in both premalignant and malignant human tissues.

Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Acid Phosphatase; alpha-L-Fucosidase; Female; Glycoside Hydrolases; Humans; Neoplasms; Organ Specificity; Precancerous Conditions; Tissue Distribution

This report evaluates a new immunoradiometric assay for prostatic acid phosphatase in serum, based on a dual monoclonal antibody reaction system (Hybritech-TANDEM). A solidphase antibody binds the acid phosphatase molecule and a second monoclonal antibody to a different antigenic site serves as the 125I-radiolabel. The method was tested on 67 patients with various stages of prostatic carcinoma and 134 patients without the disease. It also was compared with a conventional polyclonal radioimmunoassay (NEN) and an enzymatic activity method (duPont aca). The upper limit for the TANDEM assay on nondiseased male patients was found to be 2.0 microgram/L. Based on this upper limit of normal, the diagnostic sensitivity of the method for all cases of prostatic carcinoma was 60%. We could not distinguish the enzyme released in abnormal amounts due to benign prostatic hypertrophy and certain nonprostatic malignant diseases from that of prostatic carcinoma. The diagnostic specificity was calculated at 95%. For the clinically undetectable Stage 1 disease, sensitivity was 44% (four abnormal values out of nine cases). The TANDEM procedure is simple to use and reproducible.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Female; Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Prostate; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radioimmunoassay; Semen

Aside from imaging techniques several (radio-)immunological analyses are used for tumor diagnosis. Oncofetal antigens, for instance the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), have become the most important substances for many malignancies. However, nearly all of the so-called tumor markers are not suitable for early diagnosis or screening either because of low sensitivity or low tumor specificity. On the other hand follow-up measurements give a very sensitive index of the success of treatment and may indicate tumor progression when other signs are still not present. In some carcinomas and under some clinical circumstances tumor specific markers are available and mandatory for detection and/or staging: AFP in hepatoma, acid phosphatase in metastasizing carcinoma of the prostate and serum thyreoglobulin in differentiated thyroid cancer.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; alpha-Fetoproteins; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens, Neoplasm; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Female; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Radioimmunoassay

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Humans; Immunologic Techniques; Male; Neoplasms; Prostate; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radioimmunoassay

The peroxidase-anti-peroxidase technique was used to stain for prostate specific acid phosphatase and prostate specific antigen in 12 patients with primary tumors and in 12 patients with metastases in whom the nature of the tumor was in doubt after routine histopathological studies. Nine of the primary tumors were positive for both markers and an additional 2 tumors stained for prostate specific antigen only. Six metastatic lesions stained for both markers and a seventh for prostate specific antigen alone. Thus, 11 of 12 primary tumors and 7 of 12 metastases studied were proved to be of prostatic orgin. While the peroxidase staining was sometimes weak and uneven this method, using prostate specific antigen and prostate specific acid phosphatase, allowed for ready identification of metastases. The heterogeneity of the tumors in regard to these 2 prostate markers is demonstrated, and the value of staining for prostate specific acid phosphatase and prostate specific antigen is emphasized.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Antigens; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; alpha-Fetoproteins; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Immunoassay; Male; Neoplasms; Prostate

Over the past year, we have attempted to grow both primary and metastatic urologic malignancies using a recently developed human tumor cloning system. Formation of colonies in vitro occurred in 125 of 164 primary tumors (76%), including 34 of 47 uroepithelial cancer specimens, 45 of 50 renal cell cancer specimens, 24 of 33 prostatic cancer specimens, and 22 of 34 testicular cancer specimens. A large percentage of metastatic cancers have also been successfully cultured. Growth sufficient for chemosensitivity testing ranged from 43% of the uroepithelial cancers cultured to 64% of the renal cell cancer specimens cultured. When in vitro chemosensitivity testing was performed, the in vitro chemosensitivity results show a striking similarity to clinical response rates for the same agents used for these tumors. Overall the human tumor cloning system appears to be a reasonable model for the study of human urologic malignancies.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Agar; alpha-Fetoproteins; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Count; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human; Clone Cells; Cytological Techniques; Drug Resistance; Genital Neoplasms, Male; Humans; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Peptide Fragments; Urologic Neoplasms

Forty-five human malignant tumours and three benign lesions were stained histochemically for non-specific esterase (NSE) and acid phosphatase (AP), and immunohistochemically for lysozyme. Most of the tumours contained small numbers of lysozyme positive macrophages (LPM), but colonic tumours showed moderate numbers of LPM around the edge of the lesions. Gastric and secondary duodenal tumours (n = 3) contained moderate numbers of intralesional LPM in addition. Most squamous and all mesenchymal tumours contained no lysozyme positive macrophages. The usefulness of the three staining methods was assessed and it was concluded that lysozyme was specific but detected only part of the macrophage population. Neutrophil polymorphs were also stained but could be recognised by nuclear morphology. AP and NSE detected more cells but stained tumour cells as well as macrophages, making these methods of limited use in tumours showing invasion of the stroma by single cells or small groups of cells.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Count; Esterases; Female; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Macrophages; Male; Muramidase; Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Breast Neoplasms; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Diagnosis, Differential; Dysgerminoma; Female; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lymphoma; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Osteosarcoma; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Testicular Neoplasms

The human prostatic acid phosphatase is a specific marker for the prostatic epithelial cells. By using an immunoperoxidase staining method for this enzyme, it is possible both to identify the prostatic epithelial cells and to recognize the prostatic origin of metastatic lesions of prostate cancer. Of the tissues containing prostatic epithelial cells from 120 patients, positive staining reaction was detected in 114 (95%), and negative in 6. In nonprostatic tissues from 242 patients, weak but positive staining reaction was detected in 8 (3.3%), including tissues from one renal cell carcinoma and 7 breast carcinomas. Of 27 patients in whom tumor tissues were tested at a time when tumor origin was unknown, the staining reaction was positive in 14 patients later found to have prostate cancer. It was negative in 6 patients with nonprostatic carcinoma and 7 patients with carcinoma of unknown primary. Although this immunohistochemical technique for prostatic acid phosphatase appears promising in diagnosing metastatic prostate cancer, its clinical significance and limitations remain unclear, and there are considerable technical problems yet to be solved. These problems are best approached by joint collaborative efforts of the various investigators interested in prostate cancer.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Epithelium; Female; Humans; Immune Sera; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Neoplasms; Organ Specificity; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms

Activated macrophages have the capacity of selectively injure neoplastic cells. Morphological observations by others suggest that the final effectors of macrophage-mediated tumor cytotoxicity are lysosomes of activated macrophage origin which are translocated directly into susceptible target cells. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively determine if elevated levels of specific lysosomal activity are present in tumor cells exposed to activated macrophages in vitro. Effector macrophages were obtained from the peritoneal cavities of A/BiF/F50+ and C3H/HeN(MTV-) glucan-treated mice in which the mammary tumor virus is negative. Target cells were tumorigenic and nontumorigenic fibroblast cell lines derived from the same two strains. Macrophage-dependent target cell cytotoxicity was quantitated using [3H]thymidine incorporation inhibition and 51Cr postlabeling assays. Tumor lysosome activity was quantitated using newly developed microspectrophotometric assays for the lysosomal hydrolase acid phosphatase and for the lysosomotropic probe acridine orange. The results demonstrate that the specific lysosomal activity of tumor target cells correlates directly with the degree of tumor cytotoxicity generated by effector macrophages. Interestingly, this macrophage-induced elevation of tumor lysosome activity does not appear to represent the acquisition of macrophage-derived organelles; rather, it appears to represent an increase in the number or size of intact, endogenous tumor lysosomes due to macrophage-dependent reduction of tumor cell density. This finding suggest that clinically proven tumor growth-reducing regimens such as host macrophage activation may be useful adjuncts to cancer therapies designed to selectively promote and labilize tumor cell lysosomes.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acridine Orange; Animals; Cell Line; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Female; Lysosomes; Macrophages; Mice; Neoplasms; Sarcoma, Experimental

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Humans; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Neoplasms; Prognosis

We compare the double-antibody radioimmunoassay (RIA) and immunoenzyme assay (IEA) for measuring the concentration of prostatic acid phosphatase in human serum. Experimental details and assay performance of the two methods are outlined. Mean values for 385 normal persons were 1.02 (SD 1.32) microgram/L by IEA, 2.69 (SD 1.8) microgram/L by RIA. Results of the two methods was highly correlated [r = 0.9813, y(RIA) = 0.35 x (IEA) + 0.42, p < 0.001]. If we choose x- + 2 SD as the normal range, 3-10% false positives were seen.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Fetal Blood; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Infant, Newborn; Male; Neoplasms; Pregnancy; Prostate; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radioimmunoassay; Reference Values

During the past 30 years, the rapidly developing and changing concepts and technology of the discipline of immunobiology have been applied to studies in oncology. After the definitive demonstration of so-called tumor-specific transplantation antigens in chemically and virally induced tumors in syngeneic rodent and murine species, numerous efforts were then directed toward the demonstration of comparable materials in human tumors. After a number of false starts in an overzealous search for a marker that would serve as a panacea for human cancer diagnosis, more rational approaches have been taken to the problem and valuable information from the points of view of both the cell biologist and clinical oncologist has been forthcoming. The present paper presents an overview of human tumor antigens as biological markers of tumor growth. Reference is made to the fact that normally occurring biological materials of known function that are qualitatively and/or quantitatively altered during the process of malignant transformation may be most useful in the diagnosis and management of the cancer patient. The role of the presently available radioimmunoassays for carcinoembryonic antigen in clinical medicine is outlined.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Antigens, Neoplasm; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Choriocarcinoma; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Galactosyltransferases; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Male; Neoplasms; Nucleotidyltransferases; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radioimmunoassay

Recently developed enzyme tests that are used in (a) identifying high risk populations, (b) diagnosing cancer, (c) following treatment response of cancer patients, and (d) the selection of cancer therapy are summarized. The diagnostic role of methionine adenosyltransferase and CSF monoamine oxidase activity measurements in the diagnosis of schizophrenia are discussed. The role of N-acetyltransferase in the conversion of serotonin to melatonin in the pineal gland and the importance of these changes for the synchronization of the functioning of cells throughout the organism are described. New developments in the determination of immunoreactive trypsin in the early diagnosis of pancreatic diseases are summarized.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase; Breast Neoplasms; Chemistry, Clinical; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Female; Galactosyltransferases; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Staging; Neoplasms; Pancreatitis; Pineal Gland; Prostatic Neoplasms; Schizophrenia; Sialyltransferases; Trypsin

A human immunoglobulin that binds prostatic acid phosphatases (PAP) was isolated from the serum of normal individuals by affinity chromatography using a PAP-Sepharose solid adsorbent. The yield of isolated protein, termed PAP-binding globulin (PAPBG), ranged from 4.7 to 16.3 microgram/ml serum. As shown by immunoelectrophoresis, PAPBG is a gamma-globin of restricted electrophoretic heterogeneity. PAPBG was shown to bind radiolabeled PAP by radioimmune precipitation, and an association constant of 5.0 x 10(4) M-1 was calculated. As determined by immunofluorescence, PAPBG was shown to react with human prostatic tumor cell lines. No binding was detected to other tumor cells examined including those from cultures of human breast, thyroid, pancreas, or normal fibroblasts.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antigen-Antibody Complex; Cell Line; Chromatography, Affinity; Counterimmunoelectrophoresis; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Male; Neoplasms; Prostatic Neoplasms; Protein Binding

A solid-phase immunoadsorbent assay for serum prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) measurement has been developed as modified from our previously reported immunofluoroassay, utilizing the specific anti-PAP antibodies conjugated to CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B. The serum prostatic acid phosphatase was bound, and separated from other acid phosphatases and serum proteins, by the solid-phase anti-PAP IgG Sepharose 4B. The enzyme activity was quantitated by measuring the enzyme hydrolytic product, alpha-naphthol, from a primary standard solution. The entire procedure could be performed within four hours. The sensitivity of this method was 0.22 I.U./l of enzyme activity or 0.88 ng of prostatic acic phosphatase protein per ml of serum. Normal range of serum prostatic acid phosphatase as determined by this assay was found to be 0.4--2.4 I.U./l of enzyme activity (or 1.60--9.60 ng of enzyme protein per ml of serum). Initial clinical evaluation showed that 19 of 25 patients with early stages of prostatic cancer and 12 of 14 patients with metastatic prostatic cancer exhibited an elevated enzyme level (overall 79%), as compared with only six and eight patients, respectively (overall 36%), by a conventional chemical method.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Immunoassay; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Neoplasms; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Reference Values

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adrenalectomy; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Breast Neoplasms; Castration; Estrogens; Female; Fibrinolysin; Hormones; Humans; Hypophysectomy; Male; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Phosphorus; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Prostatic Neoplasms; Semen

HeLa cells in culture do not accumulate ascorbic acid unless ascorbic acid or dehydroascorbic acid is available in the medium. Collagen peptidase corresponding to the activity found in the invasive zone of tumours, and acid phosphatase, in HeLa cells cultured under normal conditions, are unaffected by ascorbic acid, but are reduced in cells deprived of carbohydrate. These reduced collagen-peptidase levels, but not acid phosphatase, are restored to the values of normal HeLa cells by ascorbic acid. The relevance of these findings is considered in the context of tumour growth and spread.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Ascorbic Acid; Dehydroascorbic Acid; Glucose; HeLa Cells; Microbial Collagenase; Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antibody Specificity; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Male; Neoplasms; Prostatic Neoplasms; Sepharose

A solid phase radioimmunoassay for human prostatic acid phosphatase has demonstrated substantially greater biochemical sensitivity than a standard enzymatic method for which p-nitrophenylphosphate was used as substrate. Preliminary data indicate that the radioimmunochemical approach can precisely classify 43% stage I-II and 94% stage III-IV prostate cancers. In contrast, the standard enzymatic methods correctly classified only 9% stage I-II and 46% stage III-IV cancers. It is clinically apparent that a radioimmunochemical approach for the measurement of human prostatic phosphatase may have distinct potential in the clinical diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Diagnostic Errors; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radioimmunoassay

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acridines; Exudates and Transudates; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Neoplasms; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Female; Glucuronidase; Humans; Lymphocytes; Lysosomes; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms

The splenic mouse parenchyma presents 3 reticular cells types revealed by histo-enzymatic technics: the phagocytic cells show a strong phosphatasic acid activity, the endothelial cells possess a phosphatasic alcalin or adenosine-triphosphatasic reaction, the perithelial cells are 5' nucleotidasic. These different cells are distributed by forming specific topographic structures in the splenic tissue. The phosphatasic alcalin reticular cells seem to be, with their distribution, characteristic elements of mouse spleen. Indeed the modifications in tumoral animal interest chiefly this cell category. In this case, the reticular cells form a deep and large membrane between marginal zone and perivascular lymphoid sheath of the white pulp. These different reticular cells probably react for the defense system of the animal.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Female; Male; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental; Mice; Neoplasms; Spleen

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Cathepsins; Electron Transport Complex IV; Female; Glucose; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glucuronidase; Hexokinase; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leucine; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Proteins; Muscles; Neoplasm Proteins; Neoplasms; Phosphofructokinase-1; Phosphorylases; RNA, Neoplasm

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Arteriosclerosis; Cholesterol; Daunorubicin; DNA; Ethidium; Heart; Humans; Hydrolases; Lysosomes; Mice; Muscles; Neoplasms; Parasitic Diseases; Pinocytosis; Rabbits; Subcellular Fractions; Trypanosoma cruzi; Trypanosomiasis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Enzyme Activation; Female; Lysosomes; Mammary Glands, Animal; Methotrexate; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Neoplasms; Oxygen; Testosterone

Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), and acid and alkaline phosphatase activities in bone marrow and in cubital vein serum were compared. For patients without cancer, marrow serum LDH attained levels four times as high, and GOT and alkaline phosphatase, levels twice as high as those normal for cubital vein serum; levels of acid phosphatase were the same for both sources. For patients with cancer, significant increase of enzyme levels over reference levels depends on the tumor origin and on the presence and localization of metastases. Marrow enzyme levels may become elevated with or without concurrent elevation in cubital vein serum. Concurrent elevations were found with colonic carcinoma and lymphoid leukemia, and noncurrent elevations, with prostatic cancer, myeloid leukemia, and myeloma. A nonconcurrent elevation of marrow enzymes indicates that the origin of the enzyme is in the marrow, whereas with concurrent elevation, the source of the enzyme may be another organ.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bone Marrow; Colonic Neoplasms; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukemia; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Neoplasms; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukemia; Liver Neoplasms; Muramidase; Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukocytes; Lipids; Neoplasms; Neutrophils; RNA

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; alpha-Fetoproteins; Bence Jones Protein; Female; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase; Gonadotropins; Hexosamines; Humans; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Neoplasms; Pregnancy; Vanilmandelic Acid

In exsudate cells separated from serous body cavities of 29 tumour patients and 30 patients with inflammatory and congestive effusion in cardiac failure or liver cirrhosis respectively the activities of acid and alkaline phosphatase were determined. In addition to sudanophilia the cell content of glycogen and that of ribonucleinic acid were evaluated. By means of cytochemical findings it could be found that an increase of unspecific esterase, acid phosphatase and ribonucleic acid in atypical cells points to a malignous ethiology of the exudate.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Ascitic Fluid; Esterases; Exudates and Transudates; Glycogen; Heart Failure; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia; Liver Cirrhosis; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Neoplasms; Peritonitis; Pleural Effusion; Pleurisy; RNA

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Cell Line; Cell Membrane; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase; Electron Transport Complex IV; Epithelium; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Glucuronidase; In Vitro Techniques; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Mesenchymoma; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microscopy, Electron; Mitochondria; Neoplasms; Nucleotidases; Phosphoglucomutase; Phosphorylases; Sarcoma; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bacterial Infections; Carbon Isotopes; Citric Acid Cycle; Glucose; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glutathione Reductase; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Neoplasms; Neutrophils; Osteomyelitis; Oxygen Consumption; Peroxidases; Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase; Pyruvate Kinase; Tetrazolium Salts; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Virus Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Esterases; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia; Lipids; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Methods; Neoplasms; Peroxidases; Polysaccharides; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Sex Chromatin; Skin Neoplasms; Staining and Labeling; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Cachexia; Carcinoma; Cathepsins; Female; Gallbladder Diseases; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Liver Neoplasms; Lymphatic Metastasis; Lysosomes; Male; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Muscles; Neoplasms; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Peptic Ulcer

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Chromomycins; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Fluorouracil; Humans; Male; Mechlorethamine; Methotrexate; Mice; Middle Aged; Mitomycins; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental; Rats; Stomach Neoplasms; Vincristine

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Diseases; Bone Marrow; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Liver; Liver Diseases; Male; Neoplasms; Parathyroid Glands; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Spleen

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acridines; Adenocarcinoma; Argon; Cell Line; Cell Nucleus; Colonic Neoplasms; Culture Techniques; Cytoplasm; Female; Fibroma; Histocytochemistry; Hot Temperature; Lasers; Lysosomes; Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; Neoplasms; Photosensitivity Disorders; Radiation Effects; Staining and Labeling; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Bronchial Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Esterases; Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukocytes; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Melanoma; Neoplasms; Peroxidases; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Rectal Neoplasms; Sarcoma; Staining and Labeling; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Testicular Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Humans; Leukocytes; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Postoperative Complications; Time Factors

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alanine Transaminase; Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Humans; Injections, Intra-Arterial; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Malate Dehydrogenase; Male; Methods; Neoplasms; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Transaminases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bilirubin; Colonic Neoplasms; Esophageal Neoplasms; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Leukemia, Myeloid; Liver Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Male; Neoplasms; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phosphatidylinositols; Phospholipids; Prostatic Neoplasms; Rectal Neoplasms; Sphingolipids; Stomach Neoplasms; Thyroid Neoplasms; Triglycerides; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; Histocytochemistry; Lipids; Lysosomes; Macrophages; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Neoplasms; Peritoneal Cavity; Phagocytosis; Radiation Effects; Spleen; Time Factors

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Biliary Tract Diseases; Blood Platelets; Bone and Bones; Breast Neoplasms; Erythrocytes; False Positive Reactions; Female; Formaldehyde; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Liver; Liver Diseases; Male; Neoplasms; Phenolphthaleins; Phosphates; Prostate; Prostatic Diseases; Prostatic Neoplasms; Tartrates

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Congo Red; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Humans; Liver; Male; Methods; Mice; Middle Aged; Mononuclear Phagocyte System; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental; Prognosis; Rats; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Tetrazolium Salts

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Copper; Fibrinogen; Humans; Liver; Mass Screening; Methods; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Prothrombin; Time Factors; Transaminases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Anemia; Animals; Bacterial Infections; Blood Cell Count; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Female; Gastroenteritis; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Neoplasms; Neutrophils; Rabbits; Virus Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Male; Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cell Nucleus; Cytoplasm; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Fishes; Golgi Apparatus; Histiocytes; Jaw Neoplasms; Lymphatic Diseases; Microscopy, Electron; Mitochondria; Mouth Neoplasms; Neoplasms; Phagocytosis; Ribosomes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Biopsy; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Colorimetry; Esophageal Neoplasms; Female; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Intestinal Neoplasms; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Leukemia; Liver Neoplasms; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Melanoma; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Neoplasms; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Prostatic Neoplasms; Tongue Neoplasms; Urogenital Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bile Acids and Salts; Bone Neoplasms; Electrophoresis; Histidine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kidney; Liver; Male; Neoplasms; Nucleotidases; Organ Specificity; Phenylalanine; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenoma; Animals; Cytoplasmic Granules; D-Amino-Acid Oxidase; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Histocytochemistry; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Neoplasms; Oxidoreductases; Perianal Glands; Urate Oxidase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antigens; Brain; Deoxyribonucleases; Encephalomyelitis; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Neoplasms; Nerve Tissue; Neurons; Phospholipases; Ribonucleases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Glucuronidase; Humans; Male; Meningitis; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cell Membrane; Clone Cells; Culture Techniques; Cytoplasm; Cytoplasmic Granules; Esterases; Fluorometry; Histocytochemistry; Lysosomes; Mast Cells; Mice; Microscopy, Electron; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Neoplasms; Rats; Reserpine; Serotonin

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Carcinoma; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Cytodiagnosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Esterases; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Arteriosclerosis; Bronchiectasis; Celiac Plexus; Collagen Diseases; Dogs; Emphysema; Ganglia, Autonomic; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Infections; Liver Cirrhosis; Neoplasms; Synapses; Tuberculosis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Choriocarcinoma; Duodenal Neoplasms; Esophageal Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Pregnancy; Stomach Neoplasms; Tongue Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adult; Aged; Cobalt Isotopes; Erythrocytes; Female; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glutathione Reductase; Humans; Hydro-Lyases; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Neuraminic Acids; Nucleotides; Phosphotransferases; Radiotherapy, High-Energy

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Marrow Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Heart Diseases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukocytes; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Thyroid Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Humans; Leukocytes; Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Brain Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Esterases; Female; Granulation Tissue; Granuloma, Giant Cell; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Hydrolases; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Neoplasms; Ovarian Neoplasms; Oxidoreductases; Rats

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Geriatrics; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Prostatic Neoplasms; Urine

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Isoenzymes; Lymph Nodes; Lymphadenitis; Lymphatic Metastasis; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Neoplasms; Sarcoma; Syphilis; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Carcinoma; Colonic Neoplasms; Coloring Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Histocytochemistry; Histological Techniques; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphoma; Male; Melanoma; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Pathology; Prostatic Neoplasms; Rhabdomyosarcoma; Sarcoma; Staining and Labeling; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Benz(a)Anthracenes; Catalase; Cell Physiological Phenomena; Electrons; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Histocytochemistry; Liver; Liver Glycogen; Lysosomes; Microscopy; Microscopy, Electron; Mitochondria; Neoplasms; Organ Size; Pathology; Rats; Research; Sarcoma; Sarcoma, Experimental; Skin Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Cyst Fluid; Geriatrics; Glioma; Glucose; Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Phosphates

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Chlorotrianisene; Diethylstilbestrol; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Palliative Care; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Toxicology; Urination Disorders

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Animals; Electron Transport Complex II; Melanins; Melanoma; Mice; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental; Research; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Tyrosine Decarboxylase; Ultraviolet Rays

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Physical Examination; Prostatic Diseases; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Physical Examination; Prostatic Diseases; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; Tartrates

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Physical Examination; Prostatic Diseases; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Blood Chemical Analysis; Deoxyribonucleases; DNA; Growth; Hepatectomy; Liver; Liver Regeneration; Mice; Neoplasms; Nucleotidases; Parabiosis; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Rats; Research; RNA

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bronchiectasis; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Lung Abscess; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasms; Serum; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Enzyme Inhibitors; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Tartrates

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Biomedical Research; Bone Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Collagen; Humans; Hydroxyproline; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Prostatic Neoplasms; Urine

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Alkaline Phosphatase; Castration; Drug Therapy; Estrogens; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Neoplasms; Orchiectomy; Pathology; Radiography, Thoracic; Seminal Vesicles; Testis; Urography

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Benzopyrenes; Cytoplasm; Esterases; Fibroblasts; Fibrosarcoma; Galactosidases; Histocytochemistry; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental; Pathology; Rats; Research; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Submandibular Gland

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Amphibians; Animals; Anura; Cathepsins; Congenital Abnormalities; Cytoplasm; Embryology; Endopeptidases; Geography; Kidney; Kidney Neoplasms; Liver; Lysosomes; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental; Organ Specificity; Regeneration; Research; Species Specificity; Surface-Active Agents; Transplantation; Urodela

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hydrolases; Leiomyoma; Leiomyomatosis; Neoplasms; Oxidoreductases; Phosphorylases; Phosphotransferases; Skin Neoplasms; Transaminases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Cysteine; Electron Transport Complex II; Electron Transport Complex IV; Esterases; Glutathione; Hemangiosarcoma; Heparin; Lipase; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental; Pharmacology; Research; Research Design; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Tissue Culture Techniques

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Membrane Permeability; Chromatography; Edetic Acid; Electrophoresis; Esterases; Histones; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Neoplasm Proteins; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental; p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene; Proteins; Rats; Research; Tissue Culture Techniques

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Blood Chemical Analysis; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Mucoproteins; Neoplasms; Orosomucoid; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Diseases; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Tyrosine

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Blood; Electrophoresis; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Amylases; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Cathepsins; Chickens; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Deoxyribonucleases; DNA; Genetics; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Leukemia; Leukemia, Experimental; Lipase; Neoplasms; Poultry; Research

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Biopsy; Carboxylesterase; Endometrial Hyperplasia; Endometrium; Esterases; Female; Humans; Neoplasms; Pathology; Research; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Diagnosis, Differential; Diethylstilbestrol; Drug Therapy; Enzyme Inhibitors; Geriatrics; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Osteosclerosis; Pathology; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiography; Tartrates

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Busulfan; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Metabolism; Neoplasms; Pharmacology; Research; Sarcoma; Sarcoma, Yoshida; Toxicology

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Anemia; Anemia, Aplastic; Azo Compounds; Blood Cells; Bone Marrow Cells; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Multiple Myeloma; Mycosis Fungoides; Neoplasms; Polycythemia Vera; Sarcoma

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Blood Chemical Analysis; Bone Neoplasms; Castration; Drug Therapy; Estrogens; Geriatrics; Humans; Hypophysectomy; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Orchiectomy; Phosphorus; Prognosis; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiography; Testis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Ascites; Deoxyribonucleases; DNA; Histocytochemistry; Lysosomes; Mitomycin; Mitomycins; Neoplasms; Pathology; Pharmacology; Rats; Research; Sarcoma, Yoshida

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Cell Differentiation; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia; Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Deoxyribonucleases; DNA; DNA, Neoplasm; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Neoplasms; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Blood Chemical Analysis; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Blood; Early Diagnosis; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Plasma

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Biopsy; Geriatrics; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Physical Examination; Prostatic Neoplasms; Urography

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Biochemical Phenomena; Biochemistry; Breast Neoplasms; Diethylstilbestrol; DNA; DNA, Neoplasm; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Mammary Neoplasms, Animal; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental; Neoplasms; Nitrogen; Nucleotidases; Pharmacology; Progesterone; Rats; Research; RNA; RNA, Neoplasm; Testosterone

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Hydrolases; Neoplasms; Phosphorylases; Phosphotransferases; Sarcoma, Kaposi

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Esterases; Humans; Meningeal Neoplasms; Meningioma; Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Fibrinolysin; Fibrinolysis; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; DNA; DNA, Neoplasm; Fibrosarcoma; Metabolism; Mice; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental; Oxidoreductases; Research; Ribonucleases; RNA; RNA, Neoplasm; Xanthines

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Castration; Dithizone; Estrogens; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Male; Neoplasms; Orchiectomy; Pancreas; Prostate; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Research; Retina; Semen; Spermatozoa; Testosterone; Toxicology; Urination Disorders; Zinc

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Cytodiagnosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Physical Examination; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiography; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Genitalia; Genitalia, Male; Male; Neoplasms; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Serum

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Neoplasms; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Serum; Urinary Tract; Urogenital Neoplasms; Urogenital System

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Prostatic Hyperplasia

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Neoplasms; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Sarcoma

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: 5'-Nucleotidase; Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Connective Tissue; DNA; Neoplasms; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; RNA

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Humans; Immunologic Tests; Male; Neoplasms; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bronchi; Humans; Lipase; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasms; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Blood; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Prostatic Neoplasms; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Cytoplasm; HeLa Cells; Humans; Neoplasms; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Blood; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Copper; Health; Lymphatic Diseases; Neoplasms; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases

Topics: Abdomen; Abdominal Neoplasms; Acid Phosphatase; Blood; Carcinoma; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Prostatic Neoplasms; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Blood; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Blood; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Second Primary; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Blood; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Fasting; Gastric Juice; Neoplasms; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Stomach; Stomach Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Prostatic Neoplasms