acid-phosphatase and Myocarditis

Cathepsin K and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) are two proteins expressed in osteoclastic giant cells. Recently we showed that lesional multinucleated giant cells (MNGs) in pulmonary granulomatosis with polyangiitis expressed these proteins. We aimed to clarify whether the expression of these two proteins has any specificity or is a general feature of MNGs associated with multiple types of granulomatous inflammation.. In total, 7 Crohn's disease (CD), 5 GCA, 5 giant cell myocarditis (GCM), 11 sarcoidosis and 6 tuberculosis cases were examined for expression of cathepsin K and TRAP using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Protein expression was semi-quantitatively classified as none, weak, moderate or strong. In addition, tissue TRAP activity was examined using an enzymatic reaction.. The expression of cathepsin K was robust in >95% of MNGs of all examined disease groups, whereas TRAP expression varied; CD, GCA and tuberculosis showed strong TRAP expression. TRAP expression in sarcoidosis and GCM was weaker (CD vs GCM, P = 0.04; CD vs sarcoidosis, P = 0.06). Compared with IHC, TRAP detection using an enzymatic colour reaction had limited sensitivity.. Expression of TRAP and cathepsin K is a general feature of MNGs and their expression might be related to histopathological pattern.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Biomarkers; Cathepsin K; Cells, Cultured; Crohn Disease; Giant Cells; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Isoenzymes; Myocarditis; Osteoclasts; Paraffin Embedding; Sarcoidosis; Sensitivity and Specificity; Statistics, Nonparametric; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Tuberculosis

Our previous study reported the rich existence of multinucleated giant cells in an autoimmune myocarditis experimentally induced in rats. The present study investigated the histochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of these giant cells. Histochemistry for an acid phosphatase clearly demonstrated multinucleated giant cells dispersed at the inflammatory foci. Ultrastructurally, the giant cells were shown to be single cells, but not clustered cells. Their ultrastructural characteristics were very similar to the basic features of macrophages, except that the giant cells were poor in lysosomes and phagosomes. It was noticeable that some macrophages possessed three or more nuclei, displaying an intermediate form between mononuclear macrophages and multinucleated giant cells. These findings suggest that the giant cell in the experimental autoimmune myocarditis is a single multinucleated cell, and possibly derived from macrophages by cell-to-cell fusion.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Cell Fusion; Disease Models, Animal; Giant Cells; Macrophages; Male; Myocarditis; Rats; Rats, Inbred Lew

Cytochemical investigations were carried out of the activity of peroxidase, nitroblue tetrazolium test and level of cationic proteins in patients with infectious-allergic and myocarditis cardiosclerosis. The activity of peroxidase was reduced in patients with infectious-allergic myocarditis. Patients with infectious-allergic myocarditis and myocarditic cardiosclerosis revealed an increase of the level of cationic proteins. The nitroblue tetrazolium test showed elevated values in the neutrophils and lymphocytes in patients with infectious-allergic myocarditis. In myocarditic cardiosclerosis 15 patients showed an increase of the activity of nitroblue tetrazolium test in lymphocytes. The employed cytochemical methods are of value for the diagnosis of infectious-allergic myocarditis and myocarditic cardiosclerosis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Blood Proteins; Coronary Disease; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Myocarditis; Peroxidase

A comparative assessment of a series of laboratory tests has been made in 206 patients with infectious-allergic myocarditis. Routine laboratory parameters were shown to be of little informative value. Neutrophil alkaline phosphatase activity, the index of neutrophil damage with respect to soluble cardiac antigen, basophil and eosinophil degranulation, and absolute blood basophil and eosinophil quantity were found to be the most meaningful criteria for the assessment of the activity of inflammatory and allergic processes in patients with infectious-allergic myocarditis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Antistreptolysin; Blood Proteins; Eosinophils; Fibrinogen; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Infections; Leukocyte Count; Lymphocytes; Middle Aged; Myocarditis; Neutrophils; Orosomucoid; Sialic Acids

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Blood Platelets; Cardiomyopathies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocarditis; Oxidoreductases; Platelet Adhesiveness; Platelet Count; Platelet Function Tests

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Enzyme Activation; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Myocarditis; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Antibody Formation; Chagas Disease; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Heart Atria; Inflammation; Lymphocytes; Lysosomes; Macrophages; Methods; Myocarditis; Myocardium; Phagocytosis; Pinocytosis; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Trypanosoma cruzi