acid-phosphatase and Mercury-Poisoning

The toxicity of mercury to animals and man is well established and this depends greatly on the form of the mercury compounds. In most animals' species, including man, the kidney is the main site of deposition of inorganic mercury and target organ for its toxicity. In the present study Spirulina fusiformis (a cyanobacterium, belongs to family--Oscillatoriaceae) has been investigated as a possible modifier of mercury induced renal damages in Swiss albino mice. Animals were divided into four groups. (i) Control group--only vehicle (0.9% NaCl) was administered as i.p. (ii) HgCl(2) treated group--5.0 mg/kg b.wt. HgCl(2) was administered as i.p. (iii) Spirulina treated group--800 mg/kg b.wt. Spirulina extract was administered orally. (iv) Combination group--S. fusiformis was administered 10 days before mercuric chloride administration and continued upto 30 days after mercuric chloride administration (5.0 mg/kg b.wt.). The animals were autopsied on 1, 3, 7, 15 and 30 days after treatment and the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and MDA (malondialdehyde) level were measured in kidney homogenates. The results indicated that there was a time-dependent significant enhancement in MDA content and ACP activity and decrease in LDH and ALP activity observed after HgCl(2) treatment. Mercury intoxication also induces pathological alterations in the kidney such as degeneration of glomerulus, proximal and distal tubules. A dose-dependent mortality was also observed following administration of different doses of HgCl(2). In combined treatment of Spirulina with HgCl(2), a significant decrease in MDA content and ACP activity and elevation in LDH and ALP activity was observed as compared to HgCl(2) treated group. Spirulina pre- and post-treatment with mercury also significantly reduces pathological alterations in kidney. Thus, the results from the present study suggest that S. fusiformis can significantly modify the renal damages against mercuric chloride induced toxicity.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Histocytochemistry; Kidney Diseases; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Malondialdehyde; Mercuric Chloride; Mercury Poisoning; Mice; Spirulina

Using histochemical methods the activity was determined of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase in 89 men exposed to mercury vapours during chloride production by means of mercury electrolysis. The activity of both enzymes was low and the intensity of the histochemical reactions was correlated with duration of exposure and mercury concentrations in urine and blood. The determination of the activity of acid hydrolases may be used for monitoring of the biological consequences of occupational exposure to mercury vapours.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Air Pollutants, Occupational; Chemical Industry; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Glucuronidase; Humans; Leukocytes; Male; Mercury Poisoning; Middle Aged

The effect of LC(50) (1.8 MG/L) and a sublethal concentration (0.03 mg/L) of in vivo mercuric chloride exposure on the activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases, glucose-6-phosphatase, lipase and urease in the kidneys and ovaries of a teleost fish, Channa punctatus has been studied after 96 hr and 30 days respectively. It has been observed that the activities of all the enzymes except acid phosphatase were significantly inhibited in both the tissues. However, treatment for 96 hr resulted in more marked inhibition than 30 days of treatment. Acid phosphatase showed elevation in activity in the kidney after 96 hr of treatment.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Female; Fishes; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Kidney; Lipase; Mercury Poisoning; Ovary; Urease

Alterations in the activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase amylase, trypsin, pepsin, aminotripeptidase, glycylglycine dipeptidase and carnosinase due to exposure of Channa punctatus to a sublethal concentration (0.30 mg/L) of mercuric chloride by bath for 20 days have been studied in the different parts of the digestive system. Afall in the activities of the three phosphatases was recorded except for alkaline phosphatase which showed a slight elevation in activity in intestine and pyloric caeca. An increase in the activity of amylase and the two proteases was observed in all the portions of the digestive system. The three peptidases revealed a decrease in activity.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Amylases; Animals; Chlorides; Digestive System; Enzyme Inhibitors; Fishes; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Liver; Mercury; Mercury Poisoning; Pepsin A; Trypsin

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Galactosidases; Kidney; Kidney Function Tests; Male; Mercury Poisoning; Methylmercury Compounds; Niacinamide; Osmolar Concentration; p-Aminohippuric Acid; Rats; Time Factors

HgC12-induced renal tubular lesions in the rat present histochemically with a transitory decrease of alkaline phosphatase, adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase), and leucine-aminopeptidase activity. The toxic alterations of enzyme activity were more pronounced in the pars recta of the proximal tubule and in the loop of Henle, as compared with the tubulus contortus I. L-thyroxine treatment leads to an accelerated reversal of that enzymatic defect, followinga characteristic pattern, and to a differentiating increase of acid phosphatase and ATPase activity in certain parts of the normal renal tubule. The observations are discussed with reference to the specific mode of action of sublimate and l-thyroxine upon the tubular enzymes and to the well-known metabolic and functional influences of thyroid hormone on the kidney.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Kidney Injury; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Epithelial Cells; Epithelium; Histocytochemistry; Kidney Tubules; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Male; Mercury Poisoning; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Rats; Thyroxine

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Calorimetry; Fishes; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Liver; Mercury; Mercury Poisoning; Organometallic Compounds; Subcellular Fractions; Thermodynamics; Time Factors

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Brain; Chlorine; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Histocytochemistry; Kidney; Liver; Male; Mercury Poisoning; Methylmercury Compounds; Organometallic Compounds; Rats; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Cholinesterases; Diagnosis, Differential; Enzymes; Hypoxia; Kidney Diseases; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Malate Dehydrogenase; Male; Mercury Poisoning; Pyelonephritis; Rabbits

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Autolysis; Cats; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Liver; Male; Mercury; Mercury Poisoning; Organometallic Compounds; Temperature

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Female; Kidney; Male; Mercury Poisoning; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Rabbits; Transaminases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Albuminuria; Animals; Cathepsins; Deoxyribonucleases; Glucuronidase; Kidney Diseases; Male; Mercury Poisoning; Microscopy, Electron; Nephritis; Rabbits; Ribonucleases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Dogs; Kidney; Mercury Poisoning; Plasminogen

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Centrifugation, Zonal; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Female; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase; Liver; Lysosomes; Mercury; Mercury Poisoning; Microsomes; Mitochondria, Liver; Oximes; Rats; Urate Oxidase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase; Histocytochemistry; Histological Techniques; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Tubules; Lysosomes; Mercury; Mercury Poisoning; Mitochondria; Pathology; Rats; Research; Toxicology

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aorta; Blood Proteins; Cerebellum; Cholesterol; Cholinesterases; Creatine; Creatinine; Cysteine; DNA; Glutathione; Glycosaminoglycans; Histocytochemistry; Kidney; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Mercury; Mercury Poisoning; Microscopy; Microscopy, Polarization; Oxidoreductases; Pathology; Rabbits; Research; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Toxicology; Uric Acid

Topics: 5'-Nucleotidase; Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Deoxyribonucleases; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Liver; Mercury; Mercury Poisoning; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; Rabbits; Research; Toxicology

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Brain; Brain Diseases; Cerebrospinal Fluid; DNA; Edema; Histocytochemistry; Kidney Diseases; Mercury Poisoning; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Rabbits; Research; RNA; Toxicology