acid-phosphatase and Malaria

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cell Division; Cell Membrane; Cell Nucleus; Culicidae; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Erythrocytes; Female; Histological Techniques; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Malaria; Metamorphosis, Biological; Microscopy, Electron; Microtubules; Mitochondria; Organoids; Ovum; Plasmodium; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium malariae; Plasmodium vivax; Ribosomes

Malaria leads to pathophysiological and biochemical alterations in placenta and blood of pregnant mice. A significant decrease in the sugar, protein and lipid levels in the placental homogenate of pregnant-infected mice was observed compared to the pregnant mice. However, serum protein content was not altered much in the pregnant-infected mice as compared to the levels in control mice. The serum lipid level enhanced significantly in both pregnant and non pregnant-infected mice. The enzymatic activities of alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase altered significantly in malaria-infected placenta. Our study clearly highlights the possible role of these enzymes in damaging the placenta which in turn may jeoparadise the fetal growth together with altered biochemistry of placenta. Therefore biochemical along with pathological alterations occurring during malaria infection in pregnancy may account for compromised maternal fetal relationship.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Fetal Development; Lipids; Malaria; Mice; Placenta; Plasmodium berghei; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic

Early gestational malaria is found to be more fatal than late gestational infection but the pathophysiology of early gestational placenta, the maternofoetal organ responsible for maintenance of pregnancy, remains unexplored. Present study dealing with hydrolytic enzymes in early gestational placenta of rhesus monkeys during Plasmodium cynomolgi infection was anticipated to provide a better insight into the functional impairment of this organ during early gestational maternal malaria.. Experimental monkeys (Macaca multtta) at 2-2 1/2 months of pregnancy were inoculated with P. cynomolgi bastianelli. After attaining first peak of parasitaemia the animals were anesthetised and placentae were collected for histochemical studies. The snap-frozen, cryostat sections were subjected to histochemical reactions for acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase.. The placental syncytiotrophoblast showed a loss in alkaline phosphatase activity, while the trophoblast layers and phagocytic cells of the maternal blood showed increased acid phosphatase activity during early gestational malarial infection. Morphological damage to the placental tissue whenever occurred was associated with altered Alk pase activity.. The altered distribution of Ac pase and Alk pase in malaria infected early gestational placenta has been discussed in the light of placental function. It could be concluded by present studies that these malaria induced changes in hydrolytic enzyme activities in monkey placenta have a direct bearing on functional and morphological integrity of the placental tissue. These changes are apparently responsible for early gestational foetal death and abortions as reported in literature.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Immunohistochemistry; Macaca mulatta; Malaria; Placenta; Plasmodium cynomolgi; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic

Changes in liver acid hydrolase activities during the infection of albino rats, Mastomys or mice with Plasmodium berghei are described. B-Glucosidase, B-galactosidase and N-acetyl-B-D-glucosaminidase exhibited widely different responses with acid phosphatase and cathepsin-B the least responsive and are likely to be causally related to immunity of animals.

Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Acid Phosphatase; Animals; beta-Galactosidase; beta-Glucosidase; Cathepsin B; Cathepsins; Glucuronidase; Hydrolases; Liver; Lysosomes; Malaria; Mice; Muridae; Plasmodium berghei; Rats

The pattern of activity of certain membrane-associated enzymes was followed in the erythrocytes of Plasmodium berghei-infected Mastomys natalensis. Parasitized erythrocytes were separated from non-parasitized populations by percoll-density gradient centrifugation. The activity of adenylate cyclase was markedly increased while those of ATPase, acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase were considerably decreased in the membrane preparations of parasitized erythrocytes as compared to normal erythrocytes. There was a decrease in the activity of ATPase and an increase of adenylate cyclase in the membrane preparations of non-parasitized erythrocytes. However, other enzymes did not alter to a significant extent in non-parasitized erythrocytes. Chloroquine (in vitro) stimulated adenylate cyclase, Na+, K+-ATPase and Ca++Mg++-ATPase while acetylcholinesterase was significantly inhibited.

Topics: 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; Acetylcholinesterase; Acetylglucosaminidase; Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adenylyl Cyclases; Animals; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Chloroquine; Erythrocyte Membrane; Glucuronidase; Malaria; Male; Muridae; Plasmodium berghei

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Glucuronidase; Glycoside Hydrolases; Hexosaminidases; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Infant; Lysosomes; Malaria; Male; Nigeria; Sickle Cell Trait

Activities of certain lysosomal enzymes of peritoneal exudate cells were followed during Plasmodium berghei infection in two experimental hosts. In albino rats, where sterile immunity against the infection develops, levels of beta-D-glucuroniodase and acid phosphatase activities were increased several times the normal values. On the other hand, in Mastomys natalensis, which succumbs to infection, levels of both the enzymes decreased considerably. Cathepsin D activity did not change to a significant extent in either host.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Ascitic Fluid; Cathepsin D; Cathepsins; Glucuronidase; Hydrolases; Lysosomes; Malaria; Male; Mice; Plasmodium berghei; Rats

During the Australian/British IBP studies on KarKar Island and at Lufa in the Eastern Highlands, Papua New Guinea, information was collected on the epidemiology and genetic constitution of the same subjects. Advantage of this special situation has been taken to determine whether any associations exist between the genetic markers and the disease states. Those found and which appear real include Rhesus D(u) with proteinuria; MN with splenomegaly and hepatomegaly; Ss with parotid enlargement; acid phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogense and haemoglobin J- Tongariki with presence of malarial parasites; phosphoglucomutase with proteinuria and parotid enlargement; haptoglobin with proteinuria and with splenomegaly and hepatomegaly. These associations are discussed in terms of the probabilities of their arising from heterogeneity in population structure, linkage disequilibrium and pleiotropy.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Blood Group Antigens; Enzymes; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Haptoglobins; Hepatomegaly; Humans; Malaria; Male; MNSs Blood-Group System; Morbidity; New Guinea; Parotitis; Phosphoglucomutase; Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase; Polymorphism, Genetic; Proteinuria; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System; Sex Factors; Splenomegaly

The frequency of PC allele for acid phosphatase in fourteen Sardinian villages correlates positively with the altitude and negatively with past malarial morbidity and GdMed prevalence. The susceptibility towards hemolytic favism in Sardinian males with G6PD deficiency is dependent on the erythrocyte acid phosphatase and thalassemia phenotypes. Thalassemia trait exerts a protective action only in subjects carrying PA allele for acid phosphatase. The data suggest that the gradient for malaria morbidity directly or indirectly, through interactions with thalassemia and G6PD polymorphisms, mediated by the habit of eating Vecia faba, may have had a significant role in determining the heterogeneous distribution of acid phosphatase polymorphism in Sardinia. Besides malaria, other environmental factors related with altitude seem to have been very important in shaping the present pattern of distribution of both acid phosphatase and G6PD polymorphisms in Sardinia.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alleles; Altitude; Animals; Erythrocytes; Favism; Female; Gene Frequency; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Italy; Malaria; Male; Polymorphism, Genetic; Thalassemia

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cell-Free System; Chloroquine; Dithiothreitol; Edetic Acid; Erythrocytes; Female; Hemoglobins; Hemolysis; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Malaria; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Peptide Hydrolases; Plasmodium berghei; Primaquine; Quinacrine; Rats; Solubility; Surface-Active Agents; Ultracentrifugation

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Antigens; Galactosidases; Glucuronidase; Hexosaminidases; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Lysosomes; Macrophages; Malaria; Mice; Plasmodium berghei

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Chickens; Erythrocytes; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Lizards; Lysosomes; Malaria; Mice; Microscopy, Electron; Plasmodium; Reticulocytes; Sulfatases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Cytosol; Erythrocytes; Lizards; Malaria; Microscopy, Electron; Plasmodium; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cathepsins; Galactosidases; Glucuronidase; Glycoside Hydrolases; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Lysosomes; Malaria; Mice; Spleen

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aerosols; Animals; Canaries; Chickens; Cilia; Common Cold; Disease; Environmental Exposure; Epithelium; Humans; Humidity; Lead Poisoning; Malaria; Mice; Mucous Membrane; Newcastle disease virus; Orthomyxoviridae; Parathion; Pneumonia; Rats; Respiratory Tract Infections; Skin Diseases; Temperature

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphate; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Black or African American; Erythrocytes; Female; Genetics, Population; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Glutathione Reductase; Hexokinase; Humans; Malaria; Male; Molecular Biology; Phosphoglucomutase; Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase; Phosphorus; Phosphotransferases; Plasmodium falciparum; Pyruvate Kinase; Thalassemia; White People