acid-phosphatase and Lymphoproliferative-Disorders

The demonstration of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity has long been a cornerstone in the diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia (HCL). Recently a monoclonal antibody to this enzyme has been developed that can be used in an immunoperoxidase method on paraffin-embedded tissues. By using a peroxidase-labeled streptavidin biotin method, paraffin sections of B5 and formalin-fixed tissue from 86 cases of HCL (41 bone marrow, 36 spleen, 9 liver) were stained with the antibody to TRAP and compared against staining for CD20 (L26) and DBA.44 (DAKO, Carpinteria, Calif). In addition, 193 specimens (127 bone marrow, 42 lymph node, 19 spleen, 5 other) from a variety of neoplastic and nonneoplastic hematologic conditions were stained using the monoclonal antibody to TRAP. For comparison, these cases were also stained with DBA.44. In the cases of HCL, 80 of 86 specimens were immunoreactive for TRAP. While the antibody to TRAP generally stained less than 50% of the hairy cells, CD20 and DBA.44 stained 90% and 50% to 60% of hairy cells, respectively. Two of three cases of marginal zone lymphoma showed weak immunoreactivity to the TRAP antibody. Two specimens from a patient with Gaucher's disease and 8 of 13 cases of mastocytosis also showed positivity to the TRAP antibody in the macrophages and mast cells, respectively. In contrast, staining for DBA.44 was positive in 3 of 9 cases of B-cell large cell lymphoma, 1 of 4 cases of mantle cell lymphoma, and in the paraimmunoblasts of 1 of 7 cases of small lymphocytic lymphoma. Only HCL was TRAP and DBA.44 positive. This antibody to TRAP is a useful addition to the diagnosis of HCL but should be used in conjunction with CD20 and DBA.44. The use of this antibody to determine minimal residual disease after chemotherapy was not addressed.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Biomarkers, Tumor; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Neoplasms; Diagnosis, Differential; Gaucher Disease; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Isoenzymes; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Macrophages; Mast Cells; Paraffin Embedding; Pathology, Clinical; Spleen; Splenic Neoplasms; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

In this report the clinical, morphologic, histologic and immunologic findings of 41 patients with hairy lymphoid cells in peripheral blood and/or bone marrow are analyzed. In 27 patients the diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia was established. 14 patients had other variants of lymphoproliferative disorders: malignant lymphoma with hairy cells--7, chronic lymphocytic leukemia with hairy cells--5, and T cell lymphoproliferative disorder with hairy cells--2 patients, respectively. Several variants of malignant lymphoma with hairy cells were defined: lymphocytic, centrocytic and lymphoplasmacytic. The importance of combined use of bone marrow biopsy and immunophenotyping for the correct diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia and other "hairy-cell" lymphoproliferative disorders is stressed. The obtained data suggest relationship between characteristic clinical manifestation (isolated splenomegaly), presence of hairy cells and CD11c-antigen expression.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Bone Marrow; Female; Humans; Integrin alphaXbeta2; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Male; Middle Aged

The concomitant presence of B antigens and of the antigen recognized by the monoclonal antibody Leu-M5 (CD11c) on neoplastic lymphoid cells has been reported to be largely restricted to hairy cell leukemia (HCL). The authors studied Leu-M5 reactivity of neoplastic cells from 59 patients whose specimens were referred with a stated diagnosis of HCL by using the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase technique on peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) specimens. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (AcP-T) activity was also studied. In 49 patients, HCL had been confirmed previously by BM biopsy, and specimens were evaluated for disease status during or after therapy with interferon (IFN) or 2'-deoxycoformycin. The remaining ten patients were newly referred for confirmation of the diagnosis of HCL before therapy. In all 55 patients in whom the BM biopsy demonstrated HCL, virtually every leukemic cell was Leu-M5 reactive, and the reaction proved, in some cases, to be helpful in the detection of small numbers of hairy cells in PB or BM preparations. AcP-T reactivity was demonstrated in the neoplastic cells of 52 of these 55 patients, including all but 3 of those receiving IFN, and was helpful in confirming persistent leukemia when interpretation of BM biopsy sections was difficult because the numbers of hairy cells were small. However, in four of the ten newly referred patients, BM biopsy showed features of splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes, rather than HCL. The neoplastic cells of these four patients were of B-cell origin and in three were Leu-M5 reactive. The authors' study indicates that Leu-M5 is present in nearly all hairy cells, but its presence in conjunction with other B-cell markers is not specific for HCL.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; Biopsy; Bone Marrow; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Interferons; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Lymphoproliferative Disorders

A simple, routine procedure for water miscible glycol methacrylate (GMA) embedding of undecalcified bone marrow cores, which preserves the activity of enzymes useful in diagnosing various haematopoietic disorders, is described. The GMA used in this study has a low acid content that eliminates background staining, and the modified May-Grünwald-Giemsa stain provides good definition and excellent colour differentiation of various haematopoietic cells in the bone marrow, thereby providing optimal conditions for the study of the morphology and enzyme activity of bone marrow cells in the same preparation. The method is simple, reproducible, requires no expensive equipment, and is suitable for routine processing of small bone marrow cores in any histopathology or haematology laboratory.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acrylates; Bone Marrow; Histological Techniques; Humans; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Methacrylates; Peroxidase; Staining and Labeling

A panel of different B-cell malignancies representing various stages of B-cell differentiation were analyzed for the expression of an antigen labeled by the monoclonal antibody FMC7 and of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TracP) activity. The FMC7 antigen and TracP were not found on early immature pre B-cell proliferations, appeared at early and intermediate B-cell stages, reached their peak of expression in terms of both incidence of positivity and staining intensity at the late B cell stage (as represented by hairy cell leukemia) and were lost at the B-cell/plasma cell transition. Although detected at similar stages of B-cell differentiation, FMC7 and TracP appear to be independently expressed and were not related to a particular Ig class. The simultaneous detection of FMC7 and TracP represents a distinguishing parameter for the identification of hairy cell leukemia.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens, Surface; B-Lymphocytes; Cells, Cultured; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Isoelectric Focusing; Isoenzymes; Lymphoproliferative Disorders

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Glycogen; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Naphthol AS D Esterase

Presented are data on iron-binding capacity determinations in the serum of turkeys infected with lymphoproliferative disease (LPD) virus and in healthy males and females (laying eggs and nonlaying) from a breeding flock. Also presented are results of serum and tissue total acid and alkaline phosphatase determinations in turkey poults infected with LPD virus and their uninfected controls and of serum enzyme levels in healthy males and females from the breeding flock. There was no significant alteration in total iron binding capacity (transferrin level) in the serum of turkeys with LPD. Turkey poults inoculated with LPD virus showed a significant decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase activity 4 and 7 weeks postinfection (pi), and a decrease in serum acid phosphatase activity 7 weeks pi. Acid and alkaline phosphatase activity determined in the spleen and pancreas (organs with pronounced tumor involvement) 7 weeks pi did not differ significantly from that of healthy controls, although there was a tendency for both enzymes to decline in the pancreas of the infected turkeys. Healthy laying female turkeys demonstrated marked elevation in serum transferrin level and in acid and alkaline phosphatase activity, as compared with males of the same age. Serum alkaline phosphatase of turkey poults was markedly higher than that of adult turkeys.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Age Factors; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Female; Iron; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Male; Pancreas; Poultry Diseases; Retroviridae Infections; Spleen; Transferrin; Turkeys

A detailed classification of plasma cells stained for acid phosphatase activity is introduced. With this method, patients with multiple myeloma, non-myeloma gammopathies, reactive plasmacytosis and other diseases in which plasma cells are involved, were investigated. The results show that our method can discriminate between multiple myeloma and reactive plasmacytosis. The overlap between multiple myeloma and other monoclonal gammopathies is much smaller than observed in other studies. Surprisingly low levels of acid phosphatase activity were found in the cells from patients with lymphoplasmacytoid immunocytoma. It is concluded that the acid phosphatase score can be of value for studying disorders in which plasma cells are involved.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Plasma Cell; Lymphoma; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Multiple Myeloma; Plasma Cells

Spontaneous hemoblastoses of AKR mice are widely used in experimental oncology and hematology. To study their morphological characteristics, 500 AKR mice were used. Of these, 400 animals were followed up throughout their lives. Ten animals were sacrificed monthly out of the group of 100 rats. All the animals which died or were sacrificed were autopsied and subjected to cytological and histological studies. Besides, 36 animals with hemoblastoses were examined cytochemically for the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases, peroxidase and nonspecific esterase and glycogen. Analysis of the data obtained suggests that hemoblastoses of AKR mice are the generalized forms of lymphosarcoma, characterized by a significant degree of cytochemical and cytological heterogeneity.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Esterases; Female; Isoenzymes; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred AKR; Peroxidase; Peroxidases

Seven patients are presented with a chronic lymphoproliferative disorder characterized clinically by splenomegaly, no or discrete lymphnode enlargement, and a varying degree of cytopenia. In blood and bone-marrow smears lymphoid cells of "hairy" appearance are demonstrable which may contain tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. The finding of a nodular bone-marrow infiltration without fibrosis as well as that of a nodular infiltration of the spleen originating in the white pulp are incompatible with the diagnosis hairy-cell leukemia and place the disease near to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or leukemic immunocytoma respectively. A detailed cytologic and cytochemical examination of the infiltrating cells shows deviations from the typical enzymatic pattern of hairy cells and from known enzymatic constellations in CLL and related lymphoproliferative disorders. Thus, we are dealing with an intermediate form, difficult to classify, the separation of which nevertheless seems to be important for therapeutical reasons.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Bone Marrow; Chronic Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Male; Middle Aged; Spleen; Splenomegaly

In 14 adult patients suffering from lymphoproliferative diseases, the relation between numbers of lymphocytes determined by the rosette test (nSE) with neuraminidase-treated sheep red blood cells and numbers of lymphocytes giving a positive reaction for acid phosphatase was determined. Statistical analysis of multiple test results in the patients (n = 38) showed highly positive correlation between the two markers. A similar positive correlation in the course of cytostatic treatment was observed in selected patients with type T and B cell lymphoma. The results indicate that determination of acid phosphatase activity can serve as an additional marker of T lymphocytes in groups of patients with lymphoproliferative disease.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Neuraminidase; Rosette Formation; T-Lymphocytes