acid-phosphatase and Lymphoma

Data from literature and results of the authors' own investigations concerning cytochemical peculiarities of T- and B-lymphocyte subpopulations at the antigen-independent and antigen-dependent differentiation stages are reviewed. Enzyme-cytochemical characteristics for human lymphoid cells at early ontogenesis are presented, peculiarities of cells are given in the thymus-dependent and thymus-independent sites of lymphopoiesis organs and certain types of patch-forming cells are discussed. Data on the enzyme topography in the functionally different subpopulations of lymphocytes identified by a set of the monoclonal antibodies are elucidated. It is shown that the combined application of immunological and cytochemical methods permits establishing more precisely the cell origin and maturity level for different forms and variants of tumour diseases of the lymphoid tissue.

Topics: 5'-Nucleotidase; Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; B-Lymphocytes; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases; Glucuronidase; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Leukemia; Lymphoma; Mice; Nucleotidases; Rosette Formation; T-Lymphocytes

Recent advances in analysis of leukemic cell phenotypes using cell surface markers have provided important insights into leukocyte differentiation and the cellular origin of leukemia. In addition to the traditional cell surface markers, i.e., surface membrane immunoglobulin and receptors for sheep erythrocytes that define B and T lymphocytes, highly specific monoclonal antibodies have been developed that discriminate various stages of human lymphocyte and granulocyte differentiation. Explorations of the detailed phenotypes of leukemic cells in relation to normal hemopoietic differentiation reveal that consistent, composite phenotypes of different subclasses of lymphoid malignancies closely mimic those of corresponding normal cells at equivalent levels of maturation. This is exemplified in lymphoma cells (chronic lymphocytic leukemia of B or T type, Sezary Syndrome, immunocytoma) that resemble mature and immunocompetent T and B cells, in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) (equivalent to thymus cells) and in non-T ALL (corresponding to lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow). The major phenotypes documented in different leukemias represent the level of maturation arrest imposed on the dominant subclone; this is determined by, but not necessarily synonymous with, the target cell and associated clonogenic cell population in the leukemia. The clinical significance of immunodiagnosis of leukemia cell types becomes best evidenced in acute leukemias. Besides the improvement of diagnosis by using objective criteria, clinically useful subclassifications became evident: five major subtypes of ALL are now recognized, including unclassified or null ALL, common ALL, pre-B-ALL, B-ALL and pre-T/T-ALL. In addition to disclosing that ALL is an heterogeneous disease, such classifications have proved to be prognostically significant. This is exemplified in 248 children and 145 adults with ALL which were analysed for cell type and clinical data. In addition to their utility in leukemia classification, monoclonal antibodies that identify leukemia associated antigens are becoming used therapeutically, e.g., to lyse residual leukemia cells from remission bone marrows removed from leukemia patients before reinfusion. New approaches to the treatment of leukemia in which the objective is to encourage maturation of leukemia cells rather than to achieve leukemia eradication, can be monitored by phenotyping the alterations of the cell surface, and cell markers may hopef

Topics: 5'-Nucleotidase; Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Deaminase; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aneuploidy; Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; Antigens, Neoplasm; Antigens, Surface; Blood Platelets; Cell Differentiation; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Child; Child, Preschool; Chromosome Aberrations; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase; Erythrocytes; Female; Granulocytes; Histocytochemistry; HLA Antigens; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Indoles; Infant; Leukemia; Leukocyte Count; Lymphoma; Male; Mice; Middle Aged; Monocytes; Muramidase; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Neprilysin; Nucleotidases; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; Phenotype; Prognosis; Purine-Nucleoside Phosphorylase; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; Receptors, Complement; Receptors, Fc; Rosette Formation; Sex Factors; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Age Factors; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Microscopy, Electron; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Protease Inhibitors; Rosette Formation; Sex Factors

Current methods of immunological and enzymatic marker studies used in the investigation of the malignant lymphomas are reviewed and the application of such methods is demonstrated by illustrative examples. The reliability of the various techniques and their relevance to a modern diagnostic laboratory are discussed.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; B-Lymphocytes; Cytoplasm; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lymphoma; Macrophages; Monocytes; Mononuclear Phagocyte System; Phagocytes; Phagocytosis; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; Receptors, Complement; Receptors, Fc; Rosette Formation; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Anemia, Aplastic; Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase; Female; Hematologic Diseases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Infectious Mononucleosis; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma; Male; Middle Aged; Phenotype; Skin Neoplasms; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; alpha-Fetoproteins; Antigens, Neoplasm; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; Humans; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lymphokines; Lymphoma; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Paraneoplastic Syndromes; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Blood Group Antigens; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Female; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Leukemia; Lymphoma; Male; Neoplasms; Ovarian Neoplasms; Pituitary Hormones; Pregnancy Proteins; Prostatic Neoplasms; Teratoma; Testicular Neoplasms; Thyroid Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Deaminase; Animals; B-Lymphocytes; Bone Marrow; Cattle; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase; DNA Nucleotidyltransferases; Hexosaminidases; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leukemia; Lymphoma; Mice; Rabbits; Rats; T-Lymphocytes; Thymus Gland

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carboxylesterase; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; Splenic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Diagnosis, Differential; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Infectious Mononucleosis; Lymphadenitis; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node

A panel of human leukemia cell lines from various lineages (T-cell, pre B- and Non-T/Non-B cell, myelomonocytic and erythroleukemia cell lines) were utilised as model systems of the distant effects of differentiation-inducing activity (DIA) produced by the T-leukemia cell line HUT-102. DIA inhibited cell proliferation and induced distinct morphological changes which were more pronounced in the myelomonocytic and erythroleukemia cell lines than in the lymphoid cell lines. DIA triggered in the myelomonocytic and erythroleukemia cell lines an increase in the number of NBT-reducing cells and caused strong adherence to plastic surface. The T-cell lines showed aggregation of cells in floating clusters. In the isoenzyme analysis of the enzymes carboxylic esterase and acid phosphatase, it was found that DIA stimulated the new expression of isoenzymes and a stronger staining intensity of several isoenzyme bands in all cell lines, however, at varying degrees. HL-60 and HEL displayed newly a monocyte-specific isoenzyme. Several myelomonocytic and erythroleukemia cell lines were triggered to express the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoenzyme. The cell kinetic, morphological, functional and isoenzymatic data demonstrated that DIA effected the development of the different blood cell types. However, it appears that the cells reached a new differentiation block after acquired expression of differentiation-linked features; the lymphoid cell lines were more limited in their response to DIA than the myeloid and erythroid cells.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carboxylesterase; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Cell Adhesion; Cell Aggregation; Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leukemia; Lymphoma; Nitroblue Tetrazolium; T-Lymphocytes

The cells from 87 leukemia-lymphoma cell lines, 14 B-lymphoblastoid cell lines, 459 cases of leukemia-lymphoma, normal specimens, 22 leukemia-lymphoma cell lines treated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) and 14 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) treated with TPA were analyzed for the expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TracP) isoenzyme separated by isoelectric focusing. The TracP isoenzyme was seen in the following leukemia-lymphoma cell lines: 4 of 30 T-cell, 2 of 35 B-cell, 1 of 6 non-T/non-B-cell, 1 of 8 myelomonocytic, 3 of 4 erythroleukemia, and 3 of 4 Hodgkin's disease-derived cell lines. The expression of the TracP band could be induced by treatment with TPA in 3 myelomonocytic leukemia cell lines. Among the different types of leukemia-lymphoma cells freshly obtained from patients, the TracP isoenzyme was detected at a high incidence in cases of B-CLL, hairy cell leukemia (HCL), and B-lymphoma. Of the myeloid leukemias, 10% to 20% displayed the TracP isoenzyme. TracP positivity was detected in the peripheral blood, tonsil, bone marrow, spleen, and liver obtained from healthy donors, but not in the thymus. The expression of the TracP band could be newly induced by TPA in cases of CLL and in cases of CML. It is concluded that TracP activity is not specific for HCL, but is found at high incidences in cases of HCL, B-CLL and B-lymphoma. The TracP isoenzyme is not expressed by very immature lymphoid leukemia cells, but by cells arrested at later stages of differentiation of the T- or B-cell lineage, and by some myeloid cells.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Humans; Isoelectric Focusing; Isoenzymes; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lymphoma; Monocytes; Tartrates; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lymphoma; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; Rosette Formation

The differential diagnostic significance of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase were studied in 77 cases of low-grade B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. In most cases the results of cytochemical enzyme studies performed on malignant cells of the bone marrow were evaluated. B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, centrocytic and centroblastic/centrocytic lymphomas were characterized by a weak or a negative acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase activity. Stronger positivity was observed in immunocytoma and in Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia, while the highest activity was found in multiple myeloma. Hairy cell leukaemia of B cell origin showed intensive tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity. The cytochemical examination of these lysosomal enzymes may be useful in the diagnosis of low-grade malignant lymphomas of B cell origin by completing other methods.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; B-Lymphocytes; Bone Marrow; Glucuronidase; Humans; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Follicular; Lysosomes; Multiple Myeloma; Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia

This report describes the qualitative acid phosphatase (acP) isoenzyme profiles detected in permanent human hematopoietic cell lines. The acP activity was separated into its isoenzymes by isoelectric focusing on horizontal thin-layer polyacrylamide gels. The pattern of acP isoenzyme was investigated in a total of 86 cell lines. These cell lines were classified into five groups on the basis of their phenotypes characterized in the multiple marker analysis: 74 leukemia-lymphoma cell lines (26 T-, 34 B-, 6 myelomonocytic, 8 Non-T, Non-B cell lines) and 12 so-called 'normal' Epstein-Barr virus transformed B-lymphoblastoid cell lines. Their immunological features had been analysed in detail by use of a large panel of poly- and monoclonal antibodies which led to a further subclassification into stages of differentiation. A progressive increase in number and staining intensity of the isoenzymes which paralleled the expression of surface markers at different stages of differentiation along their developmental pathway was seen in the T- and B-leukemia-lymphoma cell lines. Some cell lines whose isoenzyme profiles did not correspond to the stage of differentiation as evidenced by surface antigen analysis might represent good examples of deranged gene expression in otherwise normally programmed malignant cells, i.e. in our study a mismatch between the isoenzymatic and immunological phenotypes. The tartrate-resistant isoenzyme was detected in 9 out of 74 leukemia-lymphoma cell lines (4 T-, 2 B-, 1 myelomonocytic, 2 Non-T, Non-B cell lines) and in 10 out of 12 normal B-lymphoblastoid cell lines; the only one studied hairy cell leukemia cell line did not express this isoenzyme. The relative specificity of the tartrate-resistant acP is discussed in detail. No leukemia-lymphoma specific isoenzyme or an additional isoenzyme which was not seen in normal hematopoietic cells could be observed. Nor did we find an isoenzyme or isoenzyme pattern characteristic for a certain cell lineage. This underlines the necessity of a combined analysis using markers from different disciplines in the 'multiple marker analysis' in order to accurately characterize normal and malignant blood cells. Furthermore, our results support the concept of maturation arrest at particular stages of differentiation together with the theory of normal gene expression in leukemic cells equivalent to that in their normal counterparts.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antigens, Surface; B-Lymphocytes; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lymphoma; Phenotype; T-Lymphocytes; Tartrates

A detailed classification of plasma cells stained for acid phosphatase activity is introduced. With this method, patients with multiple myeloma, non-myeloma gammopathies, reactive plasmacytosis and other diseases in which plasma cells are involved, were investigated. The results show that our method can discriminate between multiple myeloma and reactive plasmacytosis. The overlap between multiple myeloma and other monoclonal gammopathies is much smaller than observed in other studies. Surprisingly low levels of acid phosphatase activity were found in the cells from patients with lymphoplasmacytoid immunocytoma. It is concluded that the acid phosphatase score can be of value for studying disorders in which plasma cells are involved.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Plasma Cell; Lymphoma; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Multiple Myeloma; Plasma Cells

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bone Neoplasms; Child; Chondroma; Chondrosarcoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Fibrosarcoma; Giant Cell Tumors; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Lymphoma; Male; Middle Aged; Osteosarcoma

Acid phosphatase (AcP) and acid alpha-naphthylacetate esterase (ANAE) were examined in lymphoid cells from 104 patients suffering from various lymphoproliferative disorders and from 8 healthy controls. Enzyme activities were evaluated by means of a scoring system. Scores of AcP and ANAE were higher in normal T cells than non-T cells. In comparison, the activated T cells in infectious mononucleosis showed increased AcP and decreased ANAE reaction. Malignant T lymphoblasts had a distinct granular AcP positivity in contrast to the faint reactivity observed in cALL blasts, whereas ANAE showed negative or weak reaction in both subsets. High scores and distinct staining patterns for both enzymes were found in T CLL and T prolymphocytic leukaemia, clearly different from the weak activities seen in B CLL, B PLL and some B cell lymphomas. The latter, too, could be distinguished by mutual differences in enzyme reactions. High AcP and ANAE scores were also found in hairy cell leukaemia, and the staining patterns together with the tartrate resistance firmly established the diagnosis. Thus, simultaneous determinations of AcP and ANAE can be of great value in the diagnosis of lymphoid malignancies.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; B-Lymphocytes; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Child; Female; Humans; Infectious Mononucleosis; Leukemia; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma; Male; Middle Aged; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Rosette Formation; Staining and Labeling; T-Lymphocytes

Enzyme marker analysis has become a valuable tool in leukemia research, especially as a part of the so-called multiple marker analysis which combines several disciplines for characterization of leukemia cells. In this study the qualitative activities of three enzyme markers were determined in leukemic cells from pediatric patients with acute leukemias: acid phosphatase (E.C. 3.1.3.2), carboxylic esterase (E.C. 3.1.1.1) and hexosaminidase (E.C. 3.2.1.30). The leukemia subtypes displayed different types of isoenzyme patterns. No additional isoenzyme was found that was not observed in normal blood cells, nor a single isoenzyme specific for a leukemia subtype. The biochemical profiles illustrated the existence of subsets in cALL, T-ALL and AML. The enzymologic polymorphism and the immunologic heterogeneity seen in leukemia subclasses have led together to an extended classification scheme of leukemias as well as to model schemes of normal hematopoietic cell differentiation. Despite former and constantly published assumptions there are still no specific markers of leukemia cells.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases; Carboxylesterase; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Child; Electrophoresis; Hexosaminidases; Humans; Isoelectric Focusing; Isoenzymes; Leukemia; Lymphoma; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Cytodiagnosis; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoma; Male; Middle Aged; Naphthol AS D Esterase; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Biopsy; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Cytodiagnosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Metastasis; Lymphoma; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; B-Lymphocytes; Bone Marrow; Female; Glucuronidase; Humans; Lymphoma; Male; Middle Aged

Histologic material from 44 patients with follicular center cell lymphomas with a follicular growth pattern was divided into five groups on the basis of the predominating neoplastic cell type(s), i.e., small centrocytes with occasional centroblasts (SCC), centrocytes and few (CBCC/A) or many (CBCC/B) centroblasts, small and large centrocytes (SLCC), and small and large centroblasts (SLCB). Histologic, immunologic, and enzymehistochemical parameters as observed in these groups were compared, and follow-up material and material obtained during staging procedures were studied. Immunologic and enzymehistochemical findings confirmed both the B-cell origin and the neoplastic nature of the lymphomas, but did not yield relevant differences between the various groups. The groups with a predominance of small centrocytes or of small centrocytes and centroblasts showed the most prominent follicular growth and early dissemination to bone marrow and spleen. Histologic transformation in these groups was characterized by an increase in the number of centroblasts and a more diffuse growth pattern. The groups composed of small and large centrocytes or centroblasts tended to a more diffuse growth and had later dissemination and no histological transformation.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Marrow; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Lymphoma; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Sex Factors; Spleen

The status of acid phosphatase isoenzymes was evaluated in cells of patients with acute lymphocytic leukemias or lymphomas by analytical isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels (IEF) on horizontal thin-layer slabs. The isoenzyme patterns were correlated with routine immunological cell surface markers and the relationship of enzyme activity to specific immunological subclasses of ALL is discussed. By isoelectric focusing up to five isoenzyme groups (I-V) containing several isoenzyme were observed. No leukemia specific or additional isoenzyme could be demonstrated. This biochemical characterization showed a marked heterogeneity within two major immunologic subgroups indicating that various differentiation stages of cell maturation could be involved in cALL and T-ALL. According to their degree of maturation along T-cell differentiation axis the leukemic cells displayed no enzyme activity, weak isoenzyme bands or the incomplete or complete isoenzyme pattern seen with normal lymphocytes from human tonsils which were used as controls. The investigation of specific enzymatic patterns can lead to a further definition of subsets of acute leukemias and give insight into lymphopoietic differentiation.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma; Palatine Tonsil

Twenty-four cases of cutaneous lymphomas were classified as T-cell (18 cases), B-cell (three cases), and true histiocytic (three cases), on the basis of the histochemical and immunohistochemical characteristics. Important differences in clinical and histopathologic features exist among these three types: skin lesions of T-cell lymphoma are usually chronic, pruritic, and sometimes ulcerative; those of B-cell lymphoma are nonpruritic and nonulcerative; lesions of true histiocytic lymphoma are often pruritic and ulcerative. All three patients with true histiocytic lymphoma died within six months of diagnosis. Two of the three patients with B-cell lymphoma died within two years of diagnosis. Only two of the 18 patients with T-cell lymphoma died, one after 12 years and the other after six years. Histologically, B-cell lymphoma shows a grenz zone in the upper dermis and absence of epidermal involvement; both T-cell and true histiocytic lymphomas show epidermal infiltration and absence of a grenz zone. True histiocytic lymphoma can appear similar to T-cell lymphoma clinically and histologically by routine examination, but histiocytic lymphoma has a much worse prognosis. Histochemical and immunohistochemical studies are very helpful in the differential diagnosis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; B-Lymphocytes; Female; Histiocytes; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Lymphadenitis; Lymphoma; Male; Middle Aged; Sex Ratio; Skin Neoplasms; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Glucuronidase; Hexosaminidases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia; Lymphoma; Microscopy, Electron; T-Lymphocytes

Acid phosphatase and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase reaction patterns were evaluated in lymphocytes from patients with a variety of neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions: leukemia, 59; NHL, 53; and reactive follicular hyperplasia, 23. Fifteen individuals with normal peripheral blood were also studied. For both enzymes, statistical analysis showed a strong correlation between a globular reaction pattern and T lymphocytic origin in both non-neoplastic lymph nodes and normal peripheral blood specimens (P less than 0.0001). A similarly strong correlation was found between a granular acid phosphatase pattern and T lymphocytic origin in cell isolated from non-neoplastic lymph nodes (P less than 0.0001) but not in those obtained from normal peripheral blood where this pattern was observed with equal frequency in B, T, and "null" lymphocytes (P = 0.415). A granular alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase pattern was correlated with non-T lymphocytes from normal peripheral blood (P less than 0.0001), but was observed with equal frequency in B, T, and "null" lymphocytes fron non-neoplastic lymph nodes (P = 0.76). In the eight T cell neoplasias studied, a globular pattern was evident in the majority of cells for both enzymes. In the majority of the B cell neoplasias, however, a granular pattern was observed for both enzymes.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hyperplasia; Leukemia; Lymph Nodes; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Rosette Formation; Staining and Labeling; T-Lymphocytes

Seven transplantable leukemias and lymphomas which occurred in NZB mice were characterized immunologically and cytologically as B-cell type of L66-, 2709-, 2769- find S77-lines, and T-cell type of TH17-, TH90- and S29-lines. These were also studied with enzyme histochemistry in tissue sections. All B-cell tumors revealed strong activities of ATPase and 5'-nucleotidase and one expressed A1Pase activity on the cell surface. Two thymic lymphomas (TH17- and TH90-lines) and one T-cell leukemia (S29-line) showed negative reactions of ATPase and 5'-nucleotidase but positive activities of AcPase and non-specific esterase localized in their cytoplasms. A1Pase activity was expressed in TH90-lymphoma but not in TH17- and S29-lymphomas. A1Pase recognized in L66- and TH90-lymphomas showed similar reaction to those of Nagao's isoenzyme. The splenic follicles of normal NZB mice reacted to ATPase and 5'-nucleotidase in B-cell area (primary follicles) and to AcPase and non-specific esterase in T-cell area (PALS) with the localized reaction. Data suggest that four enzymes of ATPase, 5'-nucleotidase, AcPase and non-specific esterase are useful for the differentiation of B- and T-cells and their malignant counterparts.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Animals; B-Lymphocytes; Esterases; Leukemia, Experimental; Lymphoma; Mice; Mice, Inbred NZB; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neoplasms, Experimental; Spleen; T-Lymphocytes; Thymus Gland

In 4 adults with malignant lymphoma and in 3 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia the acid phosphatase activity in lymphocytes during the consecutive cycles of polychemotherapy was examined paralelly with the estimation of the receptors for sheep erythrocytes. Depression of the enzymatic reaction was observed immediately after the onset of the cytostatic treatment, its normalization between the cycles and after the full remission was reached. A remarkable and lasting decrease of the phosphatase positive lymphocytes and a change in the expression of the enzymatic reaction was noticed in the course of L-asparaginase administration. The presented investigations are the continuation of the authors' earlier studies on the positive correlation between the rosette test with neuraminidase treated sheep erythrocytes and the acid phosphatase activity in lymphoproliferative diseases.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythrocytes; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma; Middle Aged; Rosette Formation; Sheep

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Breast Neoplasms; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Diagnosis, Differential; Dysgerminoma; Female; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lymphoma; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Osteosarcoma; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Testicular Neoplasms

Recent studies on the polymorphism of lysosomal hydrolases have shown that all individual blood cell types in the human being possess their own isoenzyme pattern. In the present study acid phosphatase activity of normal human B-lymphocytes and of four different types of low-grade malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas according to the Kiel classification was estimated. In addition, the isoenzyme pattern of AcP was investigated by isoelectric focusing. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia of B-cell type (N = 9) and centroblastic centrocytic follicular lymphoma (N = 10) demonstrated significantly lower values than lymphoplasmacytic/lymphoplasmacytoid lymphomas (N = 28) and plasmacytomas (N = 8). The isoenzyme pattern of normal human B-lymphocytes comprised 12 bands between pH 6.3 and 3.85. This basical pattern was shared by all four lymphoma entities. Only lymphoplasmatic lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma and plasmacytoma revealed additional bands, which probably account for the higher net enzyme activity in these cases.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Humans; Isoelectric Focusing; Isoenzymes; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma

Ten cases of T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia were studied with light and electron microscopy. Cytochemical strains were performed on touch preparations, and mononuclear cell suspensions were tested for spontaneous rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes, C3 receptors, and surface immunoglobulins. The present investigation was performed to evaluate several ultrastructural parameters, mainly the nuclear shape, as diagnostic clues for this group of lymphomas. Characteristic convoluted nuclei were present in 7 to 47% of the lymphoblasts. This percentage correlated with the focal acid phosphatase reaction and E-rosette formation. Acid phosphatase was the best cytochemical marker (70-100% of the lymphoblasts showed focal reaction product). By ultrastructural cytochemistry, the reaction product was demonstrated in the Golgi cisternae and primary lysosomes. The cell suspensions obtained from different sources contained 14 to 95% E-rosette-forming cells. No specific morphologic, cytochemical, or immunologic differences were found between patients with or without mediastinal involvement.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Cell Nucleus; Child; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma; Male; Mediastinal Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; Receptors, Complement; Rosette Formation; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Child; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Rosette Formation

Comparison between membrane markers and enzyme markers was made in 74 cases of non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas and a good correlation appears between both methods in order to distinct lymphomas into T and B origin. Enzyme markers are reliable and provide quickly made and easily interpretable documents. As far as T-lymphomas are concerned, three hydrolases namely acid phosphates e, acid esterase and B-glucuronidase give the same good results. As for B-lymphomas, a specific enzyme marker has to be found. Furthermore, typing of malignant lymphomas by enzymatic and/or immunologic methods appears to be quite better than from morphologic features such as convoluted or cleaved nuclei for example.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Esterases; Glucuronidase; Humans; Lymphoma; Methods; T-Lymphocytes

The effect of gamma-rays on lysosomal enzyme activity of normal and immune macrophages of DBA/2 mice cultured in vitro has been studied. Quantitative cytochemical methods have been used for measuring lysosomal enzyme activity. A dose of 500 rad did not significantly affect lysosomal enzyme activity 3 hours after irradiation but caused the activity to increase to 1x4 times the control value 22x5 hours after irradiation. 22x5 hours after a dose of 3000 rad the enzyme activity increased to 2x5 times the control. Lysosomal enzyme activity of the macrophages was also markedly increased by immunization of the mice with D lymphoma cells, before culture in vitro, but irradiation of these cells with a dose of 500 rad caused a further increase in lysosomal enzyme activity. The results indicate that immunization and irradiation both cause stimulation of lysosomal enzyme activity in macrophages but that the mechanisms of activation are unlikely to be identical.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Enzyme Activation; Gamma Rays; Lymphoma; Lysosomes; Macrophages; Mice; Mice, Inbred DBA; Time Factors

Activity and isoelectric focusing (IEF) pattern of lysosomal acid phosphatase (E.C.3.1.3.2.) were investigated in 55 cases of low-grade malignant B-cell lymphoma, classified as chronic B-lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), centroblastic/centrocytic follicular lymphoma (CB/CC), lymphoplasmacytic/lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma (Immunocytoma, IC), and plasmacytoma (PC), applying the criteria of the Kiel classification. The results show (1) that the four lymphoma types present a characteristic range of enzyme activity in an increasing order: B-CLL, BC/CC, IC, and PC. B lymphocytes, germinal center cells, and plasmacytes are the main constituents of these lymphomas. This sequence might reflect one possible mode of B-cell transformation into plasmacytes traversing an amplification stage in germinal centers under normal conditions. (2) All cases showed the basic IEF pattern of normal B lymphocytes with 12 bands localized in three regions between pH 6.1 and 3.9. This finding supports the B-cell origin and the close phenotypical relationship among the investigated lymphomas. (3) The IEF patterns of B-CLL and CB/CC did not differ from that of normal B lymphocytes, whereas two additional isoenzymes were encountered in cases of IC and seven in PC; this suggests that the higher enzyme activity of IC and PC is at least partly due to the appearance of "new" isoenzymes. The results support the validity of the underlying classification and indicate the individually, B-cell origin, and close relationship among the four lymphoma entities investigated.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Humans; Isoelectric Focusing; Isoenzymes; Lymphoma; Lysosomes

We report a case of a T-zone malignant lymphoma of a cervical lymph node developing in a 25-year-old man. Only 14% of the marrow was originally involved, but within two months massive, leukemic dissemination ensued. The blast cells were unable to bind sheep erythrocytes (E) but expressed human thymus leukemia antigen (HTLA) and common ALL-stem-cell (cALL) antigen and had high terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) and acid phosphatase activity. These findings suggest a malignant lymphoproliferative disorder of pre-T-cell type. Complete remission was achieved with intensive chemotherapy. Two months later, acute myelomonocytic leukemia was diagnosed; at this time, over 90% of the blast cells were peroxidase, sudan black, and chloracetate-esterase positive. Consistent with loss of high TdT activity and HTLA and cALL antigens, 86% of the blasts now expressed Ia-like antigens. Cytogenetic studies demonstrated hyperdiploidy. Reports of granulocytic leukemia in lymphoma are reviewed in the context of the above findings and the hypothesis that a leukemogenic factor affects a multipotential stem cell.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Antigens, Neoplasm; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lymphoma; Male; Rosette Formation

Peripheral blood smears and bone-marrow smears from 29 patients with malignant M-components (25 with multiple myeloma and 4 with malignant lymphoma), 13 patients with benign monoclonal gammopathy (BMG), and 20 patients with polyclonal reactive plasmacytosis were examined by leucocyte alkaline phosphatase score (LAP-score) and by acid phosphatase score in plasma cells from bone-marrow smears. Furthermore, tissue sections from marrow biopsies from all patients were examined by the three-layer unlabelled immunoperoxidase technique to detect cytoplasmic immunoglobulin. The LAP-score was significantly higher in patients with malignant M-components than in patients with BMG and also higher in IgA and IgG myeloma than in IgA and IgG BMG, but the latter difference was not significant. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation between paraprotein concentration and LAP-score was found in multiple myeloma. Acid phosphatase score in plasma cells showed no clear distinction between multiple myeloma and BMG. Immunohistochemical examination showed a distinct monoclonal pattern in both multiple myeloma and BMG, allowing identification of the M-component which in all cases corresponded to the M-component detected by serum examination. Cells producing immunoglobulin classes not matching the M-component were more rare in multiple myeloma than in BMG, but the difference between the two conditions was quantitative and allowed no clear distinction.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Marrow; Humans; Hypergammaglobulinemia; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Immunoglobulins; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma; Multiple Myeloma; Plasmacytoma

Topics: Acetates; Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Biopsy; Blood Cells; Bone Marrow; Butyrates; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Diagnosis, Differential; Fixatives; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia; Lymphoma; Microtomy; Rats

The Kiel classification of lymphomas based on cytological criteria can be applied to tumor cell types found in liver infiltrates as well. Lymphomas with low degree of malignancy are delineated distinctly against the normal parenchyma; the borderline is slightly blurred only in the centroblastic-centrocytic subtype. Generally, the portal fields in these cases are round-shaped, expanded, and filled with lymphoid cells. Lymphomas with a high degree of malignancy are characterized on the contrary by portal fields with very irregular borderlines; in some cases there is a certain similarity to piece meal necrosis. There is an increased incidence of mitoses in the malignant tissue. Bile ducts are often disrupted. Hair cell leukemia can be differentiated in paraffin sections too, if tartrate-resistent acid phosphotase is present.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Liver Neoplasms; Lymphoma; Mitosis; Neoplasm Invasiveness

Topics: 5'-Nucleotidase; Acid Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Cell Separation; Erythrocytes; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma; Nucleotidases; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; Receptors, Fc; Receptors, Immunologic; Rosette Formation

Fifty-two cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were studied with enzyme histochemical methods. Forty-four cases of these were also investigated for surface markers with immunological techniques, and results of histochemical, routine histological and immunological observations were correlated. Twenty-one of 27 B-cell lymphomas showed prominent ATPase activity, while all 13 T-cell lymphomas, except one case, did not show such activity. Nodular lymphomas, though of B-cell nature, were often negative for ATPase and it remained negative after diffuse evolution in some. Four of 7 A1Pase positive lymphomas were of B-cell origin. Dot-like localized AcPase and beta-glucuronidase activity characterized T-cell lymphomas while 5 T-cell PDL, including lymphoblastic type with double markers, showed localized esterase activity. Enzyme histochemical characteristics of lymphomas were fairly honest reflection of those of various functional units in the normal lymph nodes. Enzyme histochemical methods appeared to be a useful tool for the study of lymphomas.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Child; Female; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoma; Male; Middle Aged

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Chromatography, Gel; Humans; Isoelectric Point; Isoenzymes; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lymphoma; Solubility; Thymus Gland

In 14 adult patients suffering from lymphoproliferative diseases, the relation between numbers of lymphocytes determined by the rosette test (nSE) with neuraminidase-treated sheep red blood cells and numbers of lymphocytes giving a positive reaction for acid phosphatase was determined. Statistical analysis of multiple test results in the patients (n = 38) showed highly positive correlation between the two markers. A similar positive correlation in the course of cytostatic treatment was observed in selected patients with type T and B cell lymphoma. The results indicate that determination of acid phosphatase activity can serve as an additional marker of T lymphocytes in groups of patients with lymphoproliferative disease.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Neuraminidase; Rosette Formation; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Esterases; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Lymphoma; T-Lymphocytes

The significance of histo- and cytochemical enzyme investigations in the diagnosis of malignant Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) is evaluated. Histochemical enzyme methods complete the morphological diagnosis if some general principles of diagnostic histochemistry are observed. This is particularly true for the diagnosis of the hairy cell leukemia, the T-lymphoblastoma and the histiocytic reticulosarcoma.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Diagnosis, Differential; Esterases; Glucuronidase; Histiocytes; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Diagnosis, Differential; Histiocytes; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Lymph Nodes; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma; Neoplasm Metastasis; Nucleoproteins; Peroxidases

An immunochemical method for detection of prostatic acid phosphatase is described. Acid phosphatase was obtained from benign human prostatic tissue. A specific antiserum to this enzyme was produced in rabbits. A counter immunoelectrophoretic method utilizing the specific antiserum with a chemical staining technique has been developed. Clinical trials have indicated the usefulness of this method for the specific determination of prostatic acid phosphatase.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Animals; Counterimmunoelectrophoresis; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Immunoelectrophoresis; Lymphoma; Male; Middle Aged; Prostate; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Rabbits

Ninety diffuse large-cell lymphomas (diffuse histiocytic lymphoma) were subclassified into B-cell, T-cell, and histiocytic types according to their enzyme histochemical and immunohistochemical characteristics. The B-cell type was characterized by presence of intracellular monoclonal immunoglobulin; negative or weakly positive diffuse acid phosphatase activity; and an occasional focal nodular pattern or preceding nodular lymphoma. The T-cell type was characterized by moderate, focal acid phosphatase activity; convoluted nuclear structure; and frequent preceding cutaneous manifestations. The histiocytic type was characterized by strong nonspecific esterases and diffuse acid phosphatase activity and presence of lysozyme and phagocytic activity. Most of the lesions (74 cases) were of the B-cell type. This group was further subdivided into follicular center cell type and B-cell immunoblastic sarcoma, according to the stage of cellular transformation. Preliminary clinical correlation suggests that the histiocytic type is most resistant to treatment. B-cell immunoblastic sarcomas were much more aggressive than neoplasms of the follicular center cell type.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; B-Lymphocytes; Esterases; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Frozen Sections; Glucuronidase; Histiocytes; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Macrophages; Male; Middle Aged; Mortality; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; Rosette Formation; Staining and Labeling; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Autoradiography; Cytoplasmic Granules; Esterases; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoma; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; Staining and Labeling

The comparative morphological and histochemical studies of human thymic lymphocytes and 2 T--cell lymphomas allow the authors to emphasize the diagnostic value of a polar cytoplasmic acid phosphatase activity. This simple cytochemical method can provide permanent documentation easily stored and counted. It provides additional arguments to identify the stem cell of some human lymphomas.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Humans; Lymphoma; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Glucuronidase; Humans; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Glucuronidase; Humans; Lymphatic Diseases; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Humans; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Peroxidases

Rosetting and non-rosetting lymphocytes collected from normal individuals were stained for the presence of beta-glucuronidase, periodic-acid Schiff activity, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, acid phosphatase, and alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase. Lymphocytes which formed rosettes with sheep erythrocytes and non-rosette forming lymphocytes contained cytochemical reaction products for all five stains. Beta-glucuronidase (P less than 0-02) and acid phosphatase (P less than 0-01) were more frequently found in rosette forming lymphocytes. However, non-rosetting cells were more frequently periodic-acid Schiff positive (P less than 0-001). Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase were present equally in rosette and non-rosette forming lymphocytes. In addition, 33 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were studied for cell surface markers and cytochemical reactions. In 17 of 19 B cell lymphomas, there was a paucity of lymphocytes containing beta-glucuronidase. However, in three of four T cell proliferations, there were numerous lymphoid cells positive for beta-glucuronidase. The periodic-acid Schiff and acid phosphatase reactions varied greatly within B, T, and null cell lymphomas and thus were of little diagnostic value in determining the cell of origin of these neoplastic lymphoid cells.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Esterases; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glucuronidase; Humans; Immunologic Techniques; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Esterases; Female; Glucuronidase; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Male; Middle Aged; Mycosis Fungoides; Nucleotidases; Rosette Formation

29 cases of T-cell derived lymphoblastic lymphoma and T-ALL have been analyzed. There is a striking prevalence of the male sex. In the peripheral blood we often find initially an excessive number of white blood cells combined with normal values for the other constituents in about half of the patients; This may be an expression for the rapid occurrence of leukaemia in T-cell lymphosarcoma. In addition to systemic ALL-therapy we performed X-ray irradiation of the mediastinum in 8 of our patients. This yielded to significantly longer first complete remissions. All patients with T-cell LSA/ALL with or without mediastinal mass should be treated in this manner. Cytochemically a strong focal acid phosphatase reaction was found to be acharacteristic of these cells. It has proved to be a screening method for this disease. The cells are T-cell derived and their pattern of surface markers is similar to that found in fetal thymocytes.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Age Factors; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma; Male; Mediastinal Neoplasms; Remission, Spontaneous; Sex Factors; T-Lymphocytes

beta-Glucuronidase activity was semiquantitatively estimated in the cells of lymph node (LN) imprints from patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD), diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), normal lymph nodes, and benign lymphadenopathies. In addition, in some of these cases beta-glucuronidase activity was semiquantitatively determined in peripheral blood smear lymphocytes. The beta-glucuronidase score (betaGS) was very low in the cells of the LN imprints from patients with diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The LN lymphocytes of HD had a normal betaGS independently of the histological subtype of the disease, while in the LN imprint of CLL the enzyme activity was low, normal, or high. The betaGS of the lymphocytes in LN imprints of normal controls and HD were in general significantly lower compared with he lymphocytes of the peripheral blood smears in the same cases. The relation of our findings to the B and T cell origin of malignant lymphomas and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia is discussed.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; B-Lymphocytes; Child; Female; Glucuronidase; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoma; Male; Middle Aged; T-Lymphocytes

A case of T-cell lymphoma with an unusual phenotype is described. The majority of malignant tumour cells did not form E-rosettes, and lacked surface immunoglobulin but reacted with an antiserum to T cells and thymocytes. Localised acid phosphatase and non-specific alpha naphthol acid esterase activities and a prominent, convoluted, nuclear pattern in some neoplastic cells also supported the T cell derivation. The results demonstrate the importance of using a panel of markers for identification of the cellular derivation of some lymphomas.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Esterases; Humans; Lymphoma; Male; Middle Aged; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; Rosette Formation; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Esterases; Humans; Lymphatic Diseases; Lymphoma; Mycosis Fungoides; Skin Neoplasms; Syndrome; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; B-Lymphocytes; Child; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma; Male; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; Prognosis; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; Rosette Formation; T-Lymphocytes

The malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of childhood are of highgrade malignancy only. There are lymphoblastic and immunoblastic forms. The lymphoblastic lymphomas can be of the Burkitt type (B-cell-derived) or of the "convoluted" or acid phosphatase type (T-cell-derived). A larger number of the lymphoblastic lymphomas are "unclassified" and usually do not belong to either the B-or the T-cell system (stem-cell-derived?). Most of the immunoblastic lymphomas (previously called "reticulosarcomas") are derived from the B-cell series. Besides the lymphomas in the actual sense, there are also true histiocytic reticulosarcomas of childhood. Hodgkin's disease is probably more common in childhood than all of the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas combined.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Age Factors; B-Lymphocytes; Burkitt Lymphoma; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Germany, West; Humans; Infant; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Male; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Animals; B-Lymphocytes; Cell Nucleus; Complement C3; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Male; Middle Aged; Rosette Formation; Sheep; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Clone Cells; Humans; Immunoglobulin Fragments; Immunoglobulin M; Isoelectric Focusing; Leukemia; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; Rosette Formation

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Electrophoresis, Disc; Isoenzymes; Leukemia; Lymphoma; Tartrates

A 41-year-old man developed intense itching without visible cutaneous changes, epigastric pressure pain, and a slight intolerance to alcohol. He was found to have persistent blood eosinophilia. The eosinophil granulocytes were of abnormal appearance in the light microscope: larger than normal, the nuclei were multilobulated (4-6 lobes), the cytoplasm contained atypical, large granules, ample glycogen, and up to 12 vacuoles. In the electron microscope too the eosinophil granules were entirely atypical, having an electron-dense matrix, often with a light central inclusion body which was inhomogeneous, having longitudinally oriented structures with a periodicity of about 10 nm. These findings are quite contrary to normal eosinophil granules. Enzymic studies of cytoplasmic enzymes from the granulocytes revealed a greatly reduced content of eosinophil cationic proteins, whereas 5 (7) other enzymes were present in a normal or slightly reduced quantity. The phagocytic capacity of the eosinophils against latex particles was normal. The patient developed generalized lymphomas, histologically very malignant, of the convoluted, acid phosphatase positive cell type (T-cell lymphoma). Sub-population studies of lymphocytes from a lymph node revealed 58% TE cells, while the remainder were B cells. At death, 3-1/2 years after the onset of symptoms, severe endomyocardial fibrosis was found. The thymus could not be identified. It is concluded that lymphomas should be described on the bais of clinical, histological, and histochemical criteria as well as studies of lymphocyte sub-populations and that the highly unusual eosinophil granulocytes still deserve particular attention. The endocardial fibrosis is assumed to have been due to substances liberated from the eosinophil cells.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Biopsy; Bone Marrow; Cytoplasmic Granules; Endomyocardial Fibrosis; Eosinophilia; Eosinophils; Granulocytes; Humans; Lymphoma; Male; Peroxidases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Child; Child, Preschool; Esterases; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma; Middle Aged; Peroxidases; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Lymphoblasts from ten patients with ALL or stage IV malignant lymphoma were studied cytochemically and investigated for rosette-forming capacity with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) as a T cell surface marker. SRBC binding capacity and acid phosphatase or beta-glucuronidase were tested simultaneously in single lymphocytes isolated from normal blood donors. Our results suggest that the presence of acid phosphatase (and beta-glucuronidase) represents a functional state of lymphocytes or lymphoblasts qualitatively independent of T cell differentiation, but quantitatively more pronounced in T cells than in B lymphocytes or non-T lymphoblasts.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Glucuronidase; Humans; Immunologic Techniques; Infant; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma; Male; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Cell Nucleus; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; T-Lymphocytes

The term ""cutaneous lymphoma'' is used for lymphoreticular proliferative processes which primarily affect the skin. This term includes: mycosis fungoides, Sezary-syndrome and ""pagetoid epidermotropic reticulosis''; ""malignant reticulosis'', ""reticulum cell sarcoma'' and lymphosarcoma; in a wide sense of this term pseudolymphomas (lymphadenosis benigna cutis, benign lymphocytoma), specific skin infiltrates in leukemia and Hodgkin's disease might be included as well.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Binding Sites, Antibody; Esterases; Humans; Lymphoma; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; T-Lymphocytes

A transplantable mouse lymphoblastic tumor with unusual azurophilic granules has been recently reported. The present tumor has been studied with Gomori and Novikoff methods for lysosomal marker, acid phosphatase. By electron microscopy enzyme was found in granules surrounded by single or double membrane, which displayed a wide morphologic range appearing as 1. vesicular, 2. multivesicular, 3. compound, 4. granular and 5. tubular bodies. The occurrence and the amount of enzyme activity in the granules appeared dependent on their morphology. It was least in vesicular bodies and most in granular organelles, characteristically at their periphery. Since the present tumor, labelled C3HST4, is an unusual rich source of azurophilic granules, it might be useful for further studies of lysosomal bodies. Their functions are poorly understood. Similar structures have been observed in normal human lymphocytes and those from chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cytoplasmic Granules; Golgi Apparatus; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma; Lysosomes; Membranes; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Microscopy, Electron; Neoplasms, Experimental

Tumours induced in mice, either CBA normal and chimaerical, or C3H, by (90)Sr or (226)Ra or plutonium have been examined histochemically with (1) diazotate fast red violet LB salt in naphthol AS-MX phosphate buffer at pH 8·6 and 5·2, (2) 1: 9 dimethyl methylene blue (Taylor).It is concluded:(a) The diagnosis of osteosarcoma is facilitated with Taylor's Blue which stains osteoid metachromatically. Cells of osteosarcoma, like normal osteoblasts, contain alkaline phosphatase but this may be lost by mutation either in the original tumour or subsequently on passage of the tumour serially to compatible hosts.(b) Osteosarcomata may contain giant-cells of two forms, bizarre tumour cells and osteoclasts; the latter contain acid phosphatase. Osteosarcomata which retain their osteoid on serial passage have few cells containing acid phosphatases.(c) Primitive mesenchymal cell tumours of angiomatous form may occur, if the bone marrow is irradiated, e.g. by (90)Sr-(90)Y and Pu. These tumours lack osteoid and cells interpretable as osteoblasts or osteoclasts (though they destroy bone).(d) Tumours classifiable as fibrosarcomata occur rarely, and may be truly of fibroblastic origin or be mutated osteosarcomata.(e) Lymphomata also occur when the marrow is irradiated ((90)Sr-(90)Y and Pu). They may be generalized, when their cells may contain alkaline phosphatase or lack it. They may be localized to abdominal viscera, the reticulo-sarcomatous form, in which case the cells lack alkaline phosphatase.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Color; Coloring Agents; Fibrosarcoma; Hemorrhage; Histocytochemistry; Lymphoma; Mesenchymoma; Mice; Neoplasms, Experimental; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced; Osteosarcoma; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Plutonium; Radiation Dosage; Radioisotopes; Radium; Staining and Labeling; Strontium Radioisotopes; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Yttrium Isotopes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Child; Child, Preschool; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Leukemia; Lymphoma

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cell Nucleus; Cyclophosphamide; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Histocytochemistry; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lymphoma; Lysosomes; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Mitochondria; Mitosis; Neoplasms, Experimental; Sex Factors; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Time Factors; Urogenital Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic; Lymphoma; Lysosomes; Macrophages; Mice; Mice, Inbred CBA; Mice, Inbred DBA; Microscopy, Electron

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Analgesics; Carcinoma; Estradiol; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Liver; Lymphoma; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prostatic Neoplasms; Urethane; Veins

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Cell Division; Cell Line; Culture Techniques; Cytoplasm; Enzyme Induction; Glucosidases; Glucuronidase; Lymphoma; Lysosomes; Mice; Peptide Hydrolases; Sodium Chloride; Sucrose

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cell Line; Chloramphenicol; Cycloheximide; DNA, Neoplasm; Esterases; Glucosamine; Glycoproteins; Leucine; Lymphoma; Macromolecular Substances; Mice; Mitochondria; Monoamine Oxidase; Neoplasm Proteins; Nucleotidases; RNA, Neoplasm; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Thymidine; Tritium; Uracil Nucleotides; Uridine

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Lymphoma; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Myeloma; Muramidase; Sarcoidosis; Seasons

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Body Weight; Cricetinae; Detergents; Female; Kidney; Liver; Lymphoma; Lysosomes; Microscopy, Electron; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Transplantation; Organ Size; Surface-Active Agents

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cricetinae; Hemorrhage; Lymphoma; Macrophages; Monocytes; Necrosis; Neoplasm Transplantation; Transplantation, Homologous

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Culture Techniques; Esterases; Glycogen; Humans; Lectins; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Culture Techniques; Esterases; Glycogen; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Lectins; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adaptation, Biological; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Blood Proteins; Carcinogens; Cattle; Cell Differentiation; Complement Fixation Tests; Embryo, Mammalian; Fetus; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glucuronidase; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Histocytochemistry; Horses; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lipids; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma; Mice; Microscopy, Electron; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neoplasms, Experimental; Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue; Oncogenic Viruses

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cricetinae; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Histocytochemistry; Lymphoid Tissue; Lymphoma; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neoplasms, Experimental; Transplantation, Homologous

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Culture Techniques; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Electron Transport Complex IV; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Histocytochemistry; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lymphoma; Malate Dehydrogenase; NAD; NADP; Neoplasms, Experimental; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Thyroid Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Carcinoma; Colonic Neoplasms; Coloring Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Histocytochemistry; Histological Techniques; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphoma; Male; Melanoma; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Pathology; Prostatic Neoplasms; Rhabdomyosarcoma; Sarcoma; Staining and Labeling; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Anemia; Anemia, Aplastic; Azo Compounds; Blood Cells; Bone Marrow Cells; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Multiple Myeloma; Mycosis Fungoides; Neoplasms; Polycythemia Vera; Sarcoma