acid-phosphatase and Lymphoma--Non-Hodgkin

We have studied ten patients with a lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by massive splenomegaly; minimal lymphadenopathy; varying degrees of blood cytopenias; circulating atypical lymphoid cells frequently with "hairy" cytoplasm; monoclonal serum paraprotein; and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase reactivity in the tumor cells of five patients tested. Although the clinical and laboratory features in most cases prompted a clinical diagnosis of "hairy cell leukemia" (HCL), histologic, ultrastructural and immunohistologic studies of multiple organs revealed distinctive features recognizably different from leukemic reticuloendotheliosis (LRE). Because this B lymphocyte proliferation may be mistaken for LRE in cases where careful histologic study is not performed, it may be responsible in part for the conflicting data in attempts to characterize the cell of origin of the latter disease. Clinical and experimental data in HCL must be questioned if they do not include histopathologic confirmation of the diagnosis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin M; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Splenomegaly; Tartrates

Because of marrow fibrosis, bone marrow aspirations are often nonconclusive in patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL). Therefore, histologic examination is important in HCL but often difficult in cases with low numbers of tumor cells. A combined immunohistochemical positivity for DBA.44 and tartrate-resistant phosphatase was previously found in 100% of HCL and suggested to be specific for this diagnosis. To further assess the diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of this immunohistochemical approach in a higher number of cases, we analyzed 56 HCLs and lymphoma tissue microarrays, including 840 cases of the most frequent non-Hodgkin lymphomas. All HCLs showed combined positivity for these two proteins (100% sensitivity). Both antibodies were often positive in other lymphoma types. DBA.44 reactivity was especially frequent in follicular lymphomas (46%), whereas tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) expression was often seen in mantle cell lymphomas (57%), primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphomas (54%), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (41%). A combined DBA.44/TRAP positivity was seen in only 3% of non-HCL non-Hodgkin lymphomas, including cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, follicular lymphomas, chronic lymphatic leukemia/small lymphocytic leukemias, and mantle cell lymphomas. Overall, these data confirm the utility of combined immunohistochemical DBA.44/TRAP expression analysis in confirming the diagnosis of HCL. However, combined positivity for these markers is highly sensitive but not absolutely specific for HCL.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Isoenzymes; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Tissue Array Analysis

Osteolysis and hypercalcemia are observed in 5-15%, and 10%, respectively, of malignant lymphoma patients during their clinical course. However, both osteolysis and hypercalcemia are uncommon at onset of the disease. We encountered a 24-year-old male non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patient who had multiple osteolytic lesion from the onset of the disease and repeated episodes of hypercalcemia during the clinical course. The patient died with refractory disease. We studied the expression of chemokines which might affect bone resorption using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. Increased expressions of MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta and RANKL, which are osteoclast-activating factors, were observed in the RNA derived from the patient's lymphoma cells. The secretion of osteoclast-activating factors such as MIP-1alpha by the tumor cells (and/or bone marrow stromal cells) might be involved in the etiology of osteolysis and hypercalcemia in some malignant lymphoma cases.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Biopsy; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Resorption; Carrier Proteins; Chemokine CCL3; Chemokine CCL4; Chemokines; Fatal Outcome; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Immunophenotyping; Isoenzymes; Low Back Pain; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Membrane Glycoproteins; Osteoclasts; Osteolysis; RANK Ligand; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

Integrating microdensitometry has been used to quantitate changes in 4 cytoplasmic enzymes (NADH dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase), DNA, RNA and glycogen in developing macrophages from 17 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 19 normal subjects. Cytochemical measurements were made at intervals over 6 days of suspension culture; over 16 000 individual cells were examined in total and the results subjected to analysis of variance. While the levels of enzymes and RNA of both groups showed increases over the period of culture, the levels of alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase in the patients' cells were consistently lower than the corresponding values for the normal cells and glycogen levels were higher, these differences satisfying the pre-determined requirements for statistical significance. It is concluded that (a) maturational changes take place in cytochemical constituents of developing macrophages of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (b) there are disturbances affecting the amounts of the specific enzyme alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase and glycogen (c) these abnormalities may be part of a compromise of host defense mechanisms by the disease, although a pre-existing defect in esterase increasing the susceptibility to malignancy is another possibility, and (d) the methods used may be of value in future investigations of the cause of the disturbances and their correction.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Cells, Cultured; Female; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Macrophages; Male; Middle Aged; NADH Dehydrogenase; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Conventional light and electron microscopic studies, together with cytochemical and immunocytochemical staining procedures, were carried out to ascertain whether the lymphomata of four elderly female patients living within 10 kilometers of each other, who presented within a short space of time with massive splenomegaly and varying cytopenia, belonged to any particular subgroup of lymphoma. In each case the lymphoma had a diffuse pattern and mature B cell phenotype. The malignant cells were of uniform cell type, slightly larger than admixed polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and showed minimal nuclear irregularity and positivity for tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. Their clinical and morphological features were compared with those of other lymphoproliferative disorders, but while sharing some features in common with each condition, this small group of patients seemed to have a unique combination of findings. The cytopenias of all four responded well after removal of the spleen and their disease has not been aggressive. It is concluded that these patients have a distinct subgroup of lymphoma, which it is important to recognise so that inappropriate use of aggressive cytotoxic drugs can be avoided.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Female; Humans; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Middle Aged; Space-Time Clustering; Splenic Neoplasms; Staining and Labeling; Tartrates

Stromal cell numbers from subjects with no haematological disease and those with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL), acute lymphatic leukaemia (ALL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were compared to determine their role in malignancy. Frozen sections of trephine biopsy specimens from iliac crests were stained for endogenous alkaline phosphatase activity, endogenous acid phosphatase activity, and, using immunocytochemical methods, for endothelial cells (anti-factor-VIII related antigen) and macrophages and related cells (EBM/11). In granulocytic malignancies, whether acute or chronic, alkaline phosphatase positive reticulum cells (AL-RC) and vascular endothelial cells were generally increased. In lymphoid malignancies, the numbers of AL-RC were generally reduced. Numbers of vascular endothelial cells seemed to be normal in ALL but reduced in foci of NHL. Macrophages are numerous in normal marrow, and their numbers seemed to be normal in granulocytic lesions but were more variable and sometimes reduced in ALL and NHL. Lymphoid malignancies, therefore, have a destructive effect on some stromal elements; granulocytic malignancies are associated with normal or increased numbers of stromal cells. A possible consequence of depleted stromal cells might be slower reconstitution of normal haemopoiesis after treatment. The large numbers in granulocytic malignancies raises the possibility of synergistic stimulation between stromal and neoplastic cells.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Marrow; Cell Count; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Macrophages; Male; Middle Aged; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma

B-cell neoplasias such as CLL can be viewed as models of monoclonal populations restricted within discrete ranges of B-cell maturation. It is unknown whether other B-cell leukemias such as prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL), lymphoplasmacytoid immunocytoma (IC), and hairy cell leukemia (HCL) involve different B lineages or are malignant variants of B cells in successive stages of development along the same lineage. Therefore in vitro maturation was induced with the phorbol ester TPA in leukemic cell samples from 10 CLL, 4 PLL, and 4 IC patients. Morphologically, both plasmacytic and hairy cell-like phenomena were induced. The latter unexpected finding was confirmed by reaction with HD6 (CD22) antibody which stains HCL but is unreactive with plasma cells, multiple myeloma, and CLL cells. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase was demonstrated in TPA-cultured CLL, PLL, and IC cells, and the same isoenzyme band as in HCL was revealed by isoelectrofocusing. On the other hand, an increase of IgM messenger RNA was detected in up to 20% of the cells in CLL cultures by single-cell in situ hybridization with fluoro-chrome-labeled DNA probes. An abundance of IgM messenger RNA characterizes lymphoplasmacytoid cells as found in IC. Our data demonstrate that CLL, PLL, and IC can be induced to realize a common genetic program which bears characteristics of HCL indicating that these four entities are more closely related than previously thought.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antigens, Neoplasm; Humans; Immunoglobulin M; Isoenzymes; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Phenotype; RNA, Messenger; Tartrates; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) mononuclear cells were incubated with the phorbol ester TPA in an attempt to induce further maturation and were compared with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, prolymphocytic leukemia, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cells. Morphology, surface features, membrane markers, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and Ig secretion were examined. HCL cells spread and adhered firmly after TPA, producing elongated filopodia. Cells still retained ribosomal lamellar complexes, and increased numbers of dense bodies were seen. TPA enhanced the adherent and phagocytic properties of HCL cells, producing a modest increase in the expression of membrane Ig, GP-70, and Leu-M5 markers, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and Ig secretion. Other neoplastic B cells behaved differently, forming readily detachable clumps without elongated filopodia. Maturation to plasma cells and hairy cell features were readily evident in all cases. These differences in growth patterns were consistent and may be used to distinguish HCL from other B cell neoplasias.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens, Differentiation; Antigens, Surface; Cell Membrane; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; Tartrates; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate

Mononuclear cells concentrated from 11 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 7 with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in leukemic phase (NHL), 5 with hairy cell leukemia (HCL), 1 with prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL), and 1 with plasma cell leukemia (PCL) were induced to differentiate with various doses of TPA. The degree of induction was followed for up to 6 days by measuring the expression of surface membrane markers (SmIg and GP-70) and Ig secretion, the induction of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and by recording ultrastructural changes as seen by electronmicroscopy. The results show a dose and time dependency of the TPA effect and a great heterogeneity in the cellular response, particularly in cells obtained from B-CLL patients. TPA induced two main features, namely the development of "plasmacytoid" or "hairy cell" leukemia features that clearly depended on the dose and duration of treatment with the phorbol ester. The plasmacytoid features were more frequently encountered with lower doses (1 ng/ml) of TPA and were more evident after shorter exposures to TPA (1-2 days). Nevertheless, the hairy cell features were more striking after incubation with higher concentrations of TPA (10-100 ng/ml) after longer periods of incubation (up to 6 days) with lower doses of TPA. The various features of differentiation measured including cell morphology, surface membrane markers, Ig secretion, and TRAP staining, were frequently independent of each other, suggesting an autonomous pathway of differentiation for some of these features. Furthermore, in most of the cases, hairy cell leukemia features were obtained more frequently following TPA exposure than plasmacytic changes.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Cell Differentiation; Glycoproteins; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Isoenzymes; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Microscopy, Electron; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate

In 84 leukemic non-Hodgkin-lymphomas the diagnostic evidence of peripheral blood smears in Pappenheim-staining and diverse cytochemical reactions (PAS, alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, acid phosphatase, acid esterase, beta-glucuronidase) was analysed using a homogeneous cell grid (lymphatic differential blood picture). In all entities the small lymphocyte proved to be the most frequent cell-form. The other lymphomas of low malignity (intermediate malignity) can clearly be demarcated from the CLL by the more intense polymorphism of the blood smears and in the majority can be classified entity-related by the differential blood picture. For the diagnostic evidence of the differential blood picture proved significant that entity-typical cell-forms (e.g. lymphoplasmacytoid lymphocytes, centrocytes) following the small (mature) lymphocyte as cell-type of second frequency are flooded out into the peripheral blood in non-Hodgkin-lymphomas. Highly malignant lymphomas could clearly be demarcated from low-malignant ones by their higher proportion of blasts in the differential blood picture. Of the cytochemical reactions only the acid phosphatase, with definitely focal-perinuclear reaction, an importance as T-cell marker is ascribed.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukocyte Count; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; T-Lymphocytes

In human blood and bone marrow, dipeptidylaminopeptidase IV (DAP IV; EC 3.4.14.5) selectively occurs in T lymphocytes bearing Fc receptors for IgM. In the present study 35 cases of lymphoblastic lymphoma and leukemia were analysed for the specificity, incidence and reaction pattern of DAP IV. On the basis of immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies and enzyme cytochemical staining for acid phosphatase, 12 cases were classified as B-type neoplasms. In 23 cases T-cell properties were expressed to different extents, apparently reflecting different categories of maturation. Whereas B-cell lymphomas were invariably negative for DAP IV, seven of the 23 T-lymphoblastic lymphomas/leukemias showed this enzyme. Thus DAP IV is a highly specific marker for a distinct T-cell subpopulation, apparently irrespective of the stage of differentiation.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Bone Marrow; Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases; Endopeptidases; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Receptors, Fc; T-Lymphocytes

Since the advent of the newer classifications of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and the realization that the majority of tumors classified as histiocytic under the Rappaport classification were in fact of lymphocytic origin, there have been remarkably few reports of true histiocytic (monocyte/macrophage) tumors and it has been suggested by some that such tumors should not be considered as a variety of malignant lymphoma. This article describes five patients with malignant lymphoma of neither B- or T-lymphocyte origin in whom the malignant cells could be characterised immunologically, cytochemically, and immunohistochemically as of true histiocytic derivation. The cases showed considerable morphologic diversity but there were shared characteristics at both light microscopic and ultrastructural levels. Positive immunohistochemical staining for alpha 1-antitrypsin was the single most useful criterion in classifying these tumors. Without the use of special techniques there were no clinical or pathologic features that reliably distinguished these cases from non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of lymphocytic derivation. Tumors of histiocytic origin are, therefore, inevitably being included among the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and are most appropriately classified as such. Identification of histiocytic lymphomas should be encouraged so prognosis and optimum treatment can be established.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Receptors, Fc; Rosette Formation

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Immunoglobulin M; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Middle Aged; Naphthol AS D Esterase

Distinctive intracytoplasmic tubular complexes have been identified occasionally by electron microscopy in a wide variety of hematologic and nonhematologic disorders. The mechanism of induction and significance of these tubular complexes are unknown. Tubular complexes were identified in the majority of bone marrow lymphoma-leukemia cells in a patient with documented lymphoblastic lymphoma in lymph node. These complexes varied in size but in general ranged from 800--1500 nm, and consisted of masses of nonparallel, twisted, smooth, 40-nm tubules. Continuity with adjacent endoplasmic reticulum was evident in some of the complexes. Cytochemical characteristics of the malignant cells included strong, focal, paranuclear acid phosphatase reactivity and strong, stippled nuclear terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase positivity. Flow cytometric analysis showed a DNA-RNA content pattern consistent with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and typical of T-cell lymphoma. This represents the first report of such tubular complexes in a presumed T-cell malignancy.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Bone Marrow; Cell Nucleus; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Flow Cytometry; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Microscopy, Electron; T-Lymphocytes

Sections of lymph node and tumor biopsies from 60 patients (51 children, 9 adults) with lymphoblastic lymphoma (lbL) were examined in a bind trial to determine whether the subtype of lbL can be diagnosed on the basis of morphologic criteria alone The diagnoses made in this trial were correct in 18 of 20 cases (adults and children) that had been classified as T-, B-, or non-T/non-B-lbL by immunologic, cytochemical (DAP IV, or virologic (EBV) analysis. In 48 of the 51 children, the subclassification made in the blind trial agreed with the definitive diagnosis. In addition to the results of the blind trial, the morphologic characteristics of T- and B-lbL are presented and the diagnostic value of cytochemical staining for acid phosphates is discussed.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Child; Female; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; T-Lymphocytes

In 14 adult patients suffering from lymphoproliferative diseases, the relation between numbers of lymphocytes determined by the rosette test (nSE) with neuraminidase-treated sheep red blood cells and numbers of lymphocytes giving a positive reaction for acid phosphatase was determined. Statistical analysis of multiple test results in the patients (n = 38) showed highly positive correlation between the two markers. A similar positive correlation in the course of cytostatic treatment was observed in selected patients with type T and B cell lymphoma. The results indicate that determination of acid phosphatase activity can serve as an additional marker of T lymphocytes in groups of patients with lymphoproliferative disease.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Neuraminidase; Rosette Formation; T-Lymphocytes

Isoenzymatic study of leucocytic acid phosphatase under normal conditions identifies 3 isoenzymatic bands, which exhibit a noticeable cell specificity. Band 2 is granulocytic, band 3 lymphocytic and band 4 monocytic in origin. Pathologic deviations in the isoenzymatic pattern are both qualitative and quantitative. For some diseases such as chronic lymphocytic leukaemia there is a well-defined, differential pattern according to immunological B- or T-cell origin. The more significant qualitative aspects are related to the appearance of abnormal bands, especially band 3b, indicating blastic cellularity, and 5, corresponding to hairy cells. The isoenzymatic analysis of acid phosphatase activity is a simple haematologic complementary test, particularly useful in the differential diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disorders with peripheral blood manifestations.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Diagnosis, Differential; Electrophoresis, Cellulose Acetate; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leukemia; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukocytes; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Sezary Syndrome; T-Lymphocytes

The investigation was undertaken to define the features of lymphoblastic lymphoma. Fifteen lymph node biopsies from a group of 82 specimens studied for the enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) fulfilled morphological criteria for this diagnosis. These criteria required a diffuse infiltrate of relatively uniform, immature lymphoid cells with basophilic cytoplasm; round, oval or lobulated nuclei with evenly dispersed chromatin; rare or inconspicuous nucleoli; and numerous mitotic figures. Examination of 1-micron thick, plastic-embedded, Giemsa-stained tissue sections revealed convoluted nuclei in more than 50% of neoplastic cells in four cases: in six specimens there was an admixture of cells with grooved, hyperlobulated, and round nuclei, and in five the round or oval nuclei were non-convoluted. Specimens from all 15 patients were positive for TdT by fluorescent antibody and biochemical assays. The percentage of cells from involved nodes reacting by indirect immunofluorescence with an antiserum against bovine TdT ranged from 4 to 90% (mean of 52%), and the mean level of biochemically measured enzyme activity was 8.7 units/g of tissue (range of 1.9 to 27.5). Cytochemical stains for acid phosphatase were positive in 13 of the 15 cases. In eight samples more than 50% of cells formed rosettes with sheep erythrocytes, while the E rosettes varied from 14 to 38% in the other seven. The percentage of cells with complement receptors varied widely (range of 6 to 80), but cells bearing surface immunoglobulin or IgGfc receptors were not increased. All patients presented with supradiaphragmatic lymphaedenopathy, eight with an anterior mediastinal mass. Two-thirds of the patients were male, and the mean age was 20 years (range 4 to 46 years). None were leukemic at the time of diagnosis, but eight patients subsequently developed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Involvement of the central nervous system was observed in four of the 15, and of the testes in two. Ten patients have died of their disease with a median survival of 8 months (range 4 to 20), and five are alive 3--8 months after diagnosis. We observed no differences in clinical findings at presentation, incidence of mediastinal involvement or leukemic dissemination, content of TdT, acid phosphatase staining, or immunologic cell surface characteristics between the convoluted and non-convoluted types of lymphoblastic lymphoma. Distinctive morphologic, cell surface, biochemical, and clinical features of ly

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; B-Lymphocytes; Cell Nucleus; Child; Child, Preschool; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase; DNA Nucleotidyltransferases; Female; Humans; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Middle Aged; Receptors, Immunologic; T-Lymphocytes

Four group systems of serum proteins (Hp, Gc, Gm, Km) and five group systems of erythrocyte enzymes (AP, PGM1, GPT, AK, EsD) were determined in 63 patients with malignant lymphoma. Statistical analysis of the distribution of the above mentioned systems in patients and Polish population samples did not reveal any significant differences, which points to the lack of any correlation between the disease and the group systems under examination.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenylate Kinase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Blood Group Antigens; Blood Proteins; Erythrocytes; Esterases; Female; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphoglucomutase

The histological, histochemical and cytological changes were reported in 6 patients with primary lymphosarcoma of the lung. All cases are diffuse lymphocytic lymphosarcomas, histochemically with a similar enzymatic behaviour. Cytologically, small lymphocytes with different degrees of anaplasia were observed.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Cytochrome Reductases; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Glucuronidase; Humans; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; T-Lymphocytes

The present work describes histological and histochemical observations made on the neoplastic liver of Indian silver bills, Uroloncha malabarica. The histology of neoplastic tissue as well as liver has been discussed. Further, a few enzymes like alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, 5-nucleotides and non-specific esterase have been localized in the diseased liver. The occurrence of lymphocytoma caused a marked change in the localization of the enzymes. Sometimes total inhibition of the enzyme was encountered. Damaged sinusoid cells and bile canaliculi of the neoplasm as well as liver lobules show no reaction for alkaline phosphatase. However, its counterpart, acid phosphatase, exhibits intense activity in both neoplastic tissue and liver cells. Aggregates of neoplastic tissue give moderate 5-nucleotidase reaction while it gives poor activity in hepatic tissue of the diseased liver. Parenchymatous cells are able to give some activity for the non-specific esterase while it is very dull in the neoplastic tissue.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Bird Diseases; Birds; Diagnosis, Differential; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Nucleotidases

The enzyme activity for alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase, naphthol-AS-acetate esterase, naphthol-AS-D-chloroacetate esterase, acid phosphatase, L(+)-tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, and 5'-nucleotidase was examined on the neoplastic cells of giant follicular lymphoblastoma, the so-called reticulum cell sarcoma and Sézary syndrome. The neoplastic cells of giant follicular lymphoblastoma showed distinct activity for adenosine triphosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase, and those of the so-called reticulum cell sarcoma had no characteristic nature of the reticulum cells or histiocytes enzyme histochemically. These findings suggest that these neoplastic cells may be derived from the B-cell system. In Sézary syndrome, acid phosphatase activity was localized in a small paranuclear area in Sézary cells, which were considered to have a T-cell nature. It is thought that these enzyme histochemical methods are easy and useful in differentiating the B- or T-cell nature and the classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adult; Aged; Esterases; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lymphatic Diseases; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Middle Aged; Naphthaleneacetic Acids; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Nucleotidases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Clone Cells; Humans; Immunoglobulin Fragments; Immunoglobulin M; Isoelectric Focusing; Leukemia; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; Rosette Formation

Five lymphatic neoplasms with strong focal acid phosphatase reactivity were selected from a group of acute lymphocytic leukemias and lymphoblastic lymphomas. All five cases showed an anterior mediastinal mass and exhibited identical morphology. This type of lymphoma has been described by Lukes under the term "malignant lymphoma of convoluted lymphocytes". Analysis of surface membrane receptors revealed that the tumor cells lacked surface immunoglobulin and receptors for Fc-fragment, but possessed receptors for complement (C3), untreated SRBC (ES) and SRBC treated with neuraminidase (ESN). By applying a mixed rosette assay using nucleated chicken erythrocytes coated with antibodies and C3, and denucleated ESN, it was found that a considerable number of tumor cells in all five cases formed mixed rosettes, i.e. that they bore the C3 receptor characteristic of B cells and simultaneously the E receptor characteristic of T cells. Thus the tumor cells resembled immature thymocytes of 10-15 weeks' gestation, which also show focal acid phosphatase reactivity and simultaneous expression of C3 and E receptors.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Cell Nucleus; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; T-Lymphocytes

A 76 year old man with mycosis fungoides developed an immunoblastic sarcoma and a leukemic blood picture in the final tumor stage after 6 years, in which the disease had clinically progressed in a typical manner. The results of histological and cytochemical studies of autopsy material are presented. Based on these findings and evidence of the T cell nature of mycosis fungoides, the immunoblastic sarcoma observed in the terminal stage of this case of mycosis fungoides might be of the rare T cell type.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Esterases; Humans; Leukemia; Leukocyte Count; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Mycosis Fungoides; Skin Neoplasms; Syndrome; T-Lymphocytes

26 cases of malignant lymphomas and 23 other lymphoreticular conditions were investigated enzyme histochemically. Each type of malignant lymphoma revealed a different enzyme histochemical pattern characteristic of its type. These features are not only applicable to differential diagnosis but also suggest clues to the understanding of histogenesis and nature of malignant lymphomas.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Esterases; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Hyperplasia; Isoenzymes; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Multiple Myeloma; Naphthols

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Esterases; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Monoamine Oxidase; Multiple Myeloma; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neuroblastoma; Plasmacytoma; Sarcoma, Ewing

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Bird Diseases; Esterases; Lipase; Liver Neoplasms; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Nucleotidases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Autoradiography; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Centrifugation, Zonal; Female; Gallium; Hexosaminidases; Liver Neoplasms; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Lysosomes; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Neoplasms, Experimental; Radioisotopes; Rats

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Esterases; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lectins; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Multiple Myeloma; Peroxidases; Sarcoma

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Marrow; Diagnosis, Differential; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Isoenzymes; Liver; Lymphatic Diseases; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Spleen

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Bronchial Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Esterases; Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukocytes; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Melanoma; Neoplasms; Peroxidases; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Rectal Neoplasms; Sarcoma; Staining and Labeling; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Testicular Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Calcium; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Hydrolysis; Kidney; Liver; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Magnesium; Melanoma; Mice; Neoplasms, Experimental; Phosphates; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Polymers; Pyrophosphatases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Diagnosis, Differential; Electrophoresis, Disc; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukocytes; Lymphatic Diseases; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Tartrates

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Blood Platelets; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Electrophoresis, Disc; Fluorides; Gaucher Disease; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Lymphatic Diseases; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Molecular Weight; Monocytes; Nitrophenols; Polycythemia Vera; Staining and Labeling; Tartrates

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Cell Differentiation; Esterases; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Culture Techniques; Esterases; Glycogen; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Lectins; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Biopsy; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Colorimetry; Esophageal Neoplasms; Female; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Intestinal Neoplasms; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Leukemia; Liver Neoplasms; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Melanoma; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Neoplasms; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Prostatic Neoplasms; Tongue Neoplasms; Urogenital Neoplasms

Topics: ABO Blood-Group System; Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Blood Group Antigens; Brazil; Breast Neoplasms; Child; Diet; Electrophoresis; Female; Genetics, Medical; Hawaii; Humans; Intestines; Isoenzymes; Lewis Blood Group Antigens; Liver Cirrhosis; Lymphoma, Follicular; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Placenta; Pregnancy; Saliva; Stomach Neoplasms; Sweden; Tartrates

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antibodies; Glucuronidase; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; Lymphocytosis; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cathepsins; Deoxyribonucleases; Glucuronidase; Hydrocortisone; Hydrolases; Lymphoid Tissue; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neoplasms, Experimental; Rats; Sulfatases; Thymus Gland

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Isoenzymes; Lymph Nodes; Lymphadenitis; Lymphatic Metastasis; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Neoplasms; Sarcoma; Syphilis; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Anemia; Anemia, Aplastic; Azo Compounds; Blood Cells; Bone Marrow Cells; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Multiple Myeloma; Mycosis Fungoides; Neoplasms; Polycythemia Vera; Sarcoma