acid-phosphatase and Lung-Diseases

The antiinflammatory, antioxidant activity of taurine and niacin against cyclophosphamide-induced early lung injury in rats was investigated. A single intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide markedly altered the levels of several biomarkers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: total protein, albumin, angiotensin converting enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase, lactate, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and lipid peroxidation product were significantly elevated. In contrast, decreased levels of total reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid were observed. Cyclophosphamide significantly increased malondialdehyde levels in serum and lung. Significant increases in lung content of lipid hydroperoxides were seen that paralleled the decreased levels of total reduced glutathione and total sulfhydryl groups. Pretreatment of rats with daily intraperitoneal injection of taurine plus niacin 7 days prior to and 2 days after cyclophosphamide insult significantly inhibited the development of lung injury, prevented the alterations in lavage fluid biomarkers associated with inflammatory reactions, with less lipid peroxidation and restoration of antioxidants. In conclusion, our results suggest that taurine and niacin in combination is efficient in blunting cyclophosphamide-induced pulmonary damage.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Cyclophosphamide; Glutathione; Lipid Peroxidation; Lung; Lung Diseases; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Niacin; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Taurine

Gaucher disease is the most frequent lysosomal storage disease and the most prevalent genetic disease among the Ashkenazi Jews (q approximately 0.047). The disease results from inherited defects of acid beta-glucosidase and the accumulation of the substrate, glucosylceramide, in cells of monocyte/macrophage origin. The therapeutic response to macrophage-targeted (alpha-mannosyl-terminated) alglucerase (Ceredase, at 60 to 15 IU/kg every 2 weeks) was analyzed in 33 patients (age range, 2 to 63 years; 15 splenectomized) with extensive Gaucher disease over periods of 6 to 24 months. The efficacy of several different doses and dosage reductions was evaluated. In patients with anemia (n = 30) and/or thrombocytopenia (n = 19), hemoglobin levels and platelet counts increased by 0% to 178% and 15% to 155%, respectively, within 3 to 12 months. In patients with splenomegaly (n = 17) and/or hepatomegaly (n = 28), liver and spleen volumes decreased in 6 months from 7% to 64% and 8% to 84% by 12 months, respectively. Hematologic and visceral improvements were noted at any doses between 60 and 15 IU/kg every 2 weeks. Furthermore, these positive initial therapeutic responses were persistent throughout therapy, with doses reduced by 50%. Pulmonary Gaucher disease did not improve clinically in 3 patients. Unrelated cirrhotic (n = 2), cholestatic (n = 1), or renal disease (n = 1) did not influence the rate of patient improvement. Two of five patients who developed serum antibodies against alglucerase during the first 6 to 12 months of therapy had mild antibody reactions. This study shows similar regression of clinical Gaucher disease manifestations with enzyme therapy, using doses between 30 and 60 IU/kg every 2 weeks. Therapeutic efficacy was not diminished after 50% to 75% dose reductions or in the presence of anti-enzyme antibodies.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Anemia; Bone Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Gaucher Disease; Glucosylceramidase; Hepatomegaly; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Liver Diseases; Lung Diseases; Middle Aged; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; Splenectomy; Splenomegaly; Thrombocytopenia

The pulmonary lesions and multinucleate giant cell formations in porcine dermatosis vegetans were studied ultrastructurally and cytochemically in seven affected pigs that ranged from one to 120 days of age. At birth, no pulmonary lesions were observed. By seven days of age, there was a moderate infiltration of monocytes/macrophages in the alveoli and interstitium. These changes progressed, and by two weeks of age there was pronounced infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes in the alveoli. Close apposition of macrophages and lymphocytes was observed, and cellular contact was demonstrated. By three to four weeks of age, small aggregates with epithelioid cells, macrophages, and lymphocytes resembling granulomas were present. In an older pig, aged four months, the inflammatory changes waned. Large macrophages, and large and small multinucleate cells shared common morphological characteristics of cytoplasm endowed with organelles, primary and secondary lysosomes, Golgi profiles, and granular endoplasmic reticulum. Cytochemically, macrophages and MGCs were positive for acid phosphatase. The present study showed that the initial pulmonary changes share morphological characteristics with a granulomatous inflammatory response, and evolve into small granulomas with macrophages, epithelioid cells and lymphocytes. Morphologically, these changes share characteristics with epithelioid cell granulomas. Macrophages and MGCs share common ultrastructural traits, and are positive for acid phosphatase. MGCs seem to evolve in the course of the granulomatous inflammatory response and are probably of monocyte/macrophage origin.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cell Nucleus; Cytoplasm; Giant Cells; Histocytochemistry; Lung; Lung Diseases; Lymphocytes; Macrophages; Microscopy, Electron; Monocytes; Organelles; Skin Diseases; Swine; Swine Diseases

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TrACP) is abundant in alveolar macrophages, suggesting that these cells might contribute to the activity of this isoenzyme in sera of patients with conditions characterized by activation of alveolar macrophages. TrACP was therefore measured in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and compared with values in controls. Since osteoclasts are known to be the main source of TrACP in serum several indices of bone-turnover were also measured: serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and urine hydroxyproline:creatinine ratios. Patients with Paget's disease of bone constituted a reference group presenting increased bone turnover. TrACP was not significantly higher in the lung-disease groups than in controls, although there was a strong positive correlation with angiotensin-converting enzyme in pulmonary sarcoidosis. As expected, TrACP activity was elevated together with the other indices of bone turnover in Paget's disease. It is unlikely that TrACP from alveolar macrophages contributes significantly to serum acid phosphatase activity in lung disease.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Isoenzymes; Lung Diseases; Macrophage Activation; Male; Middle Aged; Osteitis Deformans; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Sarcoidosis; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Tartrates

Five main acid phosphatase (AcP) zones have been recognized and studied by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Band 5 represents the only tartrate-resistant form and is present in bone osteoclasts and in human alveolar macrophages (AMs). This study was carried out to quantify the presence of total and tartrate-resistant AcP (TrAcP) in AMs from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of 11 patients with first stage sarcoidosis and in 13 nonsmokers and 16 smokers serving as control healthy subjects. The AMs from smokers showed an increase in total AcP activity (115.9 +/- 77.8 mU/10(6)); on the contrary, macrophages of patients with sarcoidosis revealed a consistent decrease in total AcP (27.8 +/- 7.0 mU/10(6)) and particularly the TrAcP subtype (14.8 +/- 3.7 mU/10(6)) in comparison with control nonsmokers (AcP = 42.2 +/- 18.9 mU/10(6) [p = NS]; TrAcP = 35.1 +/- 15.1 mU/10(6) [p less than 0.005]). The decrease in TrAcP activity was inversely correlated with the lymphocyte number (r = -0.75; p less than 0.01), lymphocyte percentage (r = -0.62; p less than 0.05), and CD4/CD8 ratio (r = -0.61; p less than 0.05). After six months of follow-up, the cytologic BAL picture returned completely to normal in five patients with full spontaneous regression of sarcoidosis; and also at the same time, normal values of TrAcP activity were restored. Since TrAcP activity can be easily detected, its possible use, along with the lymphocyte count and CD4/CD8 ratio, as a prognostic indicator of the clinical course of sarcoidosis deserves further investigation.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Lung Diseases; Macrophages; Male; Pulmonary Alveoli; Regression Analysis; Sarcoidosis; Smoking; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; Tartrates

The purpose of this study was to quantitate biochemically and to localize histochemically the proteases cathepsin B (Cath B), dipeptidyl peptidase I (DPP I), and dipeptidyl peptidase II (DPP II) in experimental pulmonary granulomatosis and fibrosis. These were compared to the prototypical lysosomal hydrolase acid phosphatase (AP). Granulomatosis was induced by the intravenous injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA, 0.2 ml) and fibrosis was induced by the intratracheal instillation of bleomycin sulfate (1 unit) in rats (Wistar, 200 g). Total Cath B, DPP I, and AP activities were markedly elevated over control values five days following both treatments when expressed as activity per lung or as specific activity per milligram protein or milligram DNA. By 14 and 28 days, total activity was elevated for all three enzymes, and activity per milligram DNA remained elevated for Cath B following both treatments and for DPP I 28 days following CFA treatment. Total lung activity of DPP II was significantly elevated at 28 days for both treatments. Histochemical staining indicated that these changes are due, in part, to the influx of inflammatory monocytes and their maturation to macrophages. This study provides a basis for examining the role of these proteases in connective tissue matrix injury during inflammatory processes in the lungs.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Bleomycin; Cathepsin B; Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases; Granuloma; Histocytochemistry; Inflammation; Lung Diseases; Male; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Rats; Time Factors

Protease-antiprotease imbalance in the lung is considered to be a likely pathogenetic mechanism in the development of lung injury--particularly emphysema. Aminophylline is often used in bronchitis, bronchial asthma and emphysema. To assess, whether aminophylline indeed affects this mechanism we evaluated in vitro its influence at therapeutical concentrations (12 and 20 micrograms/ml) on phagocytosis, release of total protein and lysosomal enzymes after phagocytosis, spontaneous migration and chemotaxis of human neutrophils to zymosan-activated serum. There were no significant differences in phagocytosis, release of leukoprotease and acid phosphatase between neutrophils with and without aminophylline at both concentrations. However, the release of total protein was different (p less than 0.02, 12 micrograms/ml) and lower (p less than 0.02, 20 micrograms/ml) than the control. The mean decrease in protein release was 13.5 +/- 6% of the control and aminophylline inhibited the release of the protein with molecular weight below 35.000 daltons. Significant migration inhibition was found in 22% cases (12 micrograms/ml, n = 9) and in 53% (20 micrograms cm-3, n = 13). Neutrophil chemotaxis was different (p less than 0.02, 12 micrograms/ml) and lower (p less than 0.05, 20 micrograms/ml) than the control. The obtained results suggest that high doses, of aminophylline may diminish inflammatory recruitment of neutrophils--a rich source of elastase to the lung, and thus diminish proteolytic pulmonary injury.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aminophylline; Cell Migration Inhibition; Humans; Infant; Lung Diseases; Neutrophils; Peptide Hydrolases; Phagocytosis

Alveolar macrophages differ from their percursors in blood, monocytes, by expressing strong activity of the tartrate resistant variant of acid phosphatase (TAcP). A study was carried out to analyse the expression of this enzyme cytochemical marker by alveolar macrophages from bronchoalveolar lavage cells from 34 patients with sarcoidosis and 12 control subjects. Alveolar macrophages from control subjects displayed a strong and homogeneous staining pattern and only 0.1% of cells were negative after staining. Macrophages from patients with sarcoidosis showed reduced TAcP activity and up to 7% of the cells were negative. The percentage of TAcP negative macrophages was correlated with the percentage of lymphocytes and with the ratio of CD4 to CD8 lymphocytes among cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage. The reduced TAcP activity in alveolar macrophages from patients with sarcoidosis may be due to an increased recruitment of immature precursors from blood.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Humans; Lung Diseases; Macrophages; Pulmonary Alveoli; Sarcoidosis; Tartrates

The BAL technique was used to assess the pulmonary injury of coal dust and rock dust in Huai-Nan coal mine in Anhui Province. Dust suspended in saline and dust-free supernatant were instilled intratracheally to Wistar rats and Syrian hamsters. Saline was used in treating controls. The animals were sacrificed 24 h after treatment, their lungs were lavaged, and pulmonary damage was evaluated by cellular and biochemical assays of lavage fluid. Pulmonary injury was expressed by the cell toxicity index (CTI). CTI is the product of the number of times of meaningful parameters for treated groups compared to controls (LDH, acid phosphatase, and polymorphonuclear neutrophils in this case). The CTI values were found to be 5.19, 2.28, and 5.15 for rock dust, coal dust, and Shanghai suspended particulates, respectively. The toxicity of rock dust is higher than that of coal dust, but is similar to that of Shanghai suspended particulates. The cell toxicity of dust suspension solution is higher than that of dust-free supernatant. CTI can be used as an indicator of the relative toxicity of respirable dusts in in vivo studies.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Cell Count; China; Coal; Coal Mining; Cricetinae; Dust; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lung Diseases; Male; Mesocricetus; Neuraminic Acids; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains

The pulmonary complications are severe sequeles of acute pancreatitis. The pathogenesis of these complications is unsolved. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the status of lung lysosomes and phospholipase A activity in acute experimental pancreatitis (AEP) and the effect of heparin as a potentially protective agent. Taurocholate-induced AEP in rats lasting 24 and 48 hours was treated with heparin intraperitoneally (2 mg/kg every 8 hours). The total activity of cathepsins and B-glucuronidase in lysosomal enriched subfraction increased markedly during 48 hours of AEP in untreated animals, but the relative free activity was maximal after 24 hours. Free activity of cathepsins and acid phosphatase in supernatant was maximal after 24 hours. The phospholipase A activity was maximally elevated (more than twofold) after 48 hours. Heparin prevented the increase of activity of B-glucuronidase, depressed the relative free activity of all investigated lysosomal hydrolases and inhibited the phospholipase A activity in the lung homogenate. Our results indicate the significance of labilization of lung lysosomes and increment of phospholipase A activity in the lungs in the damage of this organ during AEP in the rats, and suggest the beneficial effect of heparin on these factors.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Amylases; Animals; Cathepsins; Glucuronidase; Heparin; Hydrolases; Lipase; Lung; Lung Diseases; Lysosomes; Male; Pancreatitis; Phospholipases; Phospholipases A; Rats

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases; Bronchi; Bronchial Diseases; Endopeptidases; Female; Humans; Lung Diseases; Male; Neprilysin; Protease Inhibitors; Pulmonary Alveoli

Cytospin preparations of mononuclear inflammatory cells were made from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from 15 patients with interstitial lung disease (nine patients with sarcoidosis and six patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis) and six control subjects. These preparations were examined with a panel of monoclonal antibodies that have been shown to distinguish subpopulations of macrophage like cells in normal tissues. The lysosomal acid phosphatase activity of the cells was also assessed. Phenotypically distinct subpopulations of alveolar macrophages were identified in all samples studied. The results showed that all cell populations identified in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from the groups with interstitial lung disease could be identified in the lavage fluid from normal volunteers. Some quantitative differences in the proportions of cells identified with particular reagents emerged. In each of the groups with interstitial lung disease increased proportions of cells were identified with RFD1 (interdigitating cell marker; p less than 0.01) and in the cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis group an increased proportion of alveolar macrophages was identified with RFD7 (tissue macrophage marker; p less than 0.05). The possibility that quantitative changes in alveolar macrophage subsets observed in the interstitial lung disease groups are relevant to the pathogenesis of these conditions is discussed.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Female; HLA-DR Antigens; Humans; Lung Diseases; Macrophages; Male; Middle Aged; Phenotype; Pulmonary Alveoli; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Sarcoidosis

Human alveolar macrophages (AM) were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage from 18 patients with a variety of conditions. For each patient the percentages of AM showing the following properties were determined: (1) staining for the enzymes non-specific esterase (NSE) and acid phosphatase (ACP); (2) in vitro phagocytosis of Candida guillermondii; (3) expression of cell surface markers detected by two monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) (1B5 and DA2) and two anti-monocyte/macrophage MoAb (UCHMI and RFD2); and (4) simultaneous phagocytosis of C. guillermondii and staining with the MoAb. In all patients the majority of AM were found to be Ia positive (90 +/- 10%) ACP positive (100%) and NSE positive (97 +/- 4%). In contrast a smaller proportion were UCHM1 and RFD2 positive (77 +/- 11%, 68 +/- 12%) and less were phagocytic (37 +/- 17%). Whilst the total percentage of cells staining with the MoAb was unaltered by phagocytosis, the proportion of UCHM1 or RFD2 positive cells was significantly higher in the phagocytic population than in the non-phagocytic population (90% and 85%, as opposed to 65% and 55%, P less than 0.001). Thus only a proportion of Ia positive AM expressed monocyte/macrophage antigens and were phagocytic. Such heterogeneity may reflect different stages of macrophage maturation or the existence of macrophage subpopulations with functionally distinct roles in airways immunity.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens, Surface; Carboxylesterase; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Cell Count; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; Humans; Lung Diseases; Lung Neoplasms; Macrophages; Phagocytosis; Pulmonary Alveoli; Sarcoidosis

Pulmonary macrophages from BCG-induced granulomas were separated according to their densities into six fractions by the use of discontinuous gradients of Percoll. A comparative study of distribution profiles of lavaged rabbit alveolar cells obtained 16 or 28 days after vaccination revealed that 16 days after vaccination there were small numbers of low-density cells (fractions 1 and 2) and large numbers of high-density cells (fractions 4 and 5). In contrast, 28 days after vaccination there was a marked increase in the numbers of macrophages in fractions 1 and 2 and relatively small numbers of high-density cells in fractions 4 and 5. Macrophages of fractions 1 and 2 (densities of 1.030-1.050) were large and mature in appearance and expressed low levels of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase. Although macrophages in fraction 1 commonly showed signs of degeneration, they were the most active in terms of reducing nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT). Macrophages of fractions 3 and 4 (densities of 1.050-1.068) were smaller, appeared intact and fully mature, showed no signs of degeneration, and expressed the highest levels of the above enzymes, although their ability to reduce NBT was less than that in cells from fractions 1 and 2. The cells of fractions 5 and 6 (densities of 1.068-1.074) were small, expressed low levels of the above enzymes, and their ability to reduce NBT was minimal. These results indicate that density may be a reliable correlate of the maturity of macrophages harvested from BCG-induced granulomas.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; BCG Vaccine; Cell Nucleus; Cell Separation; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Cytoplasm; Female; Glucuronidase; Granuloma; Lung Diseases; Lymphocytes; Macrophages; Microscopy, Electron; Neutrophils; Nitroblue Tetrazolium; Phagocytosis; Pinocytosis; Pulmonary Alveoli; Rabbits

Morphological and functional changes in lung macrophages from mice injected intravenously with Mycobacterium bovis BCG cell walls (CWs) were studied. In BCG CW high-responder mice (C57BL/6 [B6] strain), an increase in the size and the acid phosphatase activity of lung macrophages was observed. These lung macrophages showed greater microbicidal activity to M. bovis Ravenel and Listeria monocytogenes EGD, enhanced superoxide anion production index, and greater macrophage migration inhibition activity, as compared with lung macrophages from BCG CW low-responder mice (C3H/He strain), which were small in size and showed weak acid phosphatase activity, low antimicrobial activity, and low superoxide anion production index upon intravenous injection of the mice with BCG CW. These results indicated that lung macrophages from B6 mice injected with BCG CWs were morphologically and functionally activated, but not those from C3H mice.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; BCG Vaccine; Blood Bactericidal Activity; Granuloma; Listeria monocytogenes; Lung; Lung Diseases; Macrophages; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mycobacterium bovis; Superoxides

The aim of this investigation was to increase the accuracy of the determination of the functional activity of alveolar macrophages with phagocytic functions, isolated from bronchial washings, to reduce the time necessary for this determination and to compare the results thus obtained with the clinical signs of the disease. 46 patients with nonspecific pulmonary diseases were examined. The method of the simultaneous evaluation of the phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages and the level of acidic phosphatase activity during phagocytosis was found to ensure greater accuracy in the determination of the functional activity of alveolar macrophages and to reduce the time necessary for the evaluation of the reaction by 1.5 hours. In patients with non-specific pulmonary diseases the phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages decreased, which was accompanied by a lower level of acidic phosphatase consumption.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Bronchitis; Humans; Lung Diseases; Macrophages; Middle Aged; Phagocytosis; Pneumonia; Pulmonary Alveoli

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukocytes; Lung Diseases; RNA; Sarcoidosis

Lysosomes form an integral part of the degradative mechanisms of the phagocytic cells. Mice were injected with suramin, a lysosomotrophic drug, to investigate the effects of lysosomal pathology on the cell biology and in situ bactericidal activity of the pulmonary macrophage. Treatment with suramin resulted in marked alterations in the cell biology of the macrophage: (i) increased vacuolization and protein content, (ii) suppressed intracellular phagosome-lysosome fusion, (iii) decreased activity of the lysosomal enzymes beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, and (iv) enhanced exocytosis of acid phosphatase during phagocytosis. Addition of suramin, in vitro, to cell lysates resulted in a reduction in the catalytic activities of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase; thereby suggesting that selective interaction, in vivo, between suramin and lysosomes containing beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase may have occurred. Plasma membrane 5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity was increased in macrophages recovered from suramin-treated animals. Although the "resting-state" reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) was lower in these macrophages, cells stimulated by a phagocytic challenge demonstrated normal increases in NBT reduction. Phagocytosis, in vitro, and pulmonary bactericidal activity were not altered. These data demonstrate that suramin altered numerous aspects of the phagocyte's lysosomal system. Despite these changes in the cell biology of the pulmonary macrophage, the cell's defense functions were not reduced.

Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Glucuronidase; Lung; Lung Diseases; Lysosomes; Macrophages; Male; Mice; Phagocytosis; Proteus Infections; Receptors, Fc; Staphylococcal Infections; Suramin

In numerical classification, four species of the Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum complex, Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum, M. terrae, M. novum, and M. triviale, formed one cluster. These four species appeared to be reduced to one species, Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum. Furthermore, relationships between the species were numerically analyzed by using the hypothetical median organism pattern. The results showed that the M. nonchromogenicum complex can be divided into two subgroups: M. nonchromogenicum and the other three. These two subgroups were differentiated from each other by scores based on two or more positive reactions in the following three characteristics: resistance to bleomycin (5 microgram/ml); heat-stable acid phosphatase activity; nicotinamidase or pyrazinamidase activity or both activities. M. nonchromogenicum gave two or three positive reactions among these three, and M. terrae, M. novum, and M. triviale gave two or three negative reactions. Three cases of lung infection due to M. nonchromogenicum, as well as three other cases of probable lung infection due to M. nonchromogenicum, were observed in this study. Only one organism isolated from one doubtful case was M. terrae. Up to now, M. nonchromogenicum was considered a nonpathogen. It was shown, however, that this organism causes lung infection in humans.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Antitubercular Agents; Humans; Lung Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium; Mycobacterium Infections

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Lung; Lung Diseases; Lymph Nodes; Prognosis; Sarcoidosis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cricetinae; Female; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukocytes; Lipid Peroxides; Lung Diseases; Male; Mesocricetus; Nitrogen Dioxide; Oxygen Consumption

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Enzyme Activation; Female; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukocytes; Lung Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Peroxidase; Sarcoidosis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Chronic Disease; Deoxyribonucleases; Endopeptidases; Humans; Lung Diseases; Lysosomes; Male; Middle Aged; Ribonucleases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Antitubercular Agents; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Leukocytes; Lung Diseases; Prednisolone; Prognosis; Sarcoidosis; Vitamins

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Ceruloplasmin; Enzyme Activation; Female; Humans; Lung Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Asthma; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lung Diseases; Lung Neoplasms; Neutrophils; Sarcoidosis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; BCG Vaccine; Glucuronidase; Granuloma; Hydrolases; Lung; Lung Diseases; Macrophages; Necrosis; Peptide Hydrolases; Rabbits

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Appetite Depressants; Chlorphentermine; Inclusion Bodies; Lipidoses; Lung; Lung Diseases; Macrophages; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Phenethylamines; Phospholipids; Pulmonary Alveoli; Rats

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Cell Wall; Histocytochemistry; Lung; Lung Diseases; Microscopy, Electron; Pulmonary Alveoli; Radiation Effects; Radiation Injuries, Experimental; Rats

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Histocytochemistry; Lung; Lung Diseases; Lung Injury; Phospholipids; Pulmonary Emphysema; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Radiation Injuries, Experimental; Rats

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Glycine; Histocytochemistry; Lung; Lung Diseases; Microscopy, Electron; Pulmonary Emphysema; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Radiation Injuries, Experimental; Rats; Tritium

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Female; Humans; Lung Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Neutrophils

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cholesterol; Dietary Fats; Histocytochemistry; Lipidoses; Lung Diseases; Microscopy, Polarization; Rats