acid-phosphatase and Liver-Neoplasms

A 58-year-old man was revealed to have multiple liver tumors with elevated prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) during a medical examination. The tumors were of neuroendocrine nature, but no abnormal findings were obtained in other organs in which neuroendocrine tumors develop frequently. Repeated transarterial embolization was partially effective. However, the tumors became resistant to the therapy three years later, continued growing and ruptured. Autopsy disclosed neuroendocrine tumors in the pancreas, which were immunohistologically positive for PAP. Neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas and liver producing PAP are rare; this case is reported with a review of literature.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine; Fatal Outcome; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Prostate

We report a case of primary renal carcinoid, which is a very rare neoplasm: to our knowledge, only 19 cases have been previously reported. The tumor displayed histologic features typical of carcinoid tumors from other sites, including growth in nests and ribbons, uniform cells with finely granular, eosinophilic cytoplasm, and stippled chromatin. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of membrane-bound dense-core granules. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed staining for chromogranin A, neuron-specific enolase, Leu-7, and synaptophysin, as well as pancreatic polypeptide. An interesting finding was the positive staining for prostatic acid phosphatase, while staining for prostate-specific antigen was negative. Although prostatic acid phosphatase is commonly seen in primary gastrointestinal hindgut carcinoids, in this case a primary hindgut carcinoid was ruled out by clinical examination and endoscopy. The patient developed metastases to the liver, but was well and without symptoms 15 months after diagnosis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; Carcinoid Tumor; CD57 Antigens; Chromogranin A; Chromogranins; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Kidney Neoplasms; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Pancreatic Polypeptide; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Synaptophysin

Sixteen tumor markers are reviewed, and measured to the ideal: produced by the tumor cell alone absent in health and in benign disease present in all patients with a given malignancy level in the blood representative of tumor mass detectable in occult disease. The only marker that approaches the ideal is human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in gestational trophoblastic tumors. In this malignancy, the HCG level suggests the diagnosis and stage, confirms response to therapy, and predicts relapse. The three most widely used and intensely studied tumor markers are carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alphafetoprotein (AFP), and HCG. CEA cannot be used in screening for cancer, but in carcinoma of the colon its elevation preoperatively increases the likelihood of advanced disease and postoperative recurrence. Postoperatively, elevated titers are often but not invariably associated with recurrent disease. AFP and HCG are useful in the management of nonseminomatous germ cell testicular tumors. Like CEA, they cannot be used for screening. They are more likely to be increased with advancing stage, and after therapy rising levels almost always mean recurrent disease. Some markers are valuable in specific circumstances, such as calcitonin in screening for familial medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. In multiple myeloma, immunoglobulins are useful in determining the tumor mass and response to therapy. In neuroblastoma, catecholamine metabolites are useful primarily in making the diagnosis. In some malignancies, the absence of effective therapy lowers the value of the marker, as for AFP in hepatoma. The remaining markers are too unreliable or too little studied to be useful in the management of an individual patient with cancer. The purpose of this paper is to provide the clinician with an understanding of the limitations of the present tumor markers that will lead to wiser use of the tests, and to provide standards to which future tumor markers should be measured.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Alkaline Phosphatase; alpha-Fetoproteins; Breast Neoplasms; Calcitonin; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Catecholamines; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Colonic Neoplasms; Female; Ferritins; Humans; Hydroxyproline; Immunoglobulins; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Liver Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Parathyroid Hormone; Placental Lactogen; Polyamines; Pregnancy; Trophoblastic Neoplasms; Uterine Neoplasms; Vasopressins

A summary is presented of those organ specific enzyme assays traditionally used in evaluation of the patient with cancer. In addition, the use of certain serum enzymes such as gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, phosphohexose isomerase or 5'-nucleotidase as aids in following the course of the disease, particularly in patients with metastatic spread to the liver is outlined. Also considered is the utility of enzyme analysis in biopsy tissue, biologic fluids, and washings of body cavities. Newer enzymes are considered which might, in the future, be developed as diagnostic tools or as probes for the understanding of the etiology of cancer.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Amylases; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Bone Neoplasms; Clinical Enzyme Tests; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Humans; Isoenzymes; Isomerases; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Lipase; Liver Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Muramidase; Neoplasms; Nucleotidases; Oxidoreductases; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Prostatic Neoplasms; Sulfatases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Brain Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Catalase; DNA Nucleotidyltransferases; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; Glycine Hydroxymethyltransferase; Hexokinase; Hodgkin Disease; Intestinal Neoplasms; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukemia; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasms; Pyruvate Kinase; Ribonucleotides; Sarcoma, Experimental; Stomach Neoplasms; Uridine Kinase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; DNA Nucleotidyltransferases; Esterases; Fructose-Bisphosphatase; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; Glucosyltransferases; Glutaminase; Glycogen Synthase; Hexokinase; Humans; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Liver Neoplasms; Malate Dehydrogenase; Mice; Neoplasms; Phosphotransferases; Pyruvate Kinase; Rats; Terminology as Topic; Thymidine Kinase; Transaminases; tRNA Methyltransferases; Uridine

Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; 17-Ketosteroids; Acid Phosphatase; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Alkaline Phosphatase; Amino Acids; Amylases; Bone Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoid Tumor; Catecholamines; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Female; Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase; Humans; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue; Neuroblastoma; Nucleotidases; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Pheochromocytoma; Pregnancy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Trophoblastic Neoplasms; Vanilmandelic Acid

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Bone Marrow; Escherichia coli; Gastric Mucosa; Humans; Kidney; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Nucleic Acids; Nucleotides; Plants; Prostatic Neoplasms; Rickets

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Leukemia; Liver Neoplasms; Mass Screening; Muramidase; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Nucleotidases; Phosphoglucomutase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Deoxyribonucleases; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase; Electron Transport Complex IV; Esterases; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Neoplasms; Microscopy, Electron; Nucleotidases; Phosphotransferases; Ribonucleases; Succinate Dehydrogenase

To assess the impact of prognostic factors, including continued (orchiectomy) versus discontinued androgen-suppression (nonorchiectomy) therapy, on chemotherapy response and survival of patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer.. Analysis of five consecutive Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) phase II chemotherapy trials was undertaken.. Two hundred five hormone-refractory patients were evaluated. Eighty-four percent had been orchiectomized. The median survival durations for the nonorchiectomy and orchiectomy patients were 6 and 7 months, respectively (P = .73). In a univariate analysis, orchiectomy patients had a significantly longer median time from diagnosis to first hormone therapy (1.1 v 0.1 years, P = .003), were more likely to have had chemotherapy initiated > or = 2 years from diagnosis (75% v 56%, P = .03), had a lower incidence of liver metastases (16% v 30%, P = .05), and had lower likelihood of being black (8% v 18%, P = .05) when compared with the nonorchiectomy group. Orchiectomy patients had a marginally significant longer median time from initial hormone treatment, more prior endocrine manipulations, lower median baseline alkaline phosphatase levels, and a lower likelihood of response to chemotherapy when compared with the nonorchiectomy group. Absence of liver metastases (P = .004), hemoglobin level > or = 10 g/dL (P < .001), acid phosphatase level > or = 1.2 IU/L (P = .05), response to chemotherapy (P = .001), and > or = 2 years from initial hormone treatment (P = .01) are important factors for survival.. This study failed to show obvious advantages in response to chemotherapy or survival for patients with continued gonadal suppression. A prospective randomized trial is suggested to evaluate the effect of this factor on progression-free and overall survival of patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer receiving chemotherapy.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analysis of Variance; Androgen Antagonists; Antineoplastic Agents; Drug Resistance; Hemoglobins; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Orchiectomy; Prognosis; Prostatic Neoplasms; Remission Induction; Survival Rate; United States

Response criteria and the reporting of results in clinical trials on drug therapy of stage D prostate cancer were evaluated by examination of studies listed in the Index Medicus 1980-1984. During this 5-year period, 70 studies (51 phase II and 16 phase III) were listed, comprising 3184 evaluable patients. Among 346 patients reported as having evaluable disease according to the WHO criteria, 198 had well-defined evaluable disease. A variety of response criteria were used, the NPCP criteria being the most frequent. Only three studies included solely patients with evaluable disease according to the WHO criteria. Reporting of results was often inadequate. The value of the most frequently used response parameters such as acid phosphatase, bone scan, per-rectal ultrasound, CT scan, bone pain and performance status is discussed. A system to standardise the reporting of results is proposed.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Evaluation; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Pain Management; Prognosis; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiography; Radionuclide Imaging; Soft Tissue Neoplasms

Acid phosphatase type 6 (ACP6) is a mitochondrial lipid phosphate phosphatase that played a role in regulating lipid metabolism and there is still blank in the clinico-pathological significance and functional roles of ACP6 in human cancers. No investigations have been conducted on ACP6 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) up to date.. Herein, we appraised the clinico-pathological significance of ACP6 in HCC via organizing expression profiles from globally multi-center microarrays and RNA-seq datasets. The molecular basis of ACP6 in HCC was explored through multidimensional analysis. We also carried out in vitro and in vivo experiment on nude mice to investigate the effect of knocking down ACP6 expression on biological functions of HCC cells, and to evaluate the expression variance of ACP6 in xenograft of HCC tissues before and after the treatment of NC.. ACP6 displayed significant overexpression in HCC samples (standard mean difference (SMD) = 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.56-0.83) and up-regulated ACP6 performed well in screening HCC samples from non-cancer liver samples. ACP6 expression was also remarkably correlated with clinical progression and worse overall survival of HCC patients. There were close links between ACP6 expression and immune cells including B cells, CD8 + T cells and naive CD4 + T cells. Co-expressed genes of ACP6 mainly participated in pathways including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, glucocorticoid receptor pathway and NABA proteoglycans. The proliferation and migration rate of HCC cells transfected with ACP6 siRNA was significantly suppressed compared with those transfected with negative control siRNA. ACP6 expression was significantly inhibited by nitidine chloride (NC) in xenograft HCC tissues.. ACP6 expression may serve as novel clinical biomarker indicating the clinical development of HCC and ACP6 might be potential target of anti-cancer effect by NC in HCC.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Mice; Mice, Nude; RNA, Small Interfering

Therapeutic efficacy of conventional single PEGylated polymeric micelles is significantly reduced by limited endocytosis and intracellular drug release. To improve drug delivery efficiency, poly (ethylene glycol)-block-poly (l-lactic acid)/(Arg-Gly-Asp-Phe)-poly (aminoethyl ethylene phosphate)-block-poly (l-lactic acid) (PEG-PLLA/RGDF-PAEEP-PLLA) hybrid micelles with tunable active targeting and acid/phosphatase-stimulated drug release are developed. The optimized hybrid micelles with 6 wt % of RGDF have favorable in vitro and in vivo activities. The hybrid micelles could temporarily shield the targeting efficacy of RGDF at pH 7.4 due to the steric effect exerted by concealment of RGDF peptides in the PEG corona, which strongly decreases the clearance by mononuclear phagocyte system and consequently improves the tumor accumulation. Inside the solid tumor with a lower acidic pH, the hybrid micelles restore the active tumor targeting property with exposed RGDF on the surface of the micelles because of the increased protonation and stretching degree of PAEEP blocks. RGDF-mediated endocytosis improves the tumor cell uptake. The hybrid micelles would also enhance intracellular drug release because of the hydrolysis of the acid/phosphatase-sensitivity of PAEEP blocks in endo/lysosome. Systemic administration of the hybrid micelles significantly inhibits tumor growth by 96% due to the integration of enhanced circulation time, tumor accumulation, cell uptake and intracellular drug release.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Apoptosis; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Proliferation; Doxorubicin; Drug Carriers; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Liberation; Female; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Nude; Micelles; Polymers; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5 (ACP5), which is essential for bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation, promotes cell motility through the modulation of focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation. However, whether ACP5 contributes to the metastasis and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. In this paper, a complementary DNA microarray, serial deletion, site-directed mutagenesis and a chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that ACP5 is a direct transcriptional target of Forkhead box M1 (FoxM1). ACP5 expression was markedly higher in HCC tissues compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues. ACP5 overexpression was correlated with microvascular invasion, poor differentiation and higher tumor-node-metastasis stage. HCC patients with positive ACP5 expression had poorer prognoses than those with negative ACP5 expression. A multivariate analysis revealed that ACP5 expression was an independent and significant risk factor for disease recurrence and reduced-patient survival following curative resection. Transwell assays and an orthotopic metastatic model showed that the upregulation of ACP5 promoted HCC invasion and lung metastasis, whereas ACP5 knockdown inhibited these processes. The knockdown of ACP5 significantly attenuated FoxM1-enhanced invasion and lung metastasis. Immunohistochemistry revealed that ACP5 expression was positively correlated with FoxM1 expression in human HCC tissues, and their coexpression was associated with poor prognoses. In summary, ACP5 is a direct transcriptional and functional target of FoxM1. This novel FoxM1/ACP5 signaling pathway promotes HCC metastasis and may be a candidate biomarker for prognosis and a target for new therapies.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Female; Forkhead Box Protein M1; Forkhead Transcription Factors; Humans; Isoenzymes; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prognosis; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

The present study was designed to elucidate the involvement of acid phosphatase (ACP) in metastasis and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as an immediate compensatory alleviation mechanism for energy stress in liver lesions induced by hexachlorocyclohexane in Swiss mice. Animals were continuously exposed to hexachlorocyclohexane (500 ppm) for 2, 4, and 6 months. Neoplastic nodules and tumors developed after continuous exposure for 4 and 6 months, respectively. The distribution pattern of both enzymes markedly varied in neoplastic nodules and tumors. Intense ACP activity was more observed only in sinusoids and blood vessels of neoplastic nodule, whereas an overall increase in ACP activity was observed in the tumor. Noticeably, a significant decline in LDH activity was noted after 2 and 4 months of exposure, whereas LDH in a tumor region showed intense enzymatic activity. The role of acid phosphate in metastasis and LDH in oxidative stress during hepatocarcinogenesis induced by hexachlorocyclohexane has been discussed.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinogens, Environmental; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Nucleus Size; Cell Size; Disease Progression; Down-Regulation; Hexachlorocyclohexane; Hyperplasia; Insecticides; Lactate Dehydrogenases; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Mice; Neoplasm Proteins; Oxidative Stress; Up-Regulation

To investigate diagnostic values of the detection of TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion in metastatic prostate cancer.. A total of 32 fine needle aspiration (FNA) specimens of metastatic prostate carcinomas were retrieved from the pathology files at MD Anderson Cancer Center. The metastatic sites included the pelvic and remote lymph nodes, liver, bone, and thyroid gland. Immunohistochemical staining for PSA, PAP, synaptophysin, chromogranin A was performed. TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion was evaluated on sections of cell blocks by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using ERG gene break-apart probes.. The mean age of the patients was 67 years. Twenty-six patients had a previous history of prostatic adenocarcinoma, while 6 patients presented initially with metastasis. In 11 patients, the metastatic lesions showed characteristic features of small cell carcinoma (SCC) and were positive for synaptophysin (9/9), chromogranin A (7/8), but negative for prostatic specific antigen (7/7). FISH analysis demonstrated a rearrangement of ERG gene in 10 of 32 cases (31.3%), and the rearrangement was associated with deletion of the 5' ERG gene in 6 cases. In addition, the copy number of ERG rearrangement gene locus was increased in 8 cases. Among the 11 cases with SCC features, a rearrangement of ERG gene was present in 5 cases, of which a deletion of the 5' ERG gene and increased copy number were seen in 3 cases.. TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion can be evaluated in FNA specimens of metastatic prostate cancer. Metastatic prostate cancers have a high prevalence of TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion along with a frequent copy number increase of ERG gene. TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion persists in metastatic prostate cancers and even in those with poorly differentiated SCC features. Therefore, an identification of the TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion may be used to establish the prostatic origin of metastasis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Carcinoma, Small Cell; Chromogranin A; Follow-Up Studies; Gene Fusion; Gene Rearrangement; Humans; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Liver Neoplasms; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Middle Aged; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; Synaptophysin

Chromosomal rearrangements unraveled by spectral karyotyping (SKY) indicated frequent chromosome 19 translocations in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In an effort to characterize the aberrant 19 rearrangements in HCC, we performed positional mapping by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) in 10 HCC cell lines. SKY analysis indicated structural rearrangements of chromosome 19 in 6 cell lines, 4 of which demonstrated recurring 19p translocations with different partner chromosomes. Using fluorescence-labeled BAC probes, physical mapping indicated a breakpoint cluster between 19p13.12 and 19p12. A corresponding transcriptional mapping by cDNA array on 19p suggested the differential expression of a single downregulated gene ACP5 (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type 5). Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed the reduced expression of ACP5 and indicated a strong correlation of its repressed expression only in cell lines that contain a 19p rearrangement (p = 0.004). We further examined the expression of ACP5 in a cohort of 82 primary tumors and 74 matching nonmalignant liver tissues. In the primary HCC examined, a reduction of ACP5 transcripts by 2 to as much as 1,000-fold was suggested in 67% of tumors (55/82 cases). When compared to adjacent nonmalignant tissues, 46% of tumors (34/74 cases) demonstrated a lower expression level (p = 0.015). On closer examination, a high significance of ACP5 repression was suggested in the cirrhotic HCC subgroup that was derived from chronic hepatitis B infected patients (55%; 30/54 cases; p = 0.001). Functional examination of ACP5 ectopic expression in HCC cells further demonstrated a significant growth inhibitory effect of ACP5 on tumor cell survival (p < 0.001). In our study, the novel finding of common ACP5 downregulation in HCC may provide basis for further investigations on the role of acid phosphatase in hepatocarcinogenesis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19; Down-Regulation; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Isoenzymes; Karyotyping; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Translocation, Genetic; Tumor Cells, Cultured

We report on a case of metastatic adenocarcinoma of liver that was removed and examined histochemically after microwave coagulation therapy (MCT). The patient was a 65-year-old woman who had a metastatic tumor in the liver (S3) after high anterior resection due to a rectal adenocarcinoma and received MCT against the tumor. One month after MCT, multiple metastatic tumors were detected by abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan. As it was difficult to control them by MCT alone, we performed lateral segmentectomy. To assess the effects of microwave ablation on cellular viability of metastatic tumor, we used enzyme histochemistry for acid phosphatase (AcP), which is positive in macrophages infiltrating in the tumor. In a part of the ablated area of resected liver, there was remaining neoplastic tissue of which the morphology was maintained in H&E staining. This was found to be microwave-fixed non-viable tissue because no enzyme activity of AcP was detected in the infiltrating macrophages. This case report suggests that enzyme histochemistry was useful to assess the effect of MCT, enabling us to distinguish fixed cells from viable cells.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Electrocoagulation; Female; Frozen Sections; Hepatectomy; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Microwaves; Rectal Neoplasms

Breast cancers commonly cause osteolytic metastases in bone, a process that is dependent upon osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, but the mechanism responsible for tumor-mediated osteoclast activation has not yet been clarified. In the present study we utilized a well-known human breast cancer cell line (MDA-231) in order to assess its capability to influence osteoclastogenesis in human bone marrow cultures and bone resorption in fully differentiated osteoclasts. We demonstrated that conditioned medium (CM) harvested from MDA-231 increased the formation of multinucleated TRAP-positive cells in bone marrow cultures. Bone resorption activity of fully differentiated human osteoclasts and of osteoclast-like cell lines, from giant cell tumors of bone (GCT), was highly increased by the presence of MDA-231 CM. Moreover, while MDA-231 by themselves did not produce IL-6 tumor cell, CM increased the secretion of IL-6 by primary human osteoclasts and GCT cell lines compared to untreated controls. These data suggest that MDA-231 produce osteoclastic activating factor(s) that increase both osteoclast formation in bone marrow culture and bone resorption activity by mature cells. Moreover, breast cancer cells stimulate IL-6 secretion by osteoclasts that is one of the factors known to supports osteoclastogenesis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Biomarkers; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Neoplasms; Bone Resorption; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media, Conditioned; Female; Giant Cell Tumors; Humans; Isoenzymes; Liver Neoplasms; Osteoclasts; Osteogenesis; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Tumor Cells, Cultured

It has been hypothesized that liver stem cells may be activated and proliferate upon liver injury and may participate in the development of liver cancer. GP7TB, a rat liver epithelial tumor cell line, possesses characteristics of liver stem-like cells and can develop into a tumor in syngeneic Fischer 344 rat. We found that protein kinase C-alpha (PKC-alpha) is overexpressed in GP7TB cells. The importance of PKC-alpha for this liver tumor cell was elucidated.. Antisense oligonucleotide (ODN) was applied to suppress the production of PKC-alpha in GP7TB cells in vitro and in vivo. Cell viability was measured by acid phosphatase assay. The cellular levels of PKC-alpha and Bcl-2 were monitored by Western-blot analysis. Activation of nuclear factor NF-kappaB was analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Cell cycle phase distribution was monitored by FACScan. Cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay and histochemical staining of tumor tissue sections. The in vivo experiment was conducted by implanting tumor mass of GP7TB in the liver of F-344 rat and continuous delivery of the ODN by a mini-osmotic pump.. Antisense ODN effectively suppressed the level of PKC-alpha that resulted in the decrease of Bcl-2 and nuclear NF-kappaB. The cumulative viable cells also decreased dramatically for the antisense-treated group. FACScan showed that the cells were arrested at early S-phase. These cells in turn went into apoptosis without completing a cell cycle. It was found that growth of the tumor was suppressed efficiently by antisense ODN. Cell apoptosis was found in the orthotopic tumor. The normal liver cells were not affected.. A lethal effect of depressing the level of PKC-alpha in GP7TB cells and success in suppressing orthotopic tumor growth in vivo suggests that PKC-alpha antisense ODN would be a promising therapeutic agent for some liver cancers.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Cycle; Cell Division; Cell Survival; Epithelial Cells; Isoenzymes; Liver Neoplasms; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense; Protein Kinase C; Protein Kinase C-alpha; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Isoproterenol was used as a drug which, when administered in high doses, is able to induce lysosomal enzyme activity changes in in vivo conditions. We correlated lysosomal enzyme activity in the absence and presence of isoproterenol, obtained in whole animals and in HeLa and HepG2 cells in tissue culture. In vivo experiments: male Wistar rats (270-300 g) were treated subcutaneously with isoproterenol in various doses. Effect of isoproterenol on lysosomal enzyme activity was assayed in the heart after differential centrifugation. In vitro experiments: Isoproterenol in concentrations 0.1-100 microg/ml was added to HeLa and HepG2 cells and the activity of lysosomal enzyme was measured in the cell homogenate. In the sedimentable and nonsedimentable fractions of the rat myocardium, the isoproterenol-induced changes in the activity of lysosomal enzyme were time-and dose-dependent. In HeLa cells, isoproterenol administration caused a dose-dependent increase of lysosomal enzyme activity, while in HepG2 cells the activity remained unchanged. Thus the isoproterenol-induced changes in lysosomal enzyme activity in the rat myocardium were comparable with the results found in vitro in HeLa cells.

Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cathepsin D; Glucuronidase; Heart; HeLa Cells; Humans; Isoproterenol; Kinetics; Liver Neoplasms; Lysosomes; Male; Myocardial Infarction; Myocardium; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tumor Cells, Cultured

The demonstration of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity has long been a cornerstone in the diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia (HCL). Recently a monoclonal antibody to this enzyme has been developed that can be used in an immunoperoxidase method on paraffin-embedded tissues. By using a peroxidase-labeled streptavidin biotin method, paraffin sections of B5 and formalin-fixed tissue from 86 cases of HCL (41 bone marrow, 36 spleen, 9 liver) were stained with the antibody to TRAP and compared against staining for CD20 (L26) and DBA.44 (DAKO, Carpinteria, Calif). In addition, 193 specimens (127 bone marrow, 42 lymph node, 19 spleen, 5 other) from a variety of neoplastic and nonneoplastic hematologic conditions were stained using the monoclonal antibody to TRAP. For comparison, these cases were also stained with DBA.44. In the cases of HCL, 80 of 86 specimens were immunoreactive for TRAP. While the antibody to TRAP generally stained less than 50% of the hairy cells, CD20 and DBA.44 stained 90% and 50% to 60% of hairy cells, respectively. Two of three cases of marginal zone lymphoma showed weak immunoreactivity to the TRAP antibody. Two specimens from a patient with Gaucher's disease and 8 of 13 cases of mastocytosis also showed positivity to the TRAP antibody in the macrophages and mast cells, respectively. In contrast, staining for DBA.44 was positive in 3 of 9 cases of B-cell large cell lymphoma, 1 of 4 cases of mantle cell lymphoma, and in the paraimmunoblasts of 1 of 7 cases of small lymphocytic lymphoma. Only HCL was TRAP and DBA.44 positive. This antibody to TRAP is a useful addition to the diagnosis of HCL but should be used in conjunction with CD20 and DBA.44. The use of this antibody to determine minimal residual disease after chemotherapy was not addressed.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Biomarkers, Tumor; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Neoplasms; Diagnosis, Differential; Gaucher Disease; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Isoenzymes; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Macrophages; Mast Cells; Paraffin Embedding; Pathology, Clinical; Spleen; Splenic Neoplasms; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

25 patients with measurable or evaluable metastatic prostate cancer, progressive after hormonal treatment, were treated weekly with carboplatin 150 mg/m2 intravenously. The weekly schedule allowed higher dose intensity carboplatin administration with respect to the common monthly cycles. Toxicity was manageable even in elderly patients with extensive bone metastases and consisted primarily of myelosuppression. 4 out of 24 evaluable patients (17%) had a partial response and 12 (50%) had disease stabilisation. The median response duration was 7 months. Prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase serial values showed a correlation with disease response in only 47 and 50% of patients, respectively. These results suggest that carboplatin possesses a moderate but definite activity in prostate cancer patients.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Bone Neoplasms; Carboplatin; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Resistance; Hormones; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Liver Neoplasms; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Middle Aged; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms

We examined a series of hepatocellular neoplasms, including 4 adenomas, 7 hepatoblastomas, and 18 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) with enzyme histochemistry in plastic-embedded sections. Our most striking observation was that there was a distinct difference in the staining pattern for alkaline phosphatase (Alk0) in benign and malignant tumors. Non-neoplastic controls (normal liver, reactive lesions) and benign neoplasms showed a distinctive canalicular pattern of staining with Alk0. Malignant neoplasms, however, showed a virtual absence of Alk0 staining; 6 of 7 hepatoblastomas and 17 of 18 HCCs were practically devoid of staining, while the two positive cases showed a pattern easily discernible from normal. The sensitivity of the observed Alk0 staining pattern in detecting malignant hepatocellular neoplasms was 92% and the specificity was 100%. Cytoplasmic gamma-glutamyl-transferase (GGT) was present in a minority of HCCs, but faint staining was also seen in normal liver or in adenomas. It appears that these nonmorphologic techniques may aid the surgical pathologist in the differential diagnosis of primary hepatocellular neoplasms.

Topics: 5'-Nucleotidase; Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Nucleotidases; Staining and Labeling

Metastases of 47 known prostatic carcinomas were subjected to the unlabeled immunoperoxidase procedure to localize prostate acid phosphatase (PAP) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). PAP was found in 64% and PSA in 78% of bone marrow, lymph node, lung and liver metastases investigated. There was no significant difference between the intensity of staining in primary and metastatic neoplasms. Staining of PAP and PSA was found to be less intense in poorly differentiated metastases of prostatic adenocarcinomas. The data suggest that the demonstration of PAP and PSA is a practical and sensitive test for determining the prostatic origin of a clinically and histologically unclassifiable metastasis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antigens, Neoplasm; Bone Marrow; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Liver Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms

We report a case of a neuroendocrine tumor of the jejunum metastatic to the liver in a 26-year-old woman. Light and electron microscopy of this tumor revealed a poorly differentiated neoplasm composed of clusters of round to polygonal cells compatible with a diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumor. In the absence of identifiable silver-staining granules or immunocytochemical demonstration of a specific hormone product in tumor cells, this tumor cannot be further classified among the various neuroendocrine tumors that may arise in this location. However, interspersed among tumor cells was a distinct population of multinucleate giant cells having an appearance similar to benign osteoclasts. Enzyme histochemistry for 5'-nucleotidase, acid phosphatase, and nonspecific esterase each showed a dichotomous staining pattern for the small tumor cells and giant cells and suggest that the giant cells are not tumor derived, but represent a second, presumably reactive, cell population.

Topics: 5'-Nucleotidase; Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Giant Cell Tumors; Humans; Jejunal Neoplasms; Jejunum; Liver Neoplasms; Microscopy, Electron; Nucleotidases; Osteoclasts; Staining and Labeling

Metastases of 47 known prostatic carcinomas were subjected to the unlabelled immunoperoxidase-procedure to localise prostaticacid-phosphatase (PAP) and prostatic-specific antigen (PSA). In bone-marrow, lymph-node, lung and liver metastases PAP was found in 64% and PSA in 78%. There was no significant difference between the intensity of staining in primary and metastatic neoplasm. In poorly differentiated metastases of prostatic adenocarcinomas less intense staining for PAP and PSA was found. The data suggest that the demonstration of PAP and PSA is a practical and sensitive test for the prostatic origin of a clinically and histologically unclassifiable metastasis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antigens, Neoplasm; Carcinoma; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Liver Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms

Tartrate-inhibitable acid phosphatase was purified to apparent homogeneity from human placenta. The enzyme is composed of two subunits with an apparent molecular mass of 48 kDa. Each subunit carries one oligosaccharide of the high-mannose/hybride type. The purified enzyme has an isoelectric point of pH 6.2. It cleaves phosphomonoester bonds at acid pH, is competitively inhibited by L-tartrate, Ki = 0.51 microM, and phosphate, Ki = 0.8mM. A monospecific antiserum raised against the purified placental enzyme precipitated 62% and 85% of the tartrate-inhibitable acid phosphatase present in extracts of placenta and fibroblasts, respectively. By means of subcellular fractionation and immunoprecipitation it was shown that the majority of tartrate-inhibitable acid phosphatase is located in lysosomes in normal and mucolipidosis II fibroblasts. In the human Hep G-2 hepatoma cells a significant fraction of the enzyme appears to be associated with non-lysosomal organelles.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Line; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Female; Fibroblasts; Humans; Hydrolysis; Isoelectric Focusing; Liver Neoplasms; Placenta; Pregnancy; Subcellular Fractions; Tartrates

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Female; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Humans; Hydroxyproline; Liver Neoplasms

Serum activities of two lysosomal enzymes, beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase, were estimated in 66 patients with liver cell carcinoma, 10 with secondary liver cancer, 14 with cirrhosis of the liver, and 9 normal controls. A substantial increase in the enzyme activities was found in patients with liver cell carcinoma but not in those with secondary liver cancer. The degree of the enzyme elevations paralleled the stage of hepatoma. Although the serum activities of both enzymes were also elevated in patients with liver cirrhosis, the elevations were significantly higher in hepatoma than in liver cirrhosis. Possible mechanisms for the elevation of serum lysosomal enzyme activities in hepatoma are discussed, but further studies are necessary to elucidate the biological and clinicopathological significance of estimating serum lysosomal acid hydrolases in patients with primary liver cell carcinoma.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Alanine Transaminase; alpha-Fetoproteins; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Female; Glucuronidase; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Neoplasms; Lysosomes; Male; Middle Aged

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Humans; Immunologic Techniques; Kidney Neoplasms; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Serum activities of lysosomal enzymes beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase were serially estimated in 14 patients with and without cirrhosis of the liver who underwent 40% to 80% hepatic resection. Substantial increases in enzyme activities were observed two to eight weeks after operation in ten of 11 patients who did not suffer from postoperative liver failure. Regeneration of the residual livers was almost satisfactory in all 11, as evidenced by clinical, roentgenologic, and histologic findings. In three patients with advanced cirrhosis who died of hepatic failure 21 to 39 days after extensive hepatic resection, there was neither the enzymatic reaction nor evidence of regeneration of the liver remnants. In the light of this study and our previous experimental studies, serial determination of the lysosomal enzyme activities in blood is probably a beneficial biochemical index for detection of progressive hepatic regeneration.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Female; Glucuronidase; Hepatectomy; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Function Tests; Liver Neoplasms; Liver Regeneration; Male; Middle Aged

An enzyme histochemical study was performed to investigate abnormal enzyme activity in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and, by application of these staining reactions to noncancerous liver disorders, to clarify the true nature of putative percancerous lesions. The enzyme activity of hepatocytes in cirrhotic livers, hepatitis B virus (HBV)-positive cells, and dysplastic liver cells was investigated. Although the tumor cells in HCC gave an intensively positive reaction for gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity at the cytoplasm and the whole-cell membrane, they were essentially deficient in glucose-6-phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and nonspecific esterase activities. Cirrhotic liver showed loss of the orderly zonal difference of enzyme activity that is present in normal liver. However, a pattern of enzyme deviation similar to that of HCC was not recognized anywhere. Neither HBV-positive hepatocytes nor dysplastic liver cells were shown enzymatically to be direct precusors of HCC.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cytoplasm; Female; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; Humans; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Diseases; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Precancerous Conditions

The tumor burden of 98 patients with metastatic prostatic cancer was compared longitudinally with the activities of bone (BAP) and liver isoenzymes (LAP) of alkaline phosphatase, total acid phosphatase (AcP), and prostate-specific acid phosphatase (PAP). A quantitative association between these enzyme markers and the tumor mass was suggested by comparing the enzymes with 1) both the treatment response and the estimation of metastasis by radionuclide bone scanning; 2) metastasis based upon radiographic evidence. In addition, an apparent extensive pretreatment bone tumor load was predictive for an elevated BAP activity, which was also a suggestive poor prognosis as previously reported. An elevation of PAP, in contrast to AcP, may precede the clinical disease progression in some patients. Data presented in this report have indicated that the levels of these enzymes compared well with the extent of tumor involvement and therefore may be considered suitable as adjuvant and even quantitative biochemical markers of bone and liver metastasis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone and Bones; Bone Neoplasms; Humans; Isoenzymes; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiography; Radionuclide Imaging

The Kiel classification of lymphomas based on cytological criteria can be applied to tumor cell types found in liver infiltrates as well. Lymphomas with low degree of malignancy are delineated distinctly against the normal parenchyma; the borderline is slightly blurred only in the centroblastic-centrocytic subtype. Generally, the portal fields in these cases are round-shaped, expanded, and filled with lymphoid cells. Lymphomas with a high degree of malignancy are characterized on the contrary by portal fields with very irregular borderlines; in some cases there is a certain similarity to piece meal necrosis. There is an increased incidence of mitoses in the malignant tissue. Bile ducts are often disrupted. Hair cell leukemia can be differentiated in paraffin sections too, if tartrate-resistent acid phosphotase is present.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Liver Neoplasms; Lymphoma; Mitosis; Neoplasm Invasiveness

Three enzymes in single cells were assayed dynamically by flow cytometry using four fluorogenic substrates. Acid phosphatase was determined with 7-bromo-3-hydroxy-2-naphtho-o-anisidine (naphthol AS-BI) phosphate and 4-methylumbelliferone (MU) phosphate, neutral esterase with fluorescein diacetate, and lactic dehydrogenase with NAD-sodium lactate. Fluorescence measurements obtained with the flow cytometer were converted into relative specific enzyme activities for single cells with molar fluorescence coefficients determined with a spectrofluorometer. Specific activities obtained from spectrofluorometric data were compared with activities calculated from flow cytometeric data. Flow cytometric assays gave lower specific single cell activities for 4-methylumbelliferone phosphate hydrolysis and for lactic dehydrogenase than did similar assays by standard spectrofluorometry. Product diffusion may be the greatest cause for this discrepancy.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Line; Cricetinae; Cytological Techniques; Esterases; Female; Fluorescent Dyes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Liver Neoplasms; Ovary; Spectrometry, Fluorescence

A 57-year-old man with generalized, subcutaneous fat necrosis was found at autopsy to have islet cell carcinoma of the pancreas. The histologic diagnosis of islet cell carcinoma was confirmed by the finding by electron microscopy of characteristic intracytoplasmic granules within pancreatic neoplastic cells. Lipase levels were elevated in serum as well as in tissues in areas of subcutaneous fat necrosis. Enzyme histochemical stains for alkaline and acid phosphatase, leucine, aminopeptidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and indoxyl and nonspecific esterase were positive in the areas of subcutaneous fat necrosis. This is the first report of the association of islet cell carcinoma of the pancreas with generalized subcutaneous fat necrosis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenoma, Islet Cell; Alkaline Phosphatase; Fat Necrosis; Humans; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Lipase; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Skin; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Lysosome are subcellular particles in which several acid hydrolases of various specificities are localized. The role of lysosome in cellular physiology and pathology has drawn considerable recent attention by several groups of investigators. The purpose of this study was to investigate the activities of lysosomal enzymes--acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase--in hepatic disorders. 1) The serum levels of beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase were significantly elevated in patients with diseases of the hepatobiliary system. 2) N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activity in urine specimens from patients with diseases of the hepatobiliary system was found to be significantly higher than in urine specimens from normal adults. 3) Male albino rats of 150 approximately 200 g body weight were used. CCl4 was injected intraperitoneally (dose 0.1 ml of CCl4 per 100 g body weight twice a week for eight weeks). The free activities of lysosomal enzyme were increased and high free/total activity ratios were found in the liver lysosomal fraction of CCl4 intoxicated rats. The results of these experiment indicated that the membranes of lysosome were more permeable to their enzymes, and the release of these enzymes were found in the experimental fatty liver by CCl4. 4) Corticosteroids and chloroquine stabilized rat liver lysosome in vitro from the labilizing influence of incubation at 37 degrees C. 5) The administration of chloroquine to CCl4 intoxicated rats did not cause any well-expressed stabilization of lysosomes. 6) When alpha-Tocopherol was administrated to CCl4 intoxicated rats, the decrease of bound activity and increase of free activity in lysosomal fraction, and increase of acid hydrolases, GOT and GPT in serum were inhibited.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chloroquine; Glucuronidase; Hexosaminidases; Humans; Jaundice; Liver Diseases; Liver Neoplasms; Lysosomes; Male; Rats; Vitamin E

The immunologic specificity of human prostatic acidphosphatase has been established by several previous investigations as well as in this study. An apparent exception to this specificity was observed--a case of pancreatic islet cell carcinoma metastasized to the liver produced acid phosphatase that was immunologically indistinguishable from the prostatic acid phosphatase. In this case, the possibility of prostatic involvement was convincingly ruled out by clinical follow-ups and by postmortem pathologic studies. Highly purified prostatic acid phosphatase and this tumor acid phosphatase exhibited very similar Km values and identical molecular weights. Immunochemical analysis of the two enzymes using antiprostatic acid phosphatase sera showed that enzymes are antigenically identical. The implications of our observation are discussed in relation to clinical application of immunoassays for prostatic phosphatase in the future and to the molecular basis of human acid phosphatase polymorphism.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenoma, Islet Cell; Adult; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Prostate

Intracellular localization of gallium-67 was investigated in Morris hepatoma-7316A and Shionogi mammary carcinoma-115 cells by the cell fractionation method 48 hr after an intraperitoneal injection of the nuclide. When lysosomes were purified from both tumors by discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation, they had a strikingly high relative specific activity of the nuclide. From these results it was confirmed that gallium-67 is concentrated most specifically in the lysosomes of both tumor cells, which consist chiefly of phagolysosomes and can engulf only limited amount of foreign materials such as Triton and gallium-67.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Fractionation; Gallium Radioisotopes; Liver Neoplasms; Lysosomes; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental; Neoplasms, Experimental; Rats

The present work describes histological and histochemical observations made on the neoplastic liver of Indian silver bills, Uroloncha malabarica. The histology of neoplastic tissue as well as liver has been discussed. Further, a few enzymes like alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, 5-nucleotides and non-specific esterase have been localized in the diseased liver. The occurrence of lymphocytoma caused a marked change in the localization of the enzymes. Sometimes total inhibition of the enzyme was encountered. Damaged sinusoid cells and bile canaliculi of the neoplasm as well as liver lobules show no reaction for alkaline phosphatase. However, its counterpart, acid phosphatase, exhibits intense activity in both neoplastic tissue and liver cells. Aggregates of neoplastic tissue give moderate 5-nucleotidase reaction while it gives poor activity in hepatic tissue of the diseased liver. Parenchymatous cells are able to give some activity for the non-specific esterase while it is very dull in the neoplastic tissue.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Bird Diseases; Birds; Diagnosis, Differential; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Nucleotidases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Aminopterin; Animals; Bromodeoxyuridine; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Division; Culture Techniques; DNA, Neoplasm; Liver Neoplasms; Malate Dehydrogenase; Ornithine Decarboxylase; Rats; Thymidine; Thymidine Monophosphate; Tyrosine Transaminase

The lysosomes of both Novikoff heptoma and liver from Novikoff heptoma-bearing rats were found to be relatively intact structurally, lower in acid phosphatase activity, greatly depleted in number but with nearly normal membrane integrity when compared with normal liver.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Lysosomes; Male; Neoplasms, Experimental; Permeability; Rats

In cells of ascites Zajdela hepatoma in different terms after irradiation of the abdominal region in tumor-bearing rats (doses of 500, 700 and 1000 rad) there were found a reduction of highly active and an increase of insignificantly active normal isoenzymes of lactate dehydrogenase and also disorders in the content of acid phosphatase.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Liver Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental; Rats

Six patients with liver metastases from carcinoid or colon carcinoma underwent hepatic derterialization. This operation, known to cause both tumor necrosis and liver cell damage, caused considerable increases of several lysosomal acid hydrolases in the circulation. Thus, beta-glucosidase showed a small temporary increase during the operation, followed by a slower but higher reaction reaching a maximum 12 to 36 hours postoperatively. Similar reactions were noted for beta-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase, beta-galactosidase, arylsuphatase A, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase while no reactions were found for cathepsin D. Very high enzyme levels occurred in a patient dying from bleeding complications in the postoperative period.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Carcinoid Tumor; Cathepsins; Cerebroside-Sulfatase; Glucosidases; Glucuronidase; Hepatic Artery; Humans; Hydrolases; Ligation; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Neoplasm Metastasis

Mitochondria were isolated from Morris hepatomas with rapid (types 3683, 7777, and 3924A) and intermediate (types 5123D and 7800) growth rates, using proteolytic digestion of minced tumor tissue to release the particles. Mitochondria isolated by the same procedure from rat liver were employed as controls. All the hepatoma mitochondria were capable of coupled respiration with normal phosphorylation yields (ADP/O) and respiratory control ratios ranging from 2 to considerably more than 10. Particles from hepatomas 7777 and 7800 exhibited properties closest to liver mitochondria, while those from hepatomas 3683 and 3924A showed the greatest difference. All the hepatoma mitochondria were capable of oxidizing succinate, 3-hydroxybutyrate and monoamines. However, the oxidation rates of the latter two substrates by mitochondria from hepatomas 3683 and 3924A were only a fraction of the control rates. These differences appeared to be due, at least in part, to the structural instability of the isolated hepatoma mitochondria. In contrast to the reports of others, all hepatoma mitochondria exhibited considerable stimulation of ATPase activity by uncouplers. Maximal stimulation of ATPase activity by representatives of three classes of uncouplers was in all instances comparable to the values obtained for rat liver mitochondria.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Animals; Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Dinitrophenols; Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase; Liver Neoplasms; Mitochondria; Mitochondria, Liver; Monoamine Oxidase; Neoplasms, Experimental; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Oxygen Consumption; Rats; Rutamycin

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Esterases; Isoenzymes; Liver Neoplasms; Mice; Neoplasms, Experimental; o-Aminoazotoluene

Suspensions of isolated cells were obtained from livers of normal rats and rats treated with the hepatocarcinogen N,N-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene. Differential centrifugation of dispersed cells yielded a large parenchymal cell fraction and a small non-parencymal cell fraction. By means of rate sedimentation through different concnetrations of Ficoll, parenchymal cells were separated into cells with fast, intermediate and slow rates of sedimentation. Periods of sedimentation were brief and centrifugal forces low in order to retain the best possible state of preservation of cells. DNA, RNA and protein contents, acid phosphatase activity, cell size and nucleocytoplasmic ratios of parenchymal cells sedimenting at fast, intermediate and slow rates were measured. Cell fractions from normal livers had properties suggesting that faster sedimenting cells were derived from the centre and middle of the lobule whereas slowly sedimenting cells were periportal; however, much of the periportal cell population remained in a residue of undissociated tissue. Compared with normal cells, carcinogen treated cells appeared to fractionate according to different physical and chemical criteria and could not be related to their origin within the liver lobule. They were smaller, slower sedimenting, lower in protein and RNA content and acid phosphatase activity. The tissue residue contained abnromal histological structures.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cell Count; Cell Separation; DNA; DNA, Neoplasm; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Neoplasm Proteins; Neoplasms, Experimental; p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene; Proteins; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA; RNA, Neoplasm

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukemia; Liver Neoplasms; Muramidase; Neoplasms

A case of rectal carcinoid tumor with liver metastases is reported in which a markedly elevated serum acid phosphatase level was found. Tissue assays of the patient's tumor, liver metastasis, and uninvolved liver were performed which demonstrated very high tumor levels of acid phosphatase. The patient also had elevated plasma serotonin levels and urinary 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid levels and did not exhibit the carcinoid syndrome. Autopsy showed no prostate cancer or metastatic bone lesions. Serum acid phosphatase elevation may occur with carcinoid lesions of the rectum.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carcinoid Tumor; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Rectal Neoplasms

Male Wistar rats were given 50 mug of aflatoxin B1 twice a week for 4 weeks, and thereafter 75 mug twice a week for 10 weeks. Their livers were investigated histologically and histochemically for glycogen, RNA, fat, alkaline and acid phosphatases, adenosine triphosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, glucose-6-phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase, and alkaline and acid nucleases. No significant lesions occurred before 15 weeks. During this period, the liver was histochemically unchanged except for a periportal decrease of alkaline phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase. Scattered hepatocytes with a strong glucose-6-phosphatase activity appeared. These changes represent toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 and are irrelevant to carcinogenesis. From 15 weeks onward, three types of liver cell hyperplastic foci and nodules developed. Histologically, and with respect to glycogen, fat, and RNA content, only two of these types were considered as potential precursors of hepatocarcinomas. However, all types exhibited a decrease or absence of the enzymes studied. Both histological and histochemical changes stressed the complex heterogeneity existing between and within hepatic foci and nodules. From 11 months on, hepatocarcinomas developed. The tumors disclosed similar histochemical changes. This similarity further supports the "precarcinomatous" nature of hyperplastic foci and nodules. It appears that focal changes in surface as well as in cytoplasmic and nuclear enzymes are intimately and very early linked to the carcinogenic process. Whether they are fundamental or only represent an epiphenomenon remains unclear.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Aflatoxins; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glycogen; Lipid Metabolism; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Neoplasms, Experimental; Nucleotidases; Precancerous Conditions; Rats; RNA, Neoplasm; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Time Factors

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Electron Transport Complex IV; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidoreductases; Peroxidases; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Rats bearing Reuber H-35 or Novikoff hepatomas and mice bearing L1210 or L5178Y murine leukemias exhibited elevated serum levels of fetuin : N-acetylneuraminic acid transferase (EC 2.4.99.1) activity. The serum transferase activity could be correlated with the growth rate of the tumor; in animals bearing the more rapidly growing Novikoff hepatoma, activity was higher than in animals bearing the Reuber H-35 hepatoma. Higher transferase levels were also found in L1210 leukemic mice than in mice with the slightly slower growing L5178Y leukemia. Serum from rats bearing Reuber H-35 hepatoma and mice bearing L1210 murine leukemia had elevated levels of alpha- and beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20 and EC 3.2.1.21), alpha- and beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22 and (3.2.1.23), beta mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.25), alpha- and beta-fucosidase (EC 3.2.1.- and EC 3.2.1.38), beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30) and acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2); alpha-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.24), beta-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (EC 3.2.2.-) and beta-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.37) were not elevated. In animals bearing Reuber H-35 hepatoma, host liver levels of glycosidases, beta-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31) and acid phosphatase were elevated over both the control and the hepatoma values. The data are interpreted to mean that the tumors or various host tissues release large quantities of enzymes into the serum and that enzyme levels in host organs may also be affected by the tumor.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Female; Glycoside Hydrolases; Leukemia L1210; Leukemia, Experimental; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Lysosomes; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred DBA; Mice, Inbred Strains; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neoplasms, Experimental; Rats; Rats, Inbred ACI; Sialyltransferases; Transferases; Transplantation, Homologous

A patient with Stage B adenocarcinoma of prostate treated with radical prostatectomy and interstitial radioactive gold presented ten years later with liver metastases without evidence of local recurrence. This patient was treated only with massive doses of intravenous diethylstilbestrol diphosphate, with regression of metastases and marked decline of the acid and alkaline phosphatase levels.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Diethylstilbestrol; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radionuclide Imaging

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Fractionation; D-Amino-Acid Oxidase; Electron Transport Complex IV; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Mitochondria, Liver; Monoamine Oxidase; Morphinans; Neoplasms, Experimental; Ornithine; Oxidoreductases; Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Rats; Subcellular Fractions; Transaminases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Animals; Antigens; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Membrane; Esterases; Fetus; Glutamates; Leucine; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Microsomes, Liver; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Neoplasms, Experimental; p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Rats; Tetrazoles

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Administration, Oral; Animals; Cathepsins; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Hepatectomy; Isoenzymes; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Liver Regeneration; Male; Mitosis; Neoplasms, Experimental; p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene; Precancerous Conditions; Rats

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Fractionation; Cells, Cultured; Cycloheximide; Dactinomycin; Deoxyribonucleases; Fibroblasts; Glucuronidase; HeLa Cells; Humans; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Mice; Neoplasms, Experimental; Rats; Ribonucleases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Alkaline Phosphatase; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Lymphatic Metastasis; Lymphography; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pelvic Neoplasms; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiotherapy Dosage; Time Factors

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Humans; Isoenzymes; Liver Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prostate; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Bird Diseases; Esterases; Lipase; Liver Neoplasms; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Nucleotidases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Catechol Oxidase; Cathepsins; Cell Fractionation; Cyclic AMP; Female; Galactosidases; Glucuronidase; Hexosaminidases; Humans; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Lysosomes; Melanins; Melanocytes; Melanoma; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microscopy, Electron; Neoplasm Metastasis; Nucleosides; Organoids; Pigments, Biological

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Antibodies, Neoplasm; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Catalase; Detergents; Electron Transport; Hydroxylation; Immunodiffusion; Immunoelectrophoresis; In Vitro Techniques; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Membranes; Neoplasms, Experimental; Nucleosides; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Precipitins; Rabbits; Rats; Solubility

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cells; Cells, Cultured; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Drug Stability; Fibroblasts; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Mice; Rats; Subcellular Fractions; Temperature; Thymus Gland

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Fractionation; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Centrifugation, Zonal; Electron Transport Complex IV; Gallium; In Vitro Techniques; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Lysosomes; Male; Methods; Microsomes, Liver; Particle Size; Proteins; Radioisotopes; Rats

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Autoradiography; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Centrifugation, Zonal; Female; Gallium; Hexosaminidases; Liver Neoplasms; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Lysosomes; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Neoplasms, Experimental; Radioisotopes; Rats

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Deoxyribonucleases; Female; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Nitrosamines; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Time Factors

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Membrane; Copper; Drug Stability; Edetic Acid; Gangliosides; Glucuronidase; Glycosides; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Lactose; Lithium; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Lysosomes; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Neoplasms, Experimental; Neuraminidase; Rats; Spectrophotometry

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Androgen Antagonists; Bone Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Cyproterone; Estrogens; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pregnadienes; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Autopsy; Carcinoma; Chromaffin System; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pheochromocytoma; Prostatic Neoplasms; Spinal Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Cachexia; Carcinoma; Cathepsins; Female; Gallbladder Diseases; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Liver Neoplasms; Lymphatic Metastasis; Lysosomes; Male; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Muscles; Neoplasms; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Peptic Ulcer

The effect of dexamethasone on adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase activity in cultured HTC hepatoma cells was investigated. Homogenates of these cells contain phosphodiesterase activity with two apparent Michaelis constants for cAMP (2-5 mum and 50 mum). At all substrate concentrations tested, phosphodiesterase activity was decreased 25-40% in cells incubated for 36 hr or more with 1 mum dexamethasone. Acid phosphatase activity in the same cells was not decreased. alpha-Methyl testosterone, 1 mum, was without effect on phosphodiesterase activity. Incubation for 10 min with epinephrine plus theophylline increased the cAMP content of the HTC cells 3- to 6-fold. In cells incubated for 72 hr with dexamethasone, the basal concentration of cAMP was slightly increased and the increment produced by epinephrine plus theophylline was markedly increased. We believe that in many cells the so-called permissive effects of steroid hormones on cAMP mediated processes may be due to an effect of these hormones on cAMP phosphodiesterase activity similar to that observed in HTC cells incubated with dexamethasone.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cells, Cultured; Cyclic AMP; Dexamethasone; Epinephrine; Kinetics; Liver Neoplasms; Methyltestosterone; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Theophylline; Tritium

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Lysosomes; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Microscopy, Electron; Neoplasms, Experimental

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Electrophoresis; Esterases; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Isoenzymes; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Neoplasm Proteins; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neoplasms, Experimental; Rats

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Ascitic Fluid; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cathepsins; Female; Glucuronidase; Glycoside Hydrolases; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; Liver Neoplasms; Lysosomes; Mitochondria, Liver; Neoplasms, Experimental; Podophyllin; Rats

Topics: Acetates; Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cathepsins; Cells, Cultured; Cortisone; Female; Freezing; Glycoside Hydrolases; Hexosaminidases; Kinetics; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Lysosomes; Neoplasms, Experimental; Rats; Surface-Active Agents; Tyrosine Transaminase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Electrophoresis; Glycerophosphates; Isoenzymes; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Neoplasms, Experimental; p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene; Phenols; Phosphoric Acids; Precancerous Conditions; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Digitalis Glycosides; Enzyme Activation; Glucuronidase; Hot Temperature; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypotonic Solutions; Liver Neoplasms; Lysosomes; Neoplasms, Experimental; Phospholipases; Polycyclic Compounds; Rats; Trypsin

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Albumins; Bile Acids and Salts; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Esterases; Fibrinogen; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Lipids; Lipoproteins; Liver Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome; Microscopy, Electron; Peroxidases; Serotonin; Staining and Labeling; Transferrin

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cytosine Nucleotides; Golgi Apparatus; Histocytochemistry; Liver Neoplasms; Lysosomes; Microscopy; Microscopy, Electron; Neoplasms, Experimental; Rats; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinogens; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Fluorenes; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Glucuronidase; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Hyperplasia; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Liver Diseases; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Neoplasms, Experimental; Phosphorylase Kinase; Rats; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Liver Neoplasms; Mice; Neoplasms, Experimental; Radiation Effects; Rats

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bilirubin; Colonic Neoplasms; Esophageal Neoplasms; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Leukemia, Myeloid; Liver Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Male; Neoplasms; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phosphatidylinositols; Phospholipids; Prostatic Neoplasms; Rectal Neoplasms; Sphingolipids; Stomach Neoplasms; Thyroid Neoplasms; Triglycerides; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aflatoxins; Aminopyrine; Animals; Anisoles; Benzopyrenes; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Diet; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Intubation, Gastrointestinal; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Microsomes, Liver; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Nitroso Compounds; Oxidoreductases; Rats; Thymidine; Transferases; Tritium; Vitamin K

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cathepsins; Deoxyribonucleases; Galactosidases; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glucuronidase; Hydrolases; In Vitro Techniques; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Lysosomes; Malate Dehydrogenase; Neoplasms, Experimental; Oxidoreductases; Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase; Rats; Ribonucleases; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Sulfatases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Bile Ducts; Biliary Tract Diseases; Bone and Bones; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Electrophoresis; Intestines; Isoenzymes; Kidney; Ligation; Liver; Liver Diseases; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Neoplasms, Experimental; Rats

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Calcium; Carcinogens; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Castration; Cell Membrane; Cholesterol; Edetic Acid; Estrone; Female; Glycerophosphates; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Magnesium; Male; Neoplasms, Experimental; Nitrophenols; Phenobarbital; Potassium; Rats; Sex Factors; Testosterone; Zinc

Growth of cultured rat hepatoma cells in the presence of 5-bromodeoxyuridine results in a rapid inhibition of the synthesis of adrenal steroid-inducible tyrosine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.5) and slower decreases in the concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27), alcohol dehydrogenase (EC.1.1.1.1), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49). During the same period, neither overall cell growth nor the concentrations of malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37), acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2), or alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2) were significantly decreased by the base analog. Addition of thymidine to the growth medium rapidly counteracts the inhibition of tyrosine aminotransferase synthesis but restores the normal concentrations of lactate-, alcohol-, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases much more slowly. Growth of the cells for only one generation in the presence of bromodeoxyuridine, followed by the addition of thymidine, produces transient decreases in the concentrations of the three "late-responding" dehydrogenases, beginning 2-3 generations after exposure to the analog.It is concluded that the selective inhibitory effects of the analog could result from a mechanism in which bromodeoxyuridine is uniformly incorporated into cellular DNA, but inhibits the transcription of only certain genes into messenger RNA. A mathematical model is derived to account for the observed differences in the kinetics of the inhibition of synthesis of the gene products that are sensitive to the analog.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alanine Transaminase; Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Animals; Bromodeoxyuridine; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Division; Cells, Cultured; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Kinetics; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Liver Neoplasms; Rats; Thymidine; Time Factors; Tyrosine Transaminase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Nucleus; Dactinomycin; Deoxyribonucleases; Histocytochemistry; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Membranes; Methods; Microscopy, Electron; Neoplasms, Experimental; Pancreas; Polyvinyls; Rats; Ribonucleases; Sex Chromatin

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Galactosidases; Glycoside Hydrolases; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Lysosomes; Mitochondria, Liver; Neoplasms, Experimental; Rats; Specific Gravity

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Electrophoresis; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Male; p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene; Rats

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Histocytochemistry; Liver Neoplasms; Lysosomes; Mice; Microscopy, Electron; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neoplasms, Experimental

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aflatoxins; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Histocytochemistry; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Salmonidae; Species Specificity

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Ascites; Cathepsins; Cell Membrane; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Epithelium; Esterases; Histiocytes; Histocytochemistry; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Lymphocytes; Lysosomes; Mice; Microscopy, Electron; Mitochondria, Liver; Organoids; Plasma Cells; Ribosomes; Sarcoma, Experimental

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Biopsy; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Colorimetry; Esophageal Neoplasms; Female; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Intestinal Neoplasms; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Leukemia; Liver Neoplasms; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Melanoma; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Neoplasms; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Prostatic Neoplasms; Tongue Neoplasms; Urogenital Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cathepsins; Galactosidases; Hydrolases; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neoplasms, Experimental; p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene; Rats; Sulfatases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Amides; Animals; Carcinogens; Carcinoma; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Female; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Histocytochemistry; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental; Nitrosamines; Rats; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Time Factors

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Centrifugation; Deoxyribonucleases; Hydrolases; Liver Neoplasms; Lysosomes; Mitochondria, Liver; Neoplasms, Experimental; Rats

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Ascites; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Line; Cytoplasm; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Lysosomes; Microscopy, Electron; Neoplasms, Experimental; Rats

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Liver Neoplasms; Microsomes; Rats

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Nucleus; Deoxyribonucleases; Histocytochemistry; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hyperplasia; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Liver Regeneration; Male; Methods; Neoplasms, Experimental; p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene; Rats

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bilirubin; Biopsy; Blood Cell Count; Blood Protein Disorders; Blood Protein Electrophoresis; Blood Sedimentation; Bone Marrow Examination; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cholesterol; Hepatitis; Humans; Immunoelectrophoresis; Immunoglobulin G; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Phosphates; Transaminases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Catalase; Cathepsins; Cell Nucleus; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Electron Transport Complex IV; Galactosidases; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Hydrolases; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Microsomes, Liver; Mitochondria, Liver; Neoplasm Transplantation; Rats; Ribonucleases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Catalase; Cathepsins; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Electron Transport Complex IV; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Glycogen; Hydrolases; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Microsomes, Liver; Mitochondria, Liver; Rats; Ribonucleases; Sucrose

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinogens; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Histocytochemistry; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental; Nitrosamines; Rats; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Liver Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Ovarian Neoplasms; Transaminases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cathepsins; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Electron Transport Complex IV; Iodine Isotopes; Liver Neoplasms; Lysosomes; Mitochondria, Liver; Rats; Surface-Active Agents

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Edetic Acid; Electrophoresis; In Vitro Techniques; Liver Neoplasms; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neoplasms, Experimental; Neuraminidase; Rats; Trypsin

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Arginase; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Deoxyribonucleases; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glutathione Reductase; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Mitosis; Neoplasms, Experimental; Nitrogen Mustard Compounds; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Radiation Effects; Rats; Sulfhydryl Compounds

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinogens; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Membrane; Cell Nucleus; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Fluorenes; Golgi Apparatus; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Microsomes; Mitochondria; Neoplasms, Experimental; Rats

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Choriocarcinoma; Duodenal Neoplasms; Esophageal Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Pregnancy; Stomach Neoplasms; Tongue Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Classification; DNA, Neoplasm; Female; Fibrosarcoma; Genetics; Liver Neoplasms; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental; Methylcholanthrene; Mice; Neoplasms, Experimental; Ribonucleases; RNA, Neoplasm; Sarcoma, Experimental; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinogens; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cats; Guinea Pigs; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Methods; Mice; Neoplasms, Experimental; Precancerous Conditions; Rabbits; Rats; Time Factors

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Arginase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Catalase; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Enzymes; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Liver; Liver Diseases; Liver Function Tests; Liver Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bone Neoplasms; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Dysgerminoma; Female; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; Glutathione; Hexoses; Humans; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; Isomerases; Kidney Neoplasms; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Liver Function Tests; Liver Neoplasms; Malate Dehydrogenase; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Ovarian Neoplasms; Oxidoreductases; Prostatic Neoplasms; Transaminases; Ureteral Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Membrane Permeability; Chromatography; Edetic Acid; Electrophoresis; Esterases; Histones; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Neoplasm Proteins; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental; p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene; Proteins; Rats; Research; Tissue Culture Techniques

Topics: 5'-Nucleotidase; Acid Phosphatase; Adenine Nucleotides; Alkaline Phosphatase; Blood; Bone and Bones; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Diagnosis; Glycerophosphates; Histidine; Humans; Intestines; Liver Neoplasms; Magnesium; Nickel; Nucleotidases; Osteitis Deformans; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma 256, Walker; Cricetinae; Electron Transport Complex II; Esterases; Histological Techniques; Liver Neoplasms; Metabolism; Mice; Neoplasm Transplantation; Oncogenic Viruses; Oxidoreductases; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Rats; Research; Sarcoma; Sarcoma, Experimental; Skin Neoplasms; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alanine Transaminase; Albumins; Alkaline Phosphatase; Arginase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Blood; D-Alanine Transaminase; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Metabolism; Neoplasms, Experimental; p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene; Physiology; Rats; Research

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Humans; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Neoplasm Metastasis