acid-phosphatase and Leukemia--Myeloid

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase; DNA Nucleotidyltransferases; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Azo Compounds; Cell Line; Esterases; Glucuronidase; Hematology; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Muramidase; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; Peroxidases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Marrow Cells; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Daunorubicin; Female; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Glucuronidase; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Monocytes; Muramidase; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; Peroxidases; Pregnancy; Prognosis; Remission, Spontaneous

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Marrow Cells; Chromosomes, Human, 21-22 and Y; Chronic Disease; Cytoplasmic Granules; Genes; Genes, Regulator; Glycogen; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytes; Microscopy, Electron; Phagocytosis; Spleen

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Chromatography; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Neutrophils; Ribonucleases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Biochemical Phenomena; Biochemistry; Carbohydrate Metabolism; DNA; Folic Acid Antagonists; Glutathione; Heparin; Histamine; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Lipid Metabolism; Lymphocytes; Mercaptopurine; Metabolism; Pathology; Peroxidases; Phagocytosis; Plasminogen; Pyrimidines; RNA; Thymidine; Trace Elements

We report three cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with a near-tetraploid karyotype in most metaphases while lacking chromosomal abnormalities typical for AML. All patients, 63, 72 and 81 years old, were female. In two cases, AML was diagnosed 5-7 months after a cytopenic period while the third patient had a secondary AML after therapy for a pleural tumor. Leukemic blasts were classified as AML M0, AML M1 and AML without further specification. Two patients died on the 18th and 52nd day after the start of cytotoxic chemotherapy, the third patient refused chemotherapy and died 22 days after the diagnosis. The three patients may represent a distinct AML category with the following features: (1) the near-tetraploid karyotype in most bone marrow metaphases examined at diagnosis of AML; (2) the presence of very large myeloid blasts in the bone marrow and dysplastic changes in erythroid and/or megakaryocytic lineages pointing to the origin of AML in pluripotent myeloid progenitor cells; (3) the expression of the CD34 antigen; (4) the low growth of granulocyte-macrophage colony forming cells in culture; and (5) the presence of a preleukemic phase, a higher age and a poor prognosis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bone Marrow Cells; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Cell Division; Colony-Forming Units Assay; Erythrocytes; Female; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Humans; Immunophenotyping; Karyotyping; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Male; Metaphase; Middle Aged; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; Peroxidase; Polyploidy

The use of calcium phosphate biomaterials as a bone substitute necessitates the use of normative biocompatibility and biodegradation techniques which must be fast, simple and reproducible. In the present study, we have developed an in vitro model to study and to compare different calcium phosphate ceramics. After activation with 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 and phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, the monoblastic U937 cells became multinucleated, expressed tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and several markers of monocyte/macrophage differentiation. Activated U937 cells did not express the vitronectin receptor (VNR) (as revealed using monoclonal antibodies 23C6 or 13C2) but around 25% of the cells were strongly reactive with 211D, a novel monoclonal antibody that recognizes an osteoclast-specific membrane antigenic determinant. These cells remain active/viable with hydroxyapatite (HA) or beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) ceramics. In conclusion, activated U937 cells are good candidates to use in a normative in vitro method to evaluate new biomaterials.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibody Specificity; Biocompatible Materials; Biodegradation, Environmental; Calcitriol; Calcium Phosphates; Ceramics; Dentin; Flow Cytometry; Giant Cells; Humans; Integrins; Leukemia, Myeloid; Macrophages; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Monocytes; Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate; Receptors, Cytoadhesin; Receptors, Vitronectin; Reproducibility of Results; Staining and Labeling; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Certain osteoclastic markers (multinucleation and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase) were induced in human leukemia HL-60 cells by treatment with 10(-7) M 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] for 10 days. However, no formation of pits on a bone substrate by vitamin-treated HL-60 cells was detected. Expression of calcitonin receptors (CTR), another osteoclastic marker, was examined by means of the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The human CTR-cDNA (T47D isotype) was amplified from untreated HL-60 cells, but not from cells treated with 1,25(OH)2D3. The CTR mRNA disappeared within 24 h after the treatment. Thus, 1,25(OH)2D3-differentiated HL-60 cells failed to show two intrinsic characteristics of osteoclasts, pit formation on a bone substrate and expression of CTR. We then examined the expression of CTR on established human leukemia cell lines. The CTR mRNA was expressed in myeloblastic ML-1 and promyelocytic HL-60 leukemia cells but not in more mature macrophage-like cell lines, U-937 and THP-1 cells. Neither B cell leukemia BALL-1, T cell leukemia Jurkat, promegakaryoblastic leukemia Meg-J, nor cervix uteri carcinoma HeLa S3 cells amplified the CTR products. The cDNA of BIN67-isotype CTR, that has an additional 16-amino acid insert in the putative first intracellular loop of T47D-type CTR [Kuestner et al. (1994) Mol. Pharmacol. 46, 246-255], was amplified by neither strain tested. It was suggested that the T47D-type CTR is a novel differentiation antigen of immature myeloid lineage cells.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Base Sequence; Calcitriol; Cell Nucleus; DNA Primers; DNA, Complementary; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Molecular Sequence Data; Receptors, Calcitonin; Tumor Cells, Cultured

We herein describe an unusual case of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) showing strong cytochemical reactivity for myeloperoxidase (MPO) but surprisingly no reactivity using flow cytometry for any of the lineage-specific cell surface markers, i.e. myelomonocytic antigens CD13, CD14 and CD33; or B-lymphoid antigens CD19, CD20 and immunoglobulins; or T-lymphoid antigens CD2, CD3 and CD5. The strong reactivity for MPO and the complete absence of reactivity for CD13 and CD14 was verified by an independent assay involving alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP). Our case is of interest for at least two reasons: First, a poorly differentiated variant of AML (negative for MPO but positive for one or more of the myeloid-lineage CD antigens) has been designated FAB M0. In terms of the expression of phenotypic markers, our case may be considered as an 'MPO (+), CD antigen (-) AML'. The CD antigens are known to be expressed very early during myeloid differentiation whereas MPO (in its functional form) is viewed as being expressed relatively late in the process. It is therefore intriguing from a biological standpoint why the supposedly early antigens (CD33 and CD13) remain unexpressed; this may represent an example of 'asynchronous differentiation' in leukaemia. Second, from a practical standpoint, the use of immunophenotyping as a first-line diagnosis would fail to detect such cases. This case strengthens the notion that immunophenotyping by flow cytometry does not eliminate the necessity of performing peroxidase cytochemical staining.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Alkaline Phosphatase; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; CD13 Antigens; Cytarabine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Flow Cytometry; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Immunophenotyping; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; Mitoxantrone; Peroxidase; Phenotype; Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3

Human myeloblastic leukemia cell line ML-1 was induced to differentiate by 1 mumol/l all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) or by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3). After 4-6 days of the induction several differentiation-associated characteristics were observed: (1) Ability to stimulate respiration burst in the ML-1 induced cells as detected by nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test or by chemiluminescence (CL). (The percentage of the NBT-positive cells was up to 99% in the RA-induced cells and up to 85% in the 1,25(OH)2D3-induced cells.) (2) Substantially higher phagocytosis of colloid iron, latex or Staphylococcus particles was found in the induced cells. (3) The 1,25(OH)2D3-induced ML-1 cells expressed the monocytic enzyme NaF-inhibitable alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase and the surface monocytic antigen CD-14. (4) A majority of the induced cells lost the morphological features of blast cells; while the 1,25(OH)2D3-treated cells acquired certain features of monocyte-macrophage differentiation, the RA-treated cells displayed several granulocytic characteristics. (5) Cytofluorometric DNA assay after treatment of the cells with colcemid showed that the decline observed in the growth rate of the induced cells was connected with their arrest in G1/G0 phase of the cell cycle. The obtained results indicate granulocytic differentiation of the RA-induced ML-1 cells and monocyto/macrophage differentiation of the 1,25-(OH)2-D3 induced cells.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Calcitriol; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; Demecolcine; Humans; Iron; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; Naphthols; Oxygen Consumption; Peroxidase; Tretinoin

Stromal cell numbers from subjects with no haematological disease and those with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL), acute lymphatic leukaemia (ALL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were compared to determine their role in malignancy. Frozen sections of trephine biopsy specimens from iliac crests were stained for endogenous alkaline phosphatase activity, endogenous acid phosphatase activity, and, using immunocytochemical methods, for endothelial cells (anti-factor-VIII related antigen) and macrophages and related cells (EBM/11). In granulocytic malignancies, whether acute or chronic, alkaline phosphatase positive reticulum cells (AL-RC) and vascular endothelial cells were generally increased. In lymphoid malignancies, the numbers of AL-RC were generally reduced. Numbers of vascular endothelial cells seemed to be normal in ALL but reduced in foci of NHL. Macrophages are numerous in normal marrow, and their numbers seemed to be normal in granulocytic lesions but were more variable and sometimes reduced in ALL and NHL. Lymphoid malignancies, therefore, have a destructive effect on some stromal elements; granulocytic malignancies are associated with normal or increased numbers of stromal cells. A possible consequence of depleted stromal cells might be slower reconstitution of normal haemopoiesis after treatment. The large numbers in granulocytic malignancies raises the possibility of synergistic stimulation between stromal and neoplastic cells.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Marrow; Cell Count; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Macrophages; Male; Middle Aged; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma

In a retrospective study, consecutive bone marrow biopsies and smears from 104 children with leukemia were analyzed for expression of lymphoid and myeloid lineage-associated features. Eighty-six cases were diagnosed as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 14 cases as acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), and one case as chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Finally, three children were classified as biphenotypic leukemia demonstrating mixed populations of lymphoid and myeloid blast cells from the onset of the disease. Thus, leukemia with a dual phenotype was assessed in 2.9% of all cases examined. The recognition of bilineage origin even by conventional methods such as morphology, cytochemistry and marker studies may be important for the selection of an effective treatment.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Marrow; Child; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Infant; Karyotyping; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lymphocytes; Male; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; Peroxidase; Phenotype; Retrospective Studies

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Cytoplasm; Granulocytes; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Peroxidases

Bone marrow macrophages were found to express tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) under pathological conditions. In chronic granulocytic leukemia and metastatic carcinoma in the bone marrow this phenomenon was striking, all or almost all of the marrow macrophages being reactive. In other conditions, such as hypertransfusion or chemotherapy-induced marrow aplasia, the phenomenon did occur but was clearly a minor one. These observations indicate that tissue macrophages may become TRAP positive under the effect of unknown stimuli operating in certain pathological conditions. The results further suggest that the synthesis of the isoenzyme of acid phosphatase resistant to tartrate inhibition is a marker of macrophage activation rather than of differentiation towards particular subsets of the mononuclear phagocyte system.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Marrow Diseases; Bone Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Macrophages; Tartrates

The human leukemia cell lines HL-60, KG-1, KLM-2, ML-3, THP-1, and U-937 were treated with the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). TPA partially or completely inhibited the proliferative activity of the cell cultures. The number of cells with the ability to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium increased in the TPA-treated cell lines HL-60, ML-3, THP-1, and U-937, whereas the cell lines KG-1 and KLM-2 remained nitroblue tetrazolium negative. Except for KG-1 and KLM-2, all TPA-treated cell lines showed varying degrees of strong adherence to plastic surface. The carboxylic esterase, acid phosphatase, hexosaminidase, and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme profiles from these cell lines were analyzed by isoelectric focusing on horizontal polyacrylamide gels. The new or stronger expression of an esterase isoenzyme which is specific for monocytes-macrophages was induced in HL-60, ML-3, THP-1, and U-937 but not in KG-1 or KLM-2. The new expression of the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoenzyme was induced in ML-3, THP-1, and U-937. The number of esterase and acid phosphatase isoenzymes and the staining intensity of isoenzymes characteristic for myeloid cells were increased by TPA in all cell lines. The loss of the hexosaminidase I isoenzyme which is a marker of immature hematopoietic cells was noted in KG-1, ML-3, THP-1, and U-937. TPA triggered an increase in number and staining intensity of the lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in all cell lines. Some isoenzymatic changes (e.g., monocyte-specific esterase, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, hexosaminidase I) appear to correlate with TPA-induced differentiation while other alterations in the isoenzyme patterns do not (e.g., lactate dehydrogenase, other esterase and acid phosphatase isoenzymes). Differentiation of nonmonocytoid cells appears, at the isoenzyme level, to be quite different from that of the monocytoid cell lines.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Cell Adhesion; Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; Cell Line; Humans; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukemia, Myeloid; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate

Two-step sucrose density gradient centrifugation was used to isolate the plasma membrane of a myeloid leukemia cell line (Ml). Calspectin (or fodrin) was identified in the Triton-insoluble fraction from the plasma membrane, and the molecular size and actin- and calmodulin-binding activity were studied. During differentiation of this cell line, which accompanied the induction of cell motility and phagocytic activity, the membrane-bound actin increased dramatically, whereas calspectin increased only slightly. Therefore, calspectin does not appear to have a major function in the increased binding of actin filaments to the plasma membrane, a requirement for the induction of cell motility.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Actins; Animals; Calmodulin-Binding Proteins; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Cell Membrane; Electron Transport Complex IV; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Leukemia, Myeloid; Membrane Proteins; Mice; Neoplasm Proteins; Phagocytosis; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; Spectrin

The cells from 87 leukemia-lymphoma cell lines, 14 B-lymphoblastoid cell lines, 459 cases of leukemia-lymphoma, normal specimens, 22 leukemia-lymphoma cell lines treated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) and 14 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) treated with TPA were analyzed for the expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TracP) isoenzyme separated by isoelectric focusing. The TracP isoenzyme was seen in the following leukemia-lymphoma cell lines: 4 of 30 T-cell, 2 of 35 B-cell, 1 of 6 non-T/non-B-cell, 1 of 8 myelomonocytic, 3 of 4 erythroleukemia, and 3 of 4 Hodgkin's disease-derived cell lines. The expression of the TracP band could be induced by treatment with TPA in 3 myelomonocytic leukemia cell lines. Among the different types of leukemia-lymphoma cells freshly obtained from patients, the TracP isoenzyme was detected at a high incidence in cases of B-CLL, hairy cell leukemia (HCL), and B-lymphoma. Of the myeloid leukemias, 10% to 20% displayed the TracP isoenzyme. TracP positivity was detected in the peripheral blood, tonsil, bone marrow, spleen, and liver obtained from healthy donors, but not in the thymus. The expression of the TracP band could be newly induced by TPA in cases of CLL and in cases of CML. It is concluded that TracP activity is not specific for HCL, but is found at high incidences in cases of HCL, B-CLL and B-lymphoma. The TracP isoenzyme is not expressed by very immature lymphoid leukemia cells, but by cells arrested at later stages of differentiation of the T- or B-cell lineage, and by some myeloid cells.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Humans; Isoelectric Focusing; Isoenzymes; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lymphoma; Monocytes; Tartrates; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate

Cytochemical and immunologic analysis of cells obtained from two patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) during blast crisis reveals markers suggestive of an immature lymphoid phenotype. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from both patients generated spontaneous lymphoblastoid colonies in methylcellulose, a phenomenon observed in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias and T cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas but not in any other type of leukemia. Colonies derived from one patient were composed predominantly of OKT3+ cells (89%), whereas those from the second patient displayed 42% OKT3+ and OKT6+ cells. In the second patient's colonies, each of five mitoses contained the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) and two of five displayed the same additional karyotypic abnormalities as the blast crisis cells. Cells obtained from the two patients during remission still gave rise to spontaneous T cell colonies (greater than 85% OKT3+) and Ph1 was detected in 33% and 60% of the metaphases, respectively. However, when colony growth was induced by an interleukin 2-containing conditioned medium, less than 5% of mitoses were Ph1-positive. These data suggest that: (1) the T cell lineage might be involved in CML; (2) a subset of T cells may remain unaffected by the leukemic process, as demonstrated by the virtual absence of Ph1 in induced T cell colonies; and (3) the spontaneous colony assay seems to select for the growth of malignant T cells.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; B-Lymphocytes; Cells, Cultured; Chromosome Aberrations; Esterases; Female; Humans; Karyotyping; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lymphoid Tissue; Male; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Philadelphia Chromosome; T-Lymphocytes

Treatment of human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60 cells) with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) results in terminal differentiation of the cells to macrophage-like cells. Treatment of the cells with TPA induced marked enhancement of the phosphorylation of 28- and 67-kDa proteins and a decrease in that of a 75-kDa protein. When the cells were treated with diacylglycerol, i.e. 50 micrograms/ml 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol (OAG), similar changes in the phosphorylation of 28-, 67-, and 75-kDa proteins were likewise observed, indicating that OAG actually stimulates protein kinase C in intact HL-60 cells. OAG (1-100 micrograms/ml), which we used, activated partially purified mouse brain protein kinase C in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of HL-60 cells with 10 nM TPA for 48 h caused an increase by about 8-fold in cellular acid phosphatase activity. Although a significant increase in acid phosphatase activity was induced by OAG, the effect was scant compared to that of TPA (less than 7% that of TPA). After 48-h exposure to 10 nM TPA, about 95% of the HL-60 cells adhered to culture dishes. On the contrary, treatment of the cells either with OAG (2-100 micrograms/ml) or phospholipase C failed to induce HL-60 cell adhesion. Ca2+ ionophore A23187 failed to act synergistically with OAG. In addition, hourly or bi-hourly cumulative addition of OAG for 24 h also proved ineffective to induce HL-60 cell adhesion. Our present results do not imply that protein kinase C activation is nonessential for TPA-induced HL-60 cell differentiation, but do demonstrate that protein kinase C activation is not the sole event sufficient to induce HL-60 cell differentiation by means of this agent.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Brain; Calcimycin; Cell Adhesion; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Diglycerides; Enzyme Activation; Glycerides; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Mice; Molecular Weight; Phorbols; Phosphoproteins; Phosphorylation; Protein Kinase C; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Type C Phospholipases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Female; Granulocytes; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Middle Aged; Peroxidase; Peroxidases; Prognosis

In a man with myelomonocytic leukemia, the association of increased prostatic acid phosphatase activity in serum and the presence of typical bone lesions on roentgenography suggested the existence of disseminated prostatic carcinoma. During the clinical observation period, however, prostatic involvement could not be proved. Moreover, bone pain and prostatic-type acid phosphatase activity in serum closely paralleled monocyte counts and the degree of hepatosplenomegaly and leukemic skin lesions. Finally, meticulous postmortem examination of the prostate showed no prostatic carcinoma. This clinical picture appears to be entirely explicable in terms of leukemic organ infiltration and the proliferation of monocytes, which are known to contain acid phosphatase isoenzymes like those in the prostate.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone and Bones; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Middle Aged; Prostatic Neoplasms

A case of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) with abnormal marrow eosinophils is presented. Thorough morphological, cytochemical, and cytogenetic studies confirm the existence of a recently defined new cytogenetic-morphological entity: acute myelomonocytic leukemia with abnormal bone marrow eosinophils (FAB M4), chloracetate esterase- and periodic acid-Schiff-positivity of eosinophilic granules, and pericentric inversion of chromosome 16, in this case combined with trisomy 8. So far 18 such cases have been reported from a single institution. The implications of this new association on the diagnosis of acute leukemia with abnormal eosinophils are discussed.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosomes, Human, 16-18; Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X; Cytoplasmic Granules; Eosinophils; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; Trisomy

Quantitative cytochemistry of components of blood neutrophil azurophilic granules (myeloperoxidase, chloroacetate esterase, beta-glucuronidase, and acid phosphatase) and specific granules (lactoferrin) has been performed by scanning and integrating microdensitometry in 13 patients with a myelodysplastic syndrome and 11 patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia. Both patient groups showed a reduction of enzyme activity in azurophilic granules, and also of lactoferrin, consistent with abnormal development of neutrophil granules. These cytochemical changes in blood neutrophils are similar to those found in acute myeloid leukaemia, are consistent with a leukaemic maturation defect, and may be of diagnostic value.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Anemia, Aplastic; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Cytoplasmic Granules; Densitometry; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hydrolases; Lactoferrin; Lactoglobulins; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocyte Count; Neutrophils; Peroxidase; Peroxidases

Distribution of ribonuclease (RNAase), acid phosphatase (acid Ph-ase) and beta glucuronidase (BGU) between the granule, cytosol-soluble and post-granule fractions in normal human granulocytes and in granulocytes of chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) was studied. CGL granulocytes were found to display relative RNAase activity 1.2 times higher, relative acid Ph-ase activity 2.5 times higher than normal granulocytes. The granule fraction of CGL granulocytes showed 1.4 times higher relative RNAase activity but 0.87 times lower acid Ph-ase activity and the same BGU activity as normal granulocytes. On the other hand, the supernatant soluble fraction of CGL granulocytes showed 4.4 times higher relative RNAase activity, 1.2 times higher relative acid Ph-ase activity and BGU 2.2 times higher than in cytosol soluble fraction of normal granulocytes. Thus, cytosol soluble fraction of CGL granulocytes show a relative activity of the lysosomal enzymes studied which is remarkably higher than in normal granulocytes. The percentage distribution of RNAase, acid Ph-ase and BGU showed that CGL granulocytes contain only 36% of total RNAase activity versus 46% of that in normal ones. On the other hand, CGL granulocytes in cytosol soluble fraction will contain 48% of total RNAase versus 29% of total RNAase in cytosol of normal granulocytes. The isoenzyme profiles of RNAase of granule fractions were similar in normal and CGL granulocytes, while the RNAase isoenzyme profiles of cytosol fractions were different for normal and CGL granulocytes, indicating that some essential part of CGL granulocyte cytosol RNAase differs from RNAase contained in granules and in cytosol of normal granulocytes.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Cytosol; Female; Glucuronidase; Granulocytes; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Middle Aged; Reference Values; Ribonucleases

Backscattered Electron Imaging (BEI) is a particular technique which permits to study cytochemical reactions with the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The BEI data pertaining to specific enzymatic activities can be directly correlated to the surface morphology of each individual cell. Leukocytes from 5 normal individuals, 14 patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukaemia (ANLL), 7 patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) and 3 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) were studied for myeloperoxidase activity, acid phosphatase localization, silver staining of the nuclei and phagocytosis of iron carbonyl in the BEI mode of SEM. Some normal peripheral blood leukocytes which cannot be distinguished by their surface morphology alone were satisfactorily identified with the BEI technique. Leukaemic myeloid cells can be recognized in many cases because of their positive myeloperoxidase reaction, while monocytic elements can be characterized by the presence of surface ruffles, acid phosphatase activity and active phagocytosis. The usefulness of the BEI technique in identifying different blood cell types with the SEM and its possible application to the diagnosis of certain cases of leukaemia are discussed.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Bone Marrow; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Peroxidase; Phagocytosis; Reference Values

Human myeloid leukemia cell lines ML-1, ML-2, ML-3, promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 and histiocytic lymphoma cell line U-937 were induced to differentiate by 0.5-10 ng/ml (0.8-16 nM) 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). After 48-72 h of induction, changes of the morphology, cytochemistry and of the antigenic phenotype of induced and control cells were studied using a panel of monoclonal antibodies against granulocytic, monocytic, HLA-ABC and HLA-DR antigens in indirect immunofluorescence. Cells of the TPA-treated cultures acquired morphological, cytochemical and antigenic markers of monocytes/macrophages, as surface adherence, alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (alpha-NE) and acid phosphatase activity and the expression of monocytic antigens detected with monoclonal antibodies 63D3, FMC 17, B 44.1, B 52.1 and anti-Mol. During differentiation in vitro induced by TPA, also loss of HLA-DR antigens and diminution of antigen of cell activation were detected with antibodies L 243 and 4F2. The expression of granulocytic antigens was only slightly diminished and the expression of HLA-ABC antigens was not changed by TPA-treatment. There were differences in the percentage of cells induced to differentiate among the lines of different origin and even among the lines ML-1, ML-2 and ML-3, established from a single patient with acute myeloid leukemia. After treatment of cultures with 5 ng/ml TPA for 72 h DNA synthesis was inhibited to 60-80%.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens, Neoplasm; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; Histocytochemistry; HLA Antigens; HLA-A Antigens; HLA-DR Antigens; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Neoplasms, Experimental; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate

The two types of granule in polymorphonuclear neutrophils may have distinct functions. The primary granule enzymes are responsible for killing and digesting ingested micro-organisms while the secondary granule constituents may have regulatory functions outside the cell. This hypothesis is supported by finding that during immune phagocytosis of a yeast, nearly all of the neutrophil's secondary granule vitamin B12-binding protein is lost from the cell and 80% can be accounted for in the medium. Much less of the primary granule enzymes, beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase, are lost from the cells and very little can be detected in the medium. Lysozyme is a constituent of both types of granule and its behaviour is intermediate. There is no difference in the release of these granule constituents from chronic granulocytic leukaemia neutrophils compared with normal neutrophils.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Candida; Cytoplasmic Granules; Glucuronidase; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukemia, Myeloid; Muramidase; Neutrophils; Phagocytosis; Transcobalamins

Net enzyme activities of normal human blood cells were measured, and isoelectric focusing patterns of acid esterase (AcE) (EC 3.1.1.6) and acid phosphatase (AcP) (EC 3.1.3.2) were compared with corresponding data obtained for two acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines (JM, Molt-4), one acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia cell line (Ball-1), one acute non-B-non-T-lymphoblastic leukemia cell line (KM 3), and one promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL-60). The AcE isozymes, found in the individual blood cell types, were regularly expressed by the corresponding cell lines. AcP was regularly expressed by lines HL-60 and KM 3, but lines JM, Molt-4, and Ball-1 showed additional isozymes and/or reduction of the intensity of the typical isozymes found in the presumed normal counterparts. This phenomenon resulted partly in an obscuration of the typical isozyme patterns. Our study documents the applicability of isozyme mapping to the characterization of permanent hematopoietic cell lines. The results suggest that long-term culture conditions can repress phenotypic properties and/or derepress gene activities.

Topics: Acetylesterase; Acid Phosphatase; Cell Line; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Humans; Isoelectric Focusing; Isoenzymes; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Peroxidase; Peroxidases

Using a novel fluorimetric assay for pyridoxal phosphate phosphatase, human polymorphonuclear leucocytes were found to exhibit both acid an alkaline activities. The neutrophils were homogenised in isotonic sucrose and subjected to analytical subcellular fractionation by sucrose density gradient centrigfugation. The alkaline pyridoxal phosphate phosphatase showed a very similar distribution to alkaline phosphatase an was located solely to the phosphasome granules. Fractionation experiments on neutrophils treated with isotonic sucrose containing digitonin and inhibitor studies with diazotised sulphanilic acid and levamisole further confirmed that both enzyme activities had similar locations and properties. Acid pyridoxal phosphate phosphatase activity was located primarily to the tertiary granule with a partial azurophil distribution. Fractionation studies on neutrophils homogenised in isotonic sucrose containing digitonin and specific inhibitor studies showed that acid pyridoxal phosphate phosphatase and acid phosphatase were not the result of a single enzyme activity, Neutrophils were isolated from control subjects, patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia and patients in the third trimester of pregnancy. The specific activities (munits/mg protein) of alkaline pyridoxal phosphate phosphatase an alkaline phosphatase varied widely in the three groups and the alterations occurred in a parallel manner. The specific activities of acid pyridoxal phosphate phosphatase and of acid phosphatase were similar in the three groups. These results, together with the fractionation experiments and inhibition studies strongly suggest that pyridoxal phosphate is a physiological substrate for neutrophil alkaline phosphatase.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Cytoplasmic Granules; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Leukemia, Myeloid; Neutrophils; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Pregnancy

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Cell Differentiation; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase; Esterases; Granulocytes; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Monocytes; Muramidase; Peroxidase

The occurrence of natural substances with antigenic properties similar to those of the prostatic acid phosphatase was examined in one patient with neutrophilic leukemia and increased activity of serum acid phosphatase. The fraction responsible for the increased serum enzyme activity was tartrate sensitive and was identified as isoenzyme 2 by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This isoenzyme originated from the leukocytes but had similar electromobility to that of the prostatic acid phosphatase isoenzyme 2. Immunohistochemical and counterimmunoelectrophoretic studies indicated that this leukocytic isoenzyme was present in the neutrophils and shared antigenic properties with the prostatic isoenzyme 2. Leukocytes from one patient with acute granulocytic leukemia, two patients with polycythemia vera with neutrophilia, and five normal subjects also contained this prostatic acid phosphatase like isoenzyme. Elevated serum "prostatic" acid phosphatase activity, therefore, may be found not only in prostatic cancer but also in granulocytic leukemia and perhaps other diseases.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Agranulocytosis; Counterimmunoelectrophoresis; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Polycythemia Vera; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms

White blood cells have been studied in the back-scattered electron imaging (BEI) mode of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with cytochemical methods for endogenous peroxidase, acid phosphatase, and a silver-staining method for nuclei. Peroxidase-positive granules were seen with good contrast and resolution in myeloid precursor cells and acid phosphatase activity was easily detected in macrophages and monoblasts. Silver staining permitted recognition of the shapes and location of the nuclei. In spite of the cytochemical procedures, cell surface structures were reasonably well-preserved in all methods, making direct correlation of BEI and secondary electron imaging (SEI) images an attractive feature in cell research with the scanning electron microscope.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Ascitic Fluid; Cell Nucleus; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Mice; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Peroxidases; Rats

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Microscopy, Electron; Neutrophils; Peroxidases

The activities of seven different leukocyte hydrolases were studied in 19 patients and ten controls. There was a strong positive correlation between the monocyte count and the activities of the lysosomal enzymes (N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, alpha-fucosidase, beta-galactosidase, and alpha-mannosidase). High alpha-fucosidase and alpha-mannosidase activities were also found in the eosinophilic granulocytes. Using simple commercially available synthetic substrates, it is possible to study the activities of the lysosomal enzymes in different types of leukemias and to recognize the monocytic leukemias even when they present with very immature precursor cells in the peripheral blood.

Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; alpha-L-Fucosidase; beta-Galactosidase; Female; Glucuronidase; Glycoside Hydrolases; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Lysosomes; Male; Mannosidases; Middle Aged

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Basophils; Carbohydrates; Cations; Cell Membrane; Cytoplasmic Granules; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Mitochondria; Peroxidases; Staining and Labeling

Induction of differentiation of a human promyelocytic leukemic cell line (HL60) in culture is accompanied by changes in acid phosphatase (Acpase) activity. The increase in activity is less than twofold when the leukemic cells are stimulated by dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) to differentiate into metamyelocytes and granulocytes but is eightfold when the cells are stimulated by the tumor-promoting agent 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) to differentiate into macrophage-like cells. Five different isozymes of Acpase were separated by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Isozyme 1, the most anodal isozyme, was found to be present in undifferentiated, DMSO-treated and TPA-treated cells; isozyme 2 was a very faint band observed both in DMSO- and TPA-treated cells, the isoenzymes 3a and 3b were present only in TPA-induced cells; and isozyme 4, the most cathodal isozyme, was present both in TPA- and DMSO-induced cells. A time sequence study on the appearance of the various forms after TPA treatment indicated that the expression of the isozymes is regulated in an uncoordinated fashion. Acpase activity has been shown by ultrastructural cytochemistry to be localized in the entire rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and in areas of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) located near the Golgi complex in differentiating cells but to be extremely weak, if at all detectable, in undifferentiated promyelocytes.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Granulocytes; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leukemia, Myeloid; Macrophages; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Chromatography, Gel; Humans; Isoelectric Point; Isoenzymes; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lymphoma; Solubility; Thymus Gland

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Cytoplasm; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Blood Cells; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Neutrophils; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Arginine; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media; DNA, Neoplasm; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lysosomes; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Phagocytosis; Time Factors

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes

The clinical, morphologic, and cytochemical findings of 7 patients with malignant histiocytosis are presented in this study. The diagnoses were confirmed by the use of electron microscopy and cytochemistry (acid phosphatase and naphthol-AS-acetate-esterase). Two different types of malignant histiocytes were identified by the differentiation and development of cell organells. The relation of malignant histiocytosis to monocytic leukemia and to normal histiocytes (and their precursors) is discussed. And finally, there are statements on the origin and peculiarities of malignant histiocytes.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Cell Differentiation; Cell Nucleus; Histiocytes; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lymphatic Diseases; Microscopy, Electron; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Organoids

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Female; Hematopoietic System; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lymphocytes; Male; Mononuclear Phagocyte System; Pregnancy; Tartrates

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antineoplastic Agents; Granulocytes; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid

The activities of acid phosphatases (AP) were measured in leukocytes from patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML), macrophages, granulocytes, in the fractionated mononuclear cells of patients with CML and with hairy-cell-leukemia (HCL) and in the cells from patients with acute leukemia (AL). The lowest activities were found in lymphocytes of normal subjects and of patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) and in thrombocytes. Isoenzyme (IsE) 1 was characteristic for thymocytes, IsE 2 for granulocytes, IsE 3 for pathologic blast-cells, lymphocytes and thrombocytes, IsE 4 for macrophages, IsE 5 with components a and b for the mononuclear fraction of patients with HCL. In addition IsE 5 was detected in lymphocytes, macrophages and CLL-cells. In 4 patients with HCL the relative percentage of IsE-5-fraction was slightly greater than the percentage of tartrate resistant cells. In two patients with questionable HCL well marked IsE-5-fractions were recognized but no tartrate resistant cells. In one patient with HCL a relatively high percentage of tartrate resistant hairy-cells and in comparison an inadaquate low IsE-5-fraction was found. These different relations were explained with the more sensitive method of gelelectrophoresis and different affinity of substrates to AP.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Blood Platelets; Granulocytes; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leukemia; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Lymphocytes; Macrophages

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Antimetabolites; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; Deoxyribonucleases; Dexamethasone; Enzyme Induction; Glucocorticoids; Glucuronidase; Leukemia, Experimental; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lysosomes; Mice; Peptide Hydrolases; Phagocytosis; Ribonucleases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Blood Platelets; Cytoplasmic Granules; Female; Glucuronidase; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Middle Aged

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Anemia, Hypochromic; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Cell Nucleus; Cytoplasm; Gaucher Disease; Histiocytes; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemoid Reaction; Lipids; Organoids; Staining and Labeling

Cytochemistry is disappointing in lymphoproliferative syndromes for it does not permit one to classify the various diseases with certainty. In the early stages, if the three indices are lowered, the prognosis seems poorer. A study of glucuronidase permits, in hyperlymphocytosis, one to differentiate benign from malignant lymphocytes, but does not permit one to differentiate from one another, the other chronic lymphoproliferative syndromes. The acid phosphatase is interesting in the study of hairy cell leukemia. Finally, it was not possible to distinguish chronic lymphoid leukemia from leukemia with lymphosarcomatous cells, nor from the cytochemical point of view nor using tests for delayed hypersensitivity.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Glucuronidase; Glycosaminoglycans; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Skin Tests; Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia

We have previously reported on the ultrastructure of platelets in preleukemia and myelomonocytic leukemia. We referred to an unusual and distinct anomaly of the platelet granules found in 15 of 16 patients. In the present communication we wish to describe and illustrate the light microscopic appearance of giant anomalous granules. Close scrutiny of the platelet morphology and a search for the aforementioned platelet granulopathy are important in the evaluation of patients with myeloproliferative diseases. In this paper we describe and illustrate in more detail the ultrastructure and ultrastructural histochemistry of the abnormal granules. In those patients with the platelet granulopathy, we have conducted in vitro platelet aggregation studies and carried out an electron microscopic evaluation of the aggregates. At least some of the giant granules remained morphologically intact in advanced stages of the aggregation phenomenon, and thus they are probably composed of elements that were not released during aggregation.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Anemia, Aplastic; Blood Platelets; Cell Membrane; Cytoplasmic Granules; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Peroxidases; Platelet Aggregation; Precancerous Conditions; Vacuoles

Five human leukocyte long-term suspension cultures were investigated by means of cytochemical and cytogenetic methods. A striking resemblance in the morphology of these cells originating either from peripheral blood or from spleen of patients with or without hematological disorders was found. Lymphocytic origin of all five cultures is suspected. In the three cultures a diploid karyotype was found with some aberrations. In one culture, derived from the spleen of a patient with panmyelopathy the mosaic 45 XX C -/46 XX was detected. Anomalies of C group chromosomes were the most consistent type of chromosome aberrations in two lines. Both were EBV positive.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Anemia, Hemolytic; Autoradiography; Cell Line; Chromosome Aberrations; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Middle Aged; Peroxidases; RNA; Spleen; Thymidine; Time Factors; Tritium

In four cases of hairy cell leukemia a cytochemical polymorphism concerning acid phosphatase (AP) is evident. Any AP is lacking in all hairy cells of one case; only tartrate inhibitable AP is occurring in two cases, in another case tartrate resistant AP is found in high activity. Thus, the lack of tartrate resistant AP seems not to be an argument against hairy cell leukemia.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Blood Cells; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Middle Aged; Tartrates

On account of 2 own observations, main clinical and diagnostic features of Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) will be discussed. HCL is a rare, unusual type of chronic leukemia and is predominantly particular of middle-aged men. The occurrence of middle-sized lymphoid cells having a hairy cytoplasmic edge, and a tartrate-resistant acid PHOsphatase isoenzyme are the characteristic criteria of the HCL. The diffuse infiltration by hairy cells affecting primarily the spleen and bone marrow results in anaemia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia and splenomegaly. Differential diagnosis have to be made in relation to other lymphatic leukemias, leukemic malignant lymphomas and monoclonal gammopathies as well as lymphotropic viral infections. Immunologic behaviour of hairy cells is like that of B-lymphocytes. Therefore, the term "leukemic reticuloendotheliosis" should no longer be applied.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Age Factors; Agranulocytosis; Anemia; B-Lymphocytes; Bone Marrow; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lymphatic Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Sex Factors; Spleen; Splenomegaly; Thrombocytopenia

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Depression, Chemical; Glucuronidase; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adsorption; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Antibody Specificity; Blood Proteins; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; Cricetinae; Diploidy; Erythrocytes; Esterases; Glycogen; Humans; Immune Sera; Immunodiffusion; Karyotyping; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Lipids; Naphthalenes; Neoplasm Transplantation; Peroxidases; Rabbits

Morphological and immunological studies of four cases of leukaemic reticuloendotheliosis are reported. The findings indicate that leukaemic reticuloendotheliosis is a monoclonal B cell neoplasm in which the leukaemic cell expresses either Kappa or lambda light chain and delta heavy chain determinants. The similarity between this disease and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia is discussed.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Blood Cells; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Cells, Cultured; Chromatin; Cytoplasm; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Epitopes; Erythrocytes; Humans; Inclusion Bodies; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Lymphatic Diseases; Lymphocyte Activation; Microscopy, Electron; Monocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Esterases; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Monoamine Oxidase; Multiple Myeloma; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neuroblastoma; Plasmacytoma; Sarcoma, Ewing

Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (A.P.L.) is a rare but important type of acute myeloid leukaemia characterized by major bleeding in association with thrombocytopenia, a specific peripheral blood and bone marrow picture, low plasma fibrinogen, and the presence in the serum of fibrin degradation products. These last abnormalities are related to the disseminated intravascular consumption of coagulation factors with secondary fibrinolysis. A.P.L. requires early recognition and urgent treatment. With optimal management up to half of the patients may achieve complete remission of two years or more. Undoubtedly patients with A.P.L. do especially well when treated in special centres and some patients with A.P.L. now die before the nature of their disease is recognized. Increased familiarity with the problem, which has been known for nearly 20 years, should yield great dividends for those few patients who have this disease.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Binding Sites; Bone Marrow Cells; Erythrocytes; Factor V; Factor VIII; Fibrinogen; Hematuria; Hemorrhage; Heparin; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocyte Count; Peroxidases; Platelet Transfusion; Prognosis; Prothrombin; Purpura; Remission, Spontaneous; Thrombocytopenia; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Esterases; Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Isoelectric Focusing; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Lymphocytes; Ribonucleases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Blood Platelets; Blood Proteins; Cell Fractionation; Female; Glucuronidase; Humans; Hydrolases; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lysosomes; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidoreductases; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Antibody Formation; Complement System Proteins; Esterases; Female; Humans; Immune Adherence Reaction; Immunoglobulins; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lymphocytes; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Phagocytosis; Sex Factors; Terminology as Topic

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Blood Coagulation Factors; Blood Platelet Disorders; Blood Platelets; Epinephrine; Hemostasis; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Platelet Adhesiveness

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Monophosphate; Edetic Acid; Freezing; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Magnesium; Nucleotidases; Solubility; Tartrates

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Esterases; Exudates and Transudates; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Monocytes; Muramidase; Skin Window Technique

Topics: Acetates; Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Aminosalicylic Acids; Cell Differentiation; Chlorine; Chronic Disease; Cytodiagnosis; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Methods; Naphthols

In human leukemic myeloblasts, the granule enzymes beta-glucuronidase, myeloperoxidase and acid phosphatase were associated with light particles of varying densities that were separable from each other by means of zonal density gradient centrifugation. In more mature granulocytic cells of chronic myelogenous leukemia the three enzymes merged within a single group of denser particles; such particles were absent in myeloblasts. Myeloblast particles had two to three times higher activity of beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase, but only one-tenth of the myeloperoxidase activity. Some of the cationic proteins and lysozyme were not found in leukemic myeloblasts but were present in particles of chronic myelogenous leukemia; alkaline phosphatase was absent from both types of leukemic cells.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Cytoplasmic Granules; Electrophoresis, Paper; Glucuronidase; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Muramidase; Peroxidases; Subcellular Fractions

Topics: Acetylesterase; Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Cytoplasmic Granules; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Galactosidases; Glucuronidase; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Muramidase; Sodium Chloride; Sulfatases; Temperature

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Bone Marrow Cells; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Child; Cytoplasmic Granules; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Microscopy, Electron; Monocytes; Neutrophils; Peroxidases; RNA, Neoplasm

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Cells; Diagnosis, Differential; Gaucher Disease; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Inclusion Bodies; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Lipids; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Mononuclear Phagocyte System; Phagocytosis; Reticulocytes; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Marrow Cells; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lymphatic Diseases; Macrophages; Monocytes; Mononuclear Phagocyte System; Phospholipids; Pigments, Biological

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Esterases; Kidney; Leukemia Virus, Murine; Leukemia, Experimental; Leukemia, Myeloid; Liver; Methods; Mice; Spleen; Thymus Gland

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Esterases; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lectins; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Multiple Myeloma; Peroxidases; Sarcoma

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Lysosomes; Male; Molecular Weight; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; Placenta; Prostate

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Chronic Disease; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Male

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Agar; Alkaline Phosphatase; Amylases; Animals; Cattle; Chickens; Chromatography, Gel; Deoxyribonucleases; Diffusion; Egg White; Gels; Intestines; Kinetics; Leukemia, Myeloid; Macaca; Male; Methods; Muramidase; Pancreas; Plants; Polysaccharides; Ribonucleases; Semen; Swine; Triticum

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Cell Fractionation; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Monocytes; Muramidase; Neutrophils; Phagocytosis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Asparaginase; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Carcinoma; Depression, Chemical; Esterases; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytes; Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid; Lymphatic Diseases; Multiple Myeloma; Peroxidases; Stimulation, Chemical

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bilirubin; Colonic Neoplasms; Esophageal Neoplasms; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Leukemia, Myeloid; Liver Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Male; Neoplasms; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phosphatidylinositols; Phospholipids; Prostatic Neoplasms; Rectal Neoplasms; Sphingolipids; Stomach Neoplasms; Thyroid Neoplasms; Triglycerides; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Marrow Examination; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytes; Male; Muramidase; Nitrophenols; Remission, Spontaneous; Sarcoidosis

Topics: Acetylesterase; Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Diagnosis, Differential; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Neutrophils

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Lymphoma; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Myeloma; Muramidase; Sarcoidosis; Seasons

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Blood Platelets; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Electrophoresis, Disc; Fluorides; Gaucher Disease; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Lymphatic Diseases; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Molecular Weight; Monocytes; Nitrophenols; Polycythemia Vera; Staining and Labeling; Tartrates

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Cytoplasmic Granules; Esterases; Glucosyltransferases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Periodic Acid; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Blood Platelets; Fibrinogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunochemistry; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Lysosomes; Microscopy, Electron; Muramidase; Uranium

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Diagnosis, Differential; Esterases; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Plasmacytoma

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Chronic Disease; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Spectrophotometry; Vibration

Topics: Acetates; Acid Phosphatase; Amidohydrolases; Culture Techniques; Diagnosis, Differential; Esterases; Humans; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Macrophages; Monocytes; Naphthalenes; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Marrow Examination; Diagnosis, Differential; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunoelectrophoresis; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Methotrexate; Periodic Acid; Peroxidases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Antigens; Cytoplasmic Granules; Esterases; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hydrolases; Iron; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Macrophages; Monocytes; Muramidase; Rabbits; Skin Window Technique; Sodium

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Marrow Examination; Cerebrosides; Female; Gaucher Disease; Glycoside Hydrolases; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Lipids; Liver; Lymph Nodes; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Spleen

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aminosalicylic Acids; Bone Marrow Examination; Erythrocyte Count; Esterases; Female; Histocytochemistry; Homozygote; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocyte Count; Male; Middle Aged; Naphthalenes; Pelger-Huet Anomaly; Peroxidases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase; Chronic Disease; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Malate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Amidohydrolases; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Middle Aged; Monocytes; Naphthaleneacetic Acids; Peroxidases; Phospholipids

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Child; Cytoplasmic Granules; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Lysosomes; Microscopy, Electron; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Bone Marrow Examination; Child; Cytoplasmic Granules; Diagnosis, Differential; DNA; Female; Glycosaminoglycans; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Inclusion Bodies, Viral; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Microscopy, Electron; RNA

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Mice; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neoplasms, Experimental

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Anemia, Aplastic; Blood Platelets; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Megakaryocytes; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic; Spherocytosis, Hereditary; Thalassemia

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Hemorrhagic Disorders; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Leukopenia; Male; Middle Aged; Splenic Rupture

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Blood; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Blood Platelet Disorders; Blood Platelets; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Liver Cirrhosis; Plasma; Platelet Count; Potassium; Primary Myelofibrosis; Thrombocythemia, Essential

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Marrow; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid; Monocytes; Research; Tissue Culture Techniques

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Anemia; Anemia, Aplastic; Azo Compounds; Blood Cells; Bone Marrow Cells; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Multiple Myeloma; Mycosis Fungoides; Neoplasms; Polycythemia Vera; Sarcoma

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Lymphocytes; Monocytes; Research

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Diseases; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases