acid-phosphatase and Leukemia--Myeloid--Acute

Special stains are used in the evaluation of bone marrow specimens to augment Wright-Giemsa preparations. This article details the common cytochemical stains available, and discusses their clinical use as indicators of hematopoietic lineage. Iron and reticulin stains, which are widely used in the general evaluation of the bone marrow, are also reviewed.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Coloring Agents; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Peroxidase; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Marrow Cells; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Daunorubicin; Female; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Glucuronidase; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Monocytes; Muramidase; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; Peroxidases; Pregnancy; Prognosis; Remission, Spontaneous

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Age Factors; Diagnosis, Differential; Esterases; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Methods

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Cytoplasmic Granules; Diagnosis, Differential; Eosinophils; Erythrocytes; Esterases; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Iron; Leukemia; Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Monocytes; Multiple Myeloma; Naphthaleneacetic Acids; Neutrophils; Peroxidases; Plasma Cells; Skin Window Technique; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Blast Crisis; Flow Cytometry; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Prognosis; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

We report our observations with the cell line LW/SO, which was recently derived from the bone marrow of a patient with acute myeloid leukemia. Based on the morphological and histochemical examination, the leukemic cells were classified primarily as FAB type M4. However, 2 years later, in relapse, the cells changed their morphology and were hence specified as FAB type M2 (slightly positive for acid phosphatase and Sudan black). The cells established have now been in culture for approximately 11 months and display nearly 100% CD4/5/7/15/25/71/120a,b at varying densities. Some of them spontaneously and reversibly become either CD34 + /38- or CD34 - /38+, yet the majority of the cells remain negative for both. All attempts to separate the cells with a distinct phenotype by limiting dilution or sorting through a flow cytometer failed repeatedly. The subsets, enriched up to 98% (regardless of their primary immunophenotype CD34 - / 38-, CD34 + /38-, or CD34 - /38+), soon displayed a phenotypical constellation similar to that before sorting. The ratio of CD34- to CD34+ seems to be influenced by the cell density: The greater the cell-to-cell contact, the lower the percentage of CD34-expressing cells. Some of the cells apparently differentiate into T-cell phenotype and acquire CD3 and T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha/beta molecules. While the quantity of CD34-expressing cells significantly increased in the presence of dexamethasone (10(-7) M), and some of them additionally acquired CD33 antigen, the percentage of CD3-positive cells was enhanced by adding 1% DMSO in medium. In contrast, cytokines such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, G-CSF, GM-CSF, or SCF (c-kit ligand) altered neither the proliferation capacity nor the phenotypical constellation of LW/SO cells (each tested alone). Although normal karyotype was obtained from the bone marrow cells, the LW/SO cells revealed a homogeneous chromosomal composition of 45, X, -X, der(9) inv(9) (p12q13) del(9) (p22?). These data suggested that LW/SO cells might be the leukemic counterpart of putative pre-CD34-positive progenitors. In order to substantiate this assumption, we analyzed the expression of other so-called T-cell markers on CD34+ cells from peripheral blood stem cell aphereses of five patients who later underwent high-dose chemotherapy and subsequent stem cell retransfusion. These data clearly revealed that a considerable amount of CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors co-express CD2/4/(5)/(7)/25 at an early stage of differ

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; ADP-ribosyl Cyclase; ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1; Antigens, CD; Antigens, CD34; Antigens, Differentiation; Bone Marrow; Cell Communication; Cell Differentiation; Female; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Humans; Immunophenotyping; Karyotyping; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Membrane Glycoproteins; Middle Aged; N-Glycosyl Hydrolases; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; Phenotype; T-Lymphocytes; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Human permanent leukemia cell lines represent powerful research tools in a multitude of investigations. The two new continuous leukemia cell lines MUTZ-2 and MUTZ-3 were derived from the peripheral blood of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) FAB M2 and AML FAB M4. MUTZ-2 and MUTZ-3 cells have morphological and immunophenotypical features of myeloid and monocytic cells, respectively. While MUTZ-2 is negative, MUTZ-3 cells express the monocytic surface marker CD14, albeit weakly. The monocytic nature of MUTZ-3 cells is underlined by the expression of the monocyte-specific esterase (MSE), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and tartrateresistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) enzymes; MUTZ-2 is negative for MSE and TRAP, but expresses MPO. For sustained cell growth, both cell lines require constitutively the addition of cytokines to the culture medium and retain an absolute dependence on conditioned medium or recombinant growth factors for proliferation and survival. Incubation with single recombinant cytokines from a broad spectrum of growth factors established that the strongest proliferation response of MUTZ-2 cells was elicited by FLT-3 ligand, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), macrophage CSF (M-CSF), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and stem cell factor (SCF), whereas granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF), M-CSF, interleukin-3 (IL-3) and SCF were the most effective growth factors in inducing proliferation of MUTZ-3. Both cell lines were proliferatively responsive to several further cytokines, however, to a lesser extent. Exposure to phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or the physiological all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) had growth-inhibitory and differentiation-inducing effects on both cell lines. Using a clonogenic cell recovery assay, both cell lines were found to be sensitive to the chemotherapeutic drugs cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) and daunorubicin (DNR), MUTZ-2 cells being more sensitive to both Ara-C and DNR treatment than MUTZ-3 cells. Chromosomal trisomies 8 and 10 were found in MUTZ-2 cells without any additional structural abnormalities. MUTZ-3 carries the rare, but recurrent AML-associated translocation (12;22)(p13;q11-q12) reflecting the karyotype of the original tumor. The main characteristics of these cell lines remained the same during about 1 year of continuous culture as well as after freezing and thawing. In summary, we established and characterized two new leukemia cell lines with myeloid or monocytic features which ar

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Antineoplastic Agents; Base Sequence; Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; Chromosome Aberrations; Cytokines; Esterases; Hematopoietic Cell Growth Factors; Humans; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Middle Aged; Molecular Sequence Data; Peroxidase; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Tretinoin; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Between 1983-1988 bone marrow samples obtained from 195 peroxidase-negative leukemia patients were analyzed for their surface antigens. Thirteen of these patients (6.7%) had myelomonocytic-positive and lymphoid-negative antigens. These leukemic cells reacted with CD13 in eight patients, CD33 in seven, CD11 in six and CDw41 in two. In none of these patients did the leukemic cells react with CD1, CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, CD10, CD19 or CD20. Leukemic cells from two patients were reactive with CD7. These leukemic cells demonstrated L2 morphology in 11 patients and L1 morphology in one patient. The leukemic cells from the final patient were diagnosed as those of leukemic transformation of myelodysplastic syndrome. Chromosomal abnormality was observed in approximately half of the patients examined (6/10). Cytochemical analysis revealed that the leukemic cells were negative for periodic acid Schiff stain but positive for acid phosphatase. The prognosis of these patients was markedly poor as compared to acute lymphocytic leukemia or typical peroxidase-positive nonlymphocytic leukemia. Complete remission was induced in only 30% of patients and duration of survival was short (4.7 months). This suggests that myelomonocytic antigen-positive peroxidase-negative acute leukemia is a distinct type of leukemia and may require more aggressive therapy to improve survival.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Neoplasm; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Biomarkers, Tumor; Bone Marrow Examination; Carboxylesterase; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Child; Chromosome Aberrations; Female; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Humans; Immunophenotyping; Infant; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Proteins; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; Peroxidase; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Prognosis

Cytochemical analysis of leukemic blasts from 46 patients with acute myeloblastic M2 leukemia (according to the FAB classification) was performed before and after cytostatic therapy, and compared with findings obtained in 20 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Cytochemical findings for myeloperoxidase (MPO), Sudan black B, acid phosphatase and alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase (ANAE) were related to the achievement of the first complete remission (CR), i.e. data were compared after the patients had been divided into CR and non-CR groups. The analysis clearly showed that a high proportion of myeloperoxidase- and, to a lesser extent, Sudan black B-positive blasts before treatment may have constituted a significantly unfavourable prognostic factor.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azo Compounds; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Lymphocyte Activation; Middle Aged; Naphthalenes; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Peroxidase; Prognosis; Remission Induction

Recombinant TNF was capable of inducing differentiation of human leukemic ML-1 cells in the monocytic pathway. Recombinant interleukin 6 did not have the activity but it could significantly increase the activity of recombinant TNF. Both of these molecules were found to play a similar role in PWM-induced conditioned medium from human lymphocytes (LCM). The differentiation inducing effect of LCM could be partially neutralized by antibody to interleukin 6. Fractionation of LCM also identified interleukin 6 as the factor that synergizes with TNF.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Drug Synergism; Growth Inhibitors; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Interleukin-6; Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lymphokines; Recombinant Proteins; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Azure Stains; Cytoplasmic Granules; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Middle Aged; Pancreatic Elastase; Peroxidase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Middle Aged; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; Peroxidase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Bone Marrow Cells; Humans; Inclusion Bodies; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Staining and Labeling

Eosinophils derived from HL-60 cells share many of the abnormalities of granule histochemistry and morphology frequently seen in eosinophils of patients with certain malignancies, especially those seen in acute myelomonocytic leukemia with abnormal eosinophils (FAB class M4eo). In order to understand the pathogenesis of these abnormalities, four enzymes, characteristic of the eosinophil, were studied in HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells at various stages of eosinophilic differentiation. Using biochemical and ultrahistochemical techniques, the following differences from normal eosinophil development were demonstrated. First, both myeloperoxidase and eosinophil peroxidase coexisted in the population of maturing HL-60 eosinophils. Second, the granules formed from the condensation of material in vacuoles which were derived from dilated segments of the endoplasmic reticulum; the role of the Golgi apparatus in processing of peroxidase appeared minimal. Third, low levels of lysophospholipase and arylsulfatase were present in the cells compared to normal eosinophils. Finally, crystallizations resembling precursor structures of Auer rods appeared in the granules of about 5% of the cells. These findings suggest that several disorders of the control of protein synthesis and processing exist in HL-60 eosinophils which may be responsible for the abnormal granule morphology and histochemistry.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Arylsulfatases; Cell Line; Enzymes; Eosinophils; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lysophospholipase; Microscopy, Electron; Peroxidase; Peroxidases

We investigated the influence of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide (ABA) on induction of phenotypic markers of granulocyte differentiation by retinoic acid and markers of macrophage differentiation by TPA in HL-60 cells. The differentiation of HL-60 cells towards the granulocyte lineage was assessed by hexose monophosphate shunt activity, proportion of cells capable of reducing NBT dye, and the appearance of recognizable neutrophils and bands. The effect of ABA and retinoic acid on NBT dye reduction and appearance of mature neutrophils and bands was synergistic, whereas the effects of these agents on hexose monophosphate shunt activity were additive. The differentiation inducing capacity of ABA in the presence of retinoic acid was dose-related. The influence of ABA on TPA-induced markers of macrophage differentiation was assessed by determining the proportion of adherent cells produced after treatment and by measuring acid phosphatase activity in the adherent cell fraction. In the presence of ABA, the number of cells adhering to plastic declined after day 2 of exposure to TPA, and acid phosphatase activity in adherent cells was inhibited fourfold (p = 0.01). The influence of ABA on the phenotypic markers of granulocyte and macrophage differentiation was detectable at concentrations that were not cytotoxic. The influence of ABA on HL-60 differentiation is similar to that previously reported for human bone marrow CFU-GM. Our data suggest that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase plays a role in differentiation of HL-60 cells and that HL-60 might provide a useful model for evaluating control mechanisms involved in the differentiation of CFU-GM.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Benzamides; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Granulocytes; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Humans; Isoniazid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Macrophages; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Tretinoin

The acid phosphatase (acP) isoenzymes from the blast cells of 102 cases of acute myeloid leukaemia were separated by isoelectric focusing on horizontal polyacrylamide gels. The cases were classified on the basis of the FAB cooperative group criteria. Several single bands were combined into groups (I-IV). An increase in the number of acP isoenzymes was noted which paralleled the assumed maturation along the granulocytic cell lineage from FAB M1 to FAB M3 and along the monocytic cell lineage from FAB M4 to FAB M5. One isoenzyme which was resistant to tartrate inhibition was found in 40% of the monocytic variants FAB M4 and M5, but not in the nonmonocytic cases FAB M1-M3 and M6. This particular isoenzyme, which has been described as being characteristic for hairy cell leukaemia, also appears to be a marker of the monocyte/macrophage system and the respective neoplastic counterparts. The FAB M4 and M5 patients expressed a characteristic profile of group I isoenzymes which allows for the discrimination between monocytic and nonmonocytic cells.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Marrow; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Tartrates

The effects of long-chain (sphingoid) bases on the phorbol ester-dependent differentiation of HL-60 cells were investigated since these molecules are potent inhibitors of protein kinase C (Hannun, Y. A., Loomis, C. R., Merrill, A. H., Jr., and Bell, R. M. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 12604-12609). After 24 h, low concentrations of sphinganine (1-5 microM blocked both cell adherence and the inhibition of growth in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, as measured by cell number and acid phosphatase activity. Sphinganine and sphingosine decreased adherence by 50% at 1-3 microM; other long-chain bases were effective in parallel to their inhibition of protein kinase C. Sphinganine decreased the binding of [3H]phorbol dibutyrate by the phorbol receptor of HL-60 cells, protein kinase C, and inhibited the response of HL-60 cells to dioctanoylglycerol, a cell permeable activator of this enzyme. Long-chain base uptake by HL-60 cells was demonstrated with [3-3H]sphinganine and within 1-3 days much had been converted to ceramides. By day 3, most of the cells had recovered the ability to adhere and exhibited macrophage characteristics, whereas cells in suspension did not differentiate. The level of free sphinganine in HL-60 cells was determined to be 12.3 +/- 1.2 pmol/10(6) cells. These results establish that sphingoid bases inhibit protein kinase C in HL-60 cells and may function physiologically as negative effectors of this enzyme.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Binding, Competitive; Cell Adhesion; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Humans; Kinetics; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate; Phorbol Esters; Protein Kinase C; Sphingosine; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate

A discrete subpopulation of lymphocytes sharing several phenotypic characteristics with natural killer (NK) cells was identified within the circulating pool of human lymphocytes that bear the T helper marker Leu-3. This Leu-3+ subpopulation of cells formed cell conjugates with the NK target cell lines K562 and MOLT-4, but did not bind to mouse myeloma and hybridoma cell lines that are insensitive to NK cells. The Leu-3+ lymphocytes binding to NK cell targets contained cytoplasmic granules similar in ultrastructure and cytochemistry to those previously defined in granular lymphocytes with NK function, except that the granules in Leu-3+ cells were smaller and fewer in number. Unlike classical NK cells, however, the granular Leu-3+ cells did not kill the target cells to which they bound, even after treatment with interferon. The proportion of granular Leu-3+ cells with the capacity to bind to NK cell targets was approximately 7% at birth and increased to approximately 21% of the Leu-3+ cells in adults. These observations suggest the possibility of a lineal relationship between the granular Leu-3+ cells and granular Leu-3- cells with NK capability.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens, Surface; Cell Line; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; Fluoresceins; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Fluorescent Dyes; Genetic Markers; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Killer Cells, Natural; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lymphocytes; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Phenotype; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer; Thiocyanates

This report describes the qualitative acid phosphatase (acP) isoenzyme profiles detected in permanent human hematopoietic cell lines. The acP activity was separated into its isoenzymes by isoelectric focusing on horizontal thin-layer polyacrylamide gels. The pattern of acP isoenzyme was investigated in a total of 86 cell lines. These cell lines were classified into five groups on the basis of their phenotypes characterized in the multiple marker analysis: 74 leukemia-lymphoma cell lines (26 T-, 34 B-, 6 myelomonocytic, 8 Non-T, Non-B cell lines) and 12 so-called 'normal' Epstein-Barr virus transformed B-lymphoblastoid cell lines. Their immunological features had been analysed in detail by use of a large panel of poly- and monoclonal antibodies which led to a further subclassification into stages of differentiation. A progressive increase in number and staining intensity of the isoenzymes which paralleled the expression of surface markers at different stages of differentiation along their developmental pathway was seen in the T- and B-leukemia-lymphoma cell lines. Some cell lines whose isoenzyme profiles did not correspond to the stage of differentiation as evidenced by surface antigen analysis might represent good examples of deranged gene expression in otherwise normally programmed malignant cells, i.e. in our study a mismatch between the isoenzymatic and immunological phenotypes. The tartrate-resistant isoenzyme was detected in 9 out of 74 leukemia-lymphoma cell lines (4 T-, 2 B-, 1 myelomonocytic, 2 Non-T, Non-B cell lines) and in 10 out of 12 normal B-lymphoblastoid cell lines; the only one studied hairy cell leukemia cell line did not express this isoenzyme. The relative specificity of the tartrate-resistant acP is discussed in detail. No leukemia-lymphoma specific isoenzyme or an additional isoenzyme which was not seen in normal hematopoietic cells could be observed. Nor did we find an isoenzyme or isoenzyme pattern characteristic for a certain cell lineage. This underlines the necessity of a combined analysis using markers from different disciplines in the 'multiple marker analysis' in order to accurately characterize normal and malignant blood cells. Furthermore, our results support the concept of maturation arrest at particular stages of differentiation together with the theory of normal gene expression in leukemic cells equivalent to that in their normal counterparts.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antigens, Surface; B-Lymphocytes; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lymphoma; Phenotype; T-Lymphocytes; Tartrates

Blood neutrophils were studied by quantitative cytochemistry in patients with acute myeloid leukemia at diagnosis (17 patients), during remission (17 patients) and in relapse (seven patients). Scanning and integrating microdensitometry was used to quantify components of azurophilic granules (myeloperoxidase, chloroacetate esterase, beta-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase, acid mucosubstance) and also specific granules (lactoferrin). At diagnosis, neutrophil myeloperoxidase, chloroacetate esterase, and lactoferrin were significantly decreased, compared with normal neutrophils from 25 controls, with 13 of the 17 patients showing a partial or complete deficiency of at least one granule constituent. Five of seven patients, followed serially from remission into relapse, showed a fall in activity of azurophilic or specific granule components before overt blast cell infiltration of the marrow had occurred and this may predict relapse.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Cytoplasmic Granules; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lactoferrin; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Neutrophils; Peroxidase; Time Factors

39 patients suffering from different subtypes of monocytic (M 5) and myelomonocytic (M 4) leukemia were analyzed retrospectively. In 8 cases a 'transitional myelomonocytic variant' was diagnosed; the leukemic cell in these patients is marked by morphological and cytochemical signs of monocytic and granulocytic precursors. As the correct diagnosis of this special subtype may be difficult, its place within the French-American-British (FAB) classification will be discussed.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Middle Aged; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; Sodium Fluoride

Differential diagnostic importance of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase reactions was studied in bone marrow smears of 52 patients with acute leukaemias. Both reactions showed either diffuse or simultaneously diffuse and granular positivity in the medullary blast cells of 34 patients suffering from ANLL. A strong diffuse positivity of acid phosphatase suggested the possibility of AMOL. Beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase reactions were exclusively granular in every positive case of ALL. Increased acid phosphatase activity was found in T-ALL while beta-glucuronidase showed increased activity also in (non-T, non-B)-ALL on several occasions.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Diagnosis, Differential; Glucuronidase; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Middle Aged; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Cathepsins; Child; Child, Preschool; Deoxyribonucleases; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lysosomes; Prognosis; Ribonucleases

Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia or acute "malignant" myelosclerosis is an acute and rapidly progressive myeloproliferative syndrome characterized by minimal or absent splenomegaly, pancytopenia, diffuse marrow fibrosis, and circulating blasts of megakaryocytic origin. The disease must be differentiated from other hematologic malignancies especially myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. The radiographic changes of osteosclerosis in our patient have not been previously reported in the literature.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Hemoglobinometry; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Middle Aged; Osteosclerosis; Primary Myelofibrosis; Radiography

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Cell Differentiation; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase; Esterases; Granulocytes; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Monocytes; Muramidase; Peroxidase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Fibrinolysis; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Muramidase; Tretinoin

The occurrence of natural substances with antigenic properties similar to those of the prostatic acid phosphatase was examined in one patient with neutrophilic leukemia and increased activity of serum acid phosphatase. The fraction responsible for the increased serum enzyme activity was tartrate sensitive and was identified as isoenzyme 2 by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This isoenzyme originated from the leukocytes but had similar electromobility to that of the prostatic acid phosphatase isoenzyme 2. Immunohistochemical and counterimmunoelectrophoretic studies indicated that this leukocytic isoenzyme was present in the neutrophils and shared antigenic properties with the prostatic isoenzyme 2. Leukocytes from one patient with acute granulocytic leukemia, two patients with polycythemia vera with neutrophilia, and five normal subjects also contained this prostatic acid phosphatase like isoenzyme. Elevated serum "prostatic" acid phosphatase activity, therefore, may be found not only in prostatic cancer but also in granulocytic leukemia and perhaps other diseases.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Agranulocytosis; Counterimmunoelectrophoresis; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Polycythemia Vera; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Bone Marrow; Glucuronidase; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute

An ultrastructural study of blast cells showing either monocytic or granulocytic differentiation was carried out with the acid phosphatase (AP) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) reactions. Eight cases of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and three of chronic granulocytic leukaemia in blast crisis were studied. A hitherto unrecognized small lysosomal granule characterized by AP activity and lack of MPO was present in the majority of cells of all six monoblastic leukaemias. These granules ranged from 0.05 to 0.2 micron in size and were distributed throughout the cytoplasm, frequently at the periphery of the cells. A small proportion of monoblasts showed AP reactivity in the Golgi cisternae. Both AP and MPO were positive in the granules of promonocytes; however, MPO positive granules were predominant in late promonocytes. Larger granules (0.2--0.6 micron) with MPO reactivity were characteristic of myeloblasts. In only two out of four cases did these granules show AP positivity, suggesting that, in contrast to monoblasts, AP activity is a late feature of myeloblastic differentiation. This study shows that ultrastructural cytochemistry may be helpful in the recognition and classification of acute leukaemias by demonstrating the early differentiation features of monocytic and granulocytic precursors.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Cytoplasmic Granules; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Microscopy, Electron; Peroxidase

The influence of cytostatic drugs (L-asparaginase, vincristine, 6-mercaptopurine, amethopterine, prednisone) on the activity of alkaline and acid phosphatase, alpha-naphtol-acetate esterase, the content of glycogen and lipids in leukocytes of peripheral blood in patients with acute leukemia was investigated. Under the influence of anti-leukemic drugs some cytochemical reactions typically changed in different forms of acute leukemia showed tendency to normalization being sometimes more distinctive than leukocytosis or even than white blood picture. In patients who did not show any improvement during the treatment the disturbances of cytochemical reactions intensified or, sometimes, remaining unchanged. The repetition of examination of cytochemical reactions changing distinctively in the chemotherapy may simplify the treatment control by better estimation of its efficiency and give some prognostic hints.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Antineoplastic Agents; Female; Glycogen; Granulocytes; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lipids; Lymphocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Naphthol AS D Esterase

We report a case of a T-zone malignant lymphoma of a cervical lymph node developing in a 25-year-old man. Only 14% of the marrow was originally involved, but within two months massive, leukemic dissemination ensued. The blast cells were unable to bind sheep erythrocytes (E) but expressed human thymus leukemia antigen (HTLA) and common ALL-stem-cell (cALL) antigen and had high terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) and acid phosphatase activity. These findings suggest a malignant lymphoproliferative disorder of pre-T-cell type. Complete remission was achieved with intensive chemotherapy. Two months later, acute myelomonocytic leukemia was diagnosed; at this time, over 90% of the blast cells were peroxidase, sudan black, and chloracetate-esterase positive. Consistent with loss of high TdT activity and HTLA and cALL antigens, 86% of the blasts now expressed Ia-like antigens. Cytogenetic studies demonstrated hyperdiploidy. Reports of granulocytic leukemia in lymphoma are reviewed in the context of the above findings and the hypothesis that a leukemogenic factor affects a multipotential stem cell.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Antigens, Neoplasm; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lymphoma; Male; Rosette Formation

The normal isoenzymatic pattern of leucocytic acid-phosphatase based on the study of 150 haematologically normal individuals is reported. The different pathologic patterns of the leucocytic acid-phosphatase isoenzymes occurring in non-lymphoblastic acute leukaemias are presented and correlated with the subdivisions of acute leukaemias established by the French-American-British (FAB) Co-operative Group. This study is considered to be especially useful in identifying pure acute monocytic leukaemias corresponding to subtype M5 of the FAB as well as acute erythraemias with unusual cytological and cytochemical features.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Electrophoresis, Cellulose Acetate; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytes

2 cases of acute myeloid leukaemia with inclusion bodies are presented. The inclusions were found mainly in the blast cells but could also be encountered in lymphocytes and plasma cells. Cytochemical and ultrastructural studies showed a great resemblance of these inclusions to the ones found in Chediak-Higashi anomaly, i.e., high acid phosphatase activity, varying in size of inclusions from clusters of small granules to hugh inclusion, sometimes found in vacuoles, featuring fusion of lysosomes.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Chediak-Higashi Syndrome; Female; Humans; Inclusion Bodies; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lymphocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Plasma Cells

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lipids; Lymphocytes; Prognosis

Using the high resolution technique of isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel, isoenzymatic components of acid phosphatase were detected in cell-free extracts prepared from different cytologic types of leukemic blasts in adults. Results indicate that for different cytologic types, different characteristic patterns of acid phosphatase isoenzyme could be detected. These studies extend conventional cytochemistry and indicate that characteristic patterns of acid phosphatase isoenzyme can be detected for various cytologic types of acute leukemia.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Cell-Free System; Granulocytes; Humans; Isoelectric Focusing; Isoenzymes; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Lymphocytes; Monocytes; Veins

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Chromatography, Gel; Humans; Isoelectric Point; Isoenzymes; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lymphoma; Solubility; Thymus Gland

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Cytoplasm; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; T-Lymphocytes

The significance of histo- and cytochemical enzyme investigations in the diagnosis of malignant Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) is evaluated. Histochemical enzyme methods complete the morphological diagnosis if some general principles of diagnostic histochemistry are observed. This is particularly true for the diagnosis of the hairy cell leukemia, the T-lymphoblastoma and the histiocytic reticulosarcoma.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Diagnosis, Differential; Esterases; Glucuronidase; Histiocytes; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Cell Line; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosome Disorders; Humans; Karyotyping; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Time Factors

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Ceruloplasmin; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Diagnosis, Differential; Enzyme Activation; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Middle Aged

Topics: Acetates; Acid Phosphatase; Esterases; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Peroxidases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Muramidase; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Peroxidases

Unusual giant inclusions are reported in the blast cells during the blastic crisis of a chronic granulocytic leukemia. These inclusions coudl have their origin in degenerated mitochondria, and acid phosphatase positivity suggests fusion with lysosomes. A possible viral etiology is discussed.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Cytoplasm; Cytoplasmic Granules; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Peroxidases

Acute leukemia in 93 children was cytochemically classified into three groups: 1. the PAS-Typ (acute undifferenciated leukemia) paramyeloblastic leukemia, 2. the AML, and 3. the Acid Phosphatase Typ (SP-Typ). Therapy for the first group differed from that for AML. The acid-Phosphatase-Typ was found in only a few cases, where the acid Phosphatase is good to see in the paranuclear region of the cell. These cases have a bad prognosis. It is proposed to publish even single cases of the acid Phosphatasetype leukemia in order to find the optimal therapy.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Child; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Prognosis

Topics: Abdominal Neoplasms; Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Aminosalicylic Acid; B-Lymphocytes; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Mediastinal Neoplasms; Osteomyelitis; Paralysis; Rheumatic Diseases; Sepsis; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Peroxidase; Phospholipids

A report is presented on the changes of cytochemical reactions of neutrophilic granulocytes in children during acute leukaemia. Various hydrolases revealed a significant increase of activity during the acute stage of disease. The enzyme activity begins to decrease in remission, but regains its normal value only in the activity of alkaline granulocytic phosphatase. The glycogen content of granulocytes is reduced at the beginning of the disease and during the recidive as well as in the granulocytes of children affected with chronic myeloid leukaemia. The enhanced enzyme activity of granulocytes refers to the fact that the defence function of cells in acute leukaemias is not completely cancelled. Only a decreased glycogen content of cells refers to a disturbance in the metabolism of granulocytes.

Topics: Acetates; Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Child; Glycogen; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Neutrophils; Phenols

Five human leukocyte long-term suspension cultures were investigated by means of cytochemical and cytogenetic methods. A striking resemblance in the morphology of these cells originating either from peripheral blood or from spleen of patients with or without hematological disorders was found. Lymphocytic origin of all five cultures is suspected. In the three cultures a diploid karyotype was found with some aberrations. In one culture, derived from the spleen of a patient with panmyelopathy the mosaic 45 XX C -/46 XX was detected. Anomalies of C group chromosomes were the most consistent type of chromosome aberrations in two lines. Both were EBV positive.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Anemia, Hemolytic; Autoradiography; Cell Line; Chromosome Aberrations; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Middle Aged; Peroxidases; RNA; Spleen; Thymidine; Time Factors; Tritium

Over 20 cytoenzymochemical tests were carried out in 152 patients with different types of acute leukemia to estimate the effects of some antiblastic drugs such as L-asparaginase, Purinethol, Methotrexate, Endoxan, Vinchristine, Cytosine Arabinoside a.o. The patients selected for the study were carefully examined before treatment at different moments during and/or at the end of the treatment. The effects of these drugs on the blast cells were mild when the cellular populations had a low rate of nucleic acid synthesis, high glycogenic score and high amounts of lipids or an important oxidative enzymatic activity. The enzymatic prediction tests: the acid phosphate deviation test and the succinic dehydrogenase inhibition test including the variant suggested by some of the authors - the latic dehydrogenase inhibition test - gave satisfactory results only in certain cases of acute leukemia.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antineoplastic Agents; DNA; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Prognosis; RNA; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Child, Preschool; Glycogen; Humans; Infant; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lipids; Lymphatic Diseases; Peroxidases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Blood Cells; Cytoplasmic Granules; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Female; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Inclusion Bodies; Indicators and Reagents; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lysosomes; Microscopy, Electron; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Esterases; Exudates and Transudates; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Monocytes; Muramidase; Skin Window Technique

Topics: Acetylesterase; Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Eosinophils; Esterases; Glucuronidase; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lymph Nodes; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Naphthols; Periodic Acid; Peroxidases

Topics: Acetates; Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Aminosalicylic Acids; Cell Differentiation; Chlorine; Chronic Disease; Cytodiagnosis; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Methods; Naphthols

In human leukemic myeloblasts, the granule enzymes beta-glucuronidase, myeloperoxidase and acid phosphatase were associated with light particles of varying densities that were separable from each other by means of zonal density gradient centrifugation. In more mature granulocytic cells of chronic myelogenous leukemia the three enzymes merged within a single group of denser particles; such particles were absent in myeloblasts. Myeloblast particles had two to three times higher activity of beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase, but only one-tenth of the myeloperoxidase activity. Some of the cationic proteins and lysozyme were not found in leukemic myeloblasts but were present in particles of chronic myelogenous leukemia; alkaline phosphatase was absent from both types of leukemic cells.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Cytoplasmic Granules; Electrophoresis, Paper; Glucuronidase; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Muramidase; Peroxidases; Subcellular Fractions

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Bone Marrow Cells; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Child; Cytoplasmic Granules; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Microscopy, Electron; Monocytes; Neutrophils; Peroxidases; RNA, Neoplasm

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anemia, Pernicious; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Diagnosis, Differential; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Iron; Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Marrow Cells; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lymphatic Diseases; Macrophages; Monocytes; Mononuclear Phagocyte System; Phospholipids; Pigments, Biological

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Lymphocytes; Microscopy, Electron; Mitochondria; Monocytes; Peroxidases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Cell Fractionation; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Monocytes; Muramidase; Neutrophils; Phagocytosis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Child, Preschool; Daunorubicin; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Peroxidases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Bone Marrow Examination; Esterases; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytes; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Muramidase; Skin Window Technique

A cytochemical study of the lysosomal enzyme beta-glucuronidase in 60 cases of acute leukaemia has shown a qualitative difference in the cytoplasmic distribution of the enzyme between blast cells of the lymphoid and myeloid cell series. This difference provides a useful additional method for cytochemical classification of cell type and is superior in this respect to the other lysosomal enzymes studied (aryl sulphatase and acid phosphatase). The beta-glucuronidase reaction is recommended in those cases of acute leukaemia in which the periodic acid-Schiff reaction is negative or equivocal.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Cells; Child; Child, Preschool; Cytoplasm; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lysosomes; Middle Aged; Staining and Labeling; Sulfatases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Amidohydrolases; Binding Sites; Culture Techniques; Diagnosis, Differential; Esterases; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Monocytes; Muramidase; Oxidoreductases; Peroxidases; Skin Window Technique

Topics: Acetylesterase; Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Diagnosis, Differential; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Neutrophils

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cells, Cultured; Child; Chromosome Aberrations; Cytogenetics; Erythrocytes; Esterases; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Karyotyping; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Mitosis; Peroxidases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Blood Platelets; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Electrophoresis, Disc; Fluorides; Gaucher Disease; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Lymphatic Diseases; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Molecular Weight; Monocytes; Nitrophenols; Polycythemia Vera; Staining and Labeling; Tartrates

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Periodic Acid; Peroxidases; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Cytoplasmic Granules; Esterases; Glucosyltransferases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Periodic Acid; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Acetates; Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Anhydrides; Anilides; Bone Marrow Cells; Cytoplasmic Granules; Eosinophils; Esterases; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Periodic Acid; Peroxidases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Amidohydrolases; Bone Marrow Examination; Densitometry; DNA; Erythrocyte Count; Esterases; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocyte Count; Lipids; Liver; Lung; Naphthalenes; Neutrophils; Peroxidases; Spleen

Topics: Acetates; Acid Phosphatase; Amidohydrolases; Culture Techniques; Diagnosis, Differential; Esterases; Humans; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Macrophages; Monocytes; Naphthalenes; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Diagnosis, Differential; Erythrocytes; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Polycythemia Vera; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Antigens; Cytoplasmic Granules; Esterases; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hydrolases; Iron; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Macrophages; Monocytes; Muramidase; Rabbits; Skin Window Technique; Sodium

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adolescent; Alkaline Phosphatase; Esterases; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lymphocytes; Male; Peroxidases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Blood Platelets; Blood Transfusion; Bone Marrow Examination; Cytoplasmic Granules; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hysterectomy; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Microscopy, Electron; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Microscopy, Electron; Peroxidases; Phagocytosis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute