acid-phosphatase and Leukemia--Lymphoid

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens, Neoplasm; B-Lymphocytes; Cell Cycle; Cell Differentiation; Child; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Prognosis; Receptors, Cell Surface; T-Lymphocytes

Numerous isoenzymes are used as markers in the course of malignant haemopathies. These are notably the isoenzymes of lactic dehydrogenase, hexosaminidase, esterases, acid phosphatases, and thymidine kinase. Their study already permits a finer and more rigorous classification of leukaemias and makes it possible to entertain serious hopes in at least three spheres: a better choice of treatment, surveillance of therapeutic efficacy and of remissions, and the development of new modes of therapeutic action by means of selective inhibitors.

Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Deaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; alpha-Galactosidase; alpha-Mannosidase; Aminopeptidases; B-Lymphocytes; Burkitt Lymphoma; Cell Differentiation; Cyclic AMP; Esterases; Hexokinase; Hexosaminidases; Humans; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Lysosomes; Mannosidases; Phosphofructokinase-1; Protein Kinases; Purine-Nucleoside Phosphorylase; Pyruvate Kinase; Ribose-Phosphate Pyrophosphokinase; T-Lymphocytes; Thymidine Kinase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Anemia, Aplastic; Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase; Female; Hematologic Diseases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Infectious Mononucleosis; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma; Male; Middle Aged; Phenotype; Skin Neoplasms; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase; DNA Nucleotidyltransferases; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lymphocytes

Findings with six cytochemical reactions demonstrable in normal and leukaemic lymphocytes were reviewed. The two methods which are presently of greater diagnostic value are the acid phosphatase (AP) and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) reactions. AP has a definitive role in the diagnosis of acute and chronic T-cell leukaemias, where a strong positive reaction helps to distinguish them from most B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. New findings concerning the ultrastructural localization of this enzyme are presented. ANAE is of value in distinguishing T-lymphocytes (positive localized reaction) from B lymphocytes (negative reaction) and the T micron from the T gamma subpopulation of T-lymphocytes, a positive reaction demonstrable only in the T micron cells. Other reactions reviewed were PAS, beta-glucoronidase, hexosaminidase and alkaline phosphatase.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Glucuronidase; Hexosaminidases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; T-Lymphocytes

The prognostic significance of the immunological classification of ALL in children is described. While the prognosis of patients with the most frequent O- or common-ALL (frequency 70-85%) is comparatively good, prognosis of patients with T-ALL, which is most probably identical with acid phosphatase positive ALL,and with the rare B-ALL is worse. The therapeutic implications of the immunological classification is discussed.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Age Factors; B-Lymphocytes; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Male; Mediastinal Neoplasms; Prognosis; Sex Factors; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Age Factors; Diagnosis, Differential; Esterases; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Methods

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Cytoplasmic Granules; Diagnosis, Differential; Eosinophils; Erythrocytes; Esterases; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Iron; Leukemia; Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Monocytes; Multiple Myeloma; Naphthaleneacetic Acids; Neutrophils; Peroxidases; Plasma Cells; Skin Window Technique; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; DNA; Electron Transport; Humans; Infectious Mononucleosis; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukocytes; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Lymphocytosis; RNA

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Biochemical Phenomena; Biochemistry; Carbohydrate Metabolism; DNA; Folic Acid Antagonists; Glutathione; Heparin; Histamine; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Lipid Metabolism; Lymphocytes; Mercaptopurine; Metabolism; Pathology; Peroxidases; Phagocytosis; Plasminogen; Pyrimidines; RNA; Thymidine; Trace Elements

Lymphoblasts from 61 untreated patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), classified according to the French-American-British (FAB) morphologic classification, were studied for cytochemical characteristics and membrane surface markers. Seventy-three % (eight of 11) of patients with E-rosette positive lymphoblasts (T ALL) had strong focal paranuclear acid phosphatase (AcP) activity in more than 75% of their lymphoblasts; lymphoblasts from only 6% (three of 48) (p = 0.005) of patients with E-rosette negative, surface immunoglobulin negative lymphoblasts (non-T, non-B ALL) exhibited this characteristic AcP activity. The non-T, non-B ALL cases that manifested focal paranuclear AcP activity had clinical features more characteristic of the T ALL cases. The distribution of beta-glucuronidase activity in the lymphoblast cytoplasm was similar to that of AcP for T ALL and non-T, non-B ALL but the stain was generally more difficult to interpret THan the AcP and was a less reliable indicator of immunologic type of ALL. The periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and nonspecific esterase stains were not useful in distinguishing between T ALL and non-T, non-B ALL but PAS negativity was associated with certain clinical features within the non-T, non-B ALL group. Cytochemical evaluation of the lymphoblasts at diagnosis in patients with ALL may be useful in identifying subsets of ALL that have distinct immunologic and clinical characteristics and important therapeutic and prognostic implications.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; B-Lymphocytes; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials as Topic; Esterases; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Male; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; Rosette Formation; T-Lymphocytes

The diagnostic value of the acid-phosphatase reaction was assessed double-blind in 148 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (A.L.L.) classified by surface-membrane markers and entered into the M.R.C. U.K. A.L.L. trials. 90% of cases of T-A.L.L. showed a positive reaction in the majority of blast cells, while only 2% of common-A.L.L. and 10% of null-A.L.L. were positive. This cytochemical reaction distinguished the more aggressive form of A.L.L. any may aid the choice of therapy.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Cell Membrane; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Phenotype; Staining and Labeling; T-Lymphocytes

This report describes six cases of feline large granular lymphocyte lymphoma identified by light microscopy on the basis of their characteristic azurophilic granulation in Giemsa-stained plastic sections and by electron microscopy on the basis of their typical granules. Although the granules of all the tumor cells were negative for peroxidase activity, they all demonstrated chloroacetate-esterase and acid phosphatase activity. All the tumors reacted with cross-reacting antibodies against the CD3 antigen (epsilon chain) and did not react with a cross-reacting monoclonal antibody directed against epitopes on cytoplasmic domains of the CD20 antigen. Three tumors had a positive reaction with a monoclonal human CD57-like antibody. This is highly suggestive of either a cytotoxic T cell or a natural killer cell origin of the neoplasias. In three cats, although other abdominal organs were affected to a variable extent, the main neoplastic lesions were localized in the gastrointestinal tract and the jejunal lymph nodes. In contrast, in the other three cats, organ involvement was more widespread, affecting the lung (two), myocardium (two), precardiac mediastinum (one), salivary gland (one), and spinal cord (one); in addition, leukemia was present in two of these cats. The data presented indicate that tumors made up of large granular lymphocytes occur more frequently in cats than previously assumed and that they share many characteristic features with specific subtypes of clonal disorders of large granular lymphocytes in humans.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Cat Diseases; Cats; CD3 Complex; CD57 Antigens; Cytoplasmic Granules; Female; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Male; Retrospective Studies

The multiple drug-resistant human lymphoblastic leukemic cell, CEM/VLB100, in which P-glycoprotein (P-170) is overexpressed, has a lowered content of lysosomal enzymes, such as N-acetylglucosaminidase and beta-galactosidase, and the relative rates of secretion of these enzymes are significantly greater than those of its drug-sensitive counterpart, CEM. The ability of CEM/VLB100 cells to accumulate [3H]vinblastine ([3H]-VLB) is also greatly reduced. Multiple drug-resistant cells whose mode of resistance is not associated with P-170 do not have reduced enzyme content, and their rate of secretion is the same as that of their drug-sensitive parents. Linkage of drug and enzyme elimination is suggested by the observation that verapamil inhibits both the efflux of [3H]VLB and the secretion of lysosomal enzymes in CEM/VLB100 cells; the content of both [3H]VLB and enzyme increases in these cells when chronically exposed to verapamil. Further, both secretion of N-acetylglucosaminidase and efflux of [3H]VLB by CEM/VLB100 cells are enhanced by the addition of NaCl to the suspending, sucrose-containing medium. When cells have taken up [3H]VLB and are then fractionated by means of a Percoll centrifugation gradient, the distribution of drug among the various populations of vesicles is similar to that of N-acetylglucosaminidase. Losses of both enzyme and drug take place from these vesicular populations to varying degrees, when CEM/VLB100 cells are induced to secrete. It is proposed that, in a multiple drug-resistant cell such as CEM/VLB100, the presence of P-170 in the plasma membrane may, in some indirect manner, lead to increased exocytosis of lysosomal enzyme, ultimately resulting in a significant depletion of enzyme. Further, a toxic, cationic drug such as vinblastine, accumulating in lysosomes and acidic vesicles, is also eliminated from the cell by exocytosis. This pathway may supplement the known, major mode of efflux directly involving P-170.

Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Acid Phosphatase; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; Drug Resistance; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lysosomes; Membrane Glycoproteins; Neoplasm Proteins; Sodium Chloride; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Verapamil; Vinblastine

Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) is a reliable histochemical marker of osteoclasts when used on tissue sections of undecalcified bone. This paper presents an original morphometric analysis which can be done after histochemical identification of osteoclasts. These bone resorbing cells were demonstrated on undecalcified bone biopsies from control subjects and patients presenting a malignant disease of the lymphocyte B lineage. Computerized analysis of the osteoclastic population revealed that: (1) all TRAP positive cells along bone trabeculae belong to a osteoclastic population; (2) that B cell malignancies had an increased bone resorption. At the scanning electron microscopic level small resorption bays (about 10 microns in diameter) were observed either associated or separated from eroded surfaces presenting abnormal appearance; TRAP staining of histological sections of undecalcified bone, coupled with morphometric studies, may help in the understanding of bone disease pathobiology.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone and Bones; Bone Resorption; Humans; Leukemia, B-Cell; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Osteoclasts

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Cell Differentiation; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; Staining and Labeling

In a retrospective study, consecutive bone marrow biopsies and smears from 104 children with leukemia were analyzed for expression of lymphoid and myeloid lineage-associated features. Eighty-six cases were diagnosed as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 14 cases as acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), and one case as chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Finally, three children were classified as biphenotypic leukemia demonstrating mixed populations of lymphoid and myeloid blast cells from the onset of the disease. Thus, leukemia with a dual phenotype was assessed in 2.9% of all cases examined. The recognition of bilineage origin even by conventional methods such as morphology, cytochemistry and marker studies may be important for the selection of an effective treatment.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Marrow; Child; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Infant; Karyotyping; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lymphocytes; Male; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; Peroxidase; Phenotype; Retrospective Studies

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Infant; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Male; Middle Aged; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Blood Cells; Bone Marrow; Child; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Kinetics; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Luminescent Measurements; Lymphocytes; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Prognosis

B-cell neoplasias such as CLL can be viewed as models of monoclonal populations restricted within discrete ranges of B-cell maturation. It is unknown whether other B-cell leukemias such as prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL), lymphoplasmacytoid immunocytoma (IC), and hairy cell leukemia (HCL) involve different B lineages or are malignant variants of B cells in successive stages of development along the same lineage. Therefore in vitro maturation was induced with the phorbol ester TPA in leukemic cell samples from 10 CLL, 4 PLL, and 4 IC patients. Morphologically, both plasmacytic and hairy cell-like phenomena were induced. The latter unexpected finding was confirmed by reaction with HD6 (CD22) antibody which stains HCL but is unreactive with plasma cells, multiple myeloma, and CLL cells. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase was demonstrated in TPA-cultured CLL, PLL, and IC cells, and the same isoenzyme band as in HCL was revealed by isoelectrofocusing. On the other hand, an increase of IgM messenger RNA was detected in up to 20% of the cells in CLL cultures by single-cell in situ hybridization with fluoro-chrome-labeled DNA probes. An abundance of IgM messenger RNA characterizes lymphoplasmacytoid cells as found in IC. Our data demonstrate that CLL, PLL, and IC can be induced to realize a common genetic program which bears characteristics of HCL indicating that these four entities are more closely related than previously thought.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antigens, Neoplasm; Humans; Immunoglobulin M; Isoenzymes; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Phenotype; RNA, Messenger; Tartrates; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) mononuclear cells were incubated with the phorbol ester TPA in an attempt to induce further maturation and were compared with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, prolymphocytic leukemia, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cells. Morphology, surface features, membrane markers, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and Ig secretion were examined. HCL cells spread and adhered firmly after TPA, producing elongated filopodia. Cells still retained ribosomal lamellar complexes, and increased numbers of dense bodies were seen. TPA enhanced the adherent and phagocytic properties of HCL cells, producing a modest increase in the expression of membrane Ig, GP-70, and Leu-M5 markers, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and Ig secretion. Other neoplastic B cells behaved differently, forming readily detachable clumps without elongated filopodia. Maturation to plasma cells and hairy cell features were readily evident in all cases. These differences in growth patterns were consistent and may be used to distinguish HCL from other B cell neoplasias.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens, Differentiation; Antigens, Surface; Cell Membrane; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; Tartrates; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate

We studied the prognostic value of the enzymes acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) and acid phosphatase (AP) in 89 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Follow-up data were available for 61 out of 67 cases of non T- non B-ALL, which were treated in different hospitals according to the same protocols. Sex, age, initial white blood cell count (WBC) and number of high risk patients (WBC above 25 X 10(9)/l) were comparable between enzyme-positive and -negative cases. The probabilities of complete continuous remission (CCR) were virtually identical in the AP+ and AP- group. For the ANAE+ group the probability of CCR was lower than for the ANAE- group, but this difference was not statistically significant (0.10 greater than p greater than 0.05). Within the common-ALL group (n = 32), no difference was found in probability of CCR between the AP+ and AP- group but ANAE+ cases had a significantly lower probability of CCR than ANAE- cases. This study is a contribution to the view that the cytochemical profile of ALL cells may have prognostic value.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Bone Marrow; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Infant; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; Male; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Prognosis

The acid phosphatase (AP), beta-glucuronidase (BG), and alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase (ANAE) distribution and the morphology of stage 0 B-CLL lymphocytes were studied. The results were compared with the same hydrolase equipment and morphology of normal B-cell populations showing the B-CLL-like phenotype, and thus regardable as the possible counterpart of leukaemic cells. The functional and structural characters of the former were strikingly different from those of the latter. In fact the normal B-cell population with B-CLL-like phenotype showed an homogeneous enzyme pattern with predominant ANAE and a strictly lymphocytic cell morphology. In contrast, the leukaemic cells showed various and unrelated morphological and cytochemical features, thus forming apparent subgroups of B-CLL. The development of an irregular "switch on" mechanism in the blocked malignant cell clone, may account for these functional and structural maturation discrepancies. Moreover, the fact that in the leukaemic cells ANAE activity could be demonstrated only after the appearance of the other hydrolases, makes it a marker of functionally differentiated B lymphocytes.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Naphthol AS D Esterase

An increased content of cytochemically heterogeneous A-RFC (responses to acid phosphatase and acid nonspecific esterase) in peripheral blood of children with T-ALL in comparison with non-T, non-B-ALL has been established. No correlation between A-RFC content and T-cells bearing FcG- and FcM-receptors has been revealed. It is supposed that A-RFC is a heterogeneous group of T-cells differing in the stage of maturity.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Erythrocytes; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Infant; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Rosette Formation; T-Lymphocytes

Mononuclear cells concentrated from 11 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 7 with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in leukemic phase (NHL), 5 with hairy cell leukemia (HCL), 1 with prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL), and 1 with plasma cell leukemia (PCL) were induced to differentiate with various doses of TPA. The degree of induction was followed for up to 6 days by measuring the expression of surface membrane markers (SmIg and GP-70) and Ig secretion, the induction of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and by recording ultrastructural changes as seen by electronmicroscopy. The results show a dose and time dependency of the TPA effect and a great heterogeneity in the cellular response, particularly in cells obtained from B-CLL patients. TPA induced two main features, namely the development of "plasmacytoid" or "hairy cell" leukemia features that clearly depended on the dose and duration of treatment with the phorbol ester. The plasmacytoid features were more frequently encountered with lower doses (1 ng/ml) of TPA and were more evident after shorter exposures to TPA (1-2 days). Nevertheless, the hairy cell features were more striking after incubation with higher concentrations of TPA (10-100 ng/ml) after longer periods of incubation (up to 6 days) with lower doses of TPA. The various features of differentiation measured including cell morphology, surface membrane markers, Ig secretion, and TRAP staining, were frequently independent of each other, suggesting an autonomous pathway of differentiation for some of these features. Furthermore, in most of the cases, hairy cell leukemia features were obtained more frequently following TPA exposure than plasmacytic changes.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Cell Differentiation; Glycoproteins; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Isoenzymes; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Microscopy, Electron; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate

Cells from 11 chronic lymphocytic leukemic (CLL) patients were induced to differentiate with various doses of tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and the degree of induction was followed up to six days by measuring the expression of two surface membrane markers (SmIg and GP-70), Ig secretion, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and ultrastructural changes. The results indicate dose and time dependency of the TPA effect and a great heterogeneity in the response to TPA among cells from different CLL patients. Furthermore, the two main TPA-induced features, the "plasmacytoid" or "hairy cell" features depended on the dose and duration of treatment with the phorbolester. The plasmacytoid features were more frequently encountered at low doses (1 ng/ml) of TPA and were evident after short exposures to TPA (1-2 days). The hairy cell features were more obvious after incubation with higher doses of TPA (10-100 ng/ml) or at Day 6 with lower doses of TPA. The differentiation features measured, including cell morphology, surface membrane markers, Ig secretion, and TRAP staining, appeared to be independent of each other suggesting an autonomous pathway of differentiation for some of these features.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antibodies, Neoplasm; B-Lymphocytes; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Induction; Humans; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Membrane Glycoproteins; Microscopy, Electron; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Time Factors

In 84 leukemic non-Hodgkin-lymphomas the diagnostic evidence of peripheral blood smears in Pappenheim-staining and diverse cytochemical reactions (PAS, alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, acid phosphatase, acid esterase, beta-glucuronidase) was analysed using a homogeneous cell grid (lymphatic differential blood picture). In all entities the small lymphocyte proved to be the most frequent cell-form. The other lymphomas of low malignity (intermediate malignity) can clearly be demarcated from the CLL by the more intense polymorphism of the blood smears and in the majority can be classified entity-related by the differential blood picture. For the diagnostic evidence of the differential blood picture proved significant that entity-typical cell-forms (e.g. lymphoplasmacytoid lymphocytes, centrocytes) following the small (mature) lymphocyte as cell-type of second frequency are flooded out into the peripheral blood in non-Hodgkin-lymphomas. Highly malignant lymphomas could clearly be demarcated from low-malignant ones by their higher proportion of blasts in the differential blood picture. Of the cytochemical reactions only the acid phosphatase, with definitely focal-perinuclear reaction, an importance as T-cell marker is ascribed.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukocyte Count; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; T-Lymphocytes

In vitro maturation was induced with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in leukemic cell samples from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (n = 10) and prolymphocytic leukemia (n = 4). The cells were studied for morphology, for immunological markers using the fluorescence activated cell sorter, and for acid phosphatase isoenzymes using both cytochemistry and isoelectrofocusing. Morphologically the induced changes included appearance of cells with an excentric nucleus and basophilic cytoplasm and eventually of cells with many fine cytoplasmic projections ("hairs"). Analysis of immunological markers by flow cytometry revealed that the monoclonal antibody defined cell surface molecule HD6 (CD22), which is strongly expressed on hairy cell leukemia (HCL) but absent from plasmacytoma and plasma cells, can be induced or enhanced in the leukemic samples. In the study of acid phosphatase isoenzymes using cytochemistry we observed the induction of the tartrate resistant isoenzyme. Further, using isoelectrofocusing we could demonstrate the induction of the same band of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase with an isoelectric point of 9.0-9.7 as detected also in HCL. This particular isoenzyme is considered characteristic of HCL but is absent in plasmacytoma. Our data demonstrate that chronic lymphocytic leukemia and prolymphocytic leukemia cells can be induced to realize a common genetic program which bears characteristics of HCL, indicating that these three entities are much more closely related than previously thought.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Cells, Cultured; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Male; Middle Aged; Phenotype; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate

The Pediatric Oncology Group analyzed 103 cases of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) with an acid phosphatase stain and with a series of immunologic markers. As reported by others, the authors demonstrated a high correlation of acid phosphatase (AP) positivity and T-ALL. However, a subset of T-ALL was acid phosphatase negative, and some non-T, non-B, non-pre-B-ALL cases were AP positive. The predictive value of the AP test was, therefore, poor as a marker of T-ALL. AP-negative T-ALL cases appeared to be a distinctive subset of T-ALL, and AP negativity an intrinsic characteristic of this subset, rather than a failure of the test system. AP-positive n-ALL cases demonstrated no difference from AP-negative cases and, in particular, no evidence of early T-ALL differentiation.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Child; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Prospective Studies

The morphologic features, phenotype, and functions of OKM1+ leukemic T-cells were studied. The leukemic T-cells in two patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) had specific features of large granular lymphocytes (LGL), and those in two patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) had L2 morphologic characteristics. The phenotype of the leukemic cells from one patient with CLL was OKM1+, ER+, OKT3+, OKT4+, OKT8-, OKIa1-, IgGFc receptor (EA gamma)+, Leu-7+, Leu-11b+, and anti-Tac-. The cells had antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), but no natural killer (NK) activity. They had a definitive helper effect on pokeweed mitogen-induced normal B-cell differentiation. The leukemic cells from the other patient with CLL were Leu-7-, and Leu-11b-, and lacked both ADCC and NK activity. The leukemic cells in the two patients with ALL were ER+, OKM1+, Leu-7-, and Leu-11-, and did not have any cytotoxicity. One was EA gamma +, and the other was EA gamma -. These findings suggest that OKM1+ leukemic T-cells consist of at least two subgroups: (1) T-cells with the morphologic features of LGL; and (2) those with a lymphoblastic morphologic type. In either case, the phenotype is novel and suggests the emergence of a small, distinct lymphocyte subset.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Antigens, Surface; B-Lymphocytes; Cell Nucleolus; Cell Nucleus; Child, Preschool; Chromatin; Cytoplasm; Golgi Apparatus; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Male; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Pokeweed Mitogens; T-Lymphocytes

Fresh leukaemia cells from the peripheral blood of 6 patients with B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) were cultured in the continuous presence of the phorbolester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) for in vitro induction of differentiation. Upon treatment with TPA the cells showed distinct morphological changes consisting of cytoplasmic and nuclear enlargement, vacuolisation and protrusion of cytoplasm, eccentric location of nuclei with perinuclear clear zones, and oval to elongated cell forms. Isoenzyme profiles of the enzymes carboxylic esterase, acid phosphatase, hexosaminidase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were analysed by isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gels. An increase in the number and in the staining intensity of isoenzymes were observed for all 4 enzymes in the TPA-exposed cells indicating a maturation along the B cell pathway. TPA triggered the new expression of the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoenzyme, a marker of hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) cells, and of the hexosaminidase I isoenzyme, a marker of multiple myeloma cells. The induced phenotypic changes are suggestive of differentiation to stages corresponding to those of HCL cells or 'pre-plasma cells'.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Antigens, Surface; B-Lymphocytes; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Cell Survival; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Female; Hexosaminidases; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Isoelectric Focusing; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Male; Middle Aged; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate

The cells from 87 leukemia-lymphoma cell lines, 14 B-lymphoblastoid cell lines, 459 cases of leukemia-lymphoma, normal specimens, 22 leukemia-lymphoma cell lines treated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) and 14 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) treated with TPA were analyzed for the expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TracP) isoenzyme separated by isoelectric focusing. The TracP isoenzyme was seen in the following leukemia-lymphoma cell lines: 4 of 30 T-cell, 2 of 35 B-cell, 1 of 6 non-T/non-B-cell, 1 of 8 myelomonocytic, 3 of 4 erythroleukemia, and 3 of 4 Hodgkin's disease-derived cell lines. The expression of the TracP band could be induced by treatment with TPA in 3 myelomonocytic leukemia cell lines. Among the different types of leukemia-lymphoma cells freshly obtained from patients, the TracP isoenzyme was detected at a high incidence in cases of B-CLL, hairy cell leukemia (HCL), and B-lymphoma. Of the myeloid leukemias, 10% to 20% displayed the TracP isoenzyme. TracP positivity was detected in the peripheral blood, tonsil, bone marrow, spleen, and liver obtained from healthy donors, but not in the thymus. The expression of the TracP band could be newly induced by TPA in cases of CLL and in cases of CML. It is concluded that TracP activity is not specific for HCL, but is found at high incidences in cases of HCL, B-CLL and B-lymphoma. The TracP isoenzyme is not expressed by very immature lymphoid leukemia cells, but by cells arrested at later stages of differentiation of the T- or B-cell lineage, and by some myeloid cells.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Humans; Isoelectric Focusing; Isoenzymes; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lymphoma; Monocytes; Tartrates; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; B-Lymphocytes; Centrioles; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Male; Neoplasm Proteins

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Glycogen; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Naphthol AS D Esterase

The differential diagnostic significance of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase were studied in 77 cases of low-grade B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. In most cases the results of cytochemical enzyme studies performed on malignant cells of the bone marrow were evaluated. B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, centrocytic and centroblastic/centrocytic lymphomas were characterized by a weak or a negative acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase activity. Stronger positivity was observed in immunocytoma and in Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia, while the highest activity was found in multiple myeloma. Hairy cell leukaemia of B cell origin showed intensive tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity. The cytochemical examination of these lysosomal enzymes may be useful in the diagnosis of low-grade malignant lymphomas of B cell origin by completing other methods.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; B-Lymphocytes; Bone Marrow; Glucuronidase; Humans; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Follicular; Lysosomes; Multiple Myeloma; Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia

beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminidase staining characteristics of rosetted or non-rosetted normal and malignant lymphoid cells were compared with those observed after nonspecific esterase and acid phosphatase staining. With the three cytochemical techniques a similar staining pattern was observed in T cells (E-rosettes), their subpopulations T mu and T gamma, B cells and the non-T, non-B cells, as well as in the T cell populations defined with the monoclonal antibodies OKT3,4 and 8. T mu cells mostly displayed a "dot-like" reaction, T gamma and the non-T, non-B cells a "fine to heavy granular" reaction, while most B cells were negative. OKT4 and OKT8 positive lymphocytes showed for the larger part a dot-like staining pattern, however, the frequency of cells with a granular pattern was distinctly higher in the OKT8, than in the OKT4 positive cells. E(+)mIg(-) and E(-)mIg(-) A.L.L. blasts stained either with a dot-like or granular pattern or failed to react when stained cytochemically for beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminidase, nonspecific esterase and acid phosphatase activity. Only in a few instances a discrepancy was observed between the types of staining for esterase and acid phosphatase on one hand and those for beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminidase on the other.

Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Acid Phosphatase; Adult; B-Lymphocytes; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Hexosaminidases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Rosette Formation; Staining and Labeling; T-Lymphocytes

The cytochemical reactions of 5 acid hydrolases, alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE), acid phosphatase (AP), beta-glucuronidase, beta-glucosaminidase and dipeptidylaminopeptidase IV (DAP IV) were investigated in lymphocytes from 30 patients with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL). Based on ANAE and AP reactivities, 4 cytochemically distinctive subgroups were identified: Group 1: AP and ANAE less than 50% positive lymphocytes (5 cases); Group 2: AP greater than 50%, ANAE less than 50% positive lymphocytes (11 cases); Group 3: AP less than 50%, ANAE greater than 50% positive lymphocytes (7 cases); Group 4: AP and ANAE greater than 50% positive lymphocytes (7 cases). beta-Glucuronidase displayed similar patterns of reactivity to AP. beta-Glucosaminidase activity was observed in the majority of lymphocytes in most patients, whereas DAP IV activity was present in less than 20% of lymphoid cells. The study failed to establish any relationship between cytochemical grouping and patients' clinical status, peripheral lymphocyte counts, E or mouse rosette values, light or heavy chain cellular immunoglobulin (Ig) class. Attempts to correlate acid hydrolase and Ig heavy chain isotype expression, putative markers of B cell maturation, were unsuccessful and indicate that within the narrow spectrum of B cell differentiation seen in B-CLL these characteristics are unrelated.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; B-Lymphocytes; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases; Female; Glucuronidase; Hexosaminidases; Humans; Hydrolases; Immunoglobulins; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Male; Middle Aged; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Phenotype; Rosette Formation

A cytochemical study in samples from 100 lymphoid leukaemias, 84 of B-cell type and 16 of T-cell type, was carried out with three acid hydrolases: DAP IV, acid phosphatase (AP) and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE). DAP IV was studied in leukaemic T-cells both by cytochemistry and by a monoclonal antibody with the immunoperoxidase technique. Both methods showed similar results. AP and ANAE gave weak reactions in immature B-cell leukaemias (common-ALL and B-CLL) and were strongly expressed in plasma cell disorders. DAP IV showed no activity in any of the types of B-cell leukaemia studied and was strongly positive in some T-cell leukaemias but with a more restricted distribution than ANAE and AP. T-lymphoblasts (T-ALL) and mature (T8+) leukaemias were DAP IV negative. Within the T4+ malignancies DAP IV was positive in four T-prolymphocytic leukaemias, one of two T-CLL and one of three Sezary syndrome cases. Although DAP IV is strictly T-cell specific it does not appear to aid the differentiation between B- and T-cell disorders or the identification of T-cell subsets as determined by monoclonal antibodies. It remains to be established whether this enzyme will define a functionally distinct T-cell subset.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Sezary Syndrome; T-Lymphocytes

2 cases of T-cell prolymphocytic leukaemia (T-PLL) were investigated for their reactivity with a series of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) as well as for the cytochemical expression and functional activity of the pathological cells. Both patients showed morphological (large cells with abundant cytoplasm and eccentric and irregularly shaped nucleus with large and prominent nucleoli) and clinical (high leucocyte count and splenomegaly) features typical of T-PLL. The cells from 1 patient expressed a helper/inducer phenotype (T4+, T8-) and were reactive with the anti-Tac (interleukin-2 receptor) MoAb, while the other case co-expressed both the T4 and the T8 antigens. The response to phytohaemagglutinin and the natural killer activity (assessed by 51chromium release) were significantly reduced in both cases, while the helper capacity, tested in a pokeweed mitogen-driven system, was maintained only in the 1st case. This latter case which expressed a more mature phenotype (T4+, T8-) responded well to chemotherapy.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal; B-Lymphocytes; Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Humans; Killer Cells, Natural; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocyte Activation; Male; Middle Aged; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Nucleotidyltransferases; Phytohemagglutinins; Prednisone; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; Rosette Formation; Splenomegaly; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aminosalicylic Acid; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; Male; Prognosis

A permanent lymphoblastoid cell line was established from the peripheral blood of a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The cell line, designated SDK, grows in a stationary suspension culture, forming aggregates, in RPMI medium supplemented with 10% FCS, with a doubling time of 50-60 h. Immunologic markers and cytological features suggested that the SDK cells should be identified as being of B-cell origin. The cells failed to form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes, did not express T-cell antigens as defined by monoclonal antibodies, and exhibited surface and cytoplasmic immunoglobulin determinants. Chromosome analysis revealed the presence of three cell populations with (a) 46XY; (b) t(8q-; 14q+) or 2p-; 14q+) and (c) cells with unidentifiable markers. SDK demonstrated susceptibility to TPA-induced differentiation toward plasma cells.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Cell Line; Child; Chromosome Aberrations; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Male; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate

This report describes the qualitative acid phosphatase (acP) isoenzyme profiles detected in permanent human hematopoietic cell lines. The acP activity was separated into its isoenzymes by isoelectric focusing on horizontal thin-layer polyacrylamide gels. The pattern of acP isoenzyme was investigated in a total of 86 cell lines. These cell lines were classified into five groups on the basis of their phenotypes characterized in the multiple marker analysis: 74 leukemia-lymphoma cell lines (26 T-, 34 B-, 6 myelomonocytic, 8 Non-T, Non-B cell lines) and 12 so-called 'normal' Epstein-Barr virus transformed B-lymphoblastoid cell lines. Their immunological features had been analysed in detail by use of a large panel of poly- and monoclonal antibodies which led to a further subclassification into stages of differentiation. A progressive increase in number and staining intensity of the isoenzymes which paralleled the expression of surface markers at different stages of differentiation along their developmental pathway was seen in the T- and B-leukemia-lymphoma cell lines. Some cell lines whose isoenzyme profiles did not correspond to the stage of differentiation as evidenced by surface antigen analysis might represent good examples of deranged gene expression in otherwise normally programmed malignant cells, i.e. in our study a mismatch between the isoenzymatic and immunological phenotypes. The tartrate-resistant isoenzyme was detected in 9 out of 74 leukemia-lymphoma cell lines (4 T-, 2 B-, 1 myelomonocytic, 2 Non-T, Non-B cell lines) and in 10 out of 12 normal B-lymphoblastoid cell lines; the only one studied hairy cell leukemia cell line did not express this isoenzyme. The relative specificity of the tartrate-resistant acP is discussed in detail. No leukemia-lymphoma specific isoenzyme or an additional isoenzyme which was not seen in normal hematopoietic cells could be observed. Nor did we find an isoenzyme or isoenzyme pattern characteristic for a certain cell lineage. This underlines the necessity of a combined analysis using markers from different disciplines in the 'multiple marker analysis' in order to accurately characterize normal and malignant blood cells. Furthermore, our results support the concept of maturation arrest at particular stages of differentiation together with the theory of normal gene expression in leukemic cells equivalent to that in their normal counterparts.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antigens, Surface; B-Lymphocytes; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lymphoma; Phenotype; T-Lymphocytes; Tartrates

We have investigated the relationship between chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), hairy cell leukemia (HCL), and different normal B cell subsets: Mrbc+, T1+ and slgM+ tonsil cells; germinal center; mantle zone; and peripheral blood B lymphocytes. Both malignant and normal cells were incubated in vitro with the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) for 72 hours and the morphology, cytochemical profile, and surface markers were evaluated. The results show that CLL cells TPA-induced become indistinguishable from HCL by four independent criteria: the morphology; the cytoplasmic tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) enzyme activity; the membrane positivity with anti-Leu M5 (SHCL3); and anti-Tac monoclonal antibodies which, in the uninduced state, react only with HCL. The features of TRAP and Tac positivity are also expressed (though in variable degree) by different normal B cell populations activated with TPA or pokeweed mitogen (PWM). It is concluded that HCL might represent an aberrantly activated variant of CLL (or of a CLL-related disorder).

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; B-Lymphocytes; Bone Marrow Cells; Cells, Cultured; Embryonal Carcinoma Stem Cells; Humans; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocyte Activation; Male; Middle Aged; Mitogens; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Phorbol Esters

Leukemic cells from 124 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 31 chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) were examined for sheep erythrocyte receptor (E), surface immunoglobulin (SIg) and their reactivity with a panel of monoclonal antibodies recognizing specific surface antigens including pan-T, Common ALL and Ia antigens. In acute lymphatic leukemia, 33% of patients reveal T-cell receptor associated with higher age group, mediastinal mass and high WBC count. Common ALL was predominant between 2 and 9-yr age group. Among chronic lymphatic leukemia, 2 patients were found to be T-CLL while 29 revealed presence of SIg. Ia antigen was detected in 44.4% of ALL and 64% fo CLL patients. The pattern of surface marker observed in our series may be related to our life style, socio-economic and environmental factors.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens, Neoplasm; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; Humans; India; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Male; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Child; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Pakistan; T-Lymphocytes

The peripheral blood mononuclear cells from five patients with abnormally expanded populations of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) of possible malignant origin have been studied by electron microscopy. These cells had fewer granules than normal circulating LGL but displayed a variety of organelles possibly involved in the process of granule formation. This process apparently originated from the fusion of vesicles that had a characteristic cup-shape (and appeared to be derived from the Golgi apparatus) with smaller vesicles, mostly of the coated type. This fusion resulted in the formation of multivesicular bodies (MVB) whose limiting membrane was constituted by that of the cup-shaped vesicle. MVB gradually matured into electron-dense granules. A number of cup-shaped vesicles were found positive for the cytochemical localization of thiamine pyrophosphatase (TPP) activity that is a specific marker of the trans aspect of the Golgi apparatus, a finding which confirmed that they were Golgi-derived. The smaller, mostly coated, vesicles were positive for acid phosphatase (AP) and evidence was obtained indicating that they subserved the function of transporting acid hydrolases from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the cup-shaped vesicles or to the MVB. The plasma membrane did not appear to contribute to MVB or granule formation since endocytic vacuoles induced by reacting the cell surface with the appropriate monoclonal antibodies (followed by peroxidase labelled anti-immunoglobulin) were never seen while fusing with granules or MVB. Rather, these vesicles formed secondary lysosomes after having encountered smooth or, more rarely, coated vesicles. Granulogenesis in LGL, therefore, resembles the process of granule formation observed in secretory cells. The active process of granulogenesis detected in the patient cells and a number of other findings indicate that they were LGL at early stages of maturation. The surface phenotype consistently found in these cells (OKT3+, Leu 1+, OKT8+, Leu 2a+, OKT11+, Leu 5+ and OKM1) is different from that of the majority of the normal LGL and may correspond to that of immature LGL.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Cytoplasmic Granules; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukocyte Count; Lymphocytes; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Thiamine Pyrophosphatase

Four acid hydrolases, acid phosphatase (AP), alpha-naphthyl acetate acid esterase (ANAE), beta-glucuronidase (BG) and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NABG) were determined cytochemically in B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) cells exposed in vitro to the tumor promoter 12-0-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13 acetate (TPA). TPA, which has been previously shown to induce B-CLL cells to mature towards plasmacytoid cells, results in the progressive expression of the enzymes tested in the cytoplasm of malignant cells, in particular AP and ANAE. Furthermore, the sensitivity to inhibitors and the pattern of reactivity of ANAE provide evidence for an enzyme subtype normally restricted to plasma cells. Thus, acid hydrolases--some of which showing plasma cell type of activity--are expressed during B-CLL cells differentiation induced in vitro. These results confirm the value of cytochemistry in subtyping B-cell malignancies.

Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Acid Phosphatase; Aged; B-Lymphocytes; Cell Differentiation; Glucuronidase; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lysosomes; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Phorbols; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate

In human blood and bone marrow, dipeptidylaminopeptidase IV (DAP IV; EC 3.4.14.5) selectively occurs in T lymphocytes bearing Fc receptors for IgM. In the present study 35 cases of lymphoblastic lymphoma and leukemia were analysed for the specificity, incidence and reaction pattern of DAP IV. On the basis of immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies and enzyme cytochemical staining for acid phosphatase, 12 cases were classified as B-type neoplasms. In 23 cases T-cell properties were expressed to different extents, apparently reflecting different categories of maturation. Whereas B-cell lymphomas were invariably negative for DAP IV, seven of the 23 T-lymphoblastic lymphomas/leukemias showed this enzyme. Thus DAP IV is a highly specific marker for a distinct T-cell subpopulation, apparently irrespective of the stage of differentiation.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Bone Marrow; Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases; Endopeptidases; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Receptors, Fc; T-Lymphocytes

The positivity for four cytochemical reactions, acid phosphatase (AcP), alpha-naphtyl acid acetate esterase (ANAE), beta-glucuronidase (BG), and N-acetyl beta-glucosaminidase (NABG) was correlated to first remission duration in 120 children affected with non-T, non-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The percentages of patients remaining in complete remission at 72 months were always higher for children whose blasts lacked these enzymatic reactions; however, a statistical difference was found only between BG+ and BG- ALL. It also appears that more complete enzymatic patterns of leukemic cells are associated with a poorer prognosis. The percentage of patients still in their first remission was 89% for leukemias with no cytochemical markers, 59% when one reaction was present, but less than 39% when two or more enzymes were detected in the blasts. It is noteworthy that the blasts of patients with more severe prognosis demonstrated a simultaneous positivity for AcP-ANAE or BG-NABG cytochemical reactions. The possible usefulness of these cytochemical markers to detect subsets of patients with different prognostic significance among non-T, non-B ALL is discussed.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Glucuronidase; Humans; Hydrolases; Infant; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Male; Naphthol AS D Esterase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukocyte Count; Male; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; Prognosis; Rosette Formation

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Marrow; Child; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction

The subcellular localization of acid phosphatase (AcP) in various immunologically-defined neoplastic lymphoid cells including hairy cells was investigated by electron microscopy. 2 substrates, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphoric acid (naphthol-AS-BI-P) and sodium beta-glycerophosphate, were compared. By incubation in naphthol-AS-BI-P containing medium, the reaction product was found located in granules, vesicles, the Golgi apparatus, the rough ER including the nuclear envelope in the cells of T ALL, T CLL and HCL. A typical pattern of reaction was observed for each of these disorders: enzyme-positive Golgi membranes and neighbouring granules, clustered in the nuclear notch in T cell-derived lymphoblasts; enzyme-positive granules around Gall bodies, aggregated paranuclearly in T CLL lymphocytes and enzyme-positive scattered cytoplasmic granules and vesicles in hairy cells. Enzyme activity was occasionally seen in singly-occurring granules in the cells of cALL, B CLL and B PLL, rarely in other substructures. With the Gomori method using beta-glycerophosphate as substrate, the enzyme reaction was limited primarily to lysosomal sites and was seldom observed in other organelles. Tartrate-resistant AcP was found in the majority of hairy cells and in a few prolymphocytes, located in the same structures as AcP without tartrate.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Cytoplasmic Granules; Glycerophosphates; Golgi Apparatus; Humans; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Microscopy, Electron; Organophosphorus Compounds; T-Lymphocytes

Six patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL) were studied for surface immunoglobulin ( sIg ). In all five sIg -positive cases, the heavy chain isotype was IgG. We performed cytologic and cytochemical studies of sIgG + lymphocytes in normal peripheral blood and compared them with hairy cells. Normal sIgM + lymphocytes were also examined. sIgG + and sIgM + lymphocytes made up 0.9% and 6.1% of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes, respectively. Under a phase-contrast microscope, 76% of sIgG + lymphocytes showed cytoplasmic processes similar to those found on hairy cells, whereas most sIgM + lymphocytes had smooth surfaces. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining revealed that TRAP-positive cells accounted for 65% of sIgG + lymphocytes and 19% of sIgM + lymphocytes. Some (8.3%) of the sIgM + lymphocytes expressed sIgG concomitantly. When sIgM +, sIgM +, sIgG + lymphocytes were excluded, the percentages of cells with surface processes and of TRAP-positive cells in the remaining sIgM +, sIgG - lymphocytes were 10% and 12%, respectively. A very small proportion (0.2%) of sIgM -, sIgG - lymphocytes had cytoplasmic processes. These results indicate that normal sIgG + lymphocytes are cytologically and cytochemically different from most sIgM + lymphocytes and that the phase-contrast microscopic appearances and TRAP activity of sIgG + lymphocytes are similar to those of HCL tumor cells.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Cell Membrane; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; Male; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell

Backscattered Electron Imaging (BEI) is a particular technique which permits to study cytochemical reactions with the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The BEI data pertaining to specific enzymatic activities can be directly correlated to the surface morphology of each individual cell. Leukocytes from 5 normal individuals, 14 patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukaemia (ANLL), 7 patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) and 3 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) were studied for myeloperoxidase activity, acid phosphatase localization, silver staining of the nuclei and phagocytosis of iron carbonyl in the BEI mode of SEM. Some normal peripheral blood leukocytes which cannot be distinguished by their surface morphology alone were satisfactorily identified with the BEI technique. Leukaemic myeloid cells can be recognized in many cases because of their positive myeloperoxidase reaction, while monocytic elements can be characterized by the presence of surface ruffles, acid phosphatase activity and active phagocytosis. The usefulness of the BEI technique in identifying different blood cell types with the SEM and its possible application to the diagnosis of certain cases of leukaemia are discussed.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Bone Marrow; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Peroxidase; Phagocytosis; Reference Values

In 83 children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) the immunological phenotype of the lymphoblasts was determined using E rosetting, monoclonal anti-T cell sera, surface immunoglobulin staining and common ALL antiserum. The data were compared with acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) and acid phosphatase (AP) cytochemical data. The vast majority of T-ALL cells proved to be ANAE-negative (30/31) and AP-positive (29/31). Null-ALL was always AP-negative (12/12), the ANAE reaction was sometimes positive (4/12). In common ALL, findings ranged from negative to positive for both enzymes. Two cases of B-ALL were ANAE-negative and AP-negative. Enzyme cytochemical determinations gave thus preferential patterns, especially for T-ALL and null-ALL. In common ALL, considerable heterogeneity was found, which may be a reflection of differences in maturation between different cases of common ALL.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Child; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Phenotype; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; Rosette Formation; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Cytoplasmic Granules; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; T-Lymphocytes

The status of acid phosphatase isoenzymes was evaluated in cells of patients with acute lymphocytic leukemias or lymphomas by analytical isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels (IEF) on horizontal thin-layer slabs. The isoenzyme patterns were correlated with routine immunological cell surface markers and the relationship of enzyme activity to specific immunological subclasses of ALL is discussed. By isoelectric focusing up to five isoenzyme groups (I-V) containing several isoenzyme were observed. No leukemia specific or additional isoenzyme could be demonstrated. This biochemical characterization showed a marked heterogeneity within two major immunologic subgroups indicating that various differentiation stages of cell maturation could be involved in cALL and T-ALL. According to their degree of maturation along T-cell differentiation axis the leukemic cells displayed no enzyme activity, weak isoenzyme bands or the incomplete or complete isoenzyme pattern seen with normal lymphocytes from human tonsils which were used as controls. The investigation of specific enzymatic patterns can lead to a further definition of subsets of acute leukemias and give insight into lymphopoietic differentiation.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma; Palatine Tonsil

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia with hand-mirror cells (HMC) was diagnosed in nine adult patients. Blast HMC were seen only in the bone marrow (12-57% range). Cytochemical studies revealed a positive reaction to tartrate-sensitive acid phosphatase in the tail portion of the cells in seven cases, with a strong, localized cytoplasmic reaction in four. Leukemic cells lacked surface immunoglobulins and were E rosette negative in all cases. Normal levels of adenosine deaminase activity (ADA) were found in five of the seven patients. Electron microscope studies confirmed the hand-mirror shape of the cell. These HMC contained large numbers of mitochondria and microspikes in the handle portion of the cell. The patients failed to respond to initial conventional ALL chemotherapy, but the prolonged survival with passable health of the majority of these, despite their lack of complete remission, is emphasized.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Deaminase; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Bone Marrow Cells; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; Prognosis

Correlations between morphological and cytochemical classification and treatment results in 200 children with ALL (diagnosed from 1964 to 1980) resulted in small, insignificant differences: FAB-L2 morphology, and undifferentiated cytochemistry resulted in slightly worse remission or survival duration. A significant difference emerged between the best group (FAB-L2 and PAS-positivity) and the worst (FAB-L2 and undifferentiated cytochemistry). All immunologically examined blasts with strong acid phosphatase positivity showed T-cell markers, but not all those with T-cell markers were phosphatase positive. On the whole, the morphologic/cytochemical classification used here is not satisfactory and has declined significantly in importance due to the much improved treatment results since 1970.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Child; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Male; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; Prognosis

Differential diagnostic importance of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase reactions was studied in bone marrow smears of 52 patients with acute leukaemias. Both reactions showed either diffuse or simultaneously diffuse and granular positivity in the medullary blast cells of 34 patients suffering from ANLL. A strong diffuse positivity of acid phosphatase suggested the possibility of AMOL. Beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase reactions were exclusively granular in every positive case of ALL. Increased acid phosphatase activity was found in T-ALL while beta-glucuronidase showed increased activity also in (non-T, non-B)-ALL on several occasions.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Diagnosis, Differential; Glucuronidase; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Middle Aged; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; T-Lymphocytes

The ultrastructural localization of four acid hydrolases (acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-glucosaminidase and alpha-naphthylacetate esterase) has been studied in lymphocytes from 16 patients with three types of chronic T-cell leukaemia, namely, T-prolymphocytic leukaemia (T-PLL), T-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (T-CLL) and adult T-cell lymphoma leukaemia (ATLL). Different patterns of enzyme distribution were observed in the leukaemic T-cells from these disorders. In T-PLL, reactivity for the four acid hydrolases was confined to single or a few large granules. Gall bodies were reactive for beta-glucuronidase, b-glucosaminidase and alpha-naphthylacetate esterase but apparently unreactive for acid phosphatase. In T-CLL, scattered small- to medium-size cytoplasmic granules and many parallel tubular arrays were strongly reactive for acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and beta-glucosidase but showed no reactivity for alpha-naphthylacetate esterase. Intermediate features were observed in ATLL. The observed differences in enzyme reactivity reflect a different content of lysosomal granules in the various types of leukaemic T-cells. They also suggest that similar differences may be found in normal T-lymphocyte subsets.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Glucuronidase; Hexosaminidases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hydrolases; In Vitro Techniques; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Naphthol AS D Esterase; T-Lymphocytes

Changes in the number of lysosomes were studied by method of Blum and the activity of acid phosphatase was determined by the method of Barka and Anderson in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia in relation to the phase of the disease (according to Rai) and the method of treatment. Treatment with powerful cytostatic agents (cyclophosphamide with vinblastine) significantly changed the fluorescent and cytochemical findings, with a different pattern of changes in cases treated with success (remission) and in cases with unsuccessful treatment (death). The morphological evaluation of lysosomes in the lymphocytes can be used as a simple criterion of success in the treatment, and prognosis in this disease.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Therapy, Combination; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; Lysosomes; Middle Aged; Vinblastine

Lymphoid leukemia induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene (DMBA) in rats and maintained by serial intraperitoneal transplantations in newborn rats was subjected to immunological and enzymological characterization. The Thy-1 antigen positivity rendered evidence for the T cell origin of the leukemia studied. Expression of cell surface complement binding receptors and patterns of cytoplasmic acid phosphatase and nonspecific acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase enzymes drew the attention to the dominance of lymphoblasts and prolymphocytes.

Topics: 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Antigens, Surface; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Leukemia, Experimental; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Membrane Proteins; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Rats; Receptors, Complement; Receptors, Fc; T-Lymphocytes; Thy-1 Antigens

Tissue sections of lymph nodes, appendices and tonsils, together with smears of immunologically separated peripheral lymphoid cells from a B-CLL and lymphomatous cells from an immunocytoma were submitted to combined enzyme cytochemical investigations with acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE), beta-glucuronidase (B-G), acid phosphatase (AcPh), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), a,d 5'nucleotidase (5'N). T-cells were Acph+, ATPase- and 5'N-. The vast majority of T- and B-cells displayed ANAE and B-G activities with two distinct staining patterns (T-like and B-like pattern). A high proportion of lymphoid cells in the germinal centre (G.C.) and the vast majority of lymphoid cells in the mantle-zone (M.Z.) were shown to belong to B-cell system because of the expression of ATPase and 5'N in their membranes. Some lymphoid cells positive for ANAE and B-G with a B-like pattern and for AcPh were recognizable in the G.C. In the M.Z. only a few lymphoid cells being ANAE+, with a T-like pattern, and AcPh+ were shown to belong to the T-cell system. In contrast, in this zone a high proportion of small lymphoid cells (64% +/- 10%) showed ANAE activity, mostly with B-like pattern. Therefore, these findings indicate that in the M.Z. a high proportion of B-cells ATPase+ and 5'N+ also display ANAE activity. By comparison of the results obtained from lymphoid tissue sections, B-CLL and immunocytoma cell suspensions and normal circulating lymphocytes we can conclude that B-ANAE-positive cells of the M.Z. do not usually appear in the peripheral blood. They circulate in large numbers only in some pathological conditions (like our reported B-CLL). Therefore, B-ANAE-positive lymphoid cells of the mantle, with a B-like staining pattern, include a wide range of subsets which exclude large lymphoid cells and plasma cells.

Topics: 5'-Nucleotidase; Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Appendix; B-Lymphocytes; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymph Nodes; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Nucleotidases; Palatine Tonsil; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Child; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Staining and Labeling; T-Lymphocytes

An ultrastructural cytochemical study of lysosomal acid phosphatase was performed on leukemic cells in a case of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia of T cell origin (T-CLL). The cells showed inclusion bodies known as parallel tubular arrays, which often lay within acid phosphatase-positive, membrane-bound spaces. This suggests their lysosomal location.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Inclusion Bodies; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lysosomes; Microscopy, Electron; T-Lymphocytes

The observation that the dipeptidylaminopeptidase IV (DAP IV; EC 3.4.14.4) occurs exclusively in T mu lymphocytes, stimulated the following study on cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemias. Thirty cases of human chronic lymphocytic leukemia were subjected to the DAP IV reaction in addition to the usually applied cytochemical and immunological tests (acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, acid phosphatase, rosetting with sheep erythrocytes and surface Ig). DAP IV activity was measured directly in normal granulocytes, monocytes, B and T lymphocytes as well as in lymphocyte suspensions of leukemic cases. On a cytochemical level granulocytes, monocytes, B lymphocytes and all 24 cases of B-CLL were found to be DAP IV negative, though some of the latter showed positive reactions for AcE and AcP. From the six cases of T-CLL, five were positive to DAP IV cytochemically. No discrepancies were observed between cytochemical and biochemical results. It is concluded that DAP IV is a reliable and easy to perform marker for T mu lymphocytes and their neoplasias. The results have been interpreted as further evidence for a clonal nature of T-cell neoplasias.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases; Endopeptidases; Esterases; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Male; T-Lymphocytes

Acid phosphatase (AcP) in neoplastic cells from various lymphoid leukemias was examined. In the cytochemical studies, tartrate-resistant AcP (T-rAcP) activity was observed in the neoplastic cells from well-differentiated lymphoid leukemias such as adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (T-CLL), and hairy-cell leukemia (HCL). T-rAcP activity was also detected in a small number of leukemic cells obtained from T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), while it was not detected in the neoplastic cells from null-ALL, macroglobulinemia, and multiple myeloma (MM). In the electrophoretical studies, fraction 1 (F-1), F-3, F-3b, and F-4 were completely tartrate-sensitive, while F-2 was partially resistant and F-5 was completely resistant. T-rAcP activity (F-5) was observed in ATL cells, B-CLL cells, and HCL cells, while it was not detected in ALL cells, macroglobulinemia cells, and MM cells. The present study indicates that T-rAcP activity is observed not only in HCL cells but also in the well-differentiated lymphoid cells such as ATL cells, B-CLL and T-CLL cells except the most highly differentiated forms of B-cells of MM and macroglobulinemia.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Multiple Myeloma; T-Lymphocytes; Tartrates; Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia

Malignant lymphocytes from 30 B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) patients were studied for the cytochemical localization of two acid hydrolases, alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) and acid phosphatase (AT). The large majority of the cells stained for both ANAE and AP in 7 cases, for AP only in 18 cases, and were negative for both the enzymes in 5 cases. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that the cells that displayed more mature morphological features, such as well developed smooth and rough membrane compartments, were those positive for acid hydrolases. That ANAE and AP are expressed by B cells at late stage of maturation was confirmed by the finding that some lymphocytes and all of the plasmacytoid lymphocytes and plasma cells from Walderström's macroglobulinemia, from mixed cryoglobulinemia, and from multiple myeloma patients stained strongly for both ANAE and AP. Using the expression of acid hydrolases and certain ultrastructural features as markers of cell differentiation, it was possible to demonstrate a process of maturation within the single B-CLL clones with accumulation of the cells at stages that differed in the various cases.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cryoglobulinemia; Cytoplasm; Humans; Hydrolases; Immunoglobulin G; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia

Net enzyme activities of normal human blood cells were measured, and isoelectric focusing patterns of acid esterase (AcE) (EC 3.1.1.6) and acid phosphatase (AcP) (EC 3.1.3.2) were compared with corresponding data obtained for two acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines (JM, Molt-4), one acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia cell line (Ball-1), one acute non-B-non-T-lymphoblastic leukemia cell line (KM 3), and one promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL-60). The AcE isozymes, found in the individual blood cell types, were regularly expressed by the corresponding cell lines. AcP was regularly expressed by lines HL-60 and KM 3, but lines JM, Molt-4, and Ball-1 showed additional isozymes and/or reduction of the intensity of the typical isozymes found in the presumed normal counterparts. This phenomenon resulted partly in an obscuration of the typical isozyme patterns. Our study documents the applicability of isozyme mapping to the characterization of permanent hematopoietic cell lines. The results suggest that long-term culture conditions can repress phenotypic properties and/or derepress gene activities.

Topics: Acetylesterase; Acid Phosphatase; Cell Line; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Humans; Isoelectric Focusing; Isoenzymes; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Cathepsins; Child; Child, Preschool; Deoxyribonucleases; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lysosomes; Prognosis; Ribonucleases

Four acid hydrolases, acid phosphatase (AP), alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE), beta-glucuronidase, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, were determined cytochemically in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 50 patients with B and T chronic lymphocytic and prolymphocytic leukemias (CLL, PLL) and related disorders. Strong positive reactions were characteristic of the T-cell leukemias while the reactions were weak or negative in B-CLL and B-PLL. Differences in the cytochemical profile of T-CLL and T-PLL were noted. In both, beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase were positive; these enzymes are therefore good cytochemical markers of the chronic T-cell leukemias. AP and ANAE gave different results according to the disease process; AP was strong in T-CLL and variable in T-PLL, while ANAE was strongly positive in T-PLL, but weak or negative in T-CLL. The findings in T-CLL, a proliferation of T gamma lymphocytes, were similar to those of normal T gamma cells. In T-PLL, the findings did not relate to the membrane phenotype as defined by monoclonal antibodies.

Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Acid Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hydrolases; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Rosette Formation; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Asparaginase; Brain Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Cytarabine; Humans; Infant; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphadenitis; Prognosis; Risk; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Cell Differentiation; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase; Esterases; Granulocytes; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Monocytes; Muramidase; Peroxidase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Bone Marrow; Glucuronidase; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute

A case of B-prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL) is reported in which intracytoplasmic inclusions were seen at transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The inclusions were electron dense, often membrane bound, and a proportion showed acid phosphatase reactivity.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Cytoplasmic Granules; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Male; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Vacuoles

In 4 adults with malignant lymphoma and in 3 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia the acid phosphatase activity in lymphocytes during the consecutive cycles of polychemotherapy was examined paralelly with the estimation of the receptors for sheep erythrocytes. Depression of the enzymatic reaction was observed immediately after the onset of the cytostatic treatment, its normalization between the cycles and after the full remission was reached. A remarkable and lasting decrease of the phosphatase positive lymphocytes and a change in the expression of the enzymatic reaction was noticed in the course of L-asparaginase administration. The presented investigations are the continuation of the authors' earlier studies on the positive correlation between the rosette test with neuraminidase treated sheep erythrocytes and the acid phosphatase activity in lymphoproliferative diseases.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythrocytes; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma; Middle Aged; Rosette Formation; Sheep

A prospective, comparative study of cytochemical and immunological markers and clinical features was undertaken in 44 patients with ALL (children and adults). 12 patients (27%) had T-ALL, 1 patient (2%) B-ALL and 31 patients (71%) (non-T, non-B)-All. E-rosetting lymphoblasts ranged from 35 to 96% (median: 61), highest when AET-treated SRBC were used as indicator cells. All 12 E-rosette positive cases were strongly acid phosphatase (AcP)-positive, showing a homogeneous pattern of distinct granular AcP-activity in more than 85% of the lymphoblasts (median: 96%) significantly different from the median of 26% granulated blasts found in (non-T, non-B)-ALL cases. Counting blasts with granular AcP-activity proved to be both easier than using a scoring system for the AcP-reaction and more efficient in terms of discriminating ability between the subgroups. Significant clinical and haematological features characterizing the T- and AcP-positive cases included: (1) Predominance of young adult men, (2) presence of a mediastinal mass, (3) involvement of skin and serous membranes, (4) only slightly affected haemoglobin concentration at presentation, (5) difficulty in obtaining complete remission, (6) shorter duration of first complete remission and (7) shorter survival rate. It is confirmed that AcP-staining of lymphoblasts is an easy, reproducible and inexpensive method for identifying the T-cell variety of ALL.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; Male; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Rosette Formation

Recent studies on the polymorphism of lysosomal hydrolases have shown that all individual blood cell types in the human being possess their own isoenzyme pattern. In the present study acid phosphatase activity of normal human B-lymphocytes and of four different types of low-grade malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas according to the Kiel classification was estimated. In addition, the isoenzyme pattern of AcP was investigated by isoelectric focusing. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia of B-cell type (N = 9) and centroblastic centrocytic follicular lymphoma (N = 10) demonstrated significantly lower values than lymphoplasmacytic/lymphoplasmacytoid lymphomas (N = 28) and plasmacytomas (N = 8). The isoenzyme pattern of normal human B-lymphocytes comprised 12 bands between pH 6.3 and 3.85. This basical pattern was shared by all four lymphoma entities. Only lymphoplasmatic lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma and plasmacytoma revealed additional bands, which probably account for the higher net enzyme activity in these cases.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Humans; Isoelectric Focusing; Isoenzymes; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma

Ten cases of T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia were studied with light and electron microscopy. Cytochemical strains were performed on touch preparations, and mononuclear cell suspensions were tested for spontaneous rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes, C3 receptors, and surface immunoglobulins. The present investigation was performed to evaluate several ultrastructural parameters, mainly the nuclear shape, as diagnostic clues for this group of lymphomas. Characteristic convoluted nuclei were present in 7 to 47% of the lymphoblasts. This percentage correlated with the focal acid phosphatase reaction and E-rosette formation. Acid phosphatase was the best cytochemical marker (70-100% of the lymphoblasts showed focal reaction product). By ultrastructural cytochemistry, the reaction product was demonstrated in the Golgi cisternae and primary lysosomes. The cell suspensions obtained from different sources contained 14 to 95% E-rosette-forming cells. No specific morphologic, cytochemical, or immunologic differences were found between patients with or without mediastinal involvement.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Cell Nucleus; Child; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma; Male; Mediastinal Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; Receptors, Complement; Rosette Formation; T-Lymphocytes

Of 58 children with acute lymphatic leukemia who had undergone marker studies of blasts, only 6 (10%) had greater than 30 E+ blasts. Of these, 5 had a high WBC and organomegaly, but only 2 suffered a fatal course. Two more have been in CCR for over 5 years despite other risk factors. Patients with less than 30% E+ cells did not differ from common ALL patients clinically or in their response to treatment. However, 3 older children with Hp-positive but E negative blasts had a very high WBC and died without having remission. Only standardized marker studies, treatment and follow-up of a large series of ALL patients will show the importance to be attached to these and other T-cell markers compared with the better-known clinical and hematologic risk factors.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Marrow Cells; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Lectins; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Male; Prognosis; Risk; Rosette Formation; T-Lymphocytes

Acid phosphatase staining pattern has been variably advocated and discouraged as an indicator of T-cell differentiation of acute lymphoblastic leukemias. This study indicates that acid phosphatase staining pattern will correlate with the results of E rosette testing in both T-cell and non-T, non-B acute lymphoblastic leukemias in over 90% of cases. Acid phosphatase staining pattern may reliably be used to indicate T-cell differentiation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in cases where insufficient material for E rosette testing is available.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Rosette Formation; T-Lymphocytes

136 patients suffering from ALL were subdivided into 5 subtypes (C-ALL, C/T-ALL, pre-T-ALL, B-ALL) according to rosetting tests and using specific antisera directed against membrane antigens. In addition, leukaemic blasts of all patients were investigated according to morphological and cytochemical criteria. In APh and ANAE, indices and the percentages of cases showing a granular staining pattern were high in pre-T- and in T-ALL, but low in C/T- and in C-ALL. PAS-staining, conversely, was more pronounced in C/T- and C-ALL. APh proved to be more discriminative for recognition of the T- and pre-T-ALL subgroups than ANAE, but ANAE-cytochemistry may be useful to detect contaminating normal T-lymphocytes in ALL. Receptors for C3 were more frequent in C- and in T-ALL than in C/T- and in pre-T-ALL, receptors for Fc were distributed equally among all subtypes. Positively of C3- and Fc-receptors was not correlated with cytochemical results. Morphological criteria were not sufficient for subclassification of ALL; the combination of APh- and PAS-staining, however, is valuable to differentiate between C-subgroups and T-subgroups.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antigens, Surface; Child; Child, Preschool; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Infant; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Middle Aged; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; Prognosis; T-Lymphocytes

Seven patients are presented with a chronic lymphoproliferative disorder characterized clinically by splenomegaly, no or discrete lymphnode enlargement, and a varying degree of cytopenia. In blood and bone-marrow smears lymphoid cells of "hairy" appearance are demonstrable which may contain tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. The finding of a nodular bone-marrow infiltration without fibrosis as well as that of a nodular infiltration of the spleen originating in the white pulp are incompatible with the diagnosis hairy-cell leukemia and place the disease near to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or leukemic immunocytoma respectively. A detailed cytologic and cytochemical examination of the infiltrating cells shows deviations from the typical enzymatic pattern of hairy cells and from known enzymatic constellations in CLL and related lymphoproliferative disorders. Thus, we are dealing with an intermediate form, difficult to classify, the separation of which nevertheless seems to be important for therapeutical reasons.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Bone Marrow; Chronic Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Male; Middle Aged; Spleen; Splenomegaly

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; Male; Middle Aged

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Antibody Formation; Humans; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; Male; Pokeweed Mitogens

In search for new methods to maintain a selective and specific visualization of blast cells in cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia the glycyl-prolyl-4-methoxy-beta-nephthylamide-peptidase reaction (DAP IV) was performed in cytochemical tests. Blood and marrow slides from 15 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia of childhood were stained. The results were compared with findings in Pappenheim and acid phosphatase stained slides. In addition slides from concentrated blood lymphocytes of 50 normal subjects served as control. The following results were achieved. 1. In normal blood only about 50% of T-lymphocytes reveal a positive DAP IV reaction. 2. Lymphocytes positive to DAP IV show a typical dot-like paranuclear pattern of activity for acid phosphatase. 3. Only 5 cases out of 15 acid phosphatase positive acute lymphoblastic leukemias presented a positive reaction for the DAP IV. DAP IV reaction is specially useful in visualization and quantification of blast cells in hypercellular marrow slides. In positive cases it further allows a reliable evaluation of the mark infiltration and duration of remission.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Marrow; Child; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Peptide Hydrolases; Staining and Labeling; T-Lymphocytes

During the past 30 years, the rapidly developing and changing concepts and technology of the discipline of immunobiology have been applied to studies in oncology. After the definitive demonstration of so-called tumor-specific transplantation antigens in chemically and virally induced tumors in syngeneic rodent and murine species, numerous efforts were then directed toward the demonstration of comparable materials in human tumors. After a number of false starts in an overzealous search for a marker that would serve as a panacea for human cancer diagnosis, more rational approaches have been taken to the problem and valuable information from the points of view of both the cell biologist and clinical oncologist has been forthcoming. The present paper presents an overview of human tumor antigens as biological markers of tumor growth. Reference is made to the fact that normally occurring biological materials of known function that are qualitatively and/or quantitatively altered during the process of malignant transformation may be most useful in the diagnosis and management of the cancer patient. The role of the presently available radioimmunoassays for carcinoembryonic antigen in clinical medicine is outlined.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Antigens, Neoplasm; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Choriocarcinoma; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Galactosyltransferases; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Male; Neoplasms; Nucleotidyltransferases; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radioimmunoassay

Chromosomal and isoenzyme alteration of a human leukemia cell line, REH6, is shown during 80 subsequent passages. No correlation between these properties could be found.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antigens, Neoplasm; Cell Division; Cell Line; Chromosome Banding; Chromosomes; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; Lysosomes

A semiquantitative assessment of blast cell acid phosphatase activity, expressed as a score, was made in 41 unselected children with newly diagnosed and untreated non-T acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Despite a wide range of enzyme activity in both sexes boys had significantly higher scores than girls, and, in view of the known association between males and T ALL on the one hand, and between acid phosphatase and T ALL on the other, these findings raise the possibility that boys may have a predisposition to a type of pre-T ALL which could contribute to the as yet unexplained difference in prognosis between the sexes.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Male; Prognosis; Sex Factors

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Child; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Rosette Formation

The influence of cytostatic drugs (L-asparaginase, vincristine, 6-mercaptopurine, amethopterine, prednisone) on the activity of alkaline and acid phosphatase, alpha-naphtol-acetate esterase, the content of glycogen and lipids in leukocytes of peripheral blood in patients with acute leukemia was investigated. Under the influence of anti-leukemic drugs some cytochemical reactions typically changed in different forms of acute leukemia showed tendency to normalization being sometimes more distinctive than leukocytosis or even than white blood picture. In patients who did not show any improvement during the treatment the disturbances of cytochemical reactions intensified or, sometimes, remaining unchanged. The repetition of examination of cytochemical reactions changing distinctively in the chemotherapy may simplify the treatment control by better estimation of its efficiency and give some prognostic hints.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Antineoplastic Agents; Female; Glycogen; Granulocytes; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lipids; Lymphocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Naphthol AS D Esterase

The usefulness of cytochemical tests (APh and ANAE) to replace or to supplement membrane markers in subclassification of normal and malignant lymphatic cells was investigated.. normal lymphocytes subfractionated by rosetting and centrifugation, and in M. Hodgkin and CLL; lymphoblastoid cell lines; malignant lymphatic cells in different types of lymphatic leukemia. In normal human blood, T-lymphocytes are marked by a distinct "dot-like" ANAE-reactivity which is somewhat less pronounced in the small (11%) subgroup of Fc-IgG-receptor positive T-lymphocytes; B-lymphocytes are negative or finely granular positive. Lymphoblastoid cell lines of B- and of T-type are ANAE- and APh-positive. In some lymphatic malignancies, a characteristic pattern of activity of APh or of ANAE may support the diagnosis. The value of ANAE-cytochemistry is highly estimated for the quantitative determination of the percentage of normal T-lymphocytes lymphatic leukemias, immunological disorders, and during immunosuppressive therapy.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Esterases; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Cell Nucleus; Diagnosis, Differential; Esterases; Glucuronidase; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Sezary Syndrome; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Microscopy, Electron; Sezary Syndrome; T-Lymphocytes

We report a case of a T-zone malignant lymphoma of a cervical lymph node developing in a 25-year-old man. Only 14% of the marrow was originally involved, but within two months massive, leukemic dissemination ensued. The blast cells were unable to bind sheep erythrocytes (E) but expressed human thymus leukemia antigen (HTLA) and common ALL-stem-cell (cALL) antigen and had high terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) and acid phosphatase activity. These findings suggest a malignant lymphoproliferative disorder of pre-T-cell type. Complete remission was achieved with intensive chemotherapy. Two months later, acute myelomonocytic leukemia was diagnosed; at this time, over 90% of the blast cells were peroxidase, sudan black, and chloracetate-esterase positive. Consistent with loss of high TdT activity and HTLA and cALL antigens, 86% of the blasts now expressed Ia-like antigens. Cytogenetic studies demonstrated hyperdiploidy. Reports of granulocytic leukemia in lymphoma are reviewed in the context of the above findings and the hypothesis that a leukemogenic factor affects a multipotential stem cell.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Antigens, Neoplasm; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lymphoma; Male; Rosette Formation

Morphological changes of lysosomes (according to Blum) and the activity of acid phosphatase (by the method of Barka and Andersen) were investigated in peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia non-treated or treated with Leukeran. The division into groups was carried out according to Rai. Pathological lymphocytes in relation to lymphocytes of healthy subjects showed a decreased number of lysosomes and an increased number of cells with diffuse type of reaction to acid phosphatase. A relation was found between the intensity of morphological changes of lysosomes in pathological lymphocytes and the clinical state of the patients. Morphological evaluation of lysosomes in lymphocytes is a good diagnostic criterion of treatment effectiveness providing prognostic cues.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antineoplastic Agents; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; Lysosomes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunochemistry; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Naphthol AS D Esterase; T-Lymphocytes

Enzymatically homogeneous populations of lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils were isolated by zonal centrifugation from 5 untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and 2 patients with CLL in full remission. The cells were then quantitatively analyzed for six leukocytic enzymes and compared with cells from normal subjects. CLL monocytes were deficient in beta-glucuronidase (0.06 units; normal, 0.16), myeloperoxidase (0.07 mg; normal, 0.5 mg), and lysozyme (0.7 mg; normal, 3.3 mg). In 2 cases, CLL neutrophils were severely deficient in lysozyme (1 to 2 mg; normal, 7 mg) and myeloperoxidase (2 to 3 mg; normal, 7 mg). Neutrophil alkaline phosphatase and neutral protease were unaffected. CLL lymphocytes shared with the monocytes the deficiency of beta-glucuronidase (0.03 units; normal, 0.09 units). The 2 CLL patients in full remission carried normal enzyme levels in leukocytes of all three cell lines. The CLL lymphocytes of untreated patients were unresponsive to mitogens but became responsive in remission. The CLL monocytes from both untreated and treated patients transformed into macrophages. The pattern of shared enzyme deficiency among lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils of CLL patients and its normalization in all three cell types under remission suggest that the differentiation of the three leukocytic cell lines may be an enzymatically interlinked process and that the deficiency of these enzymes in leukemia may reflect an interrelated aberrant differentiation of the leukemic cells.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Cell Separation; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Glucuronidase; Granulocytes; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Monocytes; Muramidase; Peroxidase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Marrow; Enzyme Activation; Glucuronidase; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes

Topics: Acetyltransferases; Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Glycogen; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lipids; Lymphocytes; Neutrophils

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Glucuronidase; Humans; Infant; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; Male; Prognosis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lipids; Lymphocytes; Prognosis

Thirty children with previously untreated acute lymphoblastic leukemia were studied prior to therapy to determine whether sheep erythrocyte (E)-receptor status correlated with clinical factors, cytochemical staining characteristics, FAB morphologic classification, and karyotype. Five patients (17%) with more than 50% E+ blasts had intense focal acid phosphatase staining and distinct clinical characteristics, including high leukocyte counts, mediastinal masses, and involvement of the central nervous system at diagnosis. Focal acid phosphatase activity was present in blasts of patients with greater than 20% E+ blasts, but this group had fewer poor risk factors. Morphologic and karyotypic features were not related to erythrocyte-receptor status, but the L2 morphologic appearance occurred more frequently in older patients (P less than 0.05). Erythrocyte receptors have both qualitative and quantitative clinical correlations in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia; however, E+ and E- groups are heterogeneous and E+ groups must be analyzed for other risk factors and relapse rates determined before firm conclusions can be made about erythrocyte rosetting as an independent risk variable.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Karyotyping; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukocyte Count; Male; Prognosis; Rosette Formation

Using the high resolution technique of isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel, isoenzymatic components of acid phosphatase were detected in cell-free extracts prepared from different cytologic types of leukemic blasts in adults. Results indicate that for different cytologic types, different characteristic patterns of acid phosphatase isoenzyme could be detected. These studies extend conventional cytochemistry and indicate that characteristic patterns of acid phosphatase isoenzyme can be detected for various cytologic types of acute leukemia.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Cell-Free System; Granulocytes; Humans; Isoelectric Focusing; Isoenzymes; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Lymphocytes; Monocytes; Veins

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Chromatography, Gel; Humans; Isoelectric Point; Isoenzymes; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lymphoma; Solubility; Thymus Gland

Two patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia of T-cell immunological origin are studied. One case was of the prolymphocytic variety, and the other corresponded to the "classical" type of chronic T-cell lymphocytic leukemia. From a morphological point of view what stood out was the hyperchromatic aspect of the cytoplasm of the lymphocytic proliferation. The high increase of acid hydrolases localized preferentially in the centrosomic area was the main cytochemical characteristic. Isoenzymatic study of leukocytic acid phosphatase showed a noticeable increase of band 3 and the absence of supernumerary band 3b. Immunological analysis revealed a significant decrease of the surface immunoglobulins and a rise in absolute terms in the number of lymphocytes forming spontaneous rosettes. In the case of the prolymphocytic variety what was particularly noticeable was the great number of lymphocytes bearing complement receptors. The combination of cytomorphologic, isoenzymatic and immunological data make it possible to differentiate between lymphoproliferative diseases of T and B-cell origin at the present time.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leukemia, Lymphoid; T-Lymphocytes

The acid phosphatase pattern was studied in leukaemic cells from 8 patients with T-cell leukaemia (5 ALL and 3 CLL). In 2 cases the enzyme activity was focal granular with paranuclear localization as earlier demonstrated by other authors, while--in contrast to these findings--the enzyme activity in 4 cases demonstrated universal granular distribution. Almost all the cells from each patient showed the same picture. In the last 2 cases a mixed focal and universal granular pattern was observed, where half the cells possessed the focal form and the other half the universal form of granular activity. The two first-mentioned patterns were observed in cases of T-ALL as well as of T-CLL, while the mixed pattern was seen only in cases of T-ALL.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Child, Preschool; Cytoplasmic Granules; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Male; Middle Aged; T-Lymphocytes

Isoenzymatic study of leucocytic acid phosphatase under normal conditions identifies 3 isoenzymatic bands, which exhibit a noticeable cell specificity. Band 2 is granulocytic, band 3 lymphocytic and band 4 monocytic in origin. Pathologic deviations in the isoenzymatic pattern are both qualitative and quantitative. For some diseases such as chronic lymphocytic leukaemia there is a well-defined, differential pattern according to immunological B- or T-cell origin. The more significant qualitative aspects are related to the appearance of abnormal bands, especially band 3b, indicating blastic cellularity, and 5, corresponding to hairy cells. The isoenzymatic analysis of acid phosphatase activity is a simple haematologic complementary test, particularly useful in the differential diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disorders with peripheral blood manifestations.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Diagnosis, Differential; Electrophoresis, Cellulose Acetate; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leukemia; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukocytes; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Sezary Syndrome; T-Lymphocytes

The morphology, ultrastructure, and acid phosphatase activity of the leukemic cells of 11 cases of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) were studied. Distinctive small cells with markedly hyperchromatic convoluted nuclei comprised from 2 to 25% of the leukemic cells in the blood and bone marrow smears of 10 of the 11 patients. Similar cells were found in only four of 47 cases on non-T, non-B-ALL. Many of these small leukemic cells exhibited ultrastructurally nuclear membrane reduplication and nuclear blebs and splits. The presence of these small leukemic cells with markedly hyperchromatic convoluted nuclei in ALL is strongly suggestive of T-ALL. This cytomorphologic finding, when combined with the presence of strong focal acid phosphatase activity, lends even greater predictability of a T-cell process.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Cell Nucleus; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; T-Lymphocytes

A case of Hodgkin's disease is described which developed into a terminal illness characterized by a malignant proliferation of T-cells. The leukemic cells, after optical and ultrastructural analysis, were distinct from those of myelomonocytic, acute lymphoblastic, chronic lymphocytic as well as prolymphocytic leukemia. Their relationship with the T-cell lineage seemed to be confirmed by a highly positive E-rosette test and by cytochemistry which showed focal positivity of acid phosphatase. The importance of this T-cell malignant proliferation is discussed, especially with regard to cellular interactions in Hodgkin's disease.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; Rosette Formation; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Cell Membrane; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; T-Lymphocytes

Examination of surface markers on leukaemic blasts from 51 children with ALL revealed that ALL is a heterogeneous disease. The majority (68%) of patients with ALL lack surface markers (null leukaemia); 28% could be classed as T cell as they form rosettes with sheep RBC and 4% have been shown to possess surface immunoglobulins and hence are classed as B cells. The children with null cell leukaemia have a better prognosis than T and B cell types.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Antigens, Surface; B-Lymphocytes; Bone Marrow; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Male; Prognosis; Rosette Formation; T-Lymphocytes

A consecutive series of 209 children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) presenting to a regional referral unit between 1970 and 1977 was studied. The following morphological features in the initial bone marrow were recorded: blast size, percentage periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and oil-red-O (ORO) positivity, percentage of blasts with vacuoles, and acid phosphatase positivity. The blasts were also coded according to the FAB (L13) classification. When analysed separately, increasing blast size was significantly related to the length of first remission (P = 0.01). However, this was almost entirely due to its association with the FAB L2 type of disease which also had a highly significant influence on length of first remission (P less than 0.0001) independent of all other factors. Patients with L3 disease had blasts with heavy vacuolation, ORO positivity and displayed monoclonal surface immunoglobulin and their prognosis was very poor. The percentage of vacuolated blasts and ORO positivity otherwise showed no influence on prognosis. Fine granularity of PAS staining in lymphoblasts showed no prognostic value but the trend of longer remission duration with increase in percentage of PAS coarse granularity and blocks, was statistically significant (P = 0.006). This relationship was partly due to a correlation with the presence of mediastinal mass and L2 disease, but was still independent of all other prognostic factors. In a smaller number (39) of the series of patients on whom cell surface markers were available, we were unable to demonstrate a correlation between T-derived blasts and the L1 and L2 classification; but there was a strong correlation with polar acid phosphatase positivity in T-derived blasts.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Bone Marrow; Child; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; Prognosis; Rosette Formation; T-Lymphocytes

A case of prolymphocytic lymphoma/leukaemia (PL) sensu Galton in a 32-year-old man is presented. The leucocyte count was 19.0 x 10(9)/1 at presentation and tartrate resistent acid phosphatase was present in most prolymphocytes. Immunological investigation of prolymphocytes from lymph nodes, spleen and peripheral blood revealed the surface marker phenotype: SmIg + (mu, (delta), lambda), IgG-Fc-receptor +, C3-receptor +. The prolymphocytes from lymph nodes and spleen were C3-receptor + in a high percentage, while only a few were IgG-Fc-receptor +. This proportion was reversed in the blood prolymphocytes. The histology of lymph nodes was unique and strongly suggested a preferential involvement (homing phenomenon) of the mantle zone of the lymphatic follicle. These results may indicate that emission of prolymphocytes from lymph nodes to circulation involves a change of surface receptors. It is finally suggested to consider the diagnosis of not only hairy-cell leukaemia but also PL in the case of tartrate resistent acid phosphatase-positive lymphoma/leukaemia.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; B-Lymphocytes; Cells, Cultured; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymph Nodes; Male; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; Rosette Formation; Spleen

The significance of histo- and cytochemical enzyme investigations in the diagnosis of malignant Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) is evaluated. Histochemical enzyme methods complete the morphological diagnosis if some general principles of diagnostic histochemistry are observed. This is particularly true for the diagnosis of the hairy cell leukemia, the T-lymphoblastoma and the histiocytic reticulosarcoma.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Diagnosis, Differential; Esterases; Glucuronidase; Histiocytes; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse

The reported investigations showed that lymphocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia with low acid phosphatase activity had a rise of this enzyme level during culture in diffusion chamber. This rise is caused by increased number of lymphocytes with activity grades 1 degree and 2 degrees, and from the 6th day of culture also the number of lymphocytes with 3 degrees and 4 degrees activity score rose as well, while at the same time the proportion of cells without acid phosphatase activity fell. In the lymphocytes of healthy subjects a rise in acid phosphatase activity was observed as well under the same culture conditions.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Culture Techniques; Diffusion; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukocyte Count; Lymphocytes; Mice; Time Factors

Plasma membranes isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes of normal donors, lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL), a T cell and B cell line (MOLT-3 and RPMI-1788) were analysed and compared for total carbohydrate contents. T cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes contained the highest relative amounts of sialic acid and fucose, whereas chronic lymphatic leukaemic cells possessed the highest amounts of N-acetylgalactosamine and also more total cell surface carbohydrate. The Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (TF) was detected serologically on membrane fractions by the use of anti-TF containing sera and specific lectins from Arachis hypogaea, Agaricus bisporus and Vicia graminea. The disaccharide beta-D-galactosyl(1-3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine is the immunogdominant carbohydrate group of the FT antigen and was detected as its reduced form, by gas chromatography, in all cells, thus correlating serological and analytical evidence. The haemagglutinating activity of the lectins and sera used was only inhibited by plasma membranes after the removal of sialic acid showong that the native form of this antigen is normally masked by sialic acid in CLL cells as well as normal lymphocytes.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carbohydrates; Cell Membrane; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Hexosamines; Hexoses; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; Nucleotidases; Oxidoreductases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Ceruloplasmin; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Diagnosis, Differential; Enzyme Activation; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Middle Aged

Topics: Acetates; Acid Phosphatase; Esterases; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Peroxidases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Muramidase; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Peroxidases

APh-activity and PAS-positive deposits were studied in 50 cases of ALL, classified as T-ALL and O-ALL according to immunological marker investigations. Correlation between morphological features of the cells and APh and PAS reactions, as well as between morphology and immunological markers was not detected. APh-activity in general was stronger in T-ALL (R+ and R-), while PAS-content was more pronounced in O-ALL. The results suggest that cytochemical methods, especially APh and PAS reaction, are valuable to distinguish T-ALL from O-ALL but not reliable enough to replace immunological marker investigations.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; B-Lymphocytes; Cell Membrane; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Middle Aged; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; T-Lymphocytes

A case of prolymphocytic leukaemia with immunological characteristics of T-cell type is reported. Three noteworthy findings can be emphasized: the presence of C3 receptors on the T-prolymphocytes, the study of the acid-phosphatase isoenzymatic pattern, which showed an increased band 3 with absence of band 3b, and the morphometric ultrastructural investigation. Cytochemistry and ultrastructural morphometry may be useful for a more precise characterization of prolymphocytic leukaemia and help to distinguish it from other lymphoproliferative disorders.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Female; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leukemia, Lymphoid; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymph Nodes; Lymphocytes; T-Lymphocytes

A 68-yr-old male with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) presented with splenomegaly and skin infiltration but no lymphadenopathy. The peripheral blood WBC cound was 300 x 10(9)/liter, with 95% small mature-appearing lymphocytes that were E-rosette positive and EAC-rosette negative. Further characterization of the patient's cells was performed using antisera with known lymphoid sub-population specificity. Anti-p23,30, which reacts with normal circulating B cells but not with T cells or thymocytes, was unreactive with the patient's cells. Anti-311, which reacts with both thymocytes and circulating T cells, was reactive with the patient's cells. Anti-Bk, which reacts only with thymocytes and not with circulating T-cells, failed to react with the patient's cells. The enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, present in thymocytes but absent for circulating T-cells, was also absent from the patient's lymphoid cells. Multimarker analysis therefore showed a mature T-lymphocyte phenotype on this patient's leukemia cells. Further functional analysis will probably show that such cells represent clonal expansion of a mature T-cell subpopulation, analogous to the B-cell clonality of common-variant CLL.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Male; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; Rosette Formation; T-Lymphocytes; Tartrates

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity has been assessed in lymphoid cells of 23 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in order to attempt a further characterization of ALL cells in addition to the well known cytochemical and immunological T and B lymphoid cell markers. ADA activity did not show any correlation with the immunological characterization of the patients investigated; in fact a wide range of ADA activity was observed with levels ranging from 0 to 32 U in T-ALL patients and nearly similar values (from 1.8 to 36 U) in the group of non T--non B ALL cases. Normal values ranged from 2 to 5 U (mean 2.9 U; s.d. +/- 0.8). Some cytochemical patterns (acid phosphatase and PAS) appeared well correlated with T markers of lymphoid cells, whereas they showed no significant relationship with ADA activity.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Deaminase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; B-Lymphocytes; Child; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Male; Middle Aged; Nucleoside Deaminases; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; Rosette Formation; T-Lymphocytes

In a typical case of prolymphocytic leukemia, blood smears and lymph node imprints have been investigated cytologically and cytochemically. It could be shown that many leukemic cells in both blood smears and lymph node imprints contained tartrate resistant acid phosphatase activity. Furthermore, the lymph node imprints disclosed many cells with a positive alkaline phosphatase reaction. Such a reaction hitherto has not been described in malignant cells of lymphoproliferative diseases. The cytochemical results underline that prolymphocytic leukemia indeed is a separate entity which can be differentiated from hairy cell leukemia and chronic lymphatic leukemia not only morphologically but also cytochemically. In addition, the case shows that leukemic blood cells are not inevitably identical with those occurring in organ infiltrates.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymph Nodes; Lymphocytes; Tartrates

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Brain; Brain Damage, Chronic; Carbohydrates; Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins; Child; Creatine Kinase; Cyclic AMP; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Methotrexate; Radiotherapy

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Cell Nucleolus; DNA; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Mitochondria; RNA; T-Lymphocytes

The recidive-free phases, survival times and the number of long surviging patients were recorded in 64 children with cytochemically differentiated ALL. A significantly more favourable course of ALL of PAS type could be observed as compared with the undifferentiated type and partially with the esterase type, too. According to the present findings the cytochemical examinations of ALL can be recommended in the initial phase of leukaemia as a prognostic evaluation.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Child; Child, Preschool; Esterases; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; Peroxidases; Prognosis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Esterases; Female; Glucuronidase; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Male; Middle Aged; Mycosis Fungoides; Nucleotidases; Rosette Formation

The initial bone marrow smeasrs of 821 children with ALL have been cytochemically analysed. (PAS-, acid phosphatase-(SPH), peroxydase-(POX), alpha-N-esterase-(EST)reaction) with regard to presenting clinical data and course of disease. Granular reactions of PAS and SPH were not meaningful in this respect. The paranuclear SPH-reaction was associated with high incidence of mediastinal mass, high peripheral blas count and male preponderance. All 5 patients with histories of more than 12 weeks duration belongs to the PAS-type of ALL (cloddy reaction). The PAS-type showed a higher incidence of CNS-leukaemia and generally a less favorable prognosis as compared to the UND-type. Thereby a high proportion of PAS positive cells, independently of other risk factors, indicates a better prognosis. The highterto neglected weak EST-reaction (Grad I and II according to Löffler) seems to signalise a clincally distinct subtype of ALL with a younger age distribution maximum as compared to the UND-type, low incidence of risk factors, high rate of remissions lasting more than 2 years but unfavorable endprognosis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Age Factors; Aminosalicylic Acid; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Central Nervous System; Child; Child, Preschool; Esterases; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Male; Mediastinal Neoplasms; Peroxidases; Sex Factors; Time Factors

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Female; Hematopoietic System; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lymphocytes; Male; Mononuclear Phagocyte System; Pregnancy; Tartrates

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Antibody Formation; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Male; Prognosis; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; Rosette Formation

29 cases of T-cell derived lymphoblastic lymphoma and T-ALL have been analyzed. There is a striking prevalence of the male sex. In the peripheral blood we often find initially an excessive number of white blood cells combined with normal values for the other constituents in about half of the patients; This may be an expression for the rapid occurrence of leukaemia in T-cell lymphosarcoma. In addition to systemic ALL-therapy we performed X-ray irradiation of the mediastinum in 8 of our patients. This yielded to significantly longer first complete remissions. All patients with T-cell LSA/ALL with or without mediastinal mass should be treated in this manner. Cytochemically a strong focal acid phosphatase reaction was found to be acharacteristic of these cells. It has proved to be a screening method for this disease. The cells are T-cell derived and their pattern of surface markers is similar to that found in fetal thymocytes.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Age Factors; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma; Male; Mediastinal Neoplasms; Remission, Spontaneous; Sex Factors; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Abdominal Neoplasms; Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Aminosalicylic Acid; B-Lymphocytes; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Mediastinal Neoplasms; Osteomyelitis; Paralysis; Rheumatic Diseases; Sepsis; T-Lymphocytes

beta-Glucuronidase activity was semiquantitatively estimated in the cells of lymph node (LN) imprints from patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD), diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), normal lymph nodes, and benign lymphadenopathies. In addition, in some of these cases beta-glucuronidase activity was semiquantitatively determined in peripheral blood smear lymphocytes. The beta-glucuronidase score (betaGS) was very low in the cells of the LN imprints from patients with diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The LN lymphocytes of HD had a normal betaGS independently of the histological subtype of the disease, while in the LN imprint of CLL the enzyme activity was low, normal, or high. The betaGS of the lymphocytes in LN imprints of normal controls and HD were in general significantly lower compared with he lymphocytes of the peripheral blood smears in the same cases. The relation of our findings to the B and T cell origin of malignant lymphomas and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia is discussed.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; B-Lymphocytes; Child; Female; Glucuronidase; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoma; Male; Middle Aged; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Antigens, Neoplasm; Child; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Glucuronidase; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lysosomes; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Male; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; T-Lymphocytes; Tartrates

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; B-Lymphocytes; Child; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma; Male; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; Prognosis; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; Rosette Formation; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; Methods; Peroxidases; Prognosis; T-Lymphocytes

The malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of childhood are of highgrade malignancy only. There are lymphoblastic and immunoblastic forms. The lymphoblastic lymphomas can be of the Burkitt type (B-cell-derived) or of the "convoluted" or acid phosphatase type (T-cell-derived). A larger number of the lymphoblastic lymphomas are "unclassified" and usually do not belong to either the B-or the T-cell system (stem-cell-derived?). Most of the immunoblastic lymphomas (previously called "reticulosarcomas") are derived from the B-cell series. Besides the lymphomas in the actual sense, there are also true histiocytic reticulosarcomas of childhood. Hodgkin's disease is probably more common in childhood than all of the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas combined.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Age Factors; B-Lymphocytes; Burkitt Lymphoma; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Germany, West; Humans; Infant; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Male; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Animals; B-Lymphocytes; Cell Nucleus; Complement C3; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Male; Middle Aged; Rosette Formation; Sheep; T-Lymphocytes

Twenty cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children and adults were investigated at different tissue localizations by scanning electron microscopy. ALL was divided into cases with or without strong paranuclear acid phosphatase activity. ALL showed very similar surface morphology irrespective of the type of ALL or the tissue localization. ALL is, however, strikingly different in some from other childhood leukemias and lymphomas, as well as from activated T-lymphocytes in infectious mononucleosis. The results indicate that the surface morphology of leukemic cells is a stable cytologic parameter, if certain technical prerequisits are fulfilled. Further criteria may thus be added to the panel of known cytologic, cytochemical and functional parameters.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Anaplasia; B-Lymphocytes; Cell Membrane; Child; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cattle; Humans; Immunologic Techniques; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; Lysosomes; Sheep; Thymus Extracts

Comparative study of isoenzymic patterns of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase of normal and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) lymphocytes was carried out by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The isoenzymograms of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase of leukaemic cells were similar to that of normal lymphocytes. However, different patterns were found in the case of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase. Two prominent anodal bands were present in CLL lymphocytes; these bands were either absent or very weak in normal cells.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Esterases; Glucuronidase; Isoenzymes; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Electrophoresis, Cellulose Acetate; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leukemia, Lymphoid

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Diagnosis, Differential; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Child; Child, Preschool; Esterases; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma; Middle Aged; Peroxidases; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Cytochemistry is disappointing in lymphoproliferative syndromes for it does not permit one to classify the various diseases with certainty. In the early stages, if the three indices are lowered, the prognosis seems poorer. A study of glucuronidase permits, in hyperlymphocytosis, one to differentiate benign from malignant lymphocytes, but does not permit one to differentiate from one another, the other chronic lymphoproliferative syndromes. The acid phosphatase is interesting in the study of hairy cell leukemia. Finally, it was not possible to distinguish chronic lymphoid leukemia from leukemia with lymphosarcomatous cells, nor from the cytochemical point of view nor using tests for delayed hypersensitivity.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Glucuronidase; Glycosaminoglycans; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Skin Tests; Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia

Lymphoblasts from ten patients with ALL or stage IV malignant lymphoma were studied cytochemically and investigated for rosette-forming capacity with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) as a T cell surface marker. SRBC binding capacity and acid phosphatase or beta-glucuronidase were tested simultaneously in single lymphocytes isolated from normal blood donors. Our results suggest that the presence of acid phosphatase (and beta-glucuronidase) represents a functional state of lymphocytes or lymphoblasts qualitatively independent of T cell differentiation, but quantitatively more pronounced in T cells than in B lymphocytes or non-T lymphoblasts.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Glucuronidase; Humans; Immunologic Techniques; Infant; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma; Male; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; Lymphocytosis; Male

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Diagnosis, Differential; Glucuronidase; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Chromatin; Esterases; Galactosidases; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes

Five lymphatic neoplasms with strong focal acid phosphatase reactivity were selected from a group of acute lymphocytic leukemias and lymphoblastic lymphomas. All five cases showed an anterior mediastinal mass and exhibited identical morphology. This type of lymphoma has been described by Lukes under the term "malignant lymphoma of convoluted lymphocytes". Analysis of surface membrane receptors revealed that the tumor cells lacked surface immunoglobulin and receptors for Fc-fragment, but possessed receptors for complement (C3), untreated SRBC (ES) and SRBC treated with neuraminidase (ESN). By applying a mixed rosette assay using nucleated chicken erythrocytes coated with antibodies and C3, and denucleated ESN, it was found that a considerable number of tumor cells in all five cases formed mixed rosettes, i.e. that they bore the C3 receptor characteristic of B cells and simultaneously the E receptor characteristic of T cells. Thus the tumor cells resembled immature thymocytes of 10-15 weeks' gestation, which also show focal acid phosphatase reactivity and simultaneous expression of C3 and E receptors.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Cell Nucleus; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; T-Lymphocytes

Lysosomal acid phosphatase was assayed in homogenates of isolated normal and B cell type chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) T and B lymphocytes by biochemical means. Unlike the results of cytochemical studies reported in the literature enzyme activity was considerably higher in normal B lymphocytes than in corresponding T cells. This finding offers the possibility to use acid phosphatase as a marker for normal B lymphocytes. The diminution of acid phosphatase in unseparated B-CLL lymphocytes depends predominantly upon a loss of enzyme activity in the B cell fraction indicating an intrinsic abnormality of these neoplastic lymphocytes.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Cell-Free System; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lysosomes; Methods; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Humans; Hydrolases; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; Lysosomes; T-Lymphocytes

In six patients with acute leukemia (about 2% of the patients referred for acute lymphoblastic leukemia) the blast cells invading bone marrow and blood showed all the cytologic, cytochemical, and electron microscopy features of Burkitt's tumor cells. The presence of monoclonal surface immunoglobulins (their synthesis being proved by in vitro culture experiments), the binding of IgG aggregates, and the absence of rosette formation with sheep red cells documented the monoclonal B-cell origin of these blast cells which is in sharp contrast to the findings in common acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The course of the disease was usually rapidly fatal without chemotherapy-induced remission.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Antibody Specificity; Binding Sites, Antibody; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Marrow Examination; Burkitt Lymphoma; Erythrocytes; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immune Adherence Reaction; Immune Sera; Immunoglobulin Fragments; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; Male; Periodic Acid; Peroxidases; Sheep; Staining and Labeling; Trypsin

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Humans; Immune Adherence Reaction; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Staining and Labeling; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Peroxidase; Phospholipids

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Child; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Microscopy, Electron; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Acid Phosphatase; Arylsulfatases; Cell Line; Child; Galactosidases; Glucosidases; Glucuronidase; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lysosomes; Malate Dehydrogenase; Mitochondria; Succinate Dehydrogenase

A transplantable mouse lymphoblastic tumor with unusual azurophilic granules has been recently reported. The present tumor has been studied with Gomori and Novikoff methods for lysosomal marker, acid phosphatase. By electron microscopy enzyme was found in granules surrounded by single or double membrane, which displayed a wide morphologic range appearing as 1. vesicular, 2. multivesicular, 3. compound, 4. granular and 5. tubular bodies. The occurrence and the amount of enzyme activity in the granules appeared dependent on their morphology. It was least in vesicular bodies and most in granular organelles, characteristically at their periphery. Since the present tumor, labelled C3HST4, is an unusual rich source of azurophilic granules, it might be useful for further studies of lysosomal bodies. Their functions are poorly understood. Similar structures have been observed in normal human lymphocytes and those from chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cytoplasmic Granules; Golgi Apparatus; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma; Lysosomes; Membranes; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Microscopy, Electron; Neoplasms, Experimental

Over 20 cytoenzymochemical tests were carried out in 152 patients with different types of acute leukemia to estimate the effects of some antiblastic drugs such as L-asparaginase, Purinethol, Methotrexate, Endoxan, Vinchristine, Cytosine Arabinoside a.o. The patients selected for the study were carefully examined before treatment at different moments during and/or at the end of the treatment. The effects of these drugs on the blast cells were mild when the cellular populations had a low rate of nucleic acid synthesis, high glycogenic score and high amounts of lipids or an important oxidative enzymatic activity. The enzymatic prediction tests: the acid phosphate deviation test and the succinic dehydrogenase inhibition test including the variant suggested by some of the authors - the latic dehydrogenase inhibition test - gave satisfactory results only in certain cases of acute leukemia.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antineoplastic Agents; DNA; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Prognosis; RNA; Succinate Dehydrogenase

The author examined the enzymic content of lymphocytes and the changes, which occurred after stimulation with phytohemaglutinins (PHA). There was a difference in the reaction of lymphocytes in healthy persons, in patients with virus diseases and in persons with malignant lympholeucosis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Cells, Cultured; Glucuronidase; Humans; Influenza, Human; Lectins; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukocytes; Lymphocyte Activation; Time Factors

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Asparaginase; Blood Cells; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Esterases; Glucocorticoids; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Inclusion Bodies; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Mitochondria; Oxidoreductases; Periodic Acid; Peroxidases; Prognosis; Schiff Bases; Staining and Labeling; Vincristine

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Cytoplasm; Dermatitis, Exfoliative; Glucuronidase; Humans; Keratoderma, Palmoplantar; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukocyte Count; Lymphatic Diseases; Lymphocytes; Syndrome

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Esterases; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Monoamine Oxidase; Multiple Myeloma; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neuroblastoma; Plasmacytoma; Sarcoma, Ewing

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cell Count; Cell Line; Cell Membrane; Cell Separation; Cell Survival; Culture Media; Dextrans; Electrophoresis; Galactosidases; Hemoglobins; Hexosaminidases; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Mice; Polyethylene Glycols; Time Factors; Tritium

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Child, Preschool; Glycogen; Humans; Infant; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lipids; Lymphatic Diseases; Peroxidases

The PAS and acid phosphatase reactions showed a different pattern of positivity in the cells of lymphoproliferative disorders according to their B or T cell nature. In B-cell leukaemias (chronic lymphocytic and prolymphocytic) a low proportion of lymphocytes gave a positive result with the acid phosphatase reaction, while the majority were PAS positive in granular form. In contrast, in the T-prolymphocytic and T-lymphoblastic leukaemias the acid phosphatase reaction was positive in the majority of cells, while the PAS reaction was only positive in a minority. The significance of these findings, particularly for the recognition of a distinct T-cell variant of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, is discussed.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; B-Lymphocytes; Cell Count; Cell Membrane; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Male; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Female; Fluorouracil; Leukemia, Experimental; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Liver; Lysosomes; Mice; Mice, Inbred A; Neoplasm Transplantation; Organ Size; Spleen

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Monophosphate; Edetic Acid; Freezing; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Magnesium; Nucleotidases; Solubility; Tartrates

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cat-Scratch Disease; Glucuronidase; Hexosaminidases; Humans; Infectious Mononucleosis; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Muramidase; Rats; Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Glucuronidase; Humans; Lectins; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Lysophosphatidylcholines; Lysosomes; Thymidine; Tritium

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukocyte Count; Lysosomes; Malate Dehydrogenase; Microscopy, Electron

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Cell Nucleus; Concanavalin A; Cytoplasm; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lectins; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Lysosomes; Microscopy, Electron

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Cells, Cultured; Concanavalin A; Humans; Lectins; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Lysosomes; Microscopy, Electron; Mitogens; Thymidine; Tritium

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cell Fractionation; Female; Leukemia, Experimental; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Liver; Lysosomes; Mice; Neoplasm Transplantation; Time Factors; Transplantation, Homologous

Alterations for acid and alkaline phosphatase levels and their pattern of splenic and lymph node activity in normal and virus-induced lymphoblastic leukemia were studied. Enzyme levels were examined by using both cytochemical and biochemical procedures. The GC leukemia virus, a ribonucleic acid murine virus antigenically related to the Rauscher-Moloney viruses, was used to stimulate acid and alkaline phosphatase by producing lymphomaceous disease in Ha/ICR mice. With the Burstone and Gomori cytochemical procedures, both enzymes were found in higher than normal levels in lymphomaceous spleen and lymph nodes. Confirmation of the cytochemical studies was obtained by enzyme assay of cell-free homogenates in each case with the exception of spleen acid phosphatase. The discrepancy between the cytochemical tests which showed significant elevation of spleen acid phosphatase and the enzyme assays which failed to reveal such elevation could be due to a labile acid phosphatase isozyme which is lost on cellular disruption during homogenate preparation. A significant spleen alkaline phosphatase specific activity elevation above normal was found with a 50% incidence only when leukemic spleen wet weight increased nearly threefold its normal value. This result suggests that alkaline phosphatase elevation is a secondary event occuring after the onset of disease and is not a fundamental metabolic alteration concerned with the onset of murine lymphoblastic leukemia.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Cell-Free System; Female; Histocytochemistry; Leukemia Virus, Murine; Leukemia, Experimental; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymph Nodes; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Organ Size; Spleen; Staining and Labeling; Tissue Extracts

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Esterases; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lectins; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Multiple Myeloma; Peroxidases; Sarcoma

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Lymphocytes; Microscopy, Electron; Mitochondria; Monocytes; Peroxidases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Cell Fractionation; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Monocytes; Muramidase; Neutrophils; Phagocytosis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Marrow; Esterases; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; Lymphocytosis; Reticulocytes; Skin; Skin Manifestations

A cytochemical study of the lysosomal enzyme beta-glucuronidase in 60 cases of acute leukaemia has shown a qualitative difference in the cytoplasmic distribution of the enzyme between blast cells of the lymphoid and myeloid cell series. This difference provides a useful additional method for cytochemical classification of cell type and is superior in this respect to the other lysosomal enzymes studied (aryl sulphatase and acid phosphatase). The beta-glucuronidase reaction is recommended in those cases of acute leukaemia in which the periodic acid-Schiff reaction is negative or equivocal.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Cells; Child; Child, Preschool; Cytoplasm; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lysosomes; Middle Aged; Staining and Labeling; Sulfatases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Chronic Disease; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Esterases; Hepatitis A; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Infectious Mononucleosis; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphatic Diseases; Lymphatic System; Lymphocytes; Methods; Monocytes; Naphthols; Peroxidases; Reticulocytes; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Asparaginase; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Carcinoma; Depression, Chemical; Esterases; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytes; Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid; Lymphatic Diseases; Multiple Myeloma; Peroxidases; Stimulation, Chemical

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adolescent; Alkaline Phosphatase; Antineoplastic Agents; Autopsy; Biopsy; Bone Marrow Cells; Esterases; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Kidney; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukocyte Count; Leukopenia; Liver; Liver Function Tests; Lymph Nodes; Monocytes; Peroxidases; Time Factors

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Diagnosis, Differential; Electrophoresis, Disc; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukocytes; Lymphatic Diseases; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Tartrates

Topics: Acetylesterase; Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Diagnosis, Differential; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Neutrophils

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Lymphoma; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Myeloma; Muramidase; Sarcoidosis; Seasons

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Blood Platelets; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Electrophoresis, Disc; Fluorides; Gaucher Disease; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Lymphatic Diseases; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Molecular Weight; Monocytes; Nitrophenols; Polycythemia Vera; Staining and Labeling; Tartrates

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukocytes; Male; Neutrophils; Steroids

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Periodic Acid; Peroxidases; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Cytoplasmic Granules; Esterases; Glucosyltransferases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Periodic Acid; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Proteins; Culture Techniques; Female; Glucuronidase; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Infectious Mononucleosis; Lectins; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma, Follicular; Lysosomes; Malate Dehydrogenase; Male; Middle Aged; Plasmacytoma; Sarcoidosis; Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Blood Proteins; Culture Techniques; DNA; Female; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lectins; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Lysosomes; Malate Dehydrogenase; Male; Middle Aged; Stimulation, Chemical; Thymidine; Tritium

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Culture Techniques; Esterases; Glycogen; Humans; Lectins; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Blood Cell Count; Bone Marrow Examination; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Male; Methylprednisolone; Middle Aged; Vincristine

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Culture Techniques; Esterases; Glycogen; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Lectins; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Blood Proteins; Chlorambucil; Glucuronidase; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Lectins; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Lysosomes; Malate Dehydrogenase; Prednisone

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Diagnosis, Differential; Erythrocytes; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Polycythemia Vera; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adolescent; Alkaline Phosphatase; Esterases; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lymphocytes; Male; Peroxidases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antibodies; Glucuronidase; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; Lymphocytosis; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Bone Marrow Examination; Child; Cytoplasmic Granules; Diagnosis, Differential; DNA; Female; Glycosaminoglycans; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Inclusion Bodies, Viral; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Microscopy, Electron; RNA

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Chromatography; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukocytes; Peroxidases; RNA

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Anemia; Anemia, Aplastic; Azo Compounds; Blood Cells; Bone Marrow Cells; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Multiple Myeloma; Mycosis Fungoides; Neoplasms; Polycythemia Vera; Sarcoma