acid-phosphatase and Keratitis

Previous experimental studies have shown that extended-wear contact lens usage results in a centripetal migration of Langerhans cells from the conjunctiva into the central cornea. To test the consequences of this, Langerhans cells were induced into the cornea before Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in BALB/c mice that are normally resistant (the cornea heals) and in C57BL/6 mice that are susceptible (the cornea perforates) to bacterial challenge.. Mean clinical scores, slit lamp examination, adenosine diphosphatase (ADPase), and acid phosphatase staining as well as immunostaining with DEC-205, B7-1, CD4, and interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) antibodies and histopathologic, RT-PCR, and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) analyses were used to examine the effects on bacterial disease after polystyrene bead induction of Langerhans cells into the cornea before bacterial challenge.. No difference in disease response was observed in bead- versus sham-treated C57BL/6 mice after bacterial infection; however, significant differences leading to corneal perforation were seen in BALB/c mice that included an increased number of Langerhans cells in the central cornea at 1 and 6 days after infection, an increased number of B7-1+ (mature) Langerhans cells at 6 days after infection, CD4+ and IL-2R+ T cells at 5 days after infection, enhanced DTH, and increased mRNA levels for IFN-gamma in cornea and cervical lymph nodes. Alternately, levels of IL-4 were significantly higher in the cornea and cervical lymph nodes of sham- versus bead-treated animals.. These data provide evidence that Langerhans cells are critical in the innate immune response to P. aeruginosa and provide new information regarding the mechanisms governing resistance versus susceptibility to bacterial infection with this opportunistic pathogen.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Antigens, CD; Apyrase; B7-1 Antigen; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cornea; Eye Infections, Bacterial; Female; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-4; Keratitis; Langerhans Cells; Lectins, C-Type; Membrane Glycoproteins; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; Models, Animal; Pseudomonas Infections; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, Interleukin-2; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger

In rabbits inflammation of the cornea was induced by intrastromal injection of horse serum. Between 2 and 4 weeks after injection, infiltration of the cornea with leukocytes and neovascularization could be observed. During this period, the rabbits were killed and their corneas analyzed for protein, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, and lactate dehydrogenase. The enzyme activities in the inflamed corneal stroma reflect the high lysosomal activity, which probably originates from the leukocytes. The enzyme activities in the epithelium indicate that the tissue is abnormal and undergoing repair processes.

Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cornea; Horses; Immune System Diseases; Immunization; Indomethacin; Keratitis; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Rabbits

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acridine Orange; Cornea; Corneal Diseases; Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary; Corneal Opacity; Humans; Keratitis; Lysosomes

Canine adenovirus-type 1 (CAV-1)-antibody complexes caused severe anterior uveitis with corneal edema ("blue eye") when injected into the anterior chamber of normal dogs. The response of the anterior uvea to such immune complexes (IC) was similar to the spontaneously occurring disease. In the presence of complement (C'), IC caused release of neutrophile chemotactic factors. Following phagocytosis of IC-C' leukocytes released lysosomal enzymes, as indicated by the presence of acid phosphatase in the surrounding medium. Membrane bound viral aggregates, presumably IC, were common in neutrophiles and in macrophages that had infiltrated the anterior chamber of opaque eyes that occurred after intravenous (IV) inoculation with attenuated CAV-1. These data were incorporated into a postulated scheme for the pathogenesis of CAV-1 uveitis with corneal edema.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Antigen-Antibody Complex; Antigens, Viral; Chemotaxis; Complement Fixation Tests; Complement System Proteins; Cornea; Dogs; Eye Diseases; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Hepatitis, Infectious Canine; Keratitis; Leukocytes; Lysosomes; Macrophages; Neutrophils; Uveitis

Topics: Acanthosis Nigricans; Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Child, Preschool; Dermatitis, Exfoliative; Erythema; Esterases; Follow-Up Studies; Glucuronidase; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Keratitis; Male; Nucleotidases; Skin