acid-phosphatase and Hypothyroidism

Recent studies have pointed to potentially periodontal risk indicators, however no information is available on the impact of changes in thyroid hormone levels on the progression of periodontitis and on the quality of alveolar bone. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate histologically, in rats, the influence of thyroid hormones on the rate of periodontal bone loss resulting from ligature placement and on the quality of tooth-supporting alveolar bone.. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: healthy (control, n = 12), hypothyroidism (n = 12) and hyperthyroidism (n = 12). Once alterations were confirmed by total serum levels of triiodothyronine and thyroxine, ligatures were randomly placed around one of the first mandibular molars. Thirty days later, the animals were killed and specimens routinely processed for serial decalcified sections. The parameters assessed were periodontitis-related bone loss, quality of tooth-supporting alveolar bone and the number of cells positive for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), a marker of bone resorption.. At the ligated sites, intergroup analysis revealed that hypothyroidism significantly increased the bone loss resulting from ligature-induced periodontitis (p = 0.02) and the number of TRAP-positive cells on the linear surface of bone crest (p = 0.01). In addition, no significant differences were detected regarding the quality of the bone (p = 0.24) or the number of TRAP-positive cells in the area of the interradicular bone for ligated teeth among the groups (p = 0.17).. It may be concluded that decreased serum levels of thyroid hormones may enhance periodontitis-related bone loss, as a function of an increased number of resorbing cells, whereas the tooth-supporting alveolar bone seems to be less sensitive to alterations in hormone levels.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alveolar Bone Loss; Alveolar Process; Animals; Biomarkers; Bone Density; Disease Progression; Furcation Defects; Gingivitis; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Isoenzymes; Male; Periodontitis; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Thyroid Hormones; Thyroxine; Triiodothyronine

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of several bone diseases characterized by an imbalance between bone resorption and formation. The aim of the study was to estimate serum markers of bone turnover: osteoclast-derived tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase form 5a (TRACP 5b) and osteocalcin in IL-6-deficient mice to assess the role of IL-6 in bone metabolism in hypothyroidism in mice. C57BL/6J (wild-type; WT) and C57BL/6J(IL6-/-Kopf) (IL-6 knock-out; IL6KO) mice randomly divided into 4 groups with 10 in each one: 1/ WT mice in hypothyroidism (WT-ht), 2/ WT controls, 3/ IL6KO mice with hypothyroidism (IL6KO-ht) and 4/ IL6KO controls. Experimental model of hypothyroidism was induced by intraperitoneal injection of propylthiouracyl. The serum levels of TRACP 5b and osteocalcin were determined by ELISA. Serum concentrations of TRACP 5b (median and interquartile ranges) were significantly decreased in both groups of mice with hypothyroidism: WT (3.2 (2.5-4.7) U/l) and IL6KO (2.6 (1.8-3.5) U/l) as compared to the respective controls. Similarly, serum osteocalcin levels were significantly reduced in both groups of mice in experimental hypothyroidism: WT (25.8 (23.0-28.2) ng/ml) and IL6KO (21.5(19.0-24.6) ng/ml) in comparison to the respective controls. There were no significant differences in bone turnover markers between IL6KO and WT mice both in hypothyroid and control animals. The results of the present study suggest that IL-6 does not play an important role in bone turnover in both euthyroid and hypothyroid mice.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Biomarkers; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Densitometry; Female; Genotype; Hypothyroidism; Interleukin-6; Isoenzymes; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Osteocalcin; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Thyroid Gland

The influence of hypothyroidism in the adult rat on brain biochemistry was investigated. Hypothyroidism was induced in 6-month-old male rats by partial thyroidectomy coupled with the administration of 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (0.005%, w/v) in the drinking water. Age-matched euthyroid males served as the controls. Hypothyroidism resulted in brain region-specific changes in certain catabolic enzyme activities. Acid phosphatase activity was reduced in the cerebellum (by 34%) and the medulla (by 38%), whereas alkaline phosphatase activity was decreased in the midbrain (by 37%) and the subcortex (by 49%). A differential response was also observed in the case of aryl sulphatase activity: aryl sulphatase A (myelin-degradative activity) was diminished in the cerebellum (by 56%), whereas aryl sulphatase B remained unchanged in all regions. Acetylcholine esterase activity was reduced in the cerebellum (by 45%), the medulla (by 34%) and the subcortex (by 45%), whereas monoamine oxidase activity was affected in only one region, the cerebellum, where it was increased by (61%). The compromise of myelin and neurotransmitter degradative enzyme activities may place severe restrictions on normal brain function. The vulnerability of the adult rat cerebellum to the effects of thyroidectomy is commensurate with the known clinical signs of cerebellar dysfunction in adult hypothyroid man. These findings raise the possibility of an important role for the thyroid hormones in the mature brain.

Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Brain; Cerebellum; Cerebroside-Sulfatase; Chondro-4-Sulfatase; Disease Models, Animal; Hypothyroidism; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Thyroidectomy

In patients with primary hypothyroidism a decrease of activity of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase and an increase of arylsulphatase activity were found in cytochemical investigations of peripheral blood neutrophils. In the group of patients a decrease was also observed of the value of indices of spontaneous and stimulated nitroblue tetrazolium reduction. In patients with primary hypothyroidism a number of abnormalities may develop manifesting themselves as changed outfit of the neutrophils with lysosomal enzymes, and weakening may occur in these cells of redox processes evaluated by the test with nitroblue tetrazolium. The presence of the above mentioned features in the neutrophils may be interpreted as a part of metabolic and functional disturbances in the tissues of various organs in patients with hypothyroidism.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Arylsulfatases; Female; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Nitroblue Tetrazolium

Chemically induced hypothyroidism changes the functions of rat alveolar macrophages. Treatment of female rats with an anti-thyroid drug, methimazole (1% aqueous solution in drinking water for 6 weeks) significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced the ability of alveolar macrophages (MAM) to phagocytose and kill the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Undigested yeasts were observed in phagolysosomes within MAM using transmission electron microscopy. The activities of the lysosomal enzymes, acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase, and the Fc receptor binding ability for immunoglobulin G, were lowered in MAM when compared with control macrophages (CAM). MAM also produced less tumor necrosis factor under the stimulation of lipopolysaccharide.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Female; Glucuronidase; Hypothyroidism; Immunoglobulin G; Lysosomes; Macrophages; Methimazole; Microscopy, Electron; Phagocytosis; Pulmonary Alveoli; Rats; Rats, Inbred Lew; Receptors, Fc; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Lysosomes; Male; Rats; Thyroxine

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Female; Glucuronidase; Glycogen; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; In Vitro Techniques; Leukocyte Count; Male; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidoreductases; Phagocytosis

The mechanism of thyroid action on bone was studied in 15 patients with thyrotoxicosis and 14 patients with hypothyroidism. The patients were studied twice: when they were thyrotoxic or hypothyroid and when they had returned to a euthyroid state. Parameters of bone turnover showed a decrease when hyperthyroid patients became euthyroid: serum calcium (2.51 +/- 0.04 vs 2.38 +/- 0.03 mmol/l, P less than 0.05), acid phosphatase (11.7 +/- 0.7 vs 8.3 +/- 0.4 U/l, P less than 0.01), alkaline phosphatase (124 +/- 11 vs 98 +/- 8 U/l, P less than 0.05), the calcium/creatinine ratio (1.03 +/- 0.31 vs 0.43 +/- 0.07, P less than 0.01) and the hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio in the urine (69.9 +/- 12 vs 20.7 +/- 2.4, P less than 0.01). These parameters showed an increase when hypothyroid patients became euthyroid: serum calcium (2.36 +/- 0.03 vs 2.48 +/- 0.04 mmol/l, P less than 0.01), alkaline phosphatase (60 +/- 4 vs 84 +/- 8 U/l, P less than 0.05) and the hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio in the urine (15.9 +/- 4.3 vs 25.3 +/- 3.2, P less than 0.05). Changes in the calcium regulating hormones, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin and vitamin D metabolites, were not observed when hyperthyroid patients became euthyroid. When hypothyroid patients were treated a decrease in serum levels of 1.25-dihydroxyvitamin D (32.6 +/- 4.6 vs 17.9 +/- 2.5 ng/l, P less than 0.01) was observed. Serum growth hormone levels decreased when hypothyroid patients became euthyroid (4.3 +/- 0.5 vs 2.6 +/- 0.4 mU/l, P less than 0.01). The possible mechanisms of thyroid action on bone are discussed. The presented findings are in accordance with a direct effect of thyroid hormones on bone in thyrotoxicosis. An additional factor could be somatomedin, that might also be involved in changes in bone turnover in hyper- and hypothyroidism.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone and Bones; Calcitriol; Calcium; Creatinine; Female; Growth Hormone; Humans; Hydroxyproline; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Male; Middle Aged; Parathyroid Hormone; Phosphorus; Thyroid Function Tests; Vitamin D

The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not alternations in tumor growth induced by changes in thyroid status were mediated through changes in key enzymes, whose activity is known to be influenced by thyroid hormones. The activities of three lysosomal enzymes (cathepsin B1, cathepsin D, and acid phosphatase) and thymidylate synthetase were measured in implanted mammary tumors as well as in the livers of host animals that were either euthyroid, hypothyroid, or hyperthyroid. Hypothyroidism produced no significant change in enzyme activity in the tumors. Hyperthyroidism, on the other hand, did cause a significant increase in the activity of all lysosomal enzymes in the tumors, but did not affect thymidylate synthetase levels. In the livers of the host animals, hypothyroidism produced a significant decrease in cathepsin B1 and a significant increase in acid phosphatase but did not change cathepsin D or thymidylate synthetase levels. Hyperthyroidism produced a significant increase in all enzymes measured in the livers of the host animals. The significant decrease in tumor weight with hypothyroidism did not correlate with the insignificant changes in the enzymes tested. Similarly, there was no correlation between the significant increase in the enzymes levels found with hyperthyroidism and the insignificant change in tumor weight.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cathepsins; Female; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Liver; Lysosomes; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental; Methyltransferases; Proteins; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Thymidylate Synthase; Thyroid Hormones; Thyroidectomy

Thyroid hormones control the levels of the lysosomal enzymes, cholesterol esterase and hyaluronidase, in rat liver, skeletal muscle and skin. Activities of these enzymes decreased to approximately 40-50% of normal levels in liver cell fractions, skeletal muscle homogenates and skin homogenates from thyroidectomized rats. Treatment of hypophysectomized rats with L-triiodothyronine increased the activities of cholesterol esterase and hyaluronidase approximately 2-fold in liver cell fractions. The low levels of hyaluronidase and cholesterol esterase in thyroidectomized rats may account for the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides in skin and for the elevation of serum cholesterol levels in hypothyroid patients.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Arteriosclerosis; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Enzyme Activation; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; Hypercholesterolemia; Hypophysectomy; Hypothyroidism; Lysosomes; Male; Myxedema; Rats; Sterol Esterase; Thyroid Gland; Triiodothyronine

Influence of thyroid hormones on splenic activities and the role of the spleen during pregnancy were not known. The present study revealed that increased enzyme activities of spleen are associated with pregnancy, and hypothyroidism during gestation led to decreased activities, indicating that the thyroid gland influences them.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Female; Hypothyroidism; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Spleen

Electron microscopic studies of the liver of thyroidectomized rabbits were carried out. Ultrastructural changes in hepatocytes at various periods after the operation were established. Morphological changes in hepatic cells occurred already at early stages of hypothyrosis (1 month) and led to considerable dystrophyc processes at later stages of the experiment. In the hepatic tissue there was noted a marked myxedema, as well as a considerable intracellular edema which led to destruction of hepatocytes. The studies conducted revealed lesion of the morphological structure of the liver, impairment of general metabolic processes and of the hepatic function.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Cytoplasm; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Glycogen; Hypothyroidism; Lipids; Liver; Microscopy, Electron; Mitochondria, Liver; Rabbits; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Brain; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glucuronidase; Hypothyroidism; Lysosomes; Male; Microsomes; Mitochondria; Propylthiouracil; Rats; Synaptosomes; Thyroid Gland; Thyroidectomy; Thyroxine

Activity of alkaline and acid phosphatase was determined by the method of Bodansky in blood serum, homogenates of liver, kidney, lung, brain, liver mitochondrial fraction of normal, methylthiouracil-induced hypothyroid, and Thyroideum-induced hyperthyroid rats. The following results were obtained: an increase in both enzymes in all studied materials in hyperthyroidism, and a decrease in most of the studied materials in hypothyroidism.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Brain; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Lung; Male; Methylthiouracil; Mitochondria, Liver; Rats; Thyroid Hormones

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Hypothyroidism; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Rats

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Brain; Hypothyroidism; Kidney; Liver; Lung; Male; Myocardium; Rats

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Histocytochemistry; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Methylthiouracil; Rats; Stomach

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alcohols; Animals; Body Weight; Caseins; Cell Fractionation; Colon; Esterases; Esters; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Iodine; Iodoproteins; Liver; Lysosomes; Male; Oxidoreductases; Palmitic Acids; Rats; Spectrophotometry; Sulfatases; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland; Ultraviolet Rays; Vitamin A

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Child; Glucosidases; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Leukocytes; Liver; Muscles; Myocardium; Rats; Thyroxine

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Goiter; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Hypothyroidism; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Pituitary Gland; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Rats