acid-phosphatase and Hypertrophy

Clinical and experimental studies suggest that prenatal exposure to stress can impact the growth and development of offspring. The effect of prenatal exposure to constant light, applied as a chronic stressor, on endochondral ossification of the tibiae of 3-day-old and 15-day-old pups was histomorphometrically evaluated. Pregnant rats were divided into 2 groups: mothers chronically exposed to a 12:12-hour light/light cycle (LL) and control mothers maintained on a 12:12-hour light/dark cycle on days 10-20 of pregnancy. On postnatal days 3 and 15, the pups were weighed and euthanized. The tibiae were resected and histologically processed to obtain sections for hematoxylin and eosin staining (HE) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) histochemistry, in order to perform histomorphometric determinations. The data were statistically analyzed. A significant decrease in hypertrophic cartilage thickness was observed in the tibiae of the 3-day-old (LL: 0.134 ± 0.02 vs.. 0.209 ± 0.023 mm; p < 0.01) and 15-day-old (LL: 23.32 ± 3.98 vs.. 22.96 ± 1.93 mm; p < 0.05) prenatally stressed pups. The subchondral bone volume was significantly lower in the tibiae of the 3-day-old LL pups (38.83 ± 6.14%) than in the controls (62.83 ± 10.67%; p < 0.01). The decrease in subchondral bone volume and hypertrophic cartilage thickness shows that the normal growth process of the tibia is impaired in prenatally stressed pups.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Body Weight; Cartilage; Female; Hypertrophy; Isoenzymes; Light; Organ Size; Osteogenesis; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats, Wistar; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Tibia

Studies were undertaken to find out the effects of low frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) in adjuvant induced arthritis (AIA) in rats, a widely used model for screening potential therapies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). AIA was induced by an intradermal injection of a suspension of heat killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (500 mug/0.1 ml) into the right hind paw of male Wistar rats. This resulted in swelling, loss of body weight, increase in paw volume as well as the activity of lysosomal enzymes viz., acid phosphatase, cathepsin D, and beta-glucuronidase and significant radiological and histological changes. PEMF therapy for arthritis involved optimization of three significant factors, viz., frequency, intensity, and duration; and the waveform used is sinusoidal. The use of factorial design in lieu of conventional method resulted in the development of an ideal combination of these factors. PEMF was applied using a Fransleau-Braunbeck coil system. A magnetic field of 5 Hz x 4 muT x 90 min was found to be optimal in lowering the paw edema volume and decreasing the activity of lysosomal enzymes. Soft tissue swelling was shown to be reduced as evidenced by radiology. Histological studies confirmed reduction in inflammatory cells infiltration, hyperplasia, and hypertrophy of cells lining synovial membrane. PEMF was also shown to have a membrane stabilizing action by significantly inhibiting the rate of release of beta-glucuronidase from lysosomal rich and sub-cellular fractions. The results indicated that PEMF could be developed as a potential therapy in the treatment of arthritis in humans.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arthritis, Experimental; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Body Weight; Cathepsin D; Diclofenac; Edema; Electromagnetic Fields; Foot; Glucuronidase; Hindlimb; Hyperplasia; Hypertrophy; Lysosomes; Male; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Synovial Membrane

Graded compensatory renal growth was induced either by unilateral (UNX) or 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6-NX). Over the experimental period of 16 weeks, kidney weight increased by 59% in SHAM animals, while the remaining kidney in UNX rats more than doubled its initial weight. The hypertrophic response was most pronounced in the remnant kidney after 5/6-NX with a four fold increment in kidney weight. Morphologically glomerular volume increased moderately after UNX (+27%), while 5/6-NX was associated with marked glomerular hypertrophy (+87%). Significant focal sclerosis was found in 11% of glomeruli in the remaining kidney after UNX. By contrast 83% of glomeruli wre sclerosed in the remnant kidney after 5/6-NX. In parallel, there was a significant increase in the glomerular protein/DNA ratio (+23%) in 5/6-NX but not in UNX animals. These glomerular alterations were associated with lower glomerular cysteine and metalloproteinase activities (collagenase, -57%; gelatinase, -49%) in 5/6-NX rats, while UNX rats had normal glomerular proteinase activities. In terms of tubular proteinases, cathepsin activities were significantly lower in UNX rats (cath. L+B, -38%; cath. B, -37%; cath. H, -27%) and more so after 5/6-nephrectomy (cath. L+B, -72%; cath. B, -73%; cath. H, -73%), while metalloproteinase activities were only reduced in 5/6-NX rats (collagenase, -35%; gelatinase, -58%). These findings demonstrate that kidney hypertrophy is associated with reduction in renal proteinase activities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; DNA; Endopeptidases; Extracellular Matrix; Hypertrophy; Kidney Glomerulus; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Male; Organ Size; Proteins; Rats; Rats, Wistar

Enzyme activities in the circulating lymphocytes permit to judge the character of the regenerative process in the lung, and the severity of the patient's condition; it helps in estimating the prognosis and in evaluating the efficacy of the applied therapy. Potassium orotate and Riboxin intensify the regenerative process in the lung undergoing a compensatory-hypertrophic rearrangement, and enhance the functional activity of circulating lymphocytes as participants of the regenerative process and stimulate the oxidation-reduction processes in lymphocytes.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; Humans; Hypertrophy; Inflammation; Inosine Diphosphate; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lung; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Male; Neutrophils; Orotic Acid; Purines; Pyrimidines; Rats; Regeneration; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Uracil

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Humans; Hyperplasia; Hypertrophy; Male; Prostate

Of four patients with palatal myoclonus, three had infarcts resulting from atherosclerosis, and one had cerebral emboli from a left atrial myxoma. Three specimens showed lesions in the brainstem and bilateral hypertrophy of the inferior olivary nuclei; the fourth revealed unilateral olivary changes caused by an infarct in the contralateral dentate nucleus. After incubation for acetylcholinesterase, neuropilar and capillary wall staining were absent or much reduced, but there was increased denisty of reaction product in the neuronal cell bodies and in numerous tortuous dendrites. Methods for acid phosphatase showed strong activity in the dendrites and glomeruloid structures of the diseased olives. Reactions for nonspecific esterase indicated dendritic expansion and reduced staining density in nerve cell bodies, but augmented glial reactivity.

Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adult; Aged; Butyrylcholinesterase; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Cerebral Infarction; Esterases; Female; Humans; Hypertrophy; Male; Middle Aged; Myoclonus; Olivary Nucleus; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Female; Hypertrophy; Intestine, Small; Lipase; Male; Rats; Tetracycline

A histochemical study was performed on the activity of several phosphatases, esterases and oxidoreductases in the immature optic nerve of rabbits undergoing Wallerian degeneration. Unilateral enucleations of the eye bulb were performed on 7 days old animals and the degenerated optic nerves were examined in rabbits, 5, 23, 63 and 173 days afterwards. The following results were obtained: 1. The reactive cells appearing in the immature optic nerve undergoing Wallerian degeneration exhibit distinctly increased activities of many hydrolytic and oxidoreductive enzymes. 2. The histoenzymic pattern of changes displayed by the reactive cells occurring in the immature, degenerating optic nerve is distinct from and bears no relation to that seen in the normally developing optic nerve. 3. The genetic formation contained in the oligodendroglial cells is not the sole factor safeguarding the transformation of immature and mature oligodendroglia into myelinating cells.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Cholinesterases; Esterases; Hypertrophy; Nerve Degeneration; Neuroglia; Optic Nerve; Oxidoreductases; Rabbits; Thiamine Pyrophosphatase; Wallerian Degeneration

We have studied glomerular zone involution in the rat's adrenal gland after a period of hyperfunction brought about by a low-sodium diet. The changes observed in this zone effect those organoids that are more directly involved in steroid genesis; mitochondria, smooth endoplasmic reticulum and liposomes. The Golgi complexes appear very developed, often, showing, a positive acid phosphatase activity. Lysosomes suffered a considerable increase in their number, and carried out their digestive function on liposomes. All those changes discussed here are seen as an accomodation of this zone to the new normofunctional situation.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adrenocortical Hyperfunction; Animals; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Hyperplasia; Hypertrophy; Male; Rats

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Basement Membrane; Collagen; Culture Techniques; Diabetic Nephropathies; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Histological Techniques; Hypertrophy; Kidney; Kidney Glomerulus; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Oxygen Consumption; Protein Biosynthesis; Proteinuria; Rats

Biopsies from non-hypertrophic and hypertrophic scars and from normal skin have been studied histochemically for activities of nicotanamide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase, lactate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, beta-D glucuronidase and alkaline phosphatase. The activities of all enzymes studied except alkaline phosphatase were found to be increased in hypertrophic scars as compared with non-hypertrophic scars and normal skin.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Cicatrix; Glucuronidase; Humans; Hypertrophy; Keloid; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; NADPH Dehydrogenase; Skin

Topics: Abreaction; Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Aroclors; Atrophy; Chromosomes; Epididymis; Hypertrophy; Lysosomes; Male; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Rats; Spermatogenesis; Testis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Age Factors; Alkaline Phosphatase; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hypertrophy; Palate; Palatine Tonsil; Pharynx; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Tonsillitis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Arginine; Castration; Clomiphene; Cyproterone; Estriol; Estrone; Glucuronates; Humans; Hypertrophy; Male; Prostate; Prostatic Diseases; Testis; Testosterone

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Biopsy; Collagen; Demyelinating Diseases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hypertrophy; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leprosy; Macrophages; Microscopy, Electron; Mycobacterium leprae; Myelin Sheath; Nerve Degeneration; Peripheral Nerves; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Schwann Cells; Sural Nerve

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Cicatrix; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hypertrophy; Keloid; NAD; Skin; Wound Healing

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Cerebral Ventricles; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Ependyma; Hypertrophy; Lysosomes; Male; Mesencephalon; Mitochondria; Radiation Effects; Radiation Injuries, Experimental; Rats; Ribosomes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animal Feed; Animals; Bone Diseases, Developmental; Cartilage; Epiphyses; Histocytochemistry; Hypertrophy; Microscopy, Electron; Orotic Acid; Ossification, Heterotopic; Rats; Tibia

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adrenal Glands; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aminoglutethimide; Animals; Atrophy; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Hydrocortisone; Hypertrophy; Lipids; Male; Metyrapone; Nucleotidases; Rats; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Atrophy; Epithelial Cells; Epithelium; Esterases; Gastric Mucosa; Gastritis; Gastroscopy; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase; Hypertrophy; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Metaplasia; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adult; Aged; Alveolar Process; Denture, Complete; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hypertrophy; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Mucosa; Mouth, Edentulous; Periosteum; Sulfhydryl Compounds

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adrenal Glands; Aminoglutethimide; Animals; Azoles; Cell Nucleus; Cytoplasm; Esterases; Follow-Up Studies; Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; Histocytochemistry; Hypertrophy; Karyometry; Lipids; Male; NADP; Oxidoreductases; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Movement; Glycoside Hydrolases; Hexosaminidases; Histocytochemistry; Histological Techniques; Hypertrophy; Macrophages; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Phagocytosis; Photoreceptor Cells; Retina; Retinal Degeneration

Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Body Temperature Regulation; Cytoplasmic Granules; Enzyme Induction; Enzyme Repression; Erythrocytes; Female; Heart Rate; Hibernation; Histocytochemistry; Hypertrophy; Hypothermia, Induced; Iron; Male; Mice; Microscopy; Spleen

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Atrophy; Histocytochemistry; Hypertrophy; Insecta; Microscopy, Electron; Microtubules; Mitochondria, Muscle; Motor Neurons; Muscle Denervation; Muscle Proteins; Muscles; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Autoradiography; Cytoplasm; Electron Transport Complex IV; Esterases; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases; Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hyalin; Hypertrophy; Ichthyosis; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; Keratosis; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Microscopy, Electron; Nevus, Pigmented; Skin; Skin Diseases; Staining and Labeling; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Tritium; Uridine

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase; Female; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; Histocytochemistry; Hypertrophy; Ileum; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestine, Small; Jejunum; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Lipids; Methods; Mucins; Radiation Injuries, Experimental; Rats; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Aminocaproates; Animals; Arthritis; Cartilage, Articular; Chronic Disease; Glucuronidase; Hot Temperature; Hydrolases; Hypertrophy; Inflammation; Injections, Intra-Articular; Leukocytes; Lysosomes; Peptide Hydrolases; Rabbits; Skin; Synovial Membrane

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkylation; Azo Compounds; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Drug Stability; Humans; Hypertrophy; Light; Male; Nitrobenzenes; Prostate; Radiation Effects; Sulfonic Acids; Tartrates; Tryptophan

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Antioxidants; Body Weight; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Depression, Chemical; Diet; DNA; Female; Hypertrophy; Liver; Male; Organ Size; Phenols; Rats; Reproduction; RNA; Sex Factors; Time Factors

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Androgen Antagonists; Animals; Esterases; Feedback; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Histocytochemistry; Hyperplasia; Hypertrophy; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Leydig Cells; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Oxidoreductases; Pregnanes; Rats; Stimulation, Chemical; Testis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Castration; Female; Histocytochemistry; Hypertrophy; Lipids; Male; Pineal Gland; Rats; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocortical Hyperfunction; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Aorta, Thoracic; Arteries; Biological Transport, Active; Blood Pressure; Calcium; Coronary Vessels; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Hyperplasia; Hypertension; Hypertrophy; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Kidney; Malate Dehydrogenase; Male; Mesenteric Arteries; Methods; Organ Size; Potassium; Rabbits; Sodium; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adrenal Glands; Adrenocortical Hyperfunction; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Amides; Animals; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; Hypertrophy; Lipid Metabolism; Male; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Rats; Sulfhydryl Compounds

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Blood; Cell Nucleolus; Cell Nucleus; Chromosomes; Golgi Apparatus; Humans; Hypertrophy; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Mitochondria; Prostatic Neoplasms; Ribosomes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Hypertrophy; In Vitro Techniques; Ischemia; Liver; Liver Circulation; Lysosomes; Male; Rats

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenal Glands; Alkaline Phosphatase; Histocytochemistry; Hyperplasia; Hypertension; Hypertrophy; Norepinephrine; Pathology; Physiology

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenoma; Adrenal Cortex; Adrenal Gland Diseases; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenal Glands; Adrenocortical Hyperfunction; Esterases; Geriatrics; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hyperplasia; Hypertrophy; Lipid Metabolism

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Blood; Humans; Hypertrophy; Male; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acids; Blood; Humans; Hypertrophy; Male; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; Tartrates

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Body Fluids; Breast Neoplasms; Humans; Hypertrophy; Male; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Urine

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Coloring Agents; Humans; Hypertrophy; Male; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Biochemical Phenomena; Blood; Humans; Hypertrophy; Male; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Serum