acid-phosphatase and Hyperplasia

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Bone Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Cervix Uteri; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Diagnosis, Differential; Esterases; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glycogen; Glycosaminoglycans; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hyperplasia; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Neoplasms; Nucleic Acids; Sex Chromatin; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Amylases; Biopsy; Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase; Glutathione Reductase; Humans; Hyperplasia; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Phosphoglucomutase; Prognosis; Prostatic Neoplasms; Ribonucleases

Adenoid basal cell carcinoma (ABC) is considered a rare cervical neoplasm which when present in 'pure' form, uniquely amongst apparently malignant cervical tumours, has never been reported to metastasise or lead to fatal patient outcome. We recently encountered a case of ABC that was morphologically reminiscent of prostatic differentiation, more specifically basal cell hyperplasia of the prostate. Immunohistochemistry was strongly positive for the prostate related marker NKX3.1 in the glandular cells, but there was no expression of prostate specific antigen (PSA) or prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP). However, subsequent review of five additional cervical ABCs demonstrated focal PAP expression in two of four tested cases, and all were NKX3.1 positive. NKX3.1 expression was also demonstrated in the glandular epithelium of 10 additional gynaecological lesions considered to show prostatic differentiation including five cases of cervical ectopic prostatic tissue, three ovarian teratomas with prostatic differentiation, and two vaginal tubulosquamous polyps. We suggest that some lesions traditionally classified as ABC may in fact represent a variant of prostatic differentiation within the cervix, possibly analogous to basal cell hyperplasia of the prostate.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Cell Differentiation; Cervix Uteri; Female; Homeodomain Proteins; Humans; Hyperplasia; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Middle Aged; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Transcription Factors; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

The present study was designed to elucidate the involvement of acid phosphatase (ACP) in metastasis and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as an immediate compensatory alleviation mechanism for energy stress in liver lesions induced by hexachlorocyclohexane in Swiss mice. Animals were continuously exposed to hexachlorocyclohexane (500 ppm) for 2, 4, and 6 months. Neoplastic nodules and tumors developed after continuous exposure for 4 and 6 months, respectively. The distribution pattern of both enzymes markedly varied in neoplastic nodules and tumors. Intense ACP activity was more observed only in sinusoids and blood vessels of neoplastic nodule, whereas an overall increase in ACP activity was observed in the tumor. Noticeably, a significant decline in LDH activity was noted after 2 and 4 months of exposure, whereas LDH in a tumor region showed intense enzymatic activity. The role of acid phosphate in metastasis and LDH in oxidative stress during hepatocarcinogenesis induced by hexachlorocyclohexane has been discussed.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinogens, Environmental; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Nucleus Size; Cell Size; Disease Progression; Down-Regulation; Hexachlorocyclohexane; Hyperplasia; Insecticides; Lactate Dehydrogenases; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Mice; Neoplasm Proteins; Oxidative Stress; Up-Regulation

The investigators report a series of prostatic-type lesions occurring in the lower female genital tract. The cases included a 4.5-cm mass representing hyperplasia of the glandular and stromal tissue of paraurethral Skene gland, a small ectopic prostatic lesion in the vulva, and 4 tubulosquamous vaginal polyps. All lesions were immunopositive for prostate-specific antigen and/or prostatic acid phosphatase. A brief discussion of the earlier published material is included.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers, Tumor; Choristoma; Female; Humans; Hyperplasia; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms, Complex and Mixed; Polyps; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; Urethra; Vaginal Neoplasms; Vulvar Diseases

Studies were undertaken to find out the effects of low frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) in adjuvant induced arthritis (AIA) in rats, a widely used model for screening potential therapies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). AIA was induced by an intradermal injection of a suspension of heat killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (500 mug/0.1 ml) into the right hind paw of male Wistar rats. This resulted in swelling, loss of body weight, increase in paw volume as well as the activity of lysosomal enzymes viz., acid phosphatase, cathepsin D, and beta-glucuronidase and significant radiological and histological changes. PEMF therapy for arthritis involved optimization of three significant factors, viz., frequency, intensity, and duration; and the waveform used is sinusoidal. The use of factorial design in lieu of conventional method resulted in the development of an ideal combination of these factors. PEMF was applied using a Fransleau-Braunbeck coil system. A magnetic field of 5 Hz x 4 muT x 90 min was found to be optimal in lowering the paw edema volume and decreasing the activity of lysosomal enzymes. Soft tissue swelling was shown to be reduced as evidenced by radiology. Histological studies confirmed reduction in inflammatory cells infiltration, hyperplasia, and hypertrophy of cells lining synovial membrane. PEMF was also shown to have a membrane stabilizing action by significantly inhibiting the rate of release of beta-glucuronidase from lysosomal rich and sub-cellular fractions. The results indicated that PEMF could be developed as a potential therapy in the treatment of arthritis in humans.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arthritis, Experimental; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Body Weight; Cathepsin D; Diclofenac; Edema; Electromagnetic Fields; Foot; Glucuronidase; Hindlimb; Hyperplasia; Hypertrophy; Lysosomes; Male; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Synovial Membrane

In a previous report we showed that young rats fed a calcium-free diet for 28 days developed severe hypocalcaemia and showed a significant increase in serum alkaline phosphatase activity. The main histological and cytochemical changes exhibited by these animals in bone of the metaphyseal primary spongiosa were: (1) hyperplasia of osteoblasts, (2) an increase in the frequency of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoblasts apposed to osteoid, and (3) an excessive amount of osteoid tissue. In addition to typical osteoblasts, there was a subpopulation of osteoblast-like cells with coated pits, lysosome-like bodies and large cytoplasmic processes. In the present study, we investigated how the above parameters change when calcium-depleted rats are placed on a normal diet for 7 days. Such a regimen normalized calcium concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity in the serum. The osteoid thickness returned to normal and, in some areas, was fully calcified. Most osteoblasts no longer showed TRAP activity and their ultrastructure was similar to that found in controls. Despite an intense alkaline phosphatase activity, some of them still exhibited a number of macrophagic characteristics. They were TRAP-positive, and showed electron-dense bodies in the cytoplasm facing bone, an abundance of coated pits, calcified spicules impinging on the cell membrane and large processes extending into the mineralized matrix. We concluded that calcium deficiency causes hyperplasia of osteoblasts in primary spongiosa and an increase in expression of TRAP. It also induces changes in their phenotype characterized by the acquisition of macrophagic cellular features. While TRAP activity is normalized by calcium repletion, macrophagic characteristics persist. These results suggest that the osteoblast can modulate its phenotype according to its physiological status.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Calcium; Calcium, Dietary; Extracellular Matrix; Hyperplasia; Hypocalcemia; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Osteoblasts; Rats; Rats, Wistar

Clinically benign, whole untrimmed prostates were obtained from 104 patients at autopsy, completely sectioned, and examined microscopically. The histological and gross findings of the prostate were correlated with premortem prostatic acid phosphatase levels (PAP, enzymatic method, ACA, Dupont Co.) to determine how often carcinoma of the prostate (CAP) affected PAP levels and to identify other findings within the prostate associated with elevated PAP levels. Sixty (58%) prostates did not have CAP, 34 (33%) had CAP smaller than 1 ml in volume, and 10 (10%) had CAP larger than 1 ml in volume. PAP levels were elevated (greater than 1 U/L) in 8 of 60 (13%) prostates without CAP, in 2 of the 34 (6%) prostates with CAP smaller than 1 ml, and in 1 of the 10 (10%) prostates with CAP larger than 1 ml. These differences were not statistically significant. Likewise, a statistically significant correlation between PAP levels and patient age, patient race, severe inflammation, of high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) was not found. However, there was a statistically significant correlation between PAP levels and prostate weight (p < 0.0001). This study suggest that PAP cannot distinguish between patients with clinically undetected CAP and patients without CAP. Furthermore, elevated PAP levels are often not due to metastatic CAP and additional evidence should be present, even in patients with known CAP, before an elevated PAP level is considered to be conclusive evidence of metastatic CAP.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Autopsy; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Hyperplasia; Male; Middle Aged; Organ Size; Predictive Value of Tests; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms

The prostate gland normally secretes neutral mucosubstances that can be detected within the lumina of acini and ducts; adenocarcinomas often produce both acidic and neutral mucins, a feature that has been suggested to be of some diagnostic use. The presence of mucin-filled cells is not, however, a feature of the normal prostate. Over the last few years, we have observed tall, columnar, mucin-secreting cells in a variety of conditions in 12 benign prostates. All cases were stained histochemically for mucin with Mayers' mucicarmine, alcian blue (pH 2.7), and periodic-acid-Schiff with diastase digestion. In four cases, immunoperoxidase stains for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) were performed. Mucin-secreting cells were found in the foci of sclerotic atrophy (n = 5), transitional cell metaplasia (n = 3), basal cell hyperplasia (n = 2), prostatrophic hyperplasia (n = 1), and nodular hyperplasia (n = 1). In all examples, the cells stained intensely with PAS, mucicarmine, and alcian blue. The cells were nonreactive for PSA and PAP in the cases studied. To our knowledge, the presence of tall, columnar, mucin-secreting cells has not been previously described in atrophy or basal cell hyperplasia. These observations expand our appreciation of the histologies that may be seen in the prostate gland; in addition, the recognition of acidic mucin-secreting cells in benign lesions points to the nonspecificity of this finding in the diagnosis of malignancy.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Atrophy; Humans; Hyperplasia; Male; Metaplasia; Mucins; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Diseases

We discuss a 63-year-old man who presented with a metastatic tumor in an inguinal lymph node. By light microscopy, the tumor cells were characterized by a finely granular eosinophilic cytoplasm. A diagnosis of metastatic oncocytic carcinoma was made based on the results of an ultrastructural examination, which showed the cytoplasm of the tumor cells to be filled with mitochondria. Results of immunocytochemical studies showed positive reactivity for prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen. A transurethral resection of the prostate showed an oncocytic adenocarcinoma of the prostate, apparently the first of its kind, which was demonstrated to be the site of origin of the inguinal lymph node metastasis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Adenoma; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Diagnosis, Differential; Eosinophilia; Humans; Hyperplasia; Immunohistochemistry; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Mitochondria; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms

The effects of prolonged exposure to ammonia vapour on the histological pattern and enzymatic activity of the respiratory nasal mucosa of 75 adult male mice were investigated and compared with a control group. In the exposed animals, the nasal epithelial cells showed patches of squamous metaplasia, dysplasia, and even malignant changes in the nose of 2 animals. As regards the histochemical changes, the apical border of epithelial cells showed increased succinic dehydrogenase activity denoting increased energy production. The acid phosphatase activity was also higher, and this seemed to be a constant feature in metaplastic and neoplastic transformation. The alkaline phosphatase activity was detected only in the basal parts of epithelial and goblet cells, which was attributed to an increased activity of basal cells to form a thicker basement membrane. The periodic acid Schiff's reaction was weak in the cilia due to their partial degeneration. Prolonged exposure to ammonia interfered with the normal physiological mucociliary action resulting in accumulation of particulate matter initiating or promoting a neoplastic process.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Air Pollutants, Occupational; Alkaline Phosphatase; Ammonia; Animals; Carboxylesterase; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Energy Metabolism; Epithelium; Hyperplasia; Male; Mice; Nasal Mucosa; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Carcinomas of the rat prostate induced by a single injection of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, and 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl, after sequential treatment with cyproterone acetate and testosterone propionate, were evaluated as potential animal models for prostatic cancer. All ten carcinomas examined were located in the dorsolateral prostate region and did not involve the distal parts of the seminal vesicles and coagulating glands. The incidence of urinary obstruction leading to the animals' death was 6 of 10 rats, and metastases in the lung, abdominal lymph nodes, and/or liver also occurred in 6 of 10 rats. The tumors were invasive adenocarcinomas, showing frequent perineural invasion and a variable degree of differentiation. There were ultrastructural similarities with human prostatic carcinomas, such as intracellular lumina. Plasma acid phosphatase was increased. Enzyme histochemical analysis revealed similarities with the Dunning R3327H and -HI prostatic carcinomas but was not helpful in determining the site of origin of the tumors. The gross and microscopic appearance of the tumors and the observation of preneoplastic lesions exclusively located in the dorsolateral prostate suggest this lobe as site of origin of the carcinomas. Preneoplastic lesions (n = 9) included atypical hyperplasias (n = 5) and lesions with all histological characteristics of carcinoma except for local invasion and metastases, which were classified as carcinoma in situ (n = 4). Although androgen sensitivity could not be assessed, the observed characteristics of the tumors [their long latency time (46-80 weeks), the presence of preneoplastic lesions, and the short duration of the treatment, leaving the animals intact] all indicate that the present approach is a valid animal model for the study of prostatic carcinogenesis.

Topics: 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Aminobiphenyl Compounds; Animals; Carcinoma in Situ; Cell Differentiation; Histocytochemistry; Hyperplasia; Male; Methylnitrosourea; Microscopy, Electron; Neoplasm Metastasis; Precancerous Conditions; Prostatic Neoplasms; Rats

A relative enzymatic index has been developed which differentiates normal, hyperplastic (BPH) and malignant human prostatic tissues. Enzymatic activities have been calculated at Vmax conditions in 10 normal, 14 BPH and 11 carcinoma samples. Five enzymes have been assayed: 1) 5 alpha-reductase, 2) 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase, 3) 3 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase, 4) 17 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase and 5) acid phosphatase. The following observations were made when comparing individual enzymatic activities between the 3 tissue groups: 1) mean 5 alpha-reductase activity was lower in carcinoma than in both normal prostate and BPH (p less than 0.05), 2) mean 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase activities were greater in carcinoma than in BPH (p less than 0.05) and 3) mean acid phosphatase activity was higher in BPH than in both normal prostate and carcinoma (p less than 0.01). The absolute enzymatic activities were then expressed as relative activities by dividing each absolute value by the mean value for that enzyme in normal prostatic tissue. Relative enzymatic activities were used to derive the ratio: (Formula: see text) The mean value of this ratio was statistically different in normal, BPH and carcinoma tissue (p less than 0.01). The mean value was 3.6 times higher in BPH than in normal tissue, and was 3.8 times higher in normal tissue than in carcinoma. This suggests that BPH and carcinoma diverge in opposite directions biochemically from normal prostatic growth and supports histologic evidence that the 2 neoplastic conditions have a different pathogenesis rather than being part of the same disease spectrum.

Topics: 17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; 3-alpha-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (B-Specific); 3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Androgens; Cholestenone 5 alpha-Reductase; Humans; Hyperplasia; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidoreductases; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Reference Values

The deleterious effects of decongestant drops on the respiratory nasal mucosa of guinea pigs were studied histopathologically and histochemically. The histopathological changes included: initial goblet cell hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia, increased vascularity, oedema of the corium, mononuclear cellular infiltration and glandular hyperplasia. The histochemical changes indicated: increased secretory activity, increased phagocytic activity as well as disturbance of the vasomotor response.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Esterases; Guinea Pigs; Hyperplasia; Metaplasia; Nasal Decongestants; Nasal Mucosa; Rhinitis; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Acid phosphatase and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase reaction patterns were evaluated in lymphocytes from patients with a variety of neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions: leukemia, 59; NHL, 53; and reactive follicular hyperplasia, 23. Fifteen individuals with normal peripheral blood were also studied. For both enzymes, statistical analysis showed a strong correlation between a globular reaction pattern and T lymphocytic origin in both non-neoplastic lymph nodes and normal peripheral blood specimens (P less than 0.0001). A similarly strong correlation was found between a granular acid phosphatase pattern and T lymphocytic origin in cell isolated from non-neoplastic lymph nodes (P less than 0.0001) but not in those obtained from normal peripheral blood where this pattern was observed with equal frequency in B, T, and "null" lymphocytes (P = 0.415). A granular alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase pattern was correlated with non-T lymphocytes from normal peripheral blood (P less than 0.0001), but was observed with equal frequency in B, T, and "null" lymphocytes fron non-neoplastic lymph nodes (P = 0.76). In the eight T cell neoplasias studied, a globular pattern was evident in the majority of cells for both enzymes. In the majority of the B cell neoplasias, however, a granular pattern was observed for both enzymes.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hyperplasia; Leukemia; Lymph Nodes; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Rosette Formation; Staining and Labeling; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Bone Neoplasms; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Humans; Hyperplasia; Male; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radioimmunoassay; Time Factors

We compared results by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with those by a standard radioimmunoassay (RIA) for detection and quantitation of prostate-specific acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) in serum. Control subjects, patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, and patients in all four clinical stages of prostatic adenocarcinoma were tested. The upper limit of normal (95% of the population) by the ELISA was 2.0 micrograms/L, and by the RIA was 2.2 micrograms/L. In prostatic adenocarcinoma stage I (not detectable by digital rectal examination), ELISA was slightly more sensitive than RIA, but sensitivity was still relatively low (20%). As tumor mass increased (stages II through IV), the frequency of increased concentrations of prostatic acid phosphatase in serum also increased. We confirmed this increase in circulating enzyme in some cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia and suggest that this finding is related to either acinar cytolysis or an increase in acini size and number. Although prostate-specific acid phosphatase is not a cancer-specific enzyme, we conclude that its measurement may be of considerable value in monitoring prostatic disease.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Aged; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Humans; Hyperplasia; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radioimmunoassay; Reference Values; Time Factors

Regressing atypical histiocytosis (RAH) of skin is a cutaneous noduloulcerative proliferation of atypical neoplastic histiocytes with concomitant polymorphous inflammation, frequently pronounced epidermal hyperplasia, and an unexpectedly indolent biologic course. Spontaneous regression and recurrence without systemic spread were the course in follow-up periods of over six years. Histopathologically, characteristic-appearing atypical mononuclear and multinucleated "RAH" cells showed erythrophagocytosis as well as ultrastructural, surface marker, and enzyme cytochemical features indicating histiocytic differentiation. Cytogenetic analysis showed aneuploidy and several marker chromosomes including 14q+. Its benign biologic course clearly distinguished this entity from malignant histiocytosis, large cell lymphoma, and Hodgkin's disease. The histiocytic atypical cells further distinguished it from the T-cell lesions of the skin, such as mycosis fungoides and lymphomatoid papulosis. This entity is readily confused with malignant lymphoreticular disease, melanoma, or squamous carcinoma.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Cell Differentiation; Child; Chromosome Banding; Cytoplasm; Diagnosis, Differential; Follow-Up Studies; Histiocytes; Humans; Hyperplasia; Lymphatic Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Skin Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Humans; Hyperplasia; Hypertrophy; Male; Prostate

Thirty-six patients with prostatic carcinoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were studied. Transurethral resection (TUR) was performed in all, and serum and tissue ribonuclease (RNase) levels were determined with the spectrophotometric method using yeast RNA as the substrate. In patients with untreated prostatic carcinoma, statistically significant increased RNase levels were found in serum and tissue. Treatment with diethylstilbestrol diphosphate (DESDP) led to a decrease in RNase levels. In the same patients RNase serum levels after DESDP treatments also showed a parallel decrease with serum prostatic acid phosphatase (sPAP) levels. We have concluded that the serum RNase measurement may be useful for TNM classification and immunostaging.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Diethylstilbestrol; Humans; Hyperplasia; Male; Probability; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Ribonucleases

A radioimmunoassay (RIA) method for acid phosphatase detection was compared to a standard enzyme assay using sera from 210 normal volunteers and 285 patients with prostatic disease. Statistical and clinical comparisons were made between defined subgroups. All 55 normal females had RIA detectable serum acid phosphatase, implying that this assay cannot be entirely specific for enzyme of prostatic origin. Urinary catheterization did not affect acid phosphatase levels. In all stages of carcinoma there were more acid phosphatase elevations by the RIA method than enzyme method, but neither assay could differentiate intracapsular cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia. A small number of patients with biopsy proven negative nodules had marginally elevated values, suggesting as obligation for closer follow-up. The RIA method may be superior for monitoring patients with more advanced malignancy. Additional practical advantages of the RIA include relative simplicity and elimination of the special serum handling required for the enzyme assay.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Humans; Hyperplasia; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Staging; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radioimmunoassay

Extracts of human benign prostatic hyperplasia, well-differentiated prostatic adenocarcinoma, and normal post-pubertal prostate stimulate 3H-thymidine incorporation by resting phase cultures of fetal rat osteoblasts and fibroblasts. The stimulation is concentration dependent and reaches a maximum at twenty-four hours of incubation. Prostatic extracts are also mitogenic in cell cultures of newborn human foreskin fibroblasts and the human cell lines, BUD-8 and DoT. The growth-stimulating factor is both heat and trypsin sensitive indicating that the factor is either a protein or contains a protein moiety. The growth-stimulating activity is not related to prostatic polyamine concentration. Experiments also show the activity is not due to human prostatic acid phosphatase. A prostatic growth factor may explain the growth of fibrous nodules in benign prostatic hyperplasia and the osteoblastic response of bone to prostatic cancer.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Hyperplasia; Interleukin-2; Lymphokines; Male; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Rats; Time Factors

Measurements of serum and bone marrow acid phosphatase were made by 3 enzymatic methods, alpha-naphthyl phosphate, beta-glycerol phosphate, and thymolphthalein monophosphate, and ocmpared to a double antibody radioimmunoassay. Serum and bone marrow acid phosphatase levels were studied in 46 controls with histologically proven benign prostatic hyperplasia and in 135 patients with various stages of prostatic carcinoma. In the control group the upper limit for bone marrow acid phosphatase was found to be significantly higher than the corresponding serum limit with respect to the enzymatic assays studied. The radioimmunoassay was the only method suitable for the analysis of the prostatic acid phosphatase content of bone marrow. A larger number of elevations were noted in patients with extracapsular and metastatic disease when prostatic acid phosphatase measurement was carried out by radioimmunoassay as compared to enzymatic methods. However, only 8% of the patients with intracapsular disease had elevations of prostatic acid phosphatase as measured by radioimmunoassay. Additional standardisation of immunological methods and clinical trials is required before comparison can be made of results from various centres using immunological methods for the measurement of prostatic acid phosphatase and a true assessment made of the usefulness of this procedure.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Marrow; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Enzymes; Humans; Hyperplasia; Immunologic Techniques; Male; Methods; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radioimmunoassay

We have studied glomerular zone involution in the rat's adrenal gland after a period of hyperfunction brought about by a low-sodium diet. The changes observed in this zone effect those organoids that are more directly involved in steroid genesis; mitochondria, smooth endoplasmic reticulum and liposomes. The Golgi complexes appear very developed, often, showing, a positive acid phosphatase activity. Lysosomes suffered a considerable increase in their number, and carried out their digestive function on liposomes. All those changes discussed here are seen as an accomodation of this zone to the new normofunctional situation.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adrenocortical Hyperfunction; Animals; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Hyperplasia; Hypertrophy; Male; Rats

In cytological investigations the following forms of cancer of the prostate may be verified: differentiated (clear-cellular and dark-cellular adenocarcinoma); poorly differentiated; and nondifferentiated (microcellular and polymorphic-cellular cancer). In the unchanged epithelium of the prostate there was noted a high activity of acid phosphotase, nonspecific esterase, nonspecific 5'-exonuclease, acid RNA-ase, acid DNA-ase, leucine aminopeptidase, and the absence of activity of alkaline phosphotase, neutral DNA-ase, alkaline RNA-ase. In the cancerous epithelium the activity of leucine aminopeptidase was either drastically decreased or absent altogether; the activity of acid DNA-ase and acid RNA-ase was non-uniform with the tendency to decrease in poorly differentiated tumours. The activity of other investigated enzymes in the cancerous epithelium showed no significant changes. At early stages of development of squamous cell metaplasia in the epithelium there was identified alkaline RNA-ase dissapearing in manifested metaplastic changes.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Alkaline Phosphatase; Cytoplasm; Deoxyribonucleases; Esterases; Exonucleases; Humans; Hyperplasia; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Male; Precancerous Conditions; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Ribonucleases

26 cases of malignant lymphomas and 23 other lymphoreticular conditions were investigated enzyme histochemically. Each type of malignant lymphoma revealed a different enzyme histochemical pattern characteristic of its type. These features are not only applicable to differential diagnosis but also suggest clues to the understanding of histogenesis and nature of malignant lymphomas.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Esterases; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Hyperplasia; Isoenzymes; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Multiple Myeloma; Naphthols

The mononuclear cells in the endometrial stoma change in reactivity for lysosomal hydrolases during the menstrual cycle. Lymphoid follicles may occur in the stroma in any phase of the cycle and have been found in gestational endometrium. However, these cells have no significant lysosomal activity. Alterations in the endometrium are reflected in modified patterns of activity. Endometritis, association with an intrauterine contraceptive device, pregnancy, and adenocarcinoma result in increased numbers and staining intensity of mononuclear cells. In contrast, no consistent changes were apparent in foci of glandular hyperplasia, and decreased staining was seen in atrophic areas of endometrium. These data suggest that interstitial mononuclear cells are a sensitive monitor of morphologic changes in the endometrium.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Atrophy; Endometrial Hyperplasia; Endometritis; Endometrium; Esterases; Female; Galactosidases; Glucuronidase; Hexosaminidases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hydrolases; Hyperplasia; In Vitro Techniques; Intrauterine Devices; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Lysosomes; Menstruation; Pregnancy; Uterine Neoplasms

An experimental histopathological and histochemical work carried out in thirty guinea-pigs of an average weight of 475 gm. receiving oestrogen in the form of ethynyl oestradiol in a dose of 10 microgram/animal/day and aiming at a study of the effects of oestrogen on the respiratory nasal mucosa. The histopathalogical lesions of the respiratory nasal mucosa were in the form of squamous metaplasia and spongiosis of the lining epithelium, with oedema of the underlying corium, glandular hyperplasia submucosal cellular infiltration, increased vascularity and some vascular changes in the form of endothelial proliferation with intimal thickening. Histochemical enzymatic alterations were in the form of increased succinic dehydrogenase activity in the epithelium as well as in the hyperplastic submucous glands, intensified reaction of the acid phosphatase in the cells of the corium, and the appearance of alkaline phosphatase activity in the apical parts of the cells lining the glands, indicating increased secretory activity. All the changes obtained in the histopathological and histochemical studies can be attributed to hormonal stimulation of the nasal mucosa.. The histopathological and histochemical effects of 10 mcg/day of eth inyl estradiol (EE) on the nasal respiratory mucosa were studied in 30 female guinea pigs. Histopathological changes observed after treatment were: 1) squamous metaplasia, 2) spongcosis and edema of the corium, 3) glandular hyperplasia, 4) cellular infiltrations, 5) increased vascularity, and 6) vascular changes in the form of endothelial proliferation with intimal thickening. The observed histochemical changes were: 1) increased succinic dehydrogenase activity in the epithelium and hyperplastic submucous glands, 2) an intensified reaction of acid phosphatase activity in the cells of the corium, and 3) alkaline phosphatase activity in the apical areas of the cells lining the glands. All of the observed changes are attributed to the stimulation of the nasal mucosa by EE.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Esterases; Ethinyl Estradiol; Female; Guinea Pigs; Hyperplasia; Metaplasia; Nasal Mucosa; Nose Diseases; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Acid-phosphatase-rich granules, separate from the parathyroid-hormone-containing secretory granules, have been demonstrated in the normal, adenomatous and primary hyperplastic human parathyroid glands. These granules are thought to represent lysosomes which are derived from the Golgi region. In the normal glands these granules are postulated to be associated with involution of the cell organelles during the normal secretory cycle. In the adenomatous and hyperplastic glands evidence is presented that these lysosomes are associated with the destruction of secretary granules and parthyroid hormone.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenoma; Extracellular Space; Golgi Apparatus; Humans; Hyperplasia; Lysosomes; Parathyroid Diseases; Parathyroid Glands; Parathyroid Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Atrophy; Autoimmune Diseases; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Hyperplasia; Infertility, Male; Lymphocytes; Macrophages; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Organ Size; Phagocytosis; Rats; Spermatozoa; Testis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Epithelial Cells; Epithelium; Glucuronidase; Humans; Hyperplasia; Male; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adrenal Glands; Adult; Aminoglutethimide; Cholesterol; Cushing Syndrome; Female; Humans; Hyperplasia; Male; Organ Size; Oxidoreductases; Time Factors

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Chronic Disease; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hyperplasia; Laryngeal Diseases; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Laryngoscopy; Leukoplakia; Papilloma; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Precancerous Conditions

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cyclophosphamide; DNA; Graft Rejection; Hyperplasia; Rabbits; Skin; Skin Transplantation; Transplantation, Autologous; Transplantation, Homologous

Proteus infection in the rat produces an acute bacterial pneumonia which resolves without necrosis or significant organization within 2 weeks. Ultrastructural changes included widespread damage to type 2 cells and endothelial cells and rapid proliferation of the alveolar epithelial cells, which were the predominant site of labeling with tritiated thymidine. Histochemical staining for lysosomal enzymes showed an initial reduction in type 2 cell reactivity. The majority of proliferating epithelial cells were also unreactive until the normal pattern of staining and morphology returned at 8 to 12 days after infection. The acute inflammatory exudate was reactive, but there was only minimal to moderate staining in the subsequent clusters of alveolar macrophages. These data suggest that resolution with the preservation of the normal architecture of the peripheral airspaces may be correlated with superficial injury and limited reactivity for digestive enzymes.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Autoradiography; Cell Nucleolus; Cell Nucleus; Cytoplasm; Disease Models, Animal; Epithelial Cells; Glucuronidase; Hyperplasia; Lung; Macrophages; Male; Mitochondria; Pneumonia; Proteus Infections; Proteus mirabilis; Pulmonary Alveoli; Rats; Ribosomes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkylating Agents; Aminopeptidases; Esterases; Estradiol; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hyperplasia; Male; Pigments, Biological; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Electron Transport Complex IV; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Histocytochemistry; Hyperplasia; Isoproterenol; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Rats; Salivary Gland Diseases; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Papillary; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Division; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Hyperplasia; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Nasal Mucosa; Neoplasms, Experimental; Nitroso Compounds; Nose Neoplasms; Papilloma; Piperidines; Rats; Thymidine; Tritium

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinogens; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Fluorenes; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Glucuronidase; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Hyperplasia; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Liver Diseases; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Neoplasms, Experimental; Phosphorylase Kinase; Rats; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Age Factors; Aged; Fibroma; Humans; Hyperplasia; Intubation, Intratracheal; Male; Methods; Middle Aged; Prostate; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Prostatitis; Pulmonary Heart Disease; Tartrates; Urinary Catheterization; Urinary Diversion

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adrenal Glands; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Burns; Child; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hyperplasia; Hypothalamus; Methods; Neurosecretion; Pituitary Gland; Shock, Traumatic; Time Factors

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Castration; Cervix Uteri; Epithelium; Estradiol; Female; Hyperplasia; Mice; Mitosis; Uterus; Vagina

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Androgen Antagonists; Animals; Esterases; Feedback; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Histocytochemistry; Hyperplasia; Hypertrophy; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Leydig Cells; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Oxidoreductases; Pregnanes; Rats; Stimulation, Chemical; Testis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Nucleus; Deoxyribonucleases; Histocytochemistry; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hyperplasia; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Liver Regeneration; Male; Methods; Neoplasms, Experimental; p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene; Rats

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Female; Hyperplasia; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Lysosomes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocortical Hyperfunction; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Aorta, Thoracic; Arteries; Biological Transport, Active; Blood Pressure; Calcium; Coronary Vessels; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Hyperplasia; Hypertension; Hypertrophy; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Kidney; Malate Dehydrogenase; Male; Mesenteric Arteries; Methods; Organ Size; Potassium; Rabbits; Sodium; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hyperplasia; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Prostate; Prostatic Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hyperplasia; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Nucleotidases; Prostatic Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenal Glands; Alkaline Phosphatase; Histocytochemistry; Hyperplasia; Hypertension; Hypertrophy; Norepinephrine; Pathology; Physiology

Topics: Abortion, Habitual; Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; DNA; Endometriosis; Endometrium; Female; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hyperplasia; Menopause; Pregnancy; Proteins; RNA

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenoma; Adrenal Cortex; Adrenal Gland Diseases; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenal Glands; Adrenocortical Hyperfunction; Esterases; Geriatrics; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hyperplasia; Hypertrophy; Lipid Metabolism