acid-phosphatase and Hyperparathyroidism

Rapid detection of the exact changes in bone remodelling is exceptionally important. In this paper, the latest bone remodelling biochemical markers are reviewed. Some of them have already been used for a long time, and their utility has been widely demonstrated. The newest ones, in experimental stage, can be used as a complement to the others. The bone remodelling markers reviewed are: 1) Alkaline phosphatase; 2) osteocalcin; 3) other noncollagen of bone matrix such as osteonectin, GLA-protein of the matrix, osteopontine and alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein; 4) Procollagenous and other collagenous peptides of the matrix (C terminal of type I procollagen and urinary elimination of non-dialysis hydroxyproline. Amongst the bone resorption markers studied are: 1) Calcium/creatinine urinary quotient; 2) Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase; 3) Urinary hydroxyproline; 4) Other substance derived from collagen disruption such as hydroxylysine glycoside, piridinolinic intermolecular bridges and the enzymatic activity of proline iminopeptidase. We endeavored to collect all the most important references on the matter, especially those relating to Paget's disease of the bone, primary hyperparathyroidism, tumoral hypercalcemia and postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Biomarkers; Bone Resorption; Child; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hydroxyproline; Hypercalcemia; Hyperparathyroidism; Male; Neoplasms; Osteitis Deformans; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal

Although the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) may each exert skeletal effects, it is uncertain how CaSR and PTH interact at the level of bone in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Therefore, we simulated PHPT with 2 wk of continuous PTH infusion in adult mice with deletion of the PTH gene (Pth(-/-) mice) and with deletion of both PTH and CaSR genes (Pth(-/-)-Casr (-/-) mice) and compared skeletal phenotypes. PTH infusion in Pth(-/-) mice increased cortical bone turnover, augmented cortical porosity, and reduced cortical bone volume, femoral bone mineral density (BMD), and bone mineral content (BMC); these effects were markedly attenuated in PTH-infused Pth(-/-)-Casr(-/-) mice. In the absence of CaSR, the PTH-stimulated expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and PTH-stimulated osteoclastogenesis was also reduced. In trabecular bone, PTH-induced increases in bone turnover, trabecular bone volume, and trabecular number were lower in Pth(-/-)-Casr(-/-) mice than in Pth(-/-) mice. PTH-stimulated genetic markers of osteoblast activity were also lower. These results are consistent with a role for CaSR in modulating both PTH-induced bone resorption and PTH-induced bone formation in discrete skeletal compartments.

Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Bone Marrow Cells; Cells, Cultured; Female; Femur; Gene Expression Regulation; Hyperparathyroidism; Isoenzymes; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; NF-kappa B; Parathyroid Hormone; Porosity; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Receptors, Calcium-Sensing; RNA; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Patients on long-term dialysis may develop secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) with increased serum concentrations of bone resorption markers such as the cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX) and type-5b tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). When SHPT proves refractory to treatment, parathyroidectomy (PTX) may be needed. Renal patients on maintenance HD who received PTX for refractory SHPT (n = 23) or who did not develop refractory SHPT (control subjects; n = 25) were followed prospectively for 4 weeks. Serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), NTX, TRAP, and bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) concentrations were measured serially and correlation analyses were performed. iPTH values decreased rapidly and dramatically. BAP values increased progressively with peak increases observed at 2 weeks after surgery. NTX and TRAP values decreased concurrently and progressively through 4 weeks following PTX. A significant correlation between TRAP and NTX values was observed before PTX but not at 4 weeks after PTX. Additionally, the fractional changes in serum TRAP were larger than those in serum NTX at all times examined after PTX. Serum iPTH, TRAP, and NTX values declined rapidly following PTX for SHPT. Serum TRAP values declined to greater degrees than serum NTX values throughout the 4-week period following PTX.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Biomarkers; Bone Resorption; Collagen Type I; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Isoenzymes; Kidney Diseases; Parathyroidectomy; Peptides; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

This study was carried out in order to evaluate clinical usefulness of cross-linked N-telopeptides (NTx) of type I collagen determination, in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Twenty-six consecutive patients (6 males and 20 females, aged 56.3 +/- 15.0, SD, yrs) with primary hyperparathyroidism were studied in basal conditions and, ten of them, after surgical cure of the disease. Cross-linked collagen peptides were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and conventional markers of bone turnover according to standard procedures. Bone densitometry at the lumbar spine and proximal femur was performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bone mineral density, was also assessed at the junction of the distal and middle third of the radius and at the ultradistal radius of the non-dominant arm by a dual photon densitometer. Mean urinary NTx values (194.2 +/- 121.9 pmoles bone collagen equivalents/mumoles creatinine) were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in respect to those found in normal subjects. The mean increase of Z score values of both serum tartrate resistant acid phosphatase activity (1.4 +/- 1.8) and the fasting hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio (1.45 +/- 2.0) was significantly lower (p < 0.02) in respect to that of NTx Z score values (3.3 +/- 3.3); the latter values were not significantly different than mean Z score values of serum osteocalcin (4.0 +/- 3.9), serum alkaline phosphatase activity (2.6 +/- 2.6) and urinary calcium/creatinine ratio (3.2 +/- 3.3). We found a significant inverse correlation between NTx values and both lumbar spine (p < 0.01) and ultradistal radius bone mineral density (p < 0.05); a modest inverse correlation was also observed between serum tartrate resistant acid phosphatase activity and lumbar spine bone mineral density (p < 0.04). Following successful adenoma removal, the percentage decrease of both NTx and hydroxyproline was similar in patients with increased bone turnover rate; major discrepancies were observed in patients with normal values of NTx, the telopeptide reduction being greater than that of hydroxyproline. Finally, in a hypercalcemic patient with metastatic parathyroid cancer, telopeptide excretion was shown to be more sensitive in respect to urinary hydroxyproline when evaluating the effects of antiresorptive therapy. Our results seem to indicate that amongst the markers with good sensitivity, NTx is the only one that is inversely related with bone mineral density at two different skeletal sites

Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Acid Phosphatase; Adenoma; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Density; Bone Resorption; Calcium; Collagen; Collagen Type I; Creatinine; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; Hydroxyproline; Hyperparathyroidism; Male; Middle Aged; Osteocalcin; Parathyroid Neoplasms; Peptides; Tartrates

Bone loss and the serum markers of bone metabolism were studied in 22 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and 108 patients with renal hyperparathyroidism. The parameters of bone loss were bone mineral density in the distal radius and lumbar vertebrae, measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and bone mass index (sigma GS/D) and the metacarpal index, in the second metacarpal bone, measured by the digital image processing method. Alkaline phosphatase (AIP), intact osteocalcin (OC), and the carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP) were measured as serum markers of bone formation, while tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) and the carboxyterminal pyridinoline cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) were measured as serum markers of bone resorption. Bone loss and elevated markers of bone metabolism were observed both in patients with skeletal symptoms and in those without. Furthermore, the decrease in the cortical bone mass was more predominant than that of the trabecular bone. As markers of bone formation, AIP and OC seemed to be more sensitive than PICP, and as markers of bone resorption, ICTP appeared to be more sensitive than TRACP. Thus, a close correlation was observed between bone loss and the markers of bone formation and resorption.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenoma; Alkaline Phosphatase; Biomarkers, Tumor; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Bone Resorption; Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder; Female; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Isoenzymes; Male; Middle Aged; Osteocalcin; Parathyroid Neoplasms; Procollagen; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

Beta2-microglobulin has been observed to behave as a biological marker of bone remodeling. We measured beta2-microglobulin and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), a specific biological marker of bone remodeling, in 225 women: healthy premenopausal controls, healthy postmenopausal control, and patients with diseases characterized by enhanced bone turnover (postmenopausal osteoporosis, primary hyperparathyroidism, primary hyperthyroidism, polyostotic Paget's bone disease), and in other Paget's group before and after calcitonin treatment. Beta2-microglobulin levels differed significantly between the healthy premenopausal women (n = 20) compared with all the other groups. However, beta2-microglobulin levels did not differ significantly between healthy postmenopausal women (n = 38) and patient's with Paget's bone disease (n = 40)(P = 0.5095), or between women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (n = 30) and women with hyperthyroidism (n = 20)(P = 0.7890). TRAP concentrations differed significantly in all the groups paired except for women with Paget's bone disease and women with either hyperparathyroidism or hyperthyroidism (P = 0.5179 and 0.6993, respectively); likewise, TRAP levels did not differ significantly between the women with hyperparathyroidism and those with hypothyroidism (P = 0.7804). After calcitonin treatment, there was a 22% increase in beta2-microglobulin, a 17% decrease in TRAP, and a 39% decrease in alkaline phosphatase, all of which were significant at P < 0.0001. Our findings indicate that serum beta2-microglobulin, like osteocalcin, behaves as a biological marker of remodeling in a number of diseases with enhanced bone remodeling but not in Paget's bone disease.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; beta 2-Microglobulin; Biomarkers; Bone Remodeling; Female; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Hyperthyroidism; Middle Aged; Osteitis Deformans; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Regression Analysis

We have studied the levels of a new biochemical marker of bone resorption, carboxyterminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP), in 26 healthy control subjects, 15 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and 17 patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (secondary HPT). Levels of ICTP in PHPT and secondary HPT have been correlated with those of serum tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), another biochemical marker of bone turnover, and with serum levels of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH). The ICTP levels of the control group were 2.07 +/- 0.58 micrograms l-1, n = 26, range 1.3-3.2. They were independent of sex and age in the studied age range (30-62 years). The ICTP levels of PHPT patients were 3.5 +/- 3.5 micrograms l-1, mean +/- SD, range 0.5-12.2 micrograms l-1, significantly higher than those of control subjects (p < 0.05). We found a significant linear correlation between values of ICTP and iPTH levels (p < 0.01), between values of ICTP and serum activity of TRAP (p < 0.01) and between iPTH and TRAP levels (p < 0.01) in patients with PHPT. The ICTP levels in patients with secondary HPT were higher than those of patients with PHPT, 46 +/- 37 micrograms l-1, range 12-167 micrograms l-1 (p < 0.001) due to the impaired renal clearance of this peptide. We did not find a significant linear correlation between values of ICTP and iPTH levels in the serum of patients with secondary HPT, although we found a significant correlation between levels of ICTP and levels of TRAP, both biochemical markers of bone turnover.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Bone Resorption; Collagen; Collagen Type I; Female; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Male; Middle Aged; Parathyroid Hormone; Peptides; Tartrates

Both sexes of F344 rats were gavaged with maximal tolerated doses of mercuric chloride for periods from 2 wk to up to 2 yr to investigate chronic nephrotoxicity and potential carcinogenicity. The toxicity of mercuric chloride was excessive after 2 wk of exposure to doses ranging from 1.25 to 20 mg/kg, compromising renal function by selectively destroying cells of the proximal tubules, and eliciting marked elevations in urinary biomarker enzymes diagnostic for acute renal tubule necrosis. In the 2-wk studies, urinary alkaline phosphatase and aspartate amino-transferase were most sensitive to renal mercury toxicity among a panel of six enzymes, exhibiting twofold increases above controls at the 5.0 mg/kg dose, before changes in the other enzymes occurred. Urinary lactate dehydrogenase was the most responsive enzyme, with up to 11-fold increases in activity above controls. In response to mercuric chloride exposure of 5.0 mg/kg for 2-6 mo, the greatest and most persistent increases in elevation of urinary enzyme activities were exhibited by alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transferase, which increased two-to threefold above controls. At this interval, the maximal severity of the renal lesions in both sexes of rats was graded as minimal to mild. Beyond 6 mo none of the urinary enzymes measured in this study was adequate as biomarkers of nephrotoxicity, although the severity of the renal lesions had progressed. Mercury accumulated in a dose-related fashion primarily in the kidney, and to a lesser extent in the liver. The severity of the renal lesions was increased by continued exposure to mercuric chloride, as tissue concentrations of mercury rose in proportion to dose. Mercuric chloride treatment for 2 yr clearly exacerbated the severity of the spontaneous nephrotoxicity prevalent in aging F344 rats. The excessive mortality that occurred in the male rats was probably due to a combination of these factors. No renal tumors were detected in rats, possibly because the potential for their development was reduced; however, direct tissue contact with mercury induced squamous-cell papillomas of the forestomach in both sexes.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Body Weight; Brain Chemistry; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Routes; Female; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Hyperparathyroidism; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Liver; Male; Mercuric Chloride; Mercury; Organ Size; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Time Factors; Tissue Distribution

Alkaline phosphatase (AlP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activities have been studied comparatively in needle biopsies of the iliac crest of four cases of secondary hyperparathyroidism (renal osteodystrophy). AlP activity was associated with the plasma membrane of osteoblasts and their processes, of reticular cells of bone marrow and of young osteocytes of osteoid borders and woven bone. Moreover, it was detected in the fibroblast-like cells of the endosteal "fibrosis". These cells were orderly in arrangement and were parallel to the endosteal surfaces near zones of bone formation. They were disorderly near zones of bone resorption. A strong TRAP-positive reaction was present in osteoclasts and mononuclear cells of endosteal "fibrosis" and in osteocytes located near active osteoclasts and in woven bone. These results suggest that the so-called fibrosis of hyperparathyroidism, rather than representing reparative, inert tissue, consists of osteoblast-like cells, probably precursors of osteoblasts derived by parathormone-stimulated proliferation of AlP-positive stromal cells of bone marrow, and of TRAP-positive, mononuclear cells, probably preosteoclasts. Moreover, they show that TRAP activity can be present in osteocytes, probably under stimulation by the same factors which stimulate osteoclast activity. The histochemical demonstration of AlP and TRAP facilitates the morphological diagnosis of metabolic bone disease and may improve knowledge of bone physiopathology.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Biopsy; Bone and Bones; Cold Temperature; Drug Resistance; Histocytochemistry; Histological Techniques; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Methacrylates; Tartrates; Tissue Embedding

The study was carried out to evaluate the clinical validity and usefulness of serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity determined using an improved spectrophotometric assay. Enzyme activity was measured in 84 normal subjects and in 109 patients with common metabolic bone diseases. Mean values of serum TRAP activity in male subjects (n = 19; 10.4 +/- 2.15 U l-1) were not significantly different from those found in female subjects (n = 65; 10.8 +/- 1.8 U l-1). In the latter group mean values were significantly raised in post-menopausal subjects (10.5 +/- 2.0 U l-1; p less than 0.01) compared with mean values in pre-menopausal women (8.45 +/- 1.8 U l-1). We found a significant inverse correlation between serum TRAP activity values and bone mineral density (BMD) measured both at an ultradistal radial point (n = 33, r = -0.506; p less than 0.01), and at the lumbar spine (n = 57, r = -0.261; p less than 0.05). Mean serum TRAP activity values in patients with metabolic bone diseases were: primary hyperparathyroidism, n = 30: 14.2 +/- 4.89 U l-1, p less than 0.001 vs normal subjects; chronic maintenance haemodialysis, n = 19: 17.4 +/- 6.7, p less than 0.001; metastatic cancer, n = 13: 21.2 +/- 6.3, p less than 0.001; post-surgical hypoparathyroidism, n = 10: 9.9 +/- 1.8, NS; involutional osteoporosis, n = 20: 12.5 +/- 2.3 p less than 0.001; Paget's disease, n = 10: 16.8 +/- 3.5, p less than 0.001; osteomalacia, n = 7: 19.5 +/- 3.31, p less than 0.001.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aging; Bone Density; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Bone Remodeling; Female; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Male; Menopause; Middle Aged; Osteitis Deformans; Osteomalacia; Osteoporosis; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Spectrophotometry; Tartrates

Altogether 184 patients with bone, renal or mixed hyperparathyroidism (HPT) presenting primarily were examined for blood levels of parathyroid hormone and indirect indicators of parathyroid function. None of the indices (calcium concentration, phosphorus level, serum activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase, oxyproline excretion with urine, etc.) was changed. The commonest biochemical signs of primary HPT were hypercalcemia, hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone, hyperoxyprolinuria. Biochemical indices deviations occurred more often and were more profound in bone primary HPT and parathyroid adenomas.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenoma; Alkaline Phosphatase; Calcium; Humans; Hydroxyproline; Hyperparathyroidism; Parathyroid Hormone; Parathyroid Neoplasms; Phosphorus; Radioimmunoassay

Serum osteocalcin levels peaked 1 yr after oophorectomy in a prospective study of 12 women. Estrogen treatment restored serum osteocalcin to the normal range within 4 months of therapy. The changes in serum osteocalcin preceded those in bone alkaline phosphatase activity by 1-2 months, in these oophorectomized patients and during estrogen treatment. The changes in these two markers of bone formation over time were significantly different from those in urinary hydroxyproline excretion. A significant positive correlation was found between bone alkaline phosphatase and serum osteocalcin levels in patients after oophorectomy and in 18 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Significant positive correlations also were found between the biochemical indices of osteoblastic function and urinary hydroxyproline excretion and/or nephrogenous cAMP in primary hyperparathyroidism. In most of the patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, however, the elevation in bone alkaline phosphatase was more marked than that in osteocalcin. These data indicate that the clinical utility of serum osteocalcin as a marker of bone formation is similar but not identical to that of bone alkaline phosphatase.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone and Bones; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Cyclic AMP; Female; Humans; Hydroxyproline; Hyperparathyroidism; Isoenzymes; Male; Middle Aged; Osteocalcin; Ovariectomy

Biochemical indices of bone formation (serum osteocalcin and bone alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme) and osteoclastic function (plasma tartrate resistant acid phosphatase) were measured in 43 patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis and in 27 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. The mean values for bone alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme and plasma tartrate resistant acid phosphatase but not for osteocalcin were significantly higher in primary hyperparathyroidism as compared with dialyzed patients. A significant positive correlation was found between the biochemical indices of osteoblasts and osteoclasts both in primary hyperparathyroidism and in dialyzed patients, indicating biological coupling between bone resorption and formation under these conditions. The regressions of osteocalcin vs bone alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme and/or plasma tartrate resistant acid phosphatase in dialyzed patients paralleled those in primary hyperparathyroidism but their distance differed significantly. It is concluded that in patients with renal failure, an increase in circulating osteocalcin by a relatively constant portion reflects decreased renal clearance. Any additional increase in osteocalcin serum level indicates an increased skeletal production of osteocalcin. The clinical value of bone alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme and plasma tartrate resistant acid phosphatase appears to be comparable with that of serum osteocalcin in primary hyperparathyroidism, and more exact than osteocalcin in renal failure.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Bone and Bones; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Female; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Isoenzymes; Male; Osteocalcin; Renal Dialysis; Tartrates

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Bone Resorption; Female; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Male; Middle Aged; Ovariectomy; Tartrates

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism

A reference group (252 males, 436 females) and a group of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (34 males, 67 females) and cirrhosis of the liver (33 males) were subjected to a multivariate data assessment; the analyses were performed on the Technicon autoanalyzer SMA 12/60 (sodium, potassium, chloride, total protein, albumin, inorganic phosphorus, cholesterol, urea nitrogen, calcium, creatinine, bilirubin, uric acid) and the SMA 6 plus (iron, copper, magnesium, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glucose). A multivariate test statistic containing age as a regressor variable was used, thus correcting for age. Derivation of the test statistic required multivariate normality of the distributions of the clinical-chemical values, a condition which is generally not fulfilled in the data of patients. In order to arrive at the multivariate normality of the distributions, we applied the X-transformation of van der Waerden [1965) Mathematische Statistik, Springer Verlag, Berlin--Göttingen-Heidelberg) to the marginal values. We introduced the concept of group-conformity behaviour of the patient data. According to our definition, a patient behaves in conformity with a given group of patients with respect to a clinical-chemical value, if the patients' value deviates from the estimated age-specific expected value of the reference group and the deviation lies in the same direction as that of the mean value of the respective group of patients. Using this procedure, disease-specific deviation patterns were determined from the data, thus enabling us to make clear separations of the patient groups from the reference group and from each other. Furthermore, the computed deviation patterns throw light upon the pathobiochemical modifications of the parameters in the examined diseases.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Analysis of Variance; Autoanalysis; Blood Chemical Analysis; Female; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Models, Biological; Reference Values; Regression Analysis

In 46 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, in 21 non-dialysed patients with advanced renal failure, and in 52 patients on hemodialysis, a significant positive correlation was found between bone isoenzyme of serum alkaline phosphatase and plasma tartrate resistant acid phosphatase. In primary hyperparathyroidism, a significant positive correlation was found between the radiological degree of osteodystrophy and the biochemical parameters of bone remodelling. After removal of the parathyroid adenoma, only the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase decreased to normal limits. Plasma tartrate resistant acid phosphatase was most significantly influenced by serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone levels. In chronic renal failure, bone isoenzyme of serum alkaline phosphatase was most significantly influenced by serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone levels, by hypocalcemia and by duration of hemodialysis. The results confirm that in hyperparathyroidism the extent of the whole-body rates of bone resorption and formation are approximately equal. The biochemical parameters can be used for serial assessment of the course of the disease but are not specific for diagnosis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone and Bones; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Isoenzymes; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Renal Dialysis; Tartrates

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Calcium; Female; Humans; Hydroxyproline; Hyperparathyroidism; Isoenzymes; Male; Middle Aged; Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica; Phosphorus

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Biopsy; Calcium; Catheterization; Cyclic AMP; Femur; Hand; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Lumbar Vertebrae; Male; Methods; Parathyroid Hormone; Pelvic Bones; Phosphates; Radiography; Skull

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Body Weight; Bone and Bones; Calcitonin; Calcium; Hyperparathyroidism; Male; Phosphorus; Rats; Time Factors

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Calcification, Physiologic; Calcium; Calcium Radioisotopes; Cell Count; Female; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Middle Aged; Osteoclasts; Phosphates; Vitamin D

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Diseases; Bone Marrow; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Liver; Liver Diseases; Male; Neoplasms; Parathyroid Glands; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Spleen

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenoma; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Edetic Acid; Electrophoresis; Epithelium; Female; Gels; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hyperparathyroidism; Isoenzymes; Middle Aged; Parathyroid Neoplasms; Starch; Tartrates

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Diseases; Bone Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Female; Gaucher Disease; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Pulmonary Embolism

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Blood Proteins; Bone and Bones; Calcium; Carcinoma; Creatinine; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Hypercalcemia; Hyperparathyroidism; Hypophosphatasia; Intestines; Kidney; Kidney Tubules; Liver; Magnesium; Male; Phosphorus; Rabbits; Thigh

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Breast Neoplasms; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Osteoblasts; Osteoclasts; Osteoporosis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Electrophoresis; Gaucher Disease; Glycerophosphates; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Male; Osteopetrosis; Phosphates; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Biochemical Phenomena; Biochemistry; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Kidney Calculi; Nephrolithiasis; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Anuria; Fractures, Spontaneous; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica; Parathyroid Neoplasms; Pathology; Postoperative Care; Postoperative Complications; Radiography; Surgical Procedures, Operative

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Animals; Calcium; Dogs; Glycosaminoglycans; Histocytochemistry; Hyperparathyroidism; Kidney; Kidney Tubules; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Parathyroid Hormone; Phosphorus; Research; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone and Bones; Calcification, Physiologic; Electron Transport Complex II; Glucuronidase; Glycogen; Hyperparathyroidism; Hyperparathyroidism, Primary; Osteoclasts; Pathology; Rats; Research; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Diseases; Bone Neoplasms; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Diagnosis, Differential; Gaucher Disease; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Male; Osteitis Deformans; Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica; Osteogenesis Imperfecta; Osteopetrosis; Osteosclerosis; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Animals; Blood Chemical Analysis; Calcium; Dogs; Electron Transport Complex II; Glycosaminoglycans; Histocytochemistry; Hyperparathyroidism; Kidney; Kidney Glomerulus; Kidney Tubules; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Metabolism; Parathyroid Hormone; Pathology; Phosphorus; Research; Succinate Dehydrogenase

The paper reports a study of the distribution of phosphatases in the femora of three specimens of Humboldt's woolly monkey (Lagothrix humboldti) suffering from chronic hyperparathyroidism. Bone structure ranged from the apparently normal to extreme osteitis fibrosa. Most marked changes were found in the distribution of alkaline phosphatase, which reached at least 10 times the normal levels in the bone of the second monkey in the series, dropping to levels still well above normal in that of the most severely affected animal. Very high concentrations were found in the deeper layers of hypertrophied growth cartilage and in the osteoblasts lining poorly calcified trabeculae, and high concentrations in the fibre bone of the third animal. Lack of mineralization and the development of osteitis fibrosa are thus associated with a marked increase in alkaline phosphatase activity. Osteoclasts reacted strongly for acid phosphatase but were negative for alkaline phosphatase. Acid phosphatase levels were comparatively high in fibre bone, but overall levels ranged from 1/20 to less than 1/100 those of alkaline phosphatase. Some slow staining for acid phosphatase probably represents residual activity at acid pH of the markedly increased alkaline phosphatase. There may be some association between a failure of mineralization and the presence of acid phosphatase in osteoclasts and osteoid. The aetiology of the monkeys' condition is discussed. It seems likely that the parathyroid hypertrophy and rachitic changes were caused by low blood calcium dependent on a low calcium diet and lack of vitamin D, in which the requirements of New World monkeys are reputedly high.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Atelinae; Bone and Bones; Calcium; Disease; Haplorhini; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Monkey Diseases; Osteoclasts; Parathyroid Glands; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases