acid-phosphatase and Hyperlipidemias

Acid phosphatase locus 1 (ACP1) is a highly polymorphic enzyme that has an important role in flavoenzyme activity and in the control of insulin receptor activity and band 3 protein phosphorylation status. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a polymorphic enzyme that catalyses the irreversible deamination of adenosine to inosine and has an important role in regulating adenosine concentration. Based on the hypothesis that ACP1 counteracts insulin signaling by dephosphorylating the insulin receptor and that adenosine has an anti-insulin action, we reasoned that low ACP1 activity (low dephosphorylating action on insulin receptor) when associated with high ADA activity (low adenosine concentration) would result in a cumulative effect towards an increased glucose tolerance. On the contrary, high ACP1 activity when associated with low ADA activity would result in a cumulative effect towards a decreased glucose tolerance. A total of 280 adult subjects with type 2 diabetes from the population of Penne (Italy) were studied. There was a nonsignificant trend toward an increase in the proportion of subjects with the complex type with high ACP1 activity and low ADA activity (ie, *B/*B; *A/*C; *B/*C; *C/*C//ADA*1/*2 and *2/*2) in type 2 diabetes relative to that observed in newborn infants from the same population. High ACP1 activity/low ADA activity joint genotype was positively associated with high glycemic levels and with high body mass index (BMI) values. Low ACP1 activity/high ADA activity joint genotype was also positively associated with dyslipidemia. These findings suggest that both ACP1 and ADA contribute to the clinical manifestations of type 2 diabetes and probably also have a marginal influence on susceptibility to the disease. Both additive and epistatic interactions between the 2 systems seem to be operative.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Deaminase; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Electrophoresis, Starch Gel; Erythrocytes; Female; Genotype; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Infant, Newborn; Male; Middle Aged; Phenotype; Polymorphism, Genetic; Signal Transduction

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is essential for the regulation of cellular cholesterol homeostasis. Intracellular LDL cholesterol metabolism is achieved by the action of lysosomal enzymes. The hydrolytic cleavage of cholesterol is apparently suppressed in the smooth muscle of arterial vessels of hypertensive animal models, contributing to atherosclerosis. The change in the hydrolytic activity of the enzymes can be reversed by Ca2+ antagonists which also lower increased blood pressure. Thus, a blood pressure lowering effect of calcium antagonists may explain the antiatherosclerotic action of these agents. Preliminary data, using platelets as a model for studies on LDL action, suggest that LDL induces rapid cellular activation via phosphatidylinositol turnover.

Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Arteriosclerosis; Blood Platelets; Calcium Channel Blockers; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Hypertension; Lipoproteins, LDL; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Rats; Rats, Inbred SHR; Risk Factors; Sterol Esterase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Colon; Female; Gastric Mucosa; Hyperglycemia; Hyperlipidemias; Intestine, Small; Male; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Pyrophosphatases; Rabbits

Diacetylbenzidine was used to induce a nephrotic syndrome in female rats. Enzymes involved in glycoprotein metabolism were evaluated during an early stage of induced renal disease before extensive histologic changes occurred. The results show that lysosomal acid hydrolases are not activated or released to any measurable degree during the early stages of the disease. Minimal differences in the composition of glomerular basement membrane of nephrotic rats were found despite heavy proteinuria. Glomerular specific activities of certain glycoprotein:glycosyl transferases were depressed in nephrotic animals. A new viewpoint to explain the pathology of glomerular proteinuria is presented based on the phenomenon of sublethal autolysis affecting cell surface structure and function, of which activity levels of glycoprotein:glycosyl transferases are an example. Increased activities of glycosyl transferases and Na-D ATPase were noted in the cortex from nephrotic animals. These studies involving cortex indicate that the pathologic process is not confined to the glomerulus and may contribute information concerning Na+ transport in the nephrotic rat.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Aminobiphenyl Compounds; Animals; Autolysis; Benzidines; Diuresis; Female; Glucosyltransferases; Glycoproteins; Glycoside Hydrolases; Hydrolases; Hyperlipidemias; Kidney Cortex; Kidney Glomerulus; N-Acylneuraminate Cytidylyltransferase; Nephrotic Syndrome; Peptide Hydrolases; Protein Denaturation; Proteinuria; Rats; Transferases

Interference from turbidity and bilirubin on 20 serum constituents have been examined on the AutoChemist multichannel analytical system. Empirical relations are presented which correct for these effects on tests such as acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, chloride, cholesterol, creatinine, iron, lactate dehydrogenase, phosphate and uric acid. The interference correctives are routinely applied to patient specimens by aid of the computer attached to the system.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Autoanalysis; Bilirubin; Chlorides; Cholesterol; Creatinine; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Iron; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Methods; Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; Phosphates; Uric Acid

In rats maintained for about three weeks on a diet inducing hyperlipidemia E-600 resistant acid esterase activities were markedly reduced in the aorta in comparison with untreated animals. In rats which were maintained on an ordinary diet containing the same amount of thiouracil as given to the hyperlipidemic animals, only a slight reduction of acid esterase activities was noted. Another group of animals was fed an ordinary diet for three weeks after three weeks on a hyperlipidemic diet. In the aorta of these animals the acid esterase activities were almost normal. There was little fat deposition in the aortas of animals given the various diets. No such effects on esterase activities were observed in the liver and lung of animals of the various groups. Inhibition of acid esterase activity was also observed in rats kept on a hyperlipidemic diet for 65 days. In these animals patchy deposition of partly anisotropic lipid was observed in the intima and media.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Aorta; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Hypercholesterolemia; Hyperlipidemias; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Lung; Male; Rats

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Amylases; Anions; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Blood Glucose; Chemical Precipitation; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Creatine Kinase; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Heparin; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Lipoproteins; Lipoproteins, VLDL; Macromolecular Substances; Magnesium; Regression Analysis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Amylases; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Chemical Precipitation; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Creatine Kinase; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Lipoproteins, VLDL

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Diet, Atherogenic; Enzyme Activation; Fibrinolysis; Hyperlipidemias; Liver; Lysosomes; Male; Plasminogen; Rats; Thromboembolism