acid-phosphatase and Hyperemia

When castor oil was administered by gavage to rats, the duodenum and jejunum, but not the stomach, produced large amounts of platelet activating factor 3-7 h after oil challenge with a peak at 3 h. Intraluminal release of acid phosphatase was also markedly increased in the duodenum and jejunum of castor oil-treated rats, especially 3-5 h after oil challenge. No increase was observed in the stomach. There was a correlation between elevated release of acid phosphatase and intestinal hyperaemia.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Castor Oil; Digestive System; Duodenum; Gastric Mucosa; Hyperemia; Jejunum; Kinetics; Male; Platelet Activating Factor; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains

The effects of pretreatment with 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dmPGE2) on ethanol-induced colonic damage were studied in the rat. Colonic damage was assessed macroscopically, histologically, and using cytoplasmic (lactate dehydrogenase) and lysosomal (acid phosphatase) enzyme markers of cell disruption. Intrarectal administration of 30% ethanol produced grossly visible regions of hyperemia and hemorrhage. Histologically, the ethanol injury was characterized by complete destruction of the surface epithelium and necrosis extending throughout most of the mucosal layer. When incubated in vitro after challenge with ethanol in vivo, the colons released significantly more acid phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase than did controls. Intrarectal pretreatment with dmPGE2 caused a dose-dependent reduction in ethanol-induced damage, as measured by all three parameters. A significant (P less than 0.05) reduction of macroscopically visible damage was observed with 0.2 micrograms/kg dmPGE2, while at higher doses (20 micrograms/kg) the histological signs of damage, including that to the colonic epithelium, were reduced or completely prevented. This dose of dmPGE2 also reduced (P less than 0.01) the release of the enzyme-markers to control levels. The possibility that this protection was mediated by increased colonic fluid secretion was studied. Pretreatment with dmPGE2 had no effect on net colonic fluid secretion (measured using the nonabsorbable marker [3H]inulin) or on the absorption of ethanol by the colon. This study demonstrates that intrarectal administration of dmPGE2 can protect the colonic mucosa from damage induced by direct application of a potent topical irritant. With the highest dose of dmPGE2 tested (20 micrograms/kg), protection of the colonic epithelium from ethanol injury was observed.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Colonic Diseases; Ethanol; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Hyperemia; Intestinal Mucosa; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Prostaglandins E, Synthetic; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains

The rats exposed for 14 weeks to odourless kerosene mists (concentration of 75 and 300 mg/m3) had their urinary chemical and morphotic composition determined. In addition, morphological and cytoenzymatic examinations of kidneys were carried out. The findings were: increased pH and protein concentration and single erythrocytes in urine and also: passive congestion of renal cortex and medulla, infiltrates composed of granulocytes and eosinophils and albuminous casts in renal tubules. Decreased activity of succinate dehydrogenase, glucoso-6-phosphatase, Mg++ stimulated adenosinotriphosphatase and increased activity of acid phosphatase were found. Those changes were localized in cortical part of the kidney especially in the main tubules epithelial cells. The observed functional, morphological and cytoenzymatic changes depended on the magnitude of exposure. The obtained results confirm that kerosene hydrocarbons may exhibit toxic effects on the kidney function and structure.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Air Pollutants; Air Pollutants, Occupational; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Diuresis; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Hyperemia; Kerosene; Kidney; Male; NADH Tetrazolium Reductase; Petroleum; Proteinuria; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Time Factors

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Epinephrine; Hemorrhage; Histocytochemistry; Hyperemia; Injections, Intravenous; Lung; Pulmonary Edema; Rabbits