acid-phosphatase and Hypercholesterolemia

Spontaneously hypercholesterolemic (SHC) rats are known to exhibit accelerated bone resorption. We compared endochondral bone formation induced by implantation of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) to 4-week-old SHC rats with that of age-matched Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. When DBM prepared from adult SD rats was implanted, the cartilageous area enlarged, and C-propeptide of type II procollagen content on day 7 was higher in SHC rats. Alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium content on day 12 and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity on day 19 were higher in SHC rats. These results suggest active chondrogenesis, with a subsequent increase in osteogenesis, and stimulated osteoclastic bone resorption in SHC rats. When DBM from 10-week-old SHC rats was implanted into SD or SHC rats, the levels of bone forming parameters on day 12 were reduced to one-third, suggesting inhibiting factor(s) for bone induction in bone matrix of SHC rats. In contrast, when DBM from 6-month-old SHC rats was implanted, although bone forming parameters in SD rats were comparable to the case of implantation of DBM from SD rats, the accelerated bone formation detected in SHC rats was blocked, indicating resistance to systemic bone inducing factor(s) of SHC rats in aged bone matrix. These results suggest that age-related decrease in responses to some systemic bone inducing factor may lead to the bone loss with advancing age.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aging; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Bone Density; Bone Development; Bone Matrix; Bone Resorption; Calcium; Cartilage; Hypercholesterolemia; Kinetics; Peptide Fragments; Procollagen; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

The effect of hypercholesterolaemia on the cholesterol and phospholipid content of spermatozoa and seminal plasma was studied. Testosterone and specific markers of the accessory sex glands were also measured. Semen samples from 11 hypercholesterolaemic patients (plasma cholesterol > 6.42 mmol/l, plasma triglycerides < 2 mmol/l) were compared with those of 11 normocholesterolaemic controls (plasma cholesterol < 5.14 mmol/l, plasma triglycerides < 2 mmol/l). Cholesterol, phospholipids and the molar ratio of cholesterol: phospholipids were not significantly different between the two groups of patients either in spermatozoa or in seminal plasma. In hypercholesterolaemic patients the total amount of carnitine in the ejaculate was significantly higher, but there were no significant differences in the levels of acid phosphatase or fructose. There were no significant differences in seminal plasma levels of testosterone in the two groups of subjects. These results suggest that hypercholesterolaemia has no effect on cholesterol and phospholipid levels in spermatozoa and does not cause gross modification of the secretory function of the accessory sex glands.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Apolipoproteins A; Apolipoproteins B; Biomarkers; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Fructose; Genitalia, Male; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Male; Phospholipids; Reference Values; Semen; Spermatozoa; Testosterone; Triglycerides

Thyroid hormones control the levels of the lysosomal enzymes, cholesterol esterase and hyaluronidase, in rat liver, skeletal muscle and skin. Activities of these enzymes decreased to approximately 40-50% of normal levels in liver cell fractions, skeletal muscle homogenates and skin homogenates from thyroidectomized rats. Treatment of hypophysectomized rats with L-triiodothyronine increased the activities of cholesterol esterase and hyaluronidase approximately 2-fold in liver cell fractions. The low levels of hyaluronidase and cholesterol esterase in thyroidectomized rats may account for the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides in skin and for the elevation of serum cholesterol levels in hypothyroid patients.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Arteriosclerosis; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Enzyme Activation; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; Hypercholesterolemia; Hypophysectomy; Hypothyroidism; Lysosomes; Male; Myxedema; Rats; Sterol Esterase; Thyroid Gland; Triiodothyronine

The adrenals of rabbits on a cholesterol-rich diet for 35 days show histopathological changes, a marked increase in weight and a lowering in the ascorbate content. A focal increase in the neutral lipid and cholesterol content was noted mostly in the inner cortical zones; and a characteristic acid phosphatase-positive pattern in areas of infiltrating cells, and an alkaline phosphatase-positive reaction in heterophils in the infiltrated areas. Electron microscopy confirmed that the zona glomerulosa cells were relatively normal in hypercholesterolaemic rabbits, while necrosis and fibrosis were very obvious in the inner two zones. The cellular infiltrate was shown to consist of large, granular mononuclear cells, heterophils, eosinophils, stromal phagocytes, lymphocytes and plasma cells. The possibility that the reaction was of an immunological nature is considered. The morphology of the adrenals of rabbits which were on a cholesterol-rich diet for 35 days and on a normal diet for 6 weeks afterwards, was indistinguishable from that of those rabbits killed after 35 days on a cholesterol-rich diet.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adrenal Cortex; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Histocytochemistry; Hypercholesterolemia; Lipids; Microscopy, Electron; Rabbits

Local irradiation of the carotid artery of the hypercholesterolemic rabbit with 2000 rd of X-rays gives rise to infiltration of lipid droplets in the intima and media, becoming visible 3 days after the irradiation. At the same time, acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase become activated. These enhanced activities are localized in different cells of the arterial wall. Acid phosphatase activity is localized in the intima, while the beta-glucuronidase activation is found preferentially in the media. A functional heterogeneity of the lysosomal content of the different cells is suggested. A model for the development of the radiation-induced atheromatosis is presented.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Arteriosclerosis; Carotid Arteries; Disease Models, Animal; Enzyme Activation; Female; Glucuronidase; Glycosaminoglycans; Histocytochemistry; Hypercholesterolemia; Lipid Metabolism; Lysosomes; Male; Models, Biological; Rabbits; Radiation Injuries, Experimental; Radiotherapy

In rats maintained for about three weeks on a diet inducing hyperlipidemia E-600 resistant acid esterase activities were markedly reduced in the aorta in comparison with untreated animals. In rats which were maintained on an ordinary diet containing the same amount of thiouracil as given to the hyperlipidemic animals, only a slight reduction of acid esterase activities was noted. Another group of animals was fed an ordinary diet for three weeks after three weeks on a hyperlipidemic diet. In the aorta of these animals the acid esterase activities were almost normal. There was little fat deposition in the aortas of animals given the various diets. No such effects on esterase activities were observed in the liver and lung of animals of the various groups. Inhibition of acid esterase activity was also observed in rats kept on a hyperlipidemic diet for 65 days. In these animals patchy deposition of partly anisotropic lipid was observed in the intima and media.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Aorta; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Hypercholesterolemia; Hyperlipidemias; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Lung; Male; Rats

Topics: ABO Blood-Group System; Acid Phosphatase; Alanine Transaminase; Aminohydrolases; Blood Group Antigens; Blood Proteins; Complement System Proteins; Computers; Diagnosis, Differential; Erythrocytes; Female; Gene Frequency; Genetic Linkage; Haptoglobins; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Male; Pedigree; Phosphoglucomutase; Recombination, Genetic; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System