acid-phosphatase and Hodgkin-Disease

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Brain Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Catalase; DNA Nucleotidyltransferases; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; Glycine Hydroxymethyltransferase; Hexokinase; Hodgkin Disease; Intestinal Neoplasms; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukemia; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasms; Pyruvate Kinase; Ribonucleotides; Sarcoma, Experimental; Stomach Neoplasms; Uridine Kinase

Bone destruction, caused by aberrant production and activation of osteoclasts, is a prominent feature of multiple myeloma. We demonstrate that myeloma stimulates osteoclastogenesis by triggering a coordinated increase in the tumor necrosis factor-related activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE) and decrease in its decoy receptor, osteoprotegerin (OPG). Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization studies of bone marrow specimens indicate that in vivo, deregulation of the TRANCE-OPG cytokine axis occurs in myeloma, but not in the limited plasma cell disorder monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance or in nonmyeloma hematologic malignancies. In coculture, myeloma cell lines stimulate expression of TRANCE and inhibit expression of OPG by stromal cells. Osteoclastogenesis, the functional consequence of increased TRANCE expression, is counteracted by addition of a recombinant TRANCE inhibitor, RANK-Fc, to marrow/myeloma cocultures. Myeloma-stroma interaction also has been postulated to support progression of the malignant clone. In the SCID-hu murine model of human myeloma, administration of RANK-Fc both prevents myeloma-induced bone destruction and interferes with myeloma progression. Our data identify TRANCE and OPG as key cytokines whose deregulation promotes bone destruction and supports myeloma growth.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Carrier Proteins; Disease Progression; Glycoproteins; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell; Membrane Glycoproteins; Mice; Mice, SCID; Osteoprotegerin; Paraproteinemias; RANK Ligand; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; Reference Values; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Time Factors

In order to investigate the disordered maturation of mononuclear phagocytes previously found in Hodgkin's disease, integrating microdensitometry was used to quantitate changes in seven cytochemical constituents (NADH dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase, DNA, RNA and glycogen) of developing macrophages from 19 patients and 19 normal subjects. Individual cells were studied at intervals over six days of suspension culture; the results were subjected to analysis of variance. In both groups, all the constituents studied except DNA showed highly significant increases over the period of culture. Consistently lower levels of alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase (approximately 65%) and increased levels of glycogen were present in the Hodgkin's group. The results show that (1) maturational changes occur in the cytochemical constituents of developing macrophages of Hodgkin's disease, and (2) there are disturbances affecting the specific enzyme alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase and glycogen that are likely to have profound implications for host defense mechanisms.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Cell Differentiation; DNA, Neoplasm; Female; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Macrophages; Male; NADH Dehydrogenase; RNA, Neoplasm; Succinate Dehydrogenase

In 24 patients with Hodgkin's disease the activity of acid phosphatase was determined in granulocytes. Its level was only half that in the control group. The causes of this low activity of this enzyme may be increased number of cells without it, exocytosis, and possible influence of substances secreted by the neoplasm. It is suggested that the determination of this activity may be indirectly useful for verification of the efficacy of the antibacterial mechanisms, and also of antitumour resistance of the host.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Blood Bactericidal Activity; Female; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Staging; Neutrophils

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Female; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Rosette Formation; T-Lymphocytes

Any extensive analysis of Hodgkin (H) and Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells is limited by the scarcity of available material and by the common contamination with "by-stander" cells. The establishment of Hodgkin's disease-derived cell lines provides the opportunity to undertake studies in which large numbers of cells are required, as these cell lines are by definition monoclonal populations with unlimited cell growth. In this study, we analyzed the enzyme profiles of eight Hodgkin's disease cell lines (Co, Ho, Fox, HDLM-2, KM-H2, L428, L540, and L591) whereby cellular alpha-naphthyl acetate esterases, acid phosphatases, and dipeptidylpeptidase IV were examined quantitatively or qualitatively by IEF or chromatographic techniques. The results indicate that all of the H-RS cell lines examined had enzymatic features typical for lymphoid cells and, in particular, a monocyte/histiocyte origin of the cell lines could be excluded. Extrapolation of the available immunological, molecular biological, and enzymological evidence gained in vitro on cultured representatives of H-RS cells suggests a lymphoid origin for in vivo H-RS cells.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Cell Line; Chromatography; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Isoelectric Point; Lymphocytes; Naphthol AS D Esterase

The authors studied an 18-year-old woman with stage IIIB nodular sclerosis Hodgkin's disease whose bone marrow contained abnormal storage cells that resembled Gaucher cells by light microscopic examination ("pseudo-Gaucher" cells). Electron microscopic examination revealed that these cells differed from true Gaucher cells and resembled storage cells previously described in chronic myelogenous leukemia. The patient's peripheral blood leukocyte beta-glucosidase and serum acid phosphatase levels were elevated, ruling out the diagnosis of inherited Gaucher's disease. After treatment with six monthly cycles of systemic chemotherapy (nitrogen mustard, vincristine, procarbazine, bleomycin, doxorubicin, and prednisone), all signs of Hodgkin's disease and pseudo-Gaucher cells disappeared. Repeat leukocyte beta-glucosidase and serum acid phosphatase levels were unchanged. The present case is unique with its documentation of classical enzyme patterns for beta-glucosidase and acid phosphatase and electron microscopic features. The authors postulate that pseudo-Gaucher cells result from excessive cell breakdown with an overload of available beta-glucosidase.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; beta-Glucosidase; Bone Marrow; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Gaucher Disease; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukocytes; Microscopy, Electron; Neoplasm Staging

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Monocytes; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Neoplasm Staging; Phagocytosis

The cell lines HDLM-2 and L-428 were established from the pleural effusions of two patients with Hodgkin's disease. We studied and compared phenotypic characteristics of HDLM-2 and L-428 cells before and during induction of differentiation with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) using a number of parameters. TPA-treated HDLM-2 and L-428 cultures did not show adhesion to plastic surface or aggregation of cells; the cells did not develop pseudopodia and were not phagocytic. Only a slight increase in the percentage of NBT-positive cells was observed for L-428 cells. TPA led to a cessation of cell proliferation and to a dose-dependent decrease in the number of viable cells in both cell lines. In HDLM-2 and L-428, treatment with TPA induced distinct morphological changes indicative of a partial differentiation along the myeloid cell lineage. In addition, the production and expellation of benzidine-positive, unnucleated particles were observed in HDLM-2 and L-428 cells. The induced isoenzyme profiles of carboxylic esterase and acid phosphatase resembled those found in myelomonocytic leukemia cell lines. Both cell lines were negative for immunological markers of the T- and B-cell lineages, but reacted with several markers associated with the myelomonocytic cell lineages. HDLM-2 cells produced a factor which could induce differentiation in 12 leukemia cell lines. The overall results suggest that Hodgkin and Sternberg-Reed cells constitute a unique cell type and might be derived from cells of the myelomonocytic cell lineage.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Cell Division; Cell Line; Culture Media; Hexosaminidases; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Nitroblue Tetrazolium; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate

Acid phosphatase (AP) levels have been found to be decreased in monocytes of 38 patients with Hodgkin's disease as compared to 16 healthy subjects. Low cellular AP activity was associated with the presence of active disease, stage IV and lymphocyte depletion type. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was decreased in monocytes of patients but the difference did not reach statistical significance. In parallel, serum AP activities have been found to be increased in patients. There was an inverse correlation between the monocyte and serum AP levels which can be explained by assuming AP secretion from monocytes of patients in vivo.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Middle Aged; Monocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Biopsy; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Cytodiagnosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Metastasis; Lymphoma; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction

Enzyme histochemical and immunohistochemical study was carried out on 16 cases of Hodgkin's disease in order to elucidate the origin of Hodgkin's cell and Reed-Sternberg cell. Both Hodgkin's cell and Reed-Sternberg cell do not have tumor markers such as lysosome enzyme, alpha-fetoprotein, and fibronectin, and these cells do not form either Es or EoxACm rosettes. A great number of cells in most cases contained intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin and showed gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity on the cell membrane and in cytoplasm. Since gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase is an enzyme related to the transport of amino acid into cell, it is assumed that there is an intake of amino acid in these cells followed by synthesis of protein. Enzyme histochemically, both Hodgkin's cells and Reed-Sternberg cells resemble multiple myeloma cells rather than B-cells in acute lymphocytic leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia and T-cells or monocytes.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Marrow; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulins; Lymph Nodes; Rosette Formation

Cytochemical reactions were examined in lymph node imprints from a group of 53 previously untreated patients with histologically proven Hodgkin's disease. In 40 of 51 cases investigated, Reed-Sternberg (R-S) cells, irrespective of the cytologic appearances and the histologic types, showed moderate to strong reactions with acid phosphatase (ACP). In 12 cases ACP activity was present in more than 25% of the R-S cells. The reaction consisted of formation of small- to medium-sized granules, which were located close to the nuclei on a diffusely positive background or irregularly distributed throughout the cytoplasm. In three cases, a coarse granular reaction product with periodic acid-Schiff was present. R-S cells were positive to the naphthol-AS acetate esterase and beta-glucuronidase reactions in four and two cases, respectively. Alkaline phosphatase and naphthol-AS-D-chloroacetate esterase reactions were completely negative. Our results have revealed a pattern of staining in the diagnostic R-S cells similar to that in its morphologic variants; this supports the view that these cells may derive from a common primitive cell. Moreover, the quality and quantity of the ACP reaction product shows that R-S cells differ from both neoplastic histiocytes of malignant histiocytosis and neoplastic lymphocytes of T-cell lymphomas. This study confirms that R-S cells lack definite cytochemical characteristics of each of supposed progenitor cells: histiocytes and T-lymphocytes.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Biopsy; Cytoplasmic Granules; Esterases; Histiocytes; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Lymphocytes; Microscopy, Electron; Staining and Labeling

In the last three years, five permanently in-vitro growing cell cultures with malignant properties were established from tumour material of patients with histologically confirmed Hodgkin's disease. Four cell lines have been maintained in culture. L 428 had identical characteristics in every respect with Hodgkin and Sternberg-Reed cells, tested in-vivo on biopsy tissue. The other lines--L 538, L 540 and L 591 - had certain characteristics of Hodgkin and Sternberg-Reed cells with a number of markers, but were not fully congruent. All lines reacted with a heterologous antiserum against L 428, which selectively cross-reacted with Hodgkin and Sternberg-Reed cells in fresh biopsies. Two sublines, L 428 KS and L 428 KSA, were established from L 428 by modifying the culture medium. Tests on L 428 KS cells with conventional methods and with monoclonal antibodies demonstrated that this line carried antigens of myeloid cells; however, it could not be definitely placed into any haematopoetic line. Conditioned medium of L 428 and its sublines showed CSF activity (colony-stimulating factor) and suppression of cell-mediated cytolysis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens, Surface; Antigens, Viral; Blood Cells; Bone Marrow Cells; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosomes, Human, 1-3; Chromosomes, Human, 13-15; Chromosomes, Human, 16-18; Chromosomes, Human, 21-22 and Y; Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X; Female; Fetal Blood; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Neoplasm Staging; Neoplasm Transplantation; Receptors, Complement; Receptors, Virus; Rosette Formation

To evaluate metabolic functionality of monocytes and lymphocytes in Hodgkin's disease (HD) we studied 3 enzymes of the intermediary metabolism, G-6-PDH, PHI, ICDH, and the acid hydrolases, NAG and ACP. These enzymes were measured in purified cell fractions of 9 patients with advanced disease and 11 normal controls. The cells were isolated with cell scatter-monitored counterflow centrifugation. Enzymes were measured in the cell lysates by means of fluorimetric microassays. In the monocytes of HD patients a significantly increased G-6-PDH activity was found (P less than 0.01), indicating an enhanced activity of the hexose monophosphate shunt. The other enzymes showed no clear differences compared to normal controls. The lymphocytes of HD patients showed a significantly augmented activity of both G-6-PDH (P less than 0.001) and PHI (P less than 0.01), pointing to an increased HMPS and glycolytic activity. These findings are in support of an enhanced metabolic activity of both monocytes and lymphocytes in HD.

Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Female; Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; Lymphocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Monocytes

Lacunar cells, which are characteristic of the nodular sclerosis type of Hodgkin's disease, were investigated by light and electron microscopy and by enzyme cytochemical and immunohistochemical methods. Characteristic ultrastructural features of the lacunar cells were its size, its multilobated nucleus, and the pale cytoplasm containing only a few organelles. These features distinguish the lacunar cell from typical Sternberg-Reed and Hodgkin cells. Enzyme cytochemically, lacunar cells were weakly positive for acid phosphatase and non-specific esterase. the reaction product was distributed either diffusely or more focally in the cytoplasm. By immunostaining, kappa, lambda, and IgG could be detected in some lacunar cells. The immunostaining pattern was bitypic, which might have resulted from non-specific uptake. All the results of the present study indicate that lacunar cells are non-lymphoid cells. When lacunar cells were compared with cells of normal lymphoid tissue, their ultrastructure was found to be very similar to that of interdigitating reticulum cells. Both cell types showed a bizzarrely shaped nucleus and an electron-transparent cytoplasm with only some vesicles and tubules. Furthermore, lacunar cells and interdigitating reticulum cells exhibited a similar reaction pattern of acid phosphatase and non-specific esterase. Thus, from a cytologic and enzyme cytochemical point of view, a direct relationship between the two cell types is very likely.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Connective Tissue; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Microscopy, Electron

The histochemistry of Hodgkin's cells is controversial. Limited numbers and the variety of techniques used make comparisons difficulty. Acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase have been the two enzymes most frequently tested because the presence of these enzymes has been thought to be characteristic of histiocytes. Despite the controversial results, these studies have frequently figured prominently in arguments about the cell of origin in Hodgkin's disease. Authors identifying the presence of acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase have generally favored a mononuclear phagocyte origin; those with negative results have favored a lymphoid origin. We have evaluated a series of 21 cases of Hodgkin's disease using tissues embedded in plastic and tested for acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase. We found that Hodgkin's cells were frequently positive for acid phosphatase (20 to 21 cases) and/or nonspecific esterase (18 of 21). The reactions are weak and sensitive to inhibition by processing procedures. The reaction patterns are unusual for lymphoid cells and histiocytes. The finding is similar to that seen in interdigitating reticulum cells, a specialized cell found in the paracortex of human lymph nodes.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carboxylesterase; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Lymphoid Tissue; Sodium Fluoride

We purified acid phosphatase isoenzyme 5b from a human spleen affected by leukemic reticuloendotheliosis and used it to produce a specific antiserum. The antiserum was used to show complete immunological identity among isoenzymes 5a and 5b in human serum, and 5b isolated from a giant-cell bone tumor and from the spleen of a case of Hodgkin's disease. Acid phosphatase 5b in a giant-cell bone tumor was isolated for biochemical characterization. Its pH optimum and substrate specificity were very similar to those of isoenzyme 5b from human spleen.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone and Bones; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Immunodiffusion; Isoenzymes; Kinetics; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Spleen; Substrate Specificity; Tartrates

The usefulness of cytochemical tests (APh and ANAE) to replace or to supplement membrane markers in subclassification of normal and malignant lymphatic cells was investigated.. normal lymphocytes subfractionated by rosetting and centrifugation, and in M. Hodgkin and CLL; lymphoblastoid cell lines; malignant lymphatic cells in different types of lymphatic leukemia. In normal human blood, T-lymphocytes are marked by a distinct "dot-like" ANAE-reactivity which is somewhat less pronounced in the small (11%) subgroup of Fc-IgG-receptor positive T-lymphocytes; B-lymphocytes are negative or finely granular positive. Lymphoblastoid cell lines of B- and of T-type are ANAE- and APh-positive. In some lymphatic malignancies, a characteristic pattern of activity of APh or of ANAE may support the diagnosis. The value of ANAE-cytochemistry is highly estimated for the quantitative determination of the percentage of normal T-lymphocytes lymphatic leukemias, immunological disorders, and during immunosuppressive therapy.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; B-Lymphocytes; Esterases; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; T-Lymphocytes

A case of Hodgkin's disease is described which developed into a terminal illness characterized by a malignant proliferation of T-cells. The leukemic cells, after optical and ultrastructural analysis, were distinct from those of myelomonocytic, acute lymphoblastic, chronic lymphocytic as well as prolymphocytic leukemia. Their relationship with the T-cell lineage seemed to be confirmed by a highly positive E-rosette test and by cytochemistry which showed focal positivity of acid phosphatase. The importance of this T-cell malignant proliferation is discussed, especially with regard to cellular interactions in Hodgkin's disease.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; Rosette Formation; T-Lymphocytes

Of 146 patients with lymphogranulomatosis biochemical parameters were tested for their diagnostic valency concerning the recognition of a liver infiltration. In patients with histologically proved affection of the liver the AP, GGTP, AAP, LAP and LDH show a significant increase in comparison to the enzyme values of the patients without any hepatic manifestation. In an increased result of 4 enzyme values with a probability of 85% muste be reckoned with a participation of the liver. The enzyme SGOT, SGPT, GDH, LDH-isoenzymes, choline esterase, beta-GC, the De Ritis quotient and the quotient (Formula: see text), on the other hand, do not give any additional differential-diagnostic information.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Cholinesterases; Female; Glucuronidase; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Liver; Liver Diseases; Male

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Autoradiography; Cytoplasmic Granules; Esterases; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoma; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; Staining and Labeling

Four group systems of serum proteins (Hp, Gc, Gm, Km) and five group systems of erythrocyte enzymes (AP, PGM1, GPT, AK, EsD) were determined in 63 patients with malignant lymphoma. Statistical analysis of the distribution of the above mentioned systems in patients and Polish population samples did not reveal any significant differences, which points to the lack of any correlation between the disease and the group systems under examination.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenylate Kinase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Blood Group Antigens; Blood Proteins; Erythrocytes; Esterases; Female; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphoglucomutase

Reed-Sternberg (R-S) cells in the circulating blood of a patient with Hodgkin's disease were cytochemically peroxidase and Sudan black negative, devoid of alkaline phosphatase and non-specific esterase, mostly PAS negative but occasionally showing positivity, and nearly always showing moderately strong granular positivity for acid phosphatase. Electron microscopy showed irregular nuclear profiles, conspicuous nucleoli, a moderate development of cytoplasmic organelles but absence of structures resembling monocytic granules. The R-S cells frequently possessed receptors for the Fc region of IgG and were mostly positive for SmIg, but did not form rosettes with sheep or mouse erythrocytes nor have receptors for the Fc region of IgM or the C3 component of complement. The combined results suggest that R-S cells are of B-cell lineage.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Cell Nucleus; Histiocytes; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; Rosette Formation

Several arginine-rich cationic proteins previously isolated from granules of leukemic myeloid cells have been found to reside primarily in human eosinophil leukocytes. The major component has a molecular weight of 21,000 and it contains approximately 2.6 moles of zinc per mole of protein. Velocity centrifugation of cytoplasm from leukocytes of patients with marked eosinophilia showed that this group of proteins is packaged in the crystalloid-containing large eosinophil granules. Approximately 30% of the protein content of eosinophil granules belonged to this group of cationic proteins. Bactericidal or esterolytic activities of the cationic proteins were not detected, nor did they inhibit guinea pig anaphylatoxin or histamine-induced contraction. The basic protein previously demonstrated in guinea pig eosinophils may be analogous to the group of basic proteins of human eosinophils but great differences are found for molecular weight and amino acid composition.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Arginine; Blood Bactericidal Activity; Blood Proteins; Child; Cytoplasmic Granules; Eosinophilia; Eosinophils; Female; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Lactoferrin; Microbial Collagenase; Neutrophils; Pancreatic Elastase; Peroxidase; Peroxidases; Zinc

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antineoplastic Agents; Granulocytes; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid

beta-Glucuronidase activity was semiquantitatively estimated in the cells of lymph node (LN) imprints from patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD), diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), normal lymph nodes, and benign lymphadenopathies. In addition, in some of these cases beta-glucuronidase activity was semiquantitatively determined in peripheral blood smear lymphocytes. The beta-glucuronidase score (betaGS) was very low in the cells of the LN imprints from patients with diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The LN lymphocytes of HD had a normal betaGS independently of the histological subtype of the disease, while in the LN imprint of CLL the enzyme activity was low, normal, or high. The betaGS of the lymphocytes in LN imprints of normal controls and HD were in general significantly lower compared with he lymphocytes of the peripheral blood smears in the same cases. The relation of our findings to the B and T cell origin of malignant lymphomas and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia is discussed.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; B-Lymphocytes; Child; Female; Glucuronidase; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoma; Male; Middle Aged; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Child; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lymph Nodes; Lymphocytes; Spleen; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Lymphocytes; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Histochemical markers were used to identify the various cellular and structural components of the human spleen, and to investigate the histogenesis of the splenic lesions of Hodgkin's disease. The early lesions appear in areas near the central artery (periarterial lymphatic sheath) in the white pulp. The white pulp becomes hypertrophic. The lesions enlarge, extend into the red pulp, and compress the sinuses and the cords of Billroth. The derivations of various "histiocytes" contained with the lesions are differentiated by using cytochemical stains for lysosomal enzymes and for granulocytes. The epithelioid cells in the granulomas are rich in those lysosomal enzymes typically seen in phagocytic histiocytes, suggesting that they are indeed true histiocytes. The malignant "histiocytes," including the mononuclear Hodgkin cells, the binucleated Sternberg-Reed cells, and the multinucleated giant cells, do not contain significant amounts of lysosomal enzymes and more closely resemble stimulated lymphocytes. The splenic lesions in Hodkin's disease may be the result of a lymphocytic and histiocytic cellular response to an unknown agent, which reaches the spleen through the central artery in the white pulp.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Esterases; Fluorides; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Spleen; Staining and Labeling; Tartrates

Bone marrow smears of 48 patients consisting of 12 normal cases, 36 patients with different haematological diseases-among them 9 cases of idiopathic thrombopenia, 4 cases of polycythaemia, and 9 cases of Hodgkin's disease - were examined cytochemically. Acid phosphatase, unspecific esterases, naphthol-AS-D-chloroacetate esterase, peroxydase, and leucin-aminopeptidase were represented; in addition the PAS reaction, fastgreen staining at pH 1.1, methyl-green pyronin staining and the lipid representation with Sudan black B were carried out. Besides those responses known from literature the different behaviour of acid megacaryocyte phosphatase in different haematological diseases must be particularly emphasized from all reactions.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Blood Proteins; Esterases; Hematologic Diseases; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Megakaryocytes; Peroxidases; Polycythemia Vera; Polysaccharides; Thrombocytopenia

In exsudate cells separated from serous body cavities of 29 tumour patients and 30 patients with inflammatory and congestive effusion in cardiac failure or liver cirrhosis respectively the activities of acid and alkaline phosphatase were determined. In addition to sudanophilia the cell content of glycogen and that of ribonucleinic acid were evaluated. By means of cytochemical findings it could be found that an increase of unspecific esterase, acid phosphatase and ribonucleic acid in atypical cells points to a malignous ethiology of the exudate.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Ascitic Fluid; Esterases; Exudates and Transudates; Glycogen; Heart Failure; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia; Liver Cirrhosis; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Neoplasms; Peritonitis; Pleural Effusion; Pleurisy; RNA

26 cases of malignant lymphomas and 23 other lymphoreticular conditions were investigated enzyme histochemically. Each type of malignant lymphoma revealed a different enzyme histochemical pattern characteristic of its type. These features are not only applicable to differential diagnosis but also suggest clues to the understanding of histogenesis and nature of malignant lymphomas.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Esterases; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Hyperplasia; Isoenzymes; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Multiple Myeloma; Naphthols

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Arylsulfatases; Cell Count; Child; Child, Preschool; Eosinophils; Female; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Inflammation; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Male; Middle Aged; Spleen

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Female; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Lymphocytes; Male; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Cytoplasmic Granules; Esterases; Histiocytes; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Lymph Nodes

Topics: Acetates; Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Esterases; Female; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Peroxidases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Marrow; Eosinophils; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Microscopy, Electron; Peroxidases; Spleen; Staining and Labeling; Sulfatases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Esterases; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Monoamine Oxidase; Multiple Myeloma; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neuroblastoma; Plasmacytoma; Sarcoma, Ewing

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Antineoplastic Agents; Female; Granulocytes; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Neutrophils

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Antibodies, Neoplasm; Antigens, Neoplasm; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Cell Line; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Infant; Leukemia; Lung Neoplasms; Lysosomes; Male; Melanoma; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Osteosarcoma; Rats; Sarcoma; Sex Factors; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Breast Neoplasms; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Diagnosis, Differential; Esophageal Neoplasms; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukocytes; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Rectal Neoplasms; Stomach Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Esterases; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lectins; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Multiple Myeloma; Peroxidases; Sarcoma

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Marrow; Diagnosis, Differential; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Isoenzymes; Liver; Lymphatic Diseases; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Spleen

To detect antigens in the plasma of pregnant women that were not found in nonpregnant untreated normal women or males, highly sensitive immunodiffusion techniques with hyperimmune rabbit antiserum were used. The number of pregnancy-associated plasma constituents increased as pregnancy progressed in the 165 patients studied, with all 4 constituents usually seen in the third trimester. The 60 males and 111 nonpregnant women studied did not show any of these antigens. There were significant differences between second and third trimester reactions. (p less than .001). None of the antigens represented human chorionic gonadotropin, human placental lactogen, oxytocin, C-reactive protein, oxytocinase, alkaline phosphatase, or esterase. One of these constituents is present during combined estrogen-progesterone therapy.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Amniotic Fluid; Animals; Antigen-Antibody Complex; Antigens; Black People; C-Reactive Protein; Carcinoma, Basosquamous; Catalase; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Female; Hemadsorption; Hexosaminidases; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Immune Sera; Immunodiffusion; Male; Pregnancy; Prolactin; Rabbits; Umbilical Cord; White People

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Diagnosis, Differential; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Lymphadenitis; RNA, Neoplasm; Time Factors

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Asparaginase; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Carcinoma; Depression, Chemical; Esterases; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytes; Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid; Lymphatic Diseases; Multiple Myeloma; Peroxidases; Stimulation, Chemical

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Cell Differentiation; Esterases; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Proteins; Culture Techniques; Female; Glucuronidase; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Infectious Mononucleosis; Lectins; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma, Follicular; Lysosomes; Malate Dehydrogenase; Male; Middle Aged; Plasmacytoma; Sarcoidosis; Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Culture Techniques; Esterases; Glycogen; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Lectins; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antigens; Cell Division; Clone Cells; Culture Techniques; DNA, Neoplasm; Esterases; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Lectins; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Lysosomes; Models, Theoretical; RNA, Neoplasm; Streptolysins; Tuberculin

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Biopsy; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Colorimetry; Esophageal Neoplasms; Female; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Intestinal Neoplasms; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Leukemia; Liver Neoplasms; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Melanoma; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Neoplasms; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Prostatic Neoplasms; Tongue Neoplasms; Urogenital Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Biopsy; DNA; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Lymph Nodes; RNA

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Age Factors; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Avitaminosis; Bone Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Chronic Disease; Diabetes Mellitus; Esophageal Neoplasms; Estrus; Female; Hematologic Diseases; Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Infections; Leukemia; Leukocytes; Liver Diseases; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Myocardial Infarction; Neutrophils; Pregnancy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiation Injuries; Stress, Physiological

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Brain Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Esterases; Female; Granulation Tissue; Granuloma, Giant Cell; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Hydrolases; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Neoplasms; Ovarian Neoplasms; Oxidoreductases; Rats

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Blood; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Blood Platelet Disorders; Blood Platelets; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Liver Cirrhosis; Plasma; Platelet Count; Potassium; Primary Myelofibrosis; Thrombocythemia, Essential

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Isoenzymes; Lymph Nodes; Lymphadenitis; Lymphatic Metastasis; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Neoplasms; Sarcoma; Syphilis; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Anemia; Anemia, Aplastic; Azo Compounds; Blood Cells; Bone Marrow Cells; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Multiple Myeloma; Mycosis Fungoides; Neoplasms; Polycythemia Vera; Sarcoma