acid-phosphatase and Hemorrhage

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the mechanism of protective effect of semisoluble beta-1,3-carboxymethylglucan (CMG) during acute massive hemorrhage. CBA mice were injected i.v. with glucan (25 mg/kg) 24 h prior to hemorrhage (50% of blood circulating volume). Survival data indicated that glucan increased survival compared with control. However, alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor activity in serum have been even decreased 24 h after glucan administration. Moreover enhancement of active oxygen form production and leakage of cytosol and lysosomal enzymes after CMG application were noted.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Animals; beta-Galactosidase; beta-Glucans; Glucans; Hemorrhage; Lysosomes; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred CBA

1. Japanese quail eggs were exposed to 2.45 GHz continuous wave microwave radiation at an incident power density of 5 mW/cm2 and a specific absorption rate of 4.03 mW/g during the first 12 days of embryogeny. 2. After hatching, serum biochemical changes in response to hemorrhagic stress were measured following a hemorrhage of 30% of the calculated total blood volume. 3. Lactate dehydrogenase, beta-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase, glucose and protein were not affected by microwave irradiation during embryogeny either before or after hemorrhage. 4. Microwave irradiation in ovo affected the response of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity to hemorrhagic stress in Japanese quail.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Blood Glucose; Blood Proteins; Coturnix; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Enzymes; Glucuronidase; Hemorrhage; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Microwaves; Quail

Studies were performed on mature Wistar strain rats, subjected to 43 degrees C environmental temperature for 4 h at a relative air humidity of 60-70%. Spinal cords of rats sacrificed 1, 24, 48, 72 h and one week after hyperthermia served as a material for the studies. Routinely stained preparations (H+E, Nissl) and enzymatic activity of some phosphatases and esterases was estimated as well in sections subjected to Feulgen reaction karyo- and cytophotometric measurements were performed on cell nuclei of anterior horns neurocytes, anterior columns oligodendrocytes and on anterior funicle astrocytes of the spinal cord lumbar segment. The hyperthermia resulted in rat spinal cords in several morphological and histochemical alterations. Signs of diffuse spinal cord lesion of vascular origin were present with degenerative alterations of neurocytes, oligodendroglia proliferation and astroglia hyperplasia. In histoenzymatic studies changes in enzymatic activity of NsE, AChE, ChE, AcP, ATPase and TPPase were noted. They were dependent upon the time which elapsed after hyperthermia. Karyo- and cytophotometric measurements demonstrated cell nuclei oedema in neurocytes, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes associated with a decrease in the relative DNA level and changes in density and concentration of nuclear chromatin. The observed morphological, histoenzymatic and cytophotometric changes were of a reversible type and majority of them vanished within a week after hyperthermia.

Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Acid Anhydride Hydrolases; Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Astrocytes; Carboxylesterase; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Cholinesterases; Edema; Female; Hemorrhage; Hot Temperature; Male; Neurons; Nucleotidases; Oligodendroglia; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Spinal Cord; Spinal Diseases

Studies were performed on adult rats of Wistar strain given four 7-days-spaced intraperitoneal doses of BCNU with single dose resembling to used in clinical practice. The animals were sacrificed at the seventh day after the last dose of the drug. Morphological alterations were evaluated in H + E or cresyl violet stained sections. In frozen microtome sections histoenzymatic reactions were performed to detect enzymatic activity of some phosphatases and esterases. Karyo- and cytophotometric measurements of pyramidal cell nuclei in frontal and parietal cortex and of motor neurons in trigeminal nerve nucleus were performed in sections subjected to Feulgen reaction, using automatic microscopic image analyzer "Morphoquant" (VEB Carl Zeiss, Jena). The performed studies showed that administration of multiple therapeutic doses of BCNU lead to primary injury of vascular wall as oedema and proliferation of endothelium and small perivascular haemorrhages. The cytostatic drug induced a decrease in NsE and AlkP enzymatic activities, increased activity of AChE, ChE, AcP and ATPase and topographically variable changes in intensity of TPPase enzymatic reaction. Several karyo- and cytophotometric alterations were observed also in neurocyte cell nuclei which became elongated and acquired a more round shape. This was associated with a decrease in relative DNA content, loosening of nuclear chromatin structure and with shifting chromatin lumps toward periphery of cell nuclei.

Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Brain; Carmustine; Cell Nucleus; Cholinesterases; Chromatin; DNA; Edema; Esterases; Female; Hemorrhage; Male; Neurons; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Thiamine Pyrophosphatase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Blood Proteins; Female; Hemorrhage; Humans; Obstetric Labor Complications; Phosphorus; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular; Sialic Acids

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Blood Platelets; Child; Child, Preschool; Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; Hemorrhage; Humans; Infant; Lymphocytes; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic; Succinate Dehydrogenase

The activity of lysosomal enzymes of the pancreas and the liver has been studied during induction and onset of acute hemorrhagic pancreatic necrosis with fat necrosis (AHPN) in mice. We induced AHPN by feeding the animals a choline-deficient (CD) diet containing 0.5% DL-ethionine (CDE). Control animals were fed either laboratory chow or a plain CD DIET. Increased total activities of cathespin B1, beta-galactosidase, and acid phosphatase were found to occur in pancreas homogenates of mice fed the CDE diet for 2 and 3 days. Release of cathespin B1 into pancreas cytosol was observed after 1 day of feeding. beta-galactosidase and acid phosphatase were increased in pancreas cytosol after 2 and 3 days of feeding. Changes in total activity and location of the lysosomal enzymes did not occur in the liver. Feeding the CD and CDE diets resulted in an increase in the free activity of lysosomal enzymes of both the pancreas and the liver, suggesting the existence of alterations in the lysosomal membrane. Pancreas and liver homogenates were stored on ice up to 3 hours, and the free activity of acid phosphatase and beta-galactosidase were determined at various time intervals. The free activity of both enzymes increased progressively for 3 hours in the pancreas but not in the liver. It is concluded that: 1) induction of AHPN in mice is accompanied by an increase in the activity of lysosomal enzymes of the acinar cells of the pancreas; 2) cathepsin B1 may be responsible for triggering an intraparenchymal activation of zymogens, and 3) pancreatic lysosomes are labilized more easily than liver lysosomes.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cathepsins; Choline Deficiency; Ethionine; Female; Galactosidases; Hemorrhage; Liver; Lysosomes; Mice; Necrosis; Pancreas; Pancreatic Diseases

The activity of optic density of preparations of cat kidneys by studying lactic, succinic-, glycoso-6-phosphoric-beta-oxybutyrate, NAD.H2-, NADP.H2-tetrazolium-reductases, alkaline and acid phosphatases, was investigated in intact animals, those under hexenal anesthesia, under conditions of a 5-hour hypotension caused by administration of a ganglioblocker (arphonade), 24 hours after the termination of artificial hypotension and in profuse blood letting. Analysis of the optic density distribution curves showed that under conditions of acute vascular insufficiency all the nephron parts reacted by different changes of the enzymatic activity. These changes clearly demonstrated a sharp fall of the energy importance of the main oxidation way (Krebs cycle) and of the prevalence of glycolytic way and pentose shunt under conditions of circulatory hypoxia.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Cats; Hemorrhage; Histocytochemistry; Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase; Hypotension; Kidney; Male; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Succinate Dehydrogenase

The effect of feeding stable strontium (Sr) on the tissue alkaline and acid phosphatase activities was studied in young rats. These activities were reduced in liver and small intestine by 10% to 15% at 2 weeks, 20% to 30% at 4 weeks and in kidney by 20% at 6 weeks only in rats fed 2% Sr diet; bone alkaliine phosphatase activity was, however, increased by 80% to 100% (2-6 weeks) in these rats. Gross lesions like paralysis, hemorrhage, rickets and high mortality were observed after 4 to 6 weeks. Although no such lesions were seen, appreciable changes in enzyme activities as mentioned above were discernible in rats fed 1% Sr diet for 6 weeks. Feeding of a 0.5% Sr diet for a period up to 6 weeks had no deleterious effect. Recovery following consumption of a normal diet for 2 weeks was almost complete in liver and small intestine but not in kidney. The elevated tissue Sr levels do not explain the pronounced losses seen in this investigation as compared to those in the earlier in vitro experiments. This study depicts the possible damage due to prolonged therapeutic use of large amounts of stable Sr for the removal of radiostrontium.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Body Weight; Bone and Bones; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hemorrhage; Intestine, Small; Kidney; Liver; Male; Paralysis; Rats; Strontium

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Animals; Cathepsins; Dogs; Hemorrhage; Lipase; Pancreatitis; Phospholipases; Trypsin

Tumours induced in mice, either CBA normal and chimaerical, or C3H, by (90)Sr or (226)Ra or plutonium have been examined histochemically with (1) diazotate fast red violet LB salt in naphthol AS-MX phosphate buffer at pH 8·6 and 5·2, (2) 1: 9 dimethyl methylene blue (Taylor).It is concluded:(a) The diagnosis of osteosarcoma is facilitated with Taylor's Blue which stains osteoid metachromatically. Cells of osteosarcoma, like normal osteoblasts, contain alkaline phosphatase but this may be lost by mutation either in the original tumour or subsequently on passage of the tumour serially to compatible hosts.(b) Osteosarcomata may contain giant-cells of two forms, bizarre tumour cells and osteoclasts; the latter contain acid phosphatase. Osteosarcomata which retain their osteoid on serial passage have few cells containing acid phosphatases.(c) Primitive mesenchymal cell tumours of angiomatous form may occur, if the bone marrow is irradiated, e.g. by (90)Sr-(90)Y and Pu. These tumours lack osteoid and cells interpretable as osteoblasts or osteoclasts (though they destroy bone).(d) Tumours classifiable as fibrosarcomata occur rarely, and may be truly of fibroblastic origin or be mutated osteosarcomata.(e) Lymphomata also occur when the marrow is irradiated ((90)Sr-(90)Y and Pu). They may be generalized, when their cells may contain alkaline phosphatase or lack it. They may be localized to abdominal viscera, the reticulo-sarcomatous form, in which case the cells lack alkaline phosphatase.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Color; Coloring Agents; Fibrosarcoma; Hemorrhage; Histocytochemistry; Lymphoma; Mesenchymoma; Mice; Neoplasms, Experimental; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced; Osteosarcoma; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Plutonium; Radiation Dosage; Radioisotopes; Radium; Staining and Labeling; Strontium Radioisotopes; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Yttrium Isotopes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Blood Coagulation Factors; Blood Coagulation Tests; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Ethanol; Fibrinolysis; Hemorrhage; Hemostasis; Humans; Male; Preoperative Care; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cell Membrane; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cyclophosphamide; Epithelial Cells; Erythrocytes; Extracellular Space; Female; Formamides; Hemorrhage; Mesylates; Microscopy, Electron; Nitrosamines; Nitrosourea Compounds; Phagocytosis; Rats; Urinary Bladder

Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (A.P.L.) is a rare but important type of acute myeloid leukaemia characterized by major bleeding in association with thrombocytopenia, a specific peripheral blood and bone marrow picture, low plasma fibrinogen, and the presence in the serum of fibrin degradation products. These last abnormalities are related to the disseminated intravascular consumption of coagulation factors with secondary fibrinolysis. A.P.L. requires early recognition and urgent treatment. With optimal management up to half of the patients may achieve complete remission of two years or more. Undoubtedly patients with A.P.L. do especially well when treated in special centres and some patients with A.P.L. now die before the nature of their disease is recognized. Increased familiarity with the problem, which has been known for nearly 20 years, should yield great dividends for those few patients who have this disease.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Binding Sites; Bone Marrow Cells; Erythrocytes; Factor V; Factor VIII; Fibrinogen; Hematuria; Hemorrhage; Heparin; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocyte Count; Peroxidases; Platelet Transfusion; Prognosis; Prothrombin; Purpura; Remission, Spontaneous; Thrombocytopenia; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Blood Cell Count; Blood Platelets; Blood Vessels; Chick Embryo; Chickens; Endothelium; Glucuronidase; Graft vs Host Reaction; Hemorrhage; Hexosaminidases; Hindlimb; Injections, Intravenous; Leukocyte Transfusion; Lysosomes; Microscopy, Electron; Ribonucleases; Spleen; Toes; Transplantation, Homologous

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bloodletting; Cell Membrane Permeability; Dogs; Hemorrhage; Hypoxia; Male; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Prothrombin; Time Factors; Transaminases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; Amino Acids; Animals; Carbohydrates; Chromatography; Electrophoresis; Enzyme Activation; Glycoproteins; Hemorrhage; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; Hydrolases; Mice; Phospholipases; Snakes; Venoms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Epinephrine; Hemorrhage; Histocytochemistry; Hyperemia; Injections, Intravenous; Lung; Pulmonary Edema; Rabbits

1. Autografts and homografts of full thickness skin were made on a hind limb of rabbits. During the following days the appearance and histological changes of the grafts were studied; the lymph flow from the limb, and the enzyme activities in the supernatant and cell pellet of the lymph after centrifugation were determined, as well as the enzyme activities in the graft roof and the underlying host tissue. It was further examined whether a lymphatic and vascular connexion occurred between graft and host tissue.2. During the first 5 days the grafts changed from pale blue to bright pink, became swollen, soft and had a mild cellular inflammatory exudate. Autografts then became pale, took on the appearance of normal skin with the inflammatory changes subsiding, whereas homografts became firm, showed heavy mononuclear cell infiltration, had a blotchy purple appearance due to thrombosis and haemorrhage, developed widespread necrosis and changed into a black hard scab which was eventually shed. With high dose homografts (6-8 grafts) these changes occurred 1-2 days earlier than with low dose (2-4) grafts.3. The flow of lymph increased during the first 5 days after grafting, then returned to normal with autografts but remained increased with homografts.4. In the supernatant of the lymph the activities of LDH and beta-glucuronidase did not change during the first 5 days but activities of cathepsin, acid phosphatase, GOT and GPT increased. With the autografts the increase in the activities of these four enzymes then subsided, but with the homografts they increased further and there was an increase in the activities of LDH and beta-glucuronidase, even greater than in those of the other four enzymes.5. In the cell pellets of the lymph the activities of the six enzymes did not increase during the first 5 days; with homografts, but not with autografts, they then increased. These increases occurred even though the cell count in the pellet remained unchanged. Thus some of the lymphocytes must have become ;activated' to contain higher enzyme activities.6. The enzyme activities in the roof tissue did not parallel those in lymph. They did not change during the first three days. During the following three days the activities of acid phosphatase, LDH, beta-glucuronidase and cathepsin increased, but not those of GOT and GPT which remained low. From then onwards the behaviour was different with auto- and homografts. With autografts only the activity of acid phosphatase continued t

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Cathepsins; Glucuronidase; Graft Rejection; Hemorrhage; Hindlimb; Inflammation; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lymph; Lymphocytes; Necrosis; Rabbits; Skin; Skin Transplantation; Thrombosis; Time Factors; Transplantation, Autologous; Transplantation, Homologous; Wound Healing

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Blood Coagulation Factors; Blood Platelet Disorders; Hemorrhage; Humans; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cricetinae; Hemorrhage; Lymphoma; Macrophages; Monocytes; Necrosis; Neoplasm Transplantation; Transplantation, Homologous

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cricetinae; Cytoplasmic Granules; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Hemorrhage; Histocytochemistry; Melanins; Melanoma; Microscopy; Microscopy, Electron; Necrosis; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neoplasms, Experimental; Oncogenic Viruses; Ribosomes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Hemorrhage; Liver; Liver Diseases; Necrosis; Rats; Transducers; Ultrasonics

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Caseins; Centrifugation, Zonal; Hemorrhage; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Iodine Isotopes; Liver; Lysosomes; Microsomes; Permeability; Plasminogen; Proteins; Rats; Stress, Physiological

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Anaphylaxis; Animals; Antibody Formation; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Arthus Reaction; Blood Cell Count; Blood Platelets; Blood Pressure; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Glucuronidase; Hemorrhage; Hydrolases; Hypersensitivity; Hypotension; Immunity, Active; Immunity, Maternally-Acquired; Inflammation; Injections, Intravenous; Leukocytes; Leukopenia; Lung; Lysosomes; Methods; Microscopy, Electron; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Peptide Hydrolases; Pulmonary Circulation; Rabbits; Rats; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Swine

Topics: Abdominal Injuries; Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Brain; Electron Transport Complex IV; Glucose; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Heart Diseases; Hemorrhage; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Malate Dehydrogenase; Oxidation-Reduction; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Rats; Succinate Dehydrogenase