acid-phosphatase and Granuloma--Giant-Cell

Clinical and histologic features of 26 cases of canine peripheral giant cell granuloma (formerly giant cell epulis) are reported. Two main histologic categories were evident: (1) "classic" peripheral giant cell granuloma, characterized by variable numbers of multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) admixed with densely cellular mononuclear spindle-shaped cells in variable amounts of collagenous matrix, and (2) the "collision" peripheral giant cell granuloma, with features of both a peripheral giant cell granuloma and a fibromatous epulis of periodontal ligament origin. In the 16 dogs for which the outcome was known, 2 peripheral giant cell granulomas recurred after excision. No age or sex predilection was evident; however, lesions were more common in maxillary than in mandibular gingiva. In contrast to cats, peripheral giant cell granulomas in dogs behave like fibromatous epulides of periodontal ligament origin and seldom recur after excision. Positive staining with TRAP (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase) of the MNGCs and a fraction of the mononuclear cell population is consistent with osteoclastic origin.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cats; Diagnosis, Differential; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Giant Cells; Gingiva; Granuloma, Giant Cell; Isoenzymes; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Male; Osteoclasts; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Ligament; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

Giant cell granulomas of the jaws are lesions that arise either peripherally in periodontal ligament and mucoperiosteum or centrally in the bone. The aim of this study was to evaluate expression of CD68 and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) proteins in multinucleated giant cells and mononuclear cells.. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue section of 20 specimens of central giant cell granuloma and 20 cases of peripheral giant cell granuloma were immunohistochemically analyzed for CD68 and TRAP proteins expression rate using Biotin-Streptavidin method.. In central giant cell granuloma, more than 99% of multinucleated giant cells were positive for TRAP antibody and about 90% were positive for CD68. In mononuclear cells of this lesion, 14% of cases were positive with TRAP antibody and 8% with CD68. In peripheral giant cell granuloma, TRAP antibody was positive in 99% of giant cells and in 13% of mononuclear cells. A proportion of 97% of giant cells and 6% of mononuclear cells reacted positively with CD68.. Immunohistochemical evidence of this study shows that giant cells and a group of mononuclear cells of stroma in both peripheral and central giant cell granuloma express TRAP antibody severely that is specific for osteoclast. Also, these cells are positive reactive to CD68, which is the macrophage marker and therefore it can be mentioned that giant cells are osteoclast, although their origins are macrophagic/monocytic or their precursors, and maybe mononuclear cells in stroma have a role in formation of giant cells.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Cell Lineage; Giant Cells; Granuloma, Giant Cell; Histiocytes; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Isoenzymes; Jaw Diseases; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Macrophages; Osteoblasts; Osteoclasts; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

Cherubism (CBM) and central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) of the jaw and giant cell tumor (GCT) of the long bone are clinically different diseases. Histologically, they are all multinucleated giant cell (MGC)-containing lesions. This study aims to evaluate the expression of c-Src and cytologic features in CBM, CGCG and GCT and to clarify whether there is a common mechanism underlying the formation of multi-nucleated giant cells (MGCs) in these lesions. Specimens and paraffin blocks were collected from patients with CBM (12 cases), CGCG (24 cases) and GCT (37 cases). Histomorpho-metric differences in MGCs were compared among the three types of lesions. The expression of c-Src by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization and the expression of TRAP by enzyme histochemical staining were examined. Expression of c-Src mRNA and protein, as well as TRAP staining, was detected in both MGCs and a fraction of mononuclear cells in all investigated lesions. There are no quantitative differences for cytologic features and c-Src expression among the lesions. The results suggested that CBM, CGCG and GCT have overlapping cytological features at the histological level, and c-Src may be involved in the formation of MGCs in the three different diseases.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Bone Neoplasms; Cherubism; Child; Gene Expression; Giant Cell Tumor of Bone; Giant Cells; Granuloma, Giant Cell; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Isoenzymes; Middle Aged; Proto-Oncogene Proteins pp60(c-src); Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

Giant cell granuloma (GCG) is an osteolytic tumour of the jaw which is characterised by the presence of both mononuclear and multinucleated (osteoclast-like) giant cell components. The nature of these component cells and the pathogenesis of the extensive osteolysis associated with this lesion is uncertain.. Using cell culture techniques and immunohistochemistry, we defined the phenotypic characteristics of the mononuclear and multinucleated cells present in four cases of GCG of the jaw. We also analysed the cellular and humoral factors associated with osteoclast formation and osteolysis in these tumours and determined whether GCG stromal cells are capable of supporting osteoclast formation.. GCG-derived giant cells expressed the phenotypic characteristics of osteoclasts (TRAP+, VNR+, and calcitonin responsive) and were capable of lacunar resorption. In addition to macrophages, the mononuclear cell population contained numerous spindle-shaped stromal cells which proliferated in culture and expressed RANKL; these GCG-stromal cells were capable of supporting human osteoclast formation from circulating monocyte precursors.. Our findings indicate that the giant cells in GCG of the jaw are osteoclast-like and formed from monocyte/macrophage precursors which differentiate into osteoclasts under the influence of RANKL-expressing mononuclear stromal cells found in this lesion.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Biomarkers; Bone Resorption; Calcitonin; Carrier Proteins; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; Child; Female; Giant Cells; Granuloma, Giant Cell; Humans; Isoenzymes; Macrophages; Male; Mandibular Diseases; Membrane Glycoproteins; Middle Aged; NF-kappa B; Osteoclasts; Osteolysis; Phenotype; RANK Ligand; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; Receptors, Vitronectin; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

A case of giant cell granuloma (GCG) that occurred in the right temporal bone is reported. The lesion showed histologic features identical to GCG. The multinuclear giant cells (MGCs) in the lesion showed strong reactivity with CD68, but patchy staining for myeloid/histiocyte antigen, alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsine, and lysozyme. Activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase was also consistently detected in the MGCs. Some of the mononuclear cells of the lesion exhibited similar immunocytochemical and histochemical reactivity as the MGCs. Ki-67 staining, however, was only detected in the mononuclear cells. The MGCs isolated from the lesion presented characteristic morphology of osteoclasts and possessed the ability to excavate bone in vitro. Thus, the MGCs in GCG appeared to express both macrophage- and osteoclast-associated phenotypes. The mononuclear cells were the major proliferative elements in the lesion and a subpopulation of these cells may represent precursors of the MGCs.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Bone Diseases; Culture Techniques; Follow-Up Studies; Granuloma, Giant Cell; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Isoenzymes; Male; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Temporal Bone

Giant cell lesions of the oral cavity are a well recognized entity. However, the histogenesis of these lesions is still the subject of controversy, with support for both histiocyte/macrophage and osteoclast origins being found in the literature. This study evaluated a set of peripheral giant cell lesions (PGCLs) and central giant cell lesions (CGCLs) for characteristics of both cell types to address this dilemma.. Detection of histiocyte/macrophage characteristics was accomplished immunohistochemically by evaluating for markers specific for this cell type, namely alpha-1 -antichymotrypsin (1 -ACT) and factor XIIIa antibodies. Detection of osteoclast characteristics made use of the fact that osteoclasts possess a unique enzyme, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, which can be appreciated by histochemical procedures.. A large percentage of the multinucleated cells stained with the 1-ACT (38.08% in PGCLs and 15.84% in CGCLs), while only isolated cells stained for factor XIIIa (1.20% PGCLs, 0.99% CGCLs). Isolated stromal cells also were stained. Virtually all multinucleated cells reacted with the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase stain (99.26% PGCLs, 98.34% CGCLs), as did a number of the mononuclear stromal cells.. This study supports the contention that GCLs of the oral cavity may arise from precursor cells related to the granulocyte/macrophage line, and may originate from mononuclear cells that express markers for both macrophages and osteoclasts.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin; Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor; Cell Lineage; Coagulants; Giant Cell Tumors; Giant Cells; Granulocytes; Granuloma, Giant Cell; Histiocytes; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Isoenzymes; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Macrophages; Mouth Diseases; Mouth Neoplasms; Osteoclasts; Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; Stem Cells; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Transglutaminases

The histochemistry of armadillo skin has been studied. The dendritic cells are extremely large, very sharply outlined by methods for alkaline phosphatase and alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase, and they are dopa-negative. The mastocytes, however, are dopa-oxidase-positive, probably due to peroxidase rather than tyrosinase activity. The giant cells of the granulomas normally seen in the dermis of the armadillo are strongly beta-glucuronidase-positive. These giant cells are evidently foreign body cells reacting to the crystals always present in the dermis of the armadillo. The centre of these crystals, which are cholesterol and fat-negative, is alkaline phosphatase-positive. Further study of the mastocytes and dendritic cells is necessary to elucidate their nature.

Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Armadillos; Esterases; Glucuronidase; Granuloma, Giant Cell; Monophenol Monooxygenase; Skin; Xenarthra

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Biopsy; Cell Nucleus; Cytoplasm; Cytoplasmic Granules; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase; Gingival Diseases; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Granuloma, Giant Cell; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Microscopy, Electron; Phagocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase; Esterases; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; Granuloma, Giant Cell; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Periodontal Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Brain Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Esterases; Female; Granulation Tissue; Granuloma, Giant Cell; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Hydrolases; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Neoplasms; Ovarian Neoplasms; Oxidoreductases; Rats