acid-phosphatase and Glucosephosphate-Dehydrogenase-Deficiency

Diseases of the blood and bone marrow are commonly associated with abnormalities of oxido-reductase and lysosomal enzymes within individual erythrocytes and leucocytes. There are considerable technical difficulties, however, in adapting enzyme histochemical techniques to the study of haemopoietic tissue since individual cells are readily disrupted during processing, show variable enzyme activity according to the stage of maturation, and possess a lipoprotein cytoplasmic membrane which hinders reagent penetration. Cytochemical techniques for the study of oxido-reductase systems are of importance in the study of the neutrophil in infected patients, the erythrocyte in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, and the primitive blast cell in acute leukaemia. Lysosomal enzymes are of importance in the study of the neutrophil in infected patients and in the differential diagnosis of acute leukaemia. Some examples of recent studies of these enzyme systems are given to illustrate technical procedures involving cytocentrifugation of cells on to glass slides, adjustment of the osmolality of the reaction mixture, and the study of smeared cells as opposed to cells incubated in suspension.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Erythrocytes; Esterases; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Glucuronidase; Heterozygote; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia; Methods; Muramidase; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Neutrophils; Peroxidases; Sulfatases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Agranulocytosis; Blood Bactericidal Activity; Chediak-Higashi Syndrome; Chemotaxis; Child, Preschool; Complement System Proteins; Cytoplasmic Granules; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Humans; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Leukocytes; Liver; Lysosomes; Macrophages; Male; Monocytes; Mononuclear Phagocyte System; Muramidase; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Neutrophils; Opsonin Proteins; Peroxidases; Phagocyte Bactericidal Dysfunction; Phagocytosis; Spleen

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alleles; Cholinesterases; DNA; Enzymes; Genetic Code; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Humans; Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Molecular Biology; Mutation; Pentosyltransferases; Polymorphism, Genetic; Pyruvate Kinase

The rats exposed for 14 weeks to odourless kerosene mists (concentration of 75 and 300 mg/m3) had their urinary chemical and morphotic composition determined. In addition, morphological and cytoenzymatic examinations of kidneys were carried out. The findings were: increased pH and protein concentration and single erythrocytes in urine and also: passive congestion of renal cortex and medulla, infiltrates composed of granulocytes and eosinophils and albuminous casts in renal tubules. Decreased activity of succinate dehydrogenase, glucoso-6-phosphatase, Mg++ stimulated adenosinotriphosphatase and increased activity of acid phosphatase were found. Those changes were localized in cortical part of the kidney especially in the main tubules epithelial cells. The observed functional, morphological and cytoenzymatic changes depended on the magnitude of exposure. The obtained results confirm that kerosene hydrocarbons may exhibit toxic effects on the kidney function and structure.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Air Pollutants; Air Pollutants, Occupational; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Diuresis; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Hyperemia; Kerosene; Kidney; Male; NADH Tetrazolium Reductase; Petroleum; Proteinuria; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Time Factors

The present work reports a study of nine genetic polymorphic systems in the area of the Po Delta where malaria was endemic since the XIV century. Our data confirm some characteristics of this population already reported by other authors such as the high prevalence of thalassemia, the low prevalence of the rh (d) gene and the presence of G-6-PD deficiency. Among the other systems studied, i.e., AP, PGM1 ADA and AK, only AP frequencies of Po Delta population are significantly different from those of other continental Italian populations, the PC allele showing the lowest frequency so far observed.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Blood Group Antigens; Gene Frequency; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Humans; Italy; Phenotype; Polymorphism, Genetic; Thalassemia

In a sample of Bengali Muslems from Dacca, haptoglobin, group-specific component, haemoglobin, adenosine deaminase, adenylate kinase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase, acid phosphatase and several other red cell enzyme types were studied. For most serum protein and red cell enzyme systems the gene frequencies are similar to those in other populations to the west of Bangladesh, but others suggest affinity with populations to the east.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Deaminase; Adenylate Kinase; Alpha-Globulins; Bangladesh; Erythrocytes; Gene Frequency; Genetic Variation; Genetics, Population; Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Haptoglobins; Hemoglobins; Hemoglobins, Abnormal; Humans; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Malate Dehydrogenase; Phenotype; Phosphoglucomutase; Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase

Anthropological studies were done on 1276 Libyans from the Mediterranean cities of Tripoli and Benghazi, and from Sabha southward in The Sahara. The incidences of hemoglobin (Hb)-S and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency were low in the coastal areas and significantly high in Sabha. Hb-C occurred sporadically in Tripoli and Sabha, and was absent from Benghazi in the east. One case of Hb-J Benghazi was noted. There were no sigificant differences in the ABO blood group and Rh0 (D) type distributions in the three localities. G-6-PD gene GdAfrequency was significantly high in Sabha. The lowest value of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) gene PGDA frequency and highest value of the gene PGDC were in Sabha. Adenylate kinase (AK) gene AK2 was only detectable in Tripoli. Acid phosphatase (AP) gene Pa frequency in Sabha was more than twice that in Tripoli and Benghazi, while pc was distinctly lower in Sabha than in the northern cities. Haptoglobin gene Hp1 frequency was almost identical in all areas. Anthropometric measurements revealed overall homogeneity of the three samples, closer similarity in the coastal region to adjacent North African populations, and Negroid influence in the Sahara Libyans. Anthropometry substantiated findings from blood markers.

Topics: ABO Blood-Group System; Acid Phosphatase; Adenylate Kinase; Anthropometry; Black People; Body Height; Body Weight; Child; Egypt; Favism; Female; Gene Frequency; Genetics, Population; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Haptoglobins; Hemoglobin H; Hemoglobins; Humans; Libya; Male; Phenotype; Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase; Racial Groups; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System; Thalassemia

The frequency of PC allele for acid phosphatase in fourteen Sardinian villages correlates positively with the altitude and negatively with past malarial morbidity and GdMed prevalence. The susceptibility towards hemolytic favism in Sardinian males with G6PD deficiency is dependent on the erythrocyte acid phosphatase and thalassemia phenotypes. Thalassemia trait exerts a protective action only in subjects carrying PA allele for acid phosphatase. The data suggest that the gradient for malaria morbidity directly or indirectly, through interactions with thalassemia and G6PD polymorphisms, mediated by the habit of eating Vecia faba, may have had a significant role in determining the heterogeneous distribution of acid phosphatase polymorphism in Sardinia. Besides malaria, other environmental factors related with altitude seem to have been very important in shaping the present pattern of distribution of both acid phosphatase and G6PD polymorphisms in Sardinia.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alleles; Altitude; Animals; Erythrocytes; Favism; Female; Gene Frequency; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Italy; Malaria; Male; Polymorphism, Genetic; Thalassemia

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aminohydrolases; Erythrocytes; Ethnicity; Female; Gene Frequency; Genetic Variation; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Humans; Inbreeding; India; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Marriage; Phenotype; Phosphoglucomutase; Phosphotransferases; Polymorphism, Genetic; Social Class

Topics: ABO Blood-Group System; Acid Phosphatase; Anthropometry; Body Height; Body Weight; Cephalometry; Child; Egypt; Ethnicity; Female; Gene Frequency; Genetics, Population; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Haptoglobins; Hemoglobins; Humans; Male; Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase; Phosphotransferases; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Africa, Northern; Anthropometry; Black People; Blood Group Antigens; Child; Crosses, Genetic; Egypt; Electrophoresis, Starch Gel; Erythrocytes; Female; Gene Frequency; Genetic Variation; Genetics, Population; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Haptoglobins; Hemoglobins; Humans; Male; Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase; Phosphotransferases; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System; White People

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Blood Coagulation Factors; Blood Coagulation Tests; Blood Platelet Disorders; Blood Platelets; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Glycogen; Hemorrhagic Disorders; Humans; Metabolic Diseases; Microscopy, Electron; Platelet Adhesiveness

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Age Factors; Anemia, Hemolytic; Child; Child, Preschool; Erythrocytes; Favism; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Glutathione; Humans; Italy; Male; Plant Extracts; Thalassemia

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Black People; Catalase; Egypt; Erythrocytes; Female; Gene Frequency; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Hemoglobins; Heterozygote; Humans; Italy; Male; Phenotype; Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase; Pyrophosphatases; Spectrophotometry; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Superoxide Dismutase; United States; White People

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bacterial Infections; Blood Bactericidal Activity; Carbon Isotopes; Child; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Glucuronidase; Granuloma; Hexosephosphates; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Klebsiella Infections; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged; NAD; NADP; Oxidoreductases; Peroxidases; Phagocytosis; Pyridines; Sepsis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine; Adult; Aminohydrolases; Blood Protein Electrophoresis; Electrophoresis, Starch Gel; Erythrocytes; Gene Frequency; Genetics, Population; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Phenotype; Phosphoglucomutase; Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase; Phosphotransferases; Polymorphism, Genetic; Sri Lanka

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Endometrium; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Histocytochemistry; Infertility, Female; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; NAD; Oxidoreductases; Pregnancy; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Asia, Western; Erythrocytes; Ethnicity; Gene Frequency; Genetics, Population; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Mutation; Phosphoglucomutase; Phosphotransferases; Polymorphism, Genetic

The frequency of carriers of the P(a)and P(c) alleles of the gene for acid phosphatase in the erythrocyte is significantly higher in male subjects deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and having hemolytic clinical favism than it is in the general population. This observation seems to indicate that alleles (P(a) and P(c)) of a gene polymorphic in all human populations affect the fitness of the involved phenotypes in special genotypic and nongenotypic conditions.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alleles; Erythrocytes; Ethnicity; Favism; Female; Gene Frequency; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Humans; Male; Mediterranean Islands; Molecular Biology; Phenotype; Polymorphism, Genetic; Rome

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Adenofibroma; Aged; Biopsy; Carcinoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Middle Aged; Prostatic Neoplasms; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: ABO Blood-Group System; Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Biological Evolution; Black People; Blood Group Antigens; Blood Volume; Body Height; Central African Republic; Erythrocyte Count; Female; Genes; Genetics, Medical; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Haptoglobins; Hematocrit; Hemoglobinometry; Hemoglobins, Abnormal; Humans; Karyotyping; Male; Methods; Middle Aged; Osmotic Fragility; Phenotype; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System; Thalassemia; Transferrin

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaptonuria; Congenital Abnormalities; Enzymes; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Humans; Infant, Newborn

In a Chinese population 1,000 full-term male neonates and a further 117 jaundiced neonates of both sexes were studied in an investigation of the frequency of deficiency of erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). This enzyme was found to be deficient in 3.6% of male neonates. Correlation of the results with the birthplace of the 602 mothers who were known to come from Kwangtung province showed no significant differences in the frequency of the deficiency between certain parts of the province.The deficiency of G6PD in hemizygous males is profound but it is not associated with erythrocyte acid monophosphoesterase deficiency in Chinese in Hong Kong. The G6PD deficiency accounts for 15.4% of all the 117 cases of neonatal jaundice. The relative importance of G6PD deficiency as a cause of neonatal jaundice does not differ materially in male and female mutants. Neonatal jaundice can occur in all genotypes of G6PD mutation in Chinese.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Asian People; Erythrocytes; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Hong Kong; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Kernicterus; Male; Metabolic Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Asian People; Erythrocytes; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Male; Taiwan

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphate; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Black or African American; Erythrocytes; Female; Genetics, Population; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Glutathione Reductase; Hexokinase; Humans; Malaria; Male; Molecular Biology; Phosphoglucomutase; Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase; Phosphorus; Phosphotransferases; Plasmodium falciparum; Pyruvate Kinase; Thalassemia; White People

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Erythrocytes; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Glutathione; Hydrazines; In Vitro Techniques

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Electrophoresis; Erythrocytes; Genetics, Medical; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Glucosephosphates; Italy; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Enzyme Inhibitors; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Glucosephosphates; Liver; Milk; Phosphoglucomutase; Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase; Phosphotransferases; Rats; Research; Toxicology

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Animals; Electron Transport Complex II; Endometrium; Esterases; Estrus; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Glucosephosphates; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Mice; NAD; NADP; Nucleotidases; Oxidoreductases; Research; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Uterus