acid-phosphatase and Giant-Cell-Tumors

Initial studies indicated that bone and cartilage, when treated with a hypertonic glutaraldehyde fixative for a short period, retained significant enzyme activity for histochemistry and also maintained excellent fine structure. We used 6% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer, pH = 7.2, 4 degrees C to fix small pieces of bone or cartilage for three hours while the tissues were being constantly agitated. These samples were demineralized in 10% ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, buffered to pH = 7.2 with 0.1 M Tris HC1, at 4 degrees C. The demineralized tissue was frozen and cryostat sections 32 microns thick were taken for incubation at 37 degrees C in various media for histochemistry. For electron microscopic localization of enzymes a heavy metal capturing method had to be used. For light microscopy, the azo dye methods were frequently used, but these were not usable for electron microscopy. Alkaline phosphatase was found on the outer surface of osteoblast and hypertrophic cartilage cell membranes. The only intracellular enzyme activity was found on the mitochondrial membranes of the osteoclast and only when the pH of the media was lowered from the optimum 9.5 to 8.5. Alkaline phosphatase was not found along the osteocyte or young cartilage cell membranes...

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone and Bones; Bone Neoplasms; Cartilage; Cartilage Diseases; Cell Membrane; Giant Cell Tumors; Golgi Apparatus; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lysosomes; Mucolipidoses; Organoids; Osteoblasts; Osteoclasts; Osteocytes; Osteogenesis Imperfecta; Osteosarcoma; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases

Osteoclast-like giant cells (GCs) in giant cell tumors (GCTs) are thought to derive from a monocyte-macrophage lineage. Microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF) is necessary for osteoclast gene expression and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activation; c-Kit plays a role in regulation of MITF.. To gain insight into the differentiation of GCTs of bone (GCTBs) and GCTs tendon sheath (GCTTSs) by investigating immunohistochemical staining for c-Kit, MITF, TRAP, and HAM-56 in the GCs and stroma.. Immunoreactivity for CD117 (c-Kit), MITF, TRAP, and HAM-56 was studied in 35 GCTBs, 15 GCTTSs, and 5 foreign-body GC controls.. Across tumors, MITF and TRAP but not c-Kit were generally expressed in GCs; TRAP was variably expressed in stromal cells. The MITF was expressed more consistently in stromal cells of GCTTSs than GCTBs (P < .001). The GCTBs showed more intense MITF stromal (P < .001) and TRAP GC staining (P = .04) than GCTTSs. HAM-56 staining by stromal cells was associated with MITF stromal staining (r2 = 0.6, P < .001).. Results suggest that MITF and TRAP are expressed during osteoclast differentiation and that a proportion of mononuclear cells in GCTs express the macrophage marker HAM-56. Both GCTBs and GCTTSs show similar patterns of immunohistochemical expression.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Bone Neoplasms; Connective Tissue; DNA-Binding Proteins; Female; Giant Cell Tumors; Humans; Isoenzymes; Male; Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Osteoclasts; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit; Soft Tissue Neoplasms; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Tendons; Transcription Factors

Breast cancers commonly cause osteolytic metastases in bone, a process that is dependent upon osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, but the mechanism responsible for tumor-mediated osteoclast activation has not yet been clarified. In the present study we utilized a well-known human breast cancer cell line (MDA-231) in order to assess its capability to influence osteoclastogenesis in human bone marrow cultures and bone resorption in fully differentiated osteoclasts. We demonstrated that conditioned medium (CM) harvested from MDA-231 increased the formation of multinucleated TRAP-positive cells in bone marrow cultures. Bone resorption activity of fully differentiated human osteoclasts and of osteoclast-like cell lines, from giant cell tumors of bone (GCT), was highly increased by the presence of MDA-231 CM. Moreover, while MDA-231 by themselves did not produce IL-6 tumor cell, CM increased the secretion of IL-6 by primary human osteoclasts and GCT cell lines compared to untreated controls. These data suggest that MDA-231 produce osteoclastic activating factor(s) that increase both osteoclast formation in bone marrow culture and bone resorption activity by mature cells. Moreover, breast cancer cells stimulate IL-6 secretion by osteoclasts that is one of the factors known to supports osteoclastogenesis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Biomarkers; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Neoplasms; Bone Resorption; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media, Conditioned; Female; Giant Cell Tumors; Humans; Isoenzymes; Liver Neoplasms; Osteoclasts; Osteogenesis; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Although "giant cell tumor of soft parts" has traditionally been considered a single entity as reflected in the original term "malignant giant cell tumor of soft parts (MGCT)" and later by the term "malignant fibrous histiocytoma, giant cell type" the degree of atypia and mitotic activity varies in this group, suggesting biologic heterogeneity. The clinicopathologic features of 31 tumors meeting the traditional criteria of MGCT but having only mild to moderate nuclear atypia are presented. Patients with these tumors (19 females; 12 males) ranged in age from 14 to 84 years (mean, 40 years) and presented with masses of involving either superficial (n = 16) or deep (n = 13) soft tissue. Most occurred on the arm or hand (n = 16) and ranged in size from 0.7 to 6.5 cm (mean, 2.1 cm). The tumors consisted of sheets and nodules of rounded mononuclear cells that blended with spindled cells and benign osteoclastic giant cells. Pleomorphic giant cells were absent. Osteoid was noted in 10 cases, but features typically associated with tenosynovial giant cell tumors (such as dense stromal hyaline, siderophages, and xanthoma cells) were nearly always absent. Mitotic figures ranged from 1-10/10 HPF (mean, 2-3/10 high-powered field), and angiolymphatic invasion was present in 10 cases. Necrosis was absent, however. The mononuclear cells expressed CD68, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and smooth muscle actin, but lacked CD45, S100 protein, desmin, and lysozyme, an immunophenotypic profile identical to that of giant cell tumor of bone. Follow-up information in 19 patients (mean, 3 yrs; median, 1-7 yrs) indicated recurrences in four patients, but none developed metastasis. This behavior contrasts significantly with the high-grade behavior traditionally associated with MGCT of soft parts. These giant cell tumors can be consistently recognized by the lack of cytologic atypia even in the face of mitotic activity and vascular invasion. Although their long term metastatic risk is not fully defined, we propose they be termed "giant cell tumors of low malignant potential" and regarded as the soft tissue analogue of giant cell tumor of bone. The term "malignant giant cell tumor of soft parts" or giant cell malignant fibrous histiocytoma should be restricted to histologically high-grade lesions.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Actins; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Female; Giant Cell Tumors; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Isoenzymes; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle, Smooth; Soft Tissue Neoplasms; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

We have developed a new and simple system of human osteoclast formation by fusing peripheral blood monocytes with anti-Fusion Regulatory Protein-1 (anti-FRP-1) monoclonal antibody (mAb). When human blood monocytes were cultured in the presence of anti-FRP-1/CD98 mAbs, polykaryocytes began to appear at approximately 15 h and increased in size with time until 3-4 days of incubation with anti-FRP-1 mAb. These fused cells showed positive staining in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, possessed numerous calcitonin receptors, and were capable of bone resorption. These results strongly suggest that anti-FRP-1 antibody-induced multinucleated cells are osteoclasts. Furthermore, FRP-1 antigens were detected in osteoclasts isolated from human bone and in the osteoclast-like cells obtained from human giant cell tumors of bone.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Amino Acids; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Surface; Carrier Proteins; Cells, Cultured; Child; Femur; Fusion Regulatory Protein-1; Giant Cell Tumors; Giant Cells; Humans; Isoenzymes; Monocytes; Osteoclasts; Receptors, Calcitonin; Staining and Labeling; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) and the histologically related lesion giant cell tumor of tendon sheath (GCTTS) are idiopathic, proliferative lesions that can induce osteolysis and formation of bone cysts. These lesions contain two predominant cell types: mononuclear polyhedral cells and multinucleated cells (MNCs). Previous studies demonstrated that the mononuclear cells exhibit phenotypic features consistent with derivation from a monocyte/macrophage lineage. The cell lineage of the MNCs and their relationship to osteoclasts are not known. To characterize the MNCs in these lesions and to establish the relationship of these MNCs to osteoclasts, histological sections from six cases of PVNS and two cases of GCTTS were studied. Mononuclear cells expressed CD14 and HLA-DR, in keeping with their relationship to cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. Characterization of the MNCs revealed features associated with an osteoclast phenotype. Seven of the eight specimens contained MNCs that were intensely tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase positive; approximately 5% of the mononuclear cells were tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase positive, and these tended to surround MNCs. MNCs in both lesions reacted strongly with the 23C6 monoclonal antibody that recognizes the alpha V beta 3 integrin (the vitronectin receptor), as did several mononuclear cells surrounding the MNCs. Most MNCs did not express CD14 or HLA-DR. Expression of receptors for calcitonin, a marker for osteoclasts, was detected on MNCs after incubation of sections with 125I-labeled salmon calcitonin and emulsion autoradiography. MNCs in four of six PVNS and two of two GCTTS samples demonstrated specific calcitonin binding. Expression of mRNA for calcitonin receptor was confirmed in all cases by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. These results demonstrate that MNCs in PVNS and GCTTS express phenotypic features of authentic osteoclasts and suggest that osteoclast-like multinucleated cells can arise in synovial soft tissues remote from bone.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Giant Cell Tumors; Hand; HLA-DR Antigens; Humans; Knee Joint; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; Osteoclasts; Receptors, Calcitonin; Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular; Tendons; Vitronectin

Giant cell lesions of the oral cavity are a well recognized entity. However, the histogenesis of these lesions is still the subject of controversy, with support for both histiocyte/macrophage and osteoclast origins being found in the literature. This study evaluated a set of peripheral giant cell lesions (PGCLs) and central giant cell lesions (CGCLs) for characteristics of both cell types to address this dilemma.. Detection of histiocyte/macrophage characteristics was accomplished immunohistochemically by evaluating for markers specific for this cell type, namely alpha-1 -antichymotrypsin (1 -ACT) and factor XIIIa antibodies. Detection of osteoclast characteristics made use of the fact that osteoclasts possess a unique enzyme, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, which can be appreciated by histochemical procedures.. A large percentage of the multinucleated cells stained with the 1-ACT (38.08% in PGCLs and 15.84% in CGCLs), while only isolated cells stained for factor XIIIa (1.20% PGCLs, 0.99% CGCLs). Isolated stromal cells also were stained. Virtually all multinucleated cells reacted with the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase stain (99.26% PGCLs, 98.34% CGCLs), as did a number of the mononuclear stromal cells.. This study supports the contention that GCLs of the oral cavity may arise from precursor cells related to the granulocyte/macrophage line, and may originate from mononuclear cells that express markers for both macrophages and osteoclasts.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin; Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor; Cell Lineage; Coagulants; Giant Cell Tumors; Giant Cells; Granulocytes; Granuloma, Giant Cell; Histiocytes; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Isoenzymes; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Macrophages; Mouth Diseases; Mouth Neoplasms; Osteoclasts; Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; Stem Cells; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Transglutaminases

Osteoclasts (OCs), which form by fusion of hematopoietic precursor cells, are typically present in large numbers in giant cell tumors of bone (GCTBs). These tumors may, therefore, contain cells which secrete factors that stimulate recruitment and differentiation of OC precursors. Multinucleated cells resembling OCs also form in cultures of human cord blood monocytes (CBMs) stimulated by 1.25 dihydroxyvitamin D3, but these cells lack the ability to form bone resorption pits, the defining functional characteristic of mature OCs. CBMs may thus require additional stimulation to form OCs; we therefore investigated whether GCTBs are a source of such a stimulus. CBMs were stimulated in long term (21 day) culture by medium conditioned by explants of GCTBs; media collected within 15 days of explant (early-CM) and after 15 days (late-CM) were employed. We also cocultured CBMs with primary GCTB-derived stromal cells as well as immortalized bone marrow stroma-derived cells. CBMs stimulated by early-CM formed resorption pits on cortical bone slices; however, stimulation by late-CM resulted in virtually no resorption. Both early-CM and late-CM increased CBM proliferation, but not the proportion of vitronectin receptor positive or multinucleated cells. Coculture of CBMs with stromal cells of GCTBs or bone marrow did not result in bone resorption, although these stromal cells (most expressing alkaline phosphatase but progressively losing parathyroid hormone receptor expression) expressed mRNA for cytokines involved in OC differentiation, including macrophage-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage-CSF, IL-11, IL-6, and stem cell factor. Our results indicate that CBMs are capable of terminal OC differentiation in vitro, a process requiring 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 as well as diffusible factor(s) which can be derived from GCTB. Stromal cells of GCTB may produce such factors in vivo, but do not support OC differentiation in vitro, possibly through phenotypic instability in culture.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Base Sequence; Bone Neoplasms; Bone Resorption; Cell Differentiation; Cytokines; DNA Primers; Fetal Blood; Giant Cell Tumors; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Monocytes; Osteocalcin; Osteoclasts; Osteolysis; Receptors, Parathyroid Hormone; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Osteoclast-mediated bone resorption is accomplished by secretion of lysosomal proteases into an acidic extracellular compartment. We have previously demonstrated that avian osteoclasts and human osteoclast-like giant cell tumor cells respond in vitro to treatment with 17 beta-estradiol (17 beta-E2) by decreased bone resorption activity. To better understand the mechanism by which this is accomplished, we have investigated the effects of 17 beta-E2 treatment on lysosomal enzyme production and secretion by isolated avian osteoclasts and multinucleated cells from human giant cell tumors in vitro. Isolated cells were cultured with bone particles in the presence of either vehicle or steroid. The conditioned media and cells were harvested, and the levels of cathepsin B, cathepsin L, beta-glucuronidase, lysozyme, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activities were determined. There was a steroid dose-dependent decrease in secreted levels of these enzymes. Cell-associated levels of cathepsin L, beta-glucuronidase, and lysozyme decreased; whereas cell-associated levels of cathepsin B and TRAP increased. These changes were measurable at 10(-10) M and maximal at 10(-8) M 17 beta-E2. The changes were detectable at 4-18 h of treatment and increased through 24 h of treatment. The response was steroid specific, since the inactive estrogen isomer, 17 alpha-E2, failed to alter the activity levels. Moreover, the effects of 17 beta-E2 were blocked when the cells were treated simultaneously with the estrogen antagonist ICI182-780 in conjunction with 17 beta-E2. Human osteoclast-like cells obtained from giant cell tumors of bone responded similarly to estrogen with respect to cathepsin B, cathepsin L, and TRAP activities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Birds; Cathepsin B; Cathepsin L; Cathepsins; Cells, Cultured; Cysteine Endopeptidases; Endopeptidases; Estradiol; Estrogen Antagonists; Fulvestrant; Giant Cell Tumors; Glucuronidase; Humans; Kinetics; Lysosomes; Muramidase; Osteoclasts; Time Factors; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Cells harvested from 12 human giant cell tumors of bone and kept in culture for several passages were characterized for bone-resorbing capability, total and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity, response to the calciotropic hormone calcitonin, cell proliferation, multinucleation after passages, and presence of calcium sensing. Cells obtained from three tumors presented a complete panel of osteoclast characteristics and maintained their multinuclearity after several passages. Cells from four other tumors increased their cAMP levels after treatment with calcitonin, and the other five apparently consisted of cells of stromal origin. These human cell populations with osteoclast characteristics may provide valid in vitro models for the investigation of osteoclastic differentiation and activity.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Bone Neoplasms; Bone Resorption; Calcitonin; Calcium; Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; Cell Nucleus; Cyclic AMP; Female; Giant Cell Tumors; Humans; Male; Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; Middle Aged; Osteoclasts; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Enzymatic activity and cell membrane proteins were characterized in cells from five giant cell tumors of bone (GCTs). Naphthyl alpha esterase (NAE) and acid phosphatase (AP) activity was noted within both the mononuclear and multinucleated cells of each tumor. In each tumor, all mononucleated cell populations displayed tartrate-sensitive AP activity, whereas the multinucleated cell populations demonstrated variable expression of tartrate-sensitive and tartrate-resistant AP activity. Analysis of cell membrane proteins included attempts at immunodetection of mannose receptor, OKM-1 antigen (OKM-1a), colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1r), and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFr). None of these membrane antigens were elicited on multinucleated cells. In contrast, the mannose receptor, OKM-1a, and PDGFr all were detected on the mononucleated cells within each tumor. These data demonstrate that a population of mononucleated, not multinucleated cells, expresses features unique to mature mononuclear phagocytes and establishes the presence of a membrane receptor, PDGFr, associated with mitogenesis of mesenchymal cells.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Cell Membrane; Giant Cell Tumors; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Mitosis; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Neoplasm Proteins; Phagocytes; Receptor, IGF Type 2; Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; Tumor Cells, Cultured

1. Osteoclasts and hairy cell leukemia spleen both contain large amounts of a band 5-tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TrACP). 2. We have recently purified to homogeneity a band 5 TrACP from human osteoclastomas and two isoforms of band 5 TrACP (5a and 5b) from the spleen of a patient with hairy cell leukemia. 3. Although the N-terminal amino acid sequences and the apparent molecular weights of the osteoclastoma, hairy cell leukemia spleen TrACPs were identical, there were several differences in the physical and biochemical properties between the three isoenzymes. 4. Based on these findings, it is concluded that these isoenzymes are different enzymes, but that they could have originated from a similar ancestral gene. 5. It is proposed that the osteoclastoma and hairy cell leukemia band 5 TrACPs are members of a multigene family.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Enzyme Activation; Enzyme Stability; Giant Cell Tumors; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Molecular Sequence Data; Multigene Family; Spleen; Tartrates

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatases have been isolated from a number of sources. These enzymes consist of one subunit (Mr 30,000-40,000) or two dissimilar subunits (Mr 15,000-20,000). Previously we isolated the enzyme from human osteoclastomas, as a two-subunit protein. By Northern blotting and hybridization with radiolabelled oligonucleotides corresponding to the N-terminal sequences of the two subunits, we demonstrate here that the enzyme is transcribed as one mRNA which is translated in vitro to produce a single polypeptide of approx. Mr 33,000. Transcription as a single mRNA species is also the case in other tissues. These results suggest that the osteoclastoma enzyme undergoes post-translational modification in the form of cleavage of a single peptide bond to give a disulphide-bonded two-subunit protein.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Base Sequence; Blotting, Northern; Giant Cell Tumors; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Molecular Structure; Oligonucleotides; Protein Biosynthesis; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Neoplasm; Tartrates

We report two cases of osteoclast-like giant cell tumour of urinary bladder associated with papillary transitional cell tumours. Both cases were morphologically identical to giant cell tumour of bone. The giant cells stained strongly for acid phosphatase which was resistant to tartrate digestion, a staining reaction typical of osteoclasts. In view of the ability of urinary bladder to induce metaplastic and neoplastic bone, we believe that these tumours may represent extraosseous giant cell tumours of bone.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Bone Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Diagnosis, Differential; Giant Cell Tumors; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Male; Membrane Glycoproteins; Mucin-1; Muramidase; Osteoclasts; S100 Proteins; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Vimentin

Acid phosphatase (E.C.3.1.3.2) in a giant cell bone tumor and a spleen infiltrated with hairy cells was extracted by citrate buffer and then by 0.3 mol/L NaCl. The cationic acid phosphatase in the crude extract was isolated by CM-cellulose chromatography, and further separated by high pressure liquid chromatography. The majority of the tartrate resistant acid phosphatase in the hairy cell spleen was unabsorbed on CM-cellulose and was insensitive to iron. A much larger portion of the acid phosphatase in the bone tumor, than in the spleen, was cationic and was eluted from the column by 0.8 mol/L NaCl. The cationic acid phosphatase was further separated into consecutive peaks of acid phosphatases with different sensitivity to iron. A major portion of acid phosphatase in the giant cell bone tumor was enhanced by iron, while the amounts of iron-enhanced and iron-insensitive acid phosphatase were about the same in the spleen. The differences of the phosphatases in these two types of pathologic specimens indicate the occurrence of two types of enzymes with different biological significance.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Colorimetry; Giant Cell Tumors; Humans; Iron; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Spleen; Tartrates

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type-5 was purified to apparent homogeneity from human osteoclastomas by sequential chromatography on CM-Sepharose, Phenyl-Sepharose, concanavalin A-Sepharose, FPLC Superose-12, and FPLC Mono-S. The purification over the original tissue extract was 1167-fold, with a yield of 16%. An identity in the N-terminal amino acid sequence and Mr was found between this enzyme and two type-5 tartrate-resistant acid phosphatases isolated from hairy cell leukemia spleen. However, they appeared to be different as assessed by amino acid composition. In contrast to a previous report, no evidence was found for two subunits of the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Amino Acid Sequence; Chromatography; Drug Resistance; Giant Cell Tumors; Humans; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Molecular Sequence Data; Tartrates

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase is one of the major enzymes produced and secreted by osteoclasts. To obtain sufficient enzyme for biochemical characterization, we have purified this enzyme from human osteoclastomas by sequential chromatography on SP-Sephadex, CM-Sephadex, hydroxylapatite, Sephadex G-150 and concanavalin A-Sepharose. The purification over the original tumour extract was about 2000-fold, with a yield of 10%. The enzyme appeared to be homogeneous when assessed by SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Both gel filtration and SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis indicated an Mr of about 30,000. The reduced and alkylated enzyme consists of two subunits with Mrs of 15,000 and 17,500. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of both subunits indicates that there is a high degree of identity between the osteoclastoma enzyme and similar enzymes purified from spleen and uterus. Using 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate as substrate, the specific activity of the purified enzyme was 387 units.mg-1, and the Km was 284 microns. The pH optimum was 5.7. Unlike similar enzymes purified from human and bovine bone, osteoclastoma acid phosphatase is not activated by reducing agents (2-mercaptoethanol or ascorbic acid). The enzyme contains 4.8 mol of Fe2+/3+, 0.3 mol of Mn2+ and 1.7 mol of Mg2+ per mol of enzyme. Although the enzyme loses 50% of its activity in the presence of EDTA, it is not inhibited by the iron chelator 1,10-phenanthroline. However, the enzyme is activated to a small extent by Mn2+ and Mg2+. Using a variety of substrates and inhibitors, we demonstrate that there are differences between the osteoclastoma acid phosphatase and the enzyme purified from other sources.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Amino Acid Sequence; Bone Neoplasms; Giant Cell Tumors; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Substrate Specificity; Tartrates

The in vitro growth pattern of cells obtained from bioptic material of ten patients with giant cell tumor of bone (GCT) was investigated. Cytochemical reactions and monoclonal antibodies raised against macrophage markers were tested on the two histologically identifiable GCT cell populations. Only monoclonal antibody EBM/11 stained both mononuclear and giant cells. EBM/11 positivity and resistance of acid phosphatase to high doses of tartrate strongly suggest that both mononuclear and giant cells belong to the same lineage.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Giant Cell Tumors; Humans; Osteoclasts; Tumor Cells, Cultured

An immunohistochemical study of six giant cell tumors of bone and eight related lesions (aneurysmal bone cyst, fibrous histiocytoma, and giant cell tumor of tendon sheath) was performed using a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed to the Ia and monocyte-macrophage lineage antigens. In all types of lesion, osteoclastlike multinucleate giant cells were negative for both types of antigen, but a proportion of mononuclear cells gave positive reactions. While the possibility that these cells are reactive cannot be excluded, in giant cell tumor and malignant fibrous histiocytoma, their frequency and their morphologic similarity to the rest of the tissue suggest that they may be an intrinsic part of the neoplasm. This finding is consistent with the presumed fibrohistiocytic nature of these tumors.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antigens, Differentiation; Bone Cysts; Bone Neoplasms; Giant Cell Tumors; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Staining and Labeling; Tendons

In this study we provide evidence that MB1, a newly developed monoclonal antibody which reacts with B lymphocytes and a proportion of T cells and monocytes, can be successfully used for the direct immunohistochemical identification of osteoclasts on paraffin-embedded surgical specimens. The antigen(s) recognized by MB1 is present at high density in the cytoplasm of osteoclasts of fetal bone and in the multinucleated cells of human giant cell tumour of bone (osteoclastoma), but is weakly expressed or absent in the giant cells of granulomas. MB1 is thus proposed as a new immunohistochemical marker for osteoclasts on paraffin-embedded material.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Bone and Bones; Bone Neoplasms; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases; Giant Cell Tumors; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Osteoclasts

In osteoclastic giant cells of six different tumors of bones and joints (fibrous dysplasia, proliferating giant cell tumor, malignant giant cell tumor, osteosarcoma after chemotherapy, malignant synovioma and Ewing's sarcoma) activities of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, NADH-tetrazolium-oxidoreductase and, in three of them, of non-specific esterase are determined by enzyme histochemical methods. Quantitative microphotometry makes it possible to determine relative enzyme activities in the cut sections of giant cells of different sizes. Giant cells of the various tumors reveal similar trends: With an increase in cell size, mean extinctions of NADH-tetrazolium-oxidoreductase and non-specific esterase decrease. Mean extinctions of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase increase in cells of medium size, whereas the large cells reveal in part low activities. An additional ultrastructural examination of the giant cells in the proliferating giant cell tumor as well as in the osteosarcoma shows morphological signs of degeneration in the large cells. Electron probe microanalysis of the proliferating giant cell tumor exhibits evidence of phagocytosis of Ca and/or Fe containing particles. The similar size dependent reaction pattern of enzymes in osteoclastic giant cells of different tumors favors the concept of a common histogenesis, i.e. a host reaction.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Carboxylesterase; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone; Giant Cell Tumors; Humans; NADH Tetrazolium Reductase; Osteoclasts; Osteosarcoma; Sarcoma, Ewing; Sarcoma, Synovial

The origin and characteristics of so-called stromal cells (stromal cell) and the osteoclast-like giant cell series of 19 cases of giant cell tumor (G.C.T.) of bone were studied. Immunohistochemically, two interesting cases were found. The stromal cells of one case were alpha-1-antitrypsin positive and those of the other case were alpha-1-antichymotrypsin positive. The histiocytic stromal cells of the latter case seemed to be surely neoplastic since they showed mild to moderate cell atypism. There were foci consisting of fibroblastic cells or osteoid and osteoblasts within the tumor. Those cells in the foci were apparently continuous with the surrounding stromal cells, and they were, therefore, also considered to be neoplastic. These findings strongly indicate that the stromal cells originate from the undifferentiated mesenchymal cells in the bone marrow and may differentiate to osteoblastic, fibroblastic, and histiocytic cells. All cells of these three series were not stained for a high stable form of acid phosphatase (SAPhase). SAPhase activity was demonstrated only in osteoclast-like giant cells and some mononuclear cells, which are recently believed to be non-neoplastic. Therefore, the cell atypia of SAPhase negative stromal cells is considered to have a prognostic value.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Bone Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Giant Cell Tumors; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Staining and Labeling

Clinicopathologic, enzyme histochemical, and electron microscopic findings in 207 cases (208 lesions) of giant cell tumor of tendon sheath (GCTTS) are presented. The GCTTS could be divided into two groups according to the anatomic location, the first occurring in the digits (digit group, 182 cases) and the second, in the larger joints (large joint group, 25 cases). In the majority of cases of the digit group, the tumor occurred in one of the fingers (158 cases), whereas in the large joint group, the tumor was common in the ankle (10 cases) and knee joints (8 cases). The lesion was more common in women (67%) than in men (33%). Microscopically, the GCTTS in both groups consisted of a mixture of abundant histiocyte-like, foam, and multinucleated giant cells of the osteoclast type. However, worthy of special mention were the large clefts or wide pseudoglandular spaces lined by synovial cells and that were more striking in the large joint group than in the conventional digit group. The component cells had functional properties of macrophages, as determined in the enzyme histochemical study. Electron microscopically, the tumors consisted essentially of histiocyte-like, fibroblast-like, and intermediate cells, together with myofibroblasts.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ankle; Carboxylesterase; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Fibroblasts; Fingers; Giant Cell Tumors; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Knee Joint; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Tendons; Tenosynovitis; Toes

We report a case of a neuroendocrine tumor of the jejunum metastatic to the liver in a 26-year-old woman. Light and electron microscopy of this tumor revealed a poorly differentiated neoplasm composed of clusters of round to polygonal cells compatible with a diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumor. In the absence of identifiable silver-staining granules or immunocytochemical demonstration of a specific hormone product in tumor cells, this tumor cannot be further classified among the various neuroendocrine tumors that may arise in this location. However, interspersed among tumor cells was a distinct population of multinucleate giant cells having an appearance similar to benign osteoclasts. Enzyme histochemistry for 5'-nucleotidase, acid phosphatase, and nonspecific esterase each showed a dichotomous staining pattern for the small tumor cells and giant cells and suggest that the giant cells are not tumor derived, but represent a second, presumably reactive, cell population.

Topics: 5'-Nucleotidase; Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Giant Cell Tumors; Humans; Jejunal Neoplasms; Jejunum; Liver Neoplasms; Microscopy, Electron; Nucleotidases; Osteoclasts; Staining and Labeling

In a proliferating giant cell tumor of bone the activities of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (acPase) and of NADH-tetrazolium reductase were demonstrated by enzyme histochemical methods. Quantitative microphotometry made it possible to determine the relative enzyme activities per given volume unit in the cytoplasm of giant cells of several sizes. The activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase increases with increasing cell size, whereas the activity of tetrazolium reductase will decrease in proportion. This coincidence of high acPase activity and low tetrazolium reductase activity in larger giant cells is interpreted as an expression of degenerative change.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Bone Neoplasms; Cytoplasm; Female; Femoral Neoplasms; Giant Cell Tumors; Humans; NADH Tetrazolium Reductase; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Photometry

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bone Neoplasms; Child; Chondroma; Chondrosarcoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Fibrosarcoma; Giant Cell Tumors; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Lymphoma; Male; Middle Aged; Osteosarcoma

The cytogenesis of giant cell tumors of bone was studied in 6 cases by combined electron microscopical, histochemical and autoradiographical investigations. Electron microscopy identified two different types of mononuclear stromal cells: fibroblast-like cells with spindly shape and numerous membranes of the granular ER occur together with macrophages bearing many large lysosomes and a prominent Golgi apparatus. Enzyme histochemical results reflect the same diversity: One portion of mononuclear cells exhibits strong alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activity, known as a marker for cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system, while the other, fibroblast-like cell type is ANAE negative. Tumor giant cells contain numerous membranes of granular ER, mitochondria, and a few isolated lysosomes. They lack the typical brush border of osteoclasts. Moderate to strong ANAE activity of these giant cells reflects their belonging to the mononuclear phagocyte system. Consequently, the giant cell tumor of bone consists of two different cell types, i.e. fibroblast-like cells and cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system, and so is appraised as a fibrohistiocytic tumor. A new inference from our autoradiographic findings is that tritiated thymidine is incorporated only by mononuclear cells, but not by giant cells. Electron microscopical autoradiography demonstrated that among the mononuclear cells, only fibroblasts are found to proliferate, but not macrophages. Thus, the giant cell tumor of bone is seen as a neoplasm of fibroblastic cells with a strong reactive infiltration of cells from the mononuclear phagocyte system.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Autoradiography; Bone Neoplasms; Giant Cell Tumors; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Microscopy, Electron; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Organoids

Giant cell tumors of bone dissociated by collagenase digestion were found to be composed of four different cell types defined by morphology, growth in culture, and pattern of staining with monoclonal antibodies. Giant cells comprised an average of 0.8% of the cells recovered, with the remainder consisting of small stromal cells. Of the giant cells, 20-57% expressed Ia antigens, while all lacked IgG Fc receptors and five differentiation antigens associated with mature members of the monocyte-macrophage lineage (M phi S-1, M phi P-9, M phi P-15, M phi S-39, and 63d3). One antigen, M phi U-50, found on early monocytoid forms was expressed on Ia+ giant cells. 6-36% of the remaining stromal tumor cells formed a second subpopulation that assumed either a rounded or elongated shape in culture. These cells bore Ia antigens, IgG Fc receptors, and five antigens of the monocyte-macrophage lineage usually found on blood monocytes. However, these cells differed from monocytes or macrophages in that the antigen M phi R-17 generally found on tissue macrophages was absent, and the M phi U-50 antigen present on more primitive cells was well expressed. A very limited endocytic capacity was demonstrable. A third population of up to 24% of the tumor cells was defined by the presence of intense staining for Ia antigens but the absence of antigens of mature monocytes. A proportion of these cells expressed M phi U-50 and a minority had IgG Fc receptors. The two Ia(+) populations of stromal cells were not identifiable after 2 wk of culture, nor did tumor cells selected for the presence of Ia antigens proliferate in culture. A fourth population of cells lacked Ia and monocyte lineage antigens, but showed pronounced intracellular staining for acid phosphatase. These cells had a distinctive plump epitheloid to fibroblastoid morphology and were readily established in long-term culture where they gave rise to large multinuclear Ia(-) cells containing acid phosphatase. The possibility is discussed that the cell types of these tumors relate to various stages in the development of osteoclasts from precursors in the mononuclear phagocyte lineage.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antigens, Neoplasm; Bone Neoplasms; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Giant Cell Tumors; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Macrophages; Monocytes; Receptors, Fc

The acid phosphatase in the cells of bone and soft parts tumors, and of other tumorous conditions in our Department of Orthopedic Surgery in Kumamoto University Medical School from mid-1979 through mid-1983 were analysed by light microscopic and electron microscopic histochemical studies and their inhibition studies. The histochemical and their inhibiting studies of acid phosphatase by azo dye method in the cells of bone and soft parts tumors and of other tumorous conditions were undertaken in order to characterize them with a view to providing helpful diagnostic features. The acid phosphatase in some giant cells and tumor cells of several kinds of tumors, whose reaction against inhibitors was different from that of lysosomal acid phosphatase, was observed. In the giant cells of giant cell tumor of bone, acid-para-nitrophenyl phosphatase was demonstrated by the method of Miyayama , et al. using sodium-para-nitrophenyl phosphate as a substrate. In addition, the fine structural localization of acid phosphatase in giant cell tumor of bone was studied by Gomori's method and by the method of Miyayama , et al. By Gomori's method, acid phosphatase activity was demonstrated in lysosome, secondary lysosome-like organelles and the digestive vacuoles in the giant cells. In the stromal cells, that activity was demonstrated in lysosomes. By the method of Miyayama , et al., acid para-nitrophenyl phosphatase was demonstrated in the Golgi complex and the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in the giant cell. Therefore, in the giant cells and the tumor cells of some kinds of tumors, non-lysosomal acid phosphatase besides lysosomal acid phosphatase was recognized. The demonstration of non-lysosomal acid phosphatase was a useful tool for the differential diagnosis of tumors and tumorous conditions in bone and soft parts.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Giant Cell Tumors; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Osteosarcoma; Soft Tissue Neoplasms

Three giant cell tumors of bone (2 benign and 1 malignant) were examined enzyme-histochemically, and a tissue culture study of the malignant case was performed. Multinucleated giant cells and mononuclear round cells had similar activities of ACPase and non-specific esterase with a diffuse strong reaction. ATPase and 5'-nucleotidase reactions were strongly positive in the cytoplasm of multinucleated giant cells, and were seen not only in the cytoplasm but also on the cell membrane of round cells. The proliferating spindle cells in the malignant case were faintly positive for ACPase and non-specific esterase and were less positive for ATPase and 5'-nucleotidase on the cell membrane. The multinucleated giant cells and mononuclear round cells resembled histiocytes in the activities of 4 hydrolytic enzymes, and the multinucleated giant cells had enzyme activities similar to those of osteoclasts from new-born rat skull. The malignant giant cell tumor and cells in its tissue culture showed ALPase activity preferentially on the cell membrane of the spindle cells, and rarely on round cells or multinucleated giant cells. ALPase was resistant to heat treatment and was found to be the type IV isoenzyme by diffusion electrophoresis. The origin of the giant cell tumor of bone and the significance of the ALPase activity are discussed.

Topics: 5'-Nucleotidase; Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Bone Neoplasms; Culture Techniques; Esterases; Female; Giant Cell Tumors; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Isoenzymes; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Nucleotidases; Rats

A total of 19 cases with bone tumors, including six osteosarcomas. three giant cell tumors of bone, one malignant fibrous histiocytoma, four nonossifying fibromas, four chondromas and one chondrosarcoma, were examined as to enzyme histochemistry; the enzymes consisted of alkaline phosphatase (ALPase), acid phosphatase (ACPase), nonspecific esterase (NSE), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), 5'-nucleotidase (5'-Nucl) and beta-glucuronidase (beta-Gl). Osteosarcoma was strongly positive for ALPase followed by 5'-Nucl. Giant cell tumor, malignant fibrous histiocytoma and nonossifying fibroma showed enzyme histochemistry similar to each other: multinucleated giant cells and round cells in these tumors were strongly positive for ACPase, NSE, ATPase and 5'-Nucl simulating osteoclasts and histiocytes, whereas spindle cells were positive for ATPase and 5'-Nucl in their cytoplasm and weakly positive for ACPase. Chondroma and chondrosarcoma were focally positive for ACPase and NSE; the ACPase was sensitive to tartaric acid treatment. These observations showed that ALPase activity is very characteristic to osteosarcoma, and is useful for its diagnosis. From enzyme histochemistry, giant cell tumor, malignant fibrous histiocytoma and nonossifying fibroma can be regarded as a histiocyte-derived tumor of bone in contrast to osteosarcoma and cartilaginous tumors.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Bone Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Chondroma; Chondrosarcoma; Female; Fractures, Bone; Giant Cell Tumors; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Male; Metatarsus; Middle Aged; Osteosarcoma; Rabbits; Wound Healing

Eleven benign giant cell tumors of bone were studied in the electron microscope, and the fine structural localization of acid phosphatase was elucidated. Three distinct cell types are always present in these tumors: stromal cells type 1; stromal cells type 2; and multinucleated giant cells. Small mononuclear cells may also occur, but are not likely to be actively participating in the neoplastic process. The range of variability in the fine structure of the different cell types constituting this tumor has been established. Variations in appearances include: a) presence of nuclear pseudoinclusions in stromal cells type 1 and multinucleated giant cells; b) aberrations in the structure of the rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum in the same cell types; c) occurrence of ruffled borders, ectoplasmic layers and cytoplasmic labyrinths containing acid phosphatase in the giant cells. Some giant cells show evidence of marked phagocytic activity and contain large and numerous residual bodies carrying acid phosphatase. The significance of the interrelations between the different cell types are discussed and the possible role of stromal cells type 2 in immunological mechanisms directed against the tumor cells are mentioned.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Bone Neoplasms; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Female; Giant Cell Tumors; Humans; Inclusion Bodies; Lysosomes; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Phagocytosis

The fine structure of the different cell types constituting a primary malignant giant cell tumor of bone has been studied and the localization of acid phosphatase in relation to the subcellular organelles been demonstrated. Three distinct cell types with characteristic ultrastructural features were observed: giant cells, fibroblast-like cells, and cells with abundant lipid inclusions and mitochondria. Certain differences were noted between these three cell types and their counterparts in benign giant cell tumors of bone (described in a separate report). The enzyme histochemical and morphological data suggested that the giant cells in the malignant tumor might possess a more active and expansive lysosomal apparatus than corresponding cells in the benign variant.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Bone Neoplasms; Female; Fibroblasts; Giant Cell Tumors; Humans; Inclusion Bodies; Lipids; Lysosomes; Mitochondria

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Cell Membrane; Cell Nucleus; Cytoplasm; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Female; Giant Cell Tumors; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Lysosomes; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Mitochondria; Osteolysis; Phagocytosis; Vacuoles

The fine structural localization of acid phosphatase in the different cells in a benign giant cell tumor of bone has been studied. Stromal cells type 1 and 2 (fibroblast-like and macrophage-like, respectively) showed the presence of lead phosphate precipitate following incubation in a Gomori-type lead salt medium only in conventional lysosomes. In the multinucleated giant cells, the final product was deposited over lysosome-like organelles, and also over Golgi cisternae, vesicles, and vacuoles. Furthermore, evidence for presence of acid phosphatase was obtained in smooth-surfaced tubular, sausage-, horse-shoe-, and ring-shaped structures and over digestive vacuoles of autophagic or heterophagic origin. Finally, in these cells, many of the tubular and vacuolar elements located subjacent to areas of the plasma membrane with microvillous specializations (abortive brush borders?) were shown to carry acid phosphatase.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Femoral Neoplasms; Giant Cell Tumors; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Organoids

Starting from the fact that an ultrastructural cytochemical study of the Giant-Cell Tumour demonstrated the presence of a large amount of lysosomic acid phosphatase in the tumour cells, an attempt was made to evidence the presence of this enzyme in the serum of patients bearing such a type of bone tumor. Acrylamide gel electrophoresis of the serum allowed one to separate a number of isoenzyme with acid phosphatase activity and to characterize at least two bands different from those secreted by prostate, blood platelets, liver or spleen. The comparison between zymograms of normal and pathological sera, more particularly in Paget disease, led to consider that these two bands had an osteoclastic origin. Besides, these bands vanish after tumor eradication. Acrylamide gel electrophoresis of serum provides therefore a means to support the preoperative diagnosis of Giant-Cell Tumor and, eventually, to detect an early recurrence of the disease.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Giant Cell Tumors; Humans; Isoenzymes; Lysosomes; Osteitis Deformans; Osteoclasts

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Bone Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Fibrosarcoma; Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone; Giant Cell Tumors; Humans; Infant; Isoenzymes; Male; Middle Aged; Osteosarcoma; Sarcoma, Ewing; Soft Tissue Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bronchi; Bronchial Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Esterases; Giant Cell Tumors; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; Humans; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Malate Dehydrogenase; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Neoplasm Metastasis; Oxidoreductases; Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Animals; Bone and Bones; Connective Tissue; Cricetinae; Electron Transport Complex IV; Esterases; Extremities; Giant Cell Tumors; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Malate Dehydrogenase; Muscles; Nucleotidyltransferases; Sarcoma, Experimental; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Giant Cell Tumors; Glucuronidase; Humans; Lysosomes; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Osteoclasts; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Tibia

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Chondroma; Chondrosarcoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Giant Cell Tumors; Hemangiosarcoma; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Methods; Osteoma, Osteoid; Osteosarcoma; Sarcoma, Ewing; Sarcoma, Synovial

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Chondrosarcoma; Giant Cell Tumors; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; Jaw Neoplasms; Male; NADP; Osteosarcoma; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Carboxylesterase; Child; Chondroblastoma; Chondroma; Chondrosarcoma; Coloring Agents; Esterases; Fibroma; Fibrosarcoma; Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone; Geriatrics; Giant Cell Tumors; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Histological Techniques; Humans; Osteosarcoma; Pathology; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Sarcoma, Synovial; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenoma; Alkaline Phosphatase; Ameloblastoma; Arthritis; Bone Cysts; Bone Neoplasms; Chondrosarcoma; Fibroma; Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone; Geriatrics; Giant Cell Tumors; Humans; Neoplasm Metastasis; Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica; Osteoma; Osteosarcoma; Prognosis; Radiography; Sarcoma, Ewing; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular