acid-phosphatase and Foreign-Body-Reaction

Phorbol myristate acetate, a protein kinase C activator, inhibited monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM)-mediated degradation of aliphatic (HDI) polycarbonate-based polyurethanes but not degradation of the aromatic polycarbonate-based polyurethane (MDI). The objectives of this study were to determine if reactive oxygen species are involved in the phorbol myristate acetate effect on esterase activity and MDM-mediated polycarbonate-based polyurethane degradation and to find a good marker of material-initiated activation of MDM. The phorbol myristate acetate-dependent effects of the material chemistry on cell activation and degradation were evaluated by adding reactive oxygen species scavengers, catalase plus superoxide dismutase to MDM and assaying possible markers of MDM activation: esterase activity, acid phosphatase activity, and high molecular weight group box 1 protein (HMGB1). All treatments reduced the esterase activity in MDM on HDI but not in MDM on MDI. Acid phosphatase was inhibited in MDM to varying degrees on all surfaces by phorbol myristate acetate or catalase plus superoxide dismutase either alone or together. Secretion of HMGB1 from MDM on HDI431 was higher than MDI; however only secretion from MDM on HDI was inhibited by phorbol myristate acetate. In MDM on HDI, catalase plus superoxide dismutase reduced intracellular HMGB1 levels +/- phorbol myristate acetate; whereas, catalase, superoxide dismutase plus phorbol myristate acetate increased intracellular HMGB1 in MDM on MDI, suggesting that esterase and HMGB1 are more specific markers of activation than acid phosphatase. Manipulation of signaling pathways may provide insight surrounding the mechanism of activation for oxidative and/or hydrolytic degradative pathways in the MDM response to material surface chemistry.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Enzyme Activation; Foreign-Body Reaction; Free Radical Scavengers; HMGB1 Protein; Humans; Intracellular Space; Macrophages; Models, Biological; Monocytes; Polycarboxylate Cement; Polyurethanes; Protein Kinase C; Reactive Oxygen Species; Surface Properties; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate

The present study was undertaken to evaluate a new prototype mesh that consists of a knitted polyester structure treated with a fluoropolymer and impregnated with gelatin. The Fluoropassiv mesh, as well as two controls, the Surgipro polypropylene mesh and the Gore-Tex expanded polytetrafluoroethylene patch, were used for the repair of experimentally induced abdominal hernias in piglets and followed for scheduled implantation periods of 4, 15, and 60 days. At the sacrifice the mesh and surrounding tissue were excised for histological assessment of the healing sequence, for the identification of changes in hematologic and immunological characteristics, and for the measurement of the mechanical properties. After cleaning to remove the encroaching tissue, the explanted devices were monitored for biostability by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The present study has demonstrated that the Fluoropassiv mesh provides adequate mechanical strength and compares favorably with the two controls. No exacerbated systemic or in situ hematologic or immunological reactions were observed with either the meshes of the patch material. Histological studies revealed that thick collagenous and vascularized tissue were well anchored to the three biomaterials as early as 15 days after implantation. The degree of tissue penetration differed depending on the device. Chemically, they proved stable over time.

Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Biomarkers; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Cross-Linking Reagents; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Exudates and Transudates; Female; Fluorine; Foreign-Body Reaction; Formaldehyde; Gelatin; Hernia, Ventral; Leukocyte Count; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Polyesters; Polypropylenes; Polytetrafluoroethylene; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Stress, Mechanical; Surgical Mesh; Swine; Tensile Strength; Wound Healing

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; beta-Galactosidase; Esterases; Female; Foreign-Body Reaction; Galactosidases; Granuloma; Histocytochemistry; Macrophage Activation; Macrophages; Male; Mice

Twenty-one total hip arthroplasties were revised because of aseptic loosening. The bone and soft tissue membrane bordering the cement in a total of 37 biopsies from the acetabulum and femur were studied histologically and by enzyme histochemistry. The soft tissue membrane was infiltrated with macrophages and had high acid phosphatase activity. Other inflammatory cells were rare or absent. Concomitant bone formation and bone resorption were usually present at the bone-soft tissue border. The bone generally consisted of viable, remodeled lamellar bone. The host bone seemed to have been resorbed by a soft tissue front moving outward from the cement. Reactive new bone formation began at the bone-soft tissue border and appeared to constrain the resorptive process. Articular wear seemed to play no part in initiating the loosening process. The role of bone cement in this respect is obscure, because there were no obvious local signs of cytotoxicity. These observations support the theory of mechanical instability as the primary cause of the tissue reaction.

Topics: Acetabulum; Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Biopsy; Bone Cements; Bone Resorption; Connective Tissue; Female; Femur; Foreign-Body Reaction; Hip Prosthesis; Humans; Macrophages; Male; Membranes; Middle Aged; NADPH Dehydrogenase; Postoperative Complications; Stress, Mechanical

Some biochemical characteristics of peritoneal macrophages, subcutaneous macrophages and subcutaneous cell populations containing multinucleate giant cells were compared. Subcutaneous macrophages possessed higher concentrations of succinate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, aryl hydroxylase, free RNase II, lecithin and free fatty acids than peritoneal macrophages, while the latter had higher concentrations of 5' -nucleotidase esterified cholesterol. These differences may be due to environmental variations depending on their anatomical position or more likely to their degree of activation. As significant numbers of multinucleate giant cells appear in the subcutaneous population the concentration aryl hydroxylase, 5' -nucleotidase lactate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, free ribonuclease II and esterified cholesterol falls. The concentration of succinate dehydrogenase decreases but then rises while the concentration of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase increases. These highlight the differences between cell populations containing multinucleated giant cells and those composed from their precursor mononuclear phagocytes only.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Ascitic Fluid; Benzopyrene Hydroxylase; Cell Adhesion; Cholesterol; Cholesterol Esters; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Foreign-Body Reaction; Glass; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Macrophages; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Nucleotidases; Phospholipids; Proteins; Ribonucleases; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Time Factors

Histological, histochemical and ultrastructural studies were done on soft tissue surrounding alloarthroplastic joints. In 38 cases a prosthesis of the hip joint and in 2 cases of the knee had to be exchanged and replaced. In most of the cases the reoperation became necessary because the anchoring of the prosthetic parts in the bone loosened. Up to 18 months after the first operation infection was responsible for the malfunctioning in some cases. Other complications were luxation and material faults. The morphological changes are determined by the tissue reaction to the different alloplastic materials used and by the time interval they remained in the organism. The large polymerized acrylic cement particles are phagozytosed by multinucleated foreign body giant cells. About 12 months following the implantation of the artificial joints small double refractile particles appear and evoke characteristic morphological changes. The particles are abraded by the continuous friction of the moving alloplastic or metallic surfaces of the prostheses. Usually they are phagozytosed by histiocytes, which form large granulomas and undergo degenerative changes as is indicated by the ultrastructural and histochemical findings. These alterations are more pronounced and occur sooner in prosthesis with parts (rotation ball or cup.) fabricated by polyester than in those made by polyethylene. The abraded particles not only are transported to the inguinal lymphnodes, but also to the tissue between prostheses and bone, where they induce the same morphological changes as in the capsule. Hence the fibrous membrane separating bone and prostheses increases in width, and the spongy bone is partially destroyed by the proliferating histiocytes. It is assumed that by impairing the anchoring this foreign body reaction to the abraded alloplastic particles is the leading cause of the loosening of this kind of artificial joints.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Chromium Alloys; Female; Femur; Foreign-Body Reaction; Hip; Hip Joint; Histiocytes; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Ilium; Joint Prosthesis; Knee; Knee Joint; Lymph Nodes; Macrophages; Male; Methylmethacrylates; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Phagocytes; Polyethylene Terephthalates; Polyethylenes

The concentrations of protein and copper and the activities of acid and alkaline phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase were measured in the uterine fluid of 8 25-38 year old women using the copper-T (Cu-T) 200 device for intrauterine contraception. Specimens were obtained in the proliferative phase on Cycle Days 10-12 of 1 menstrual cycle, and in the secretory phase on Days 20-23 during the next cycle prior to the insertion of the Cu-T, and during the same cycle days in Cycles 2 or 3 or 6 or 7 following insertion. Uterine fluid was obtained by irrigating the uterine cavity with physiological saline, while endometrial biopsies were taken for histological dating of the endometrium. The protein concentration of the uterine washings did not change significantly as a result of the Cu-T insertion. There was a significant difference (p.001) in Cycles 2 or 3 and 6 or 7 following insertion. Acid phosphatase activity was not influenced by the presence of the device. The betaglucuronidase in the fluid obtained during the proliferative phase showed a significant increase (p .001) DURING THE TIME WHEN the device was situ. The device caused a significant increase in the copper concentration in both phases, while the copper level in the blood serum remained unchanged. There was as increased number of white blood cells in the washings obtained during the secretory phase. The increase in the copper concentration of the uterine fluid might be the cause of the Cu-T antifertility effect due to a spermatotoxic and/or blastotoxic effect, as may the enzymic changes and increase of white blood cells.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Analysis of Variance; Copper; Erythrocyte Count; Female; Foreign-Body Reaction; Glucuronidase; Humans; Intrauterine Devices; Leukocyte Count; Methods; Parity; Proteins; Time Factors; Uterus