acid-phosphatase and Foreign-Bodies

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antigens; Bismuth; Calcium; Cell Nucleus; Copper; Cystic Fibrosis; Electron Probe Microanalysis; Foreign Bodies; Gold; Hemosiderin; Hepatolenticular Degeneration; Humans; Lung; Metals; Minerals; Mitochondria; Nails; Pathology; Prostheses and Implants; Staining and Labeling

The expression of some candidate osteoclast markers, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), macrophage associated antigens (M phi Ag), and vitronectin receptor (VNR) on foreign body giant cells (FBGCs) was investigated in peri-implant tissues of loosened total joint arthroplasties. Osteoclasts showed distinct staining characteristics. They were strongly TRAP-positive at tartrate concentrations of 50-200 mM and expressed VNR and a restricted range of M phi Ag. In contrast, FBGCs were shown to be significantly heterogeneous. Significant numbers of FBGCs were TRAP-positive at a 100 mM tartrate concentration and some were more intense than osteoclasts. A population of FBGCs did not express M phi Ag such as CD11b, but expressed VNR. It was demonstrated that these candidate osteoclast markers were also positive on FBGCs. These results have highlighted the difficulty in distinguishing these two cell lineages and suggested that there might be some uncertainty in defining osteoclast-like cells in culture studies.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Antigens, Differentiation; Arthroplasty; Biomarkers; Bone Resorption; Calcinosis; Cells, Cultured; Femur; Foreign Bodies; Galectin 3; Giant Cells; Granuloma, Foreign-Body; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Integrins; Macrophages; Membrane Glycoproteins; Osteoclasts; Prostheses and Implants; Receptors, Cytoadhesin; Receptors, Vitronectin; Tibia

In certain mammals, the lung plays an important role in removing blood-borne foreign bodies by means of the numerous macrophages disposed in pulmonary capillaries. The present ultrastructural study demonstrates that in the guinea pig, the lung also plays a significant role in this respect, but that in this species, foreign body elimination takes place by another, hitherto undescribed process. In the guinea pig, the pulmonary capillaries are characterized by numerous neutrophils that adhere to endothelial cells even under normal conditions. At 30 min after intravenous injection of glutaraldehyde-fixed erythrocytes, large numbers of these foreign bodies were found to be ingested by these neutrophils. At 6 h after injection, the erythrocyte-carrying neutrophils had disappeared from the vascular lumen, but endothelial cells had begun vigorously to engulf the fixed erythrocytes by extending membranous processes which completely enwrapped them. Since endothelial cells lack lysosomes, there was no morphologic evidence of erythrocyte digestion within their cytoplasm. It is evident that the erythrocytes then passed through the endothelium, since by 48 h after injection, most of them were incorporated and digested by macrophages proliferating in the alveolar interstitium. The increase in macrophages was confirmed by acid phosphatase histochemistry. These observations indicate that in the guinea pig, the lung plays an important role in clearing blood-borne foreign bodies by the sequential involvement of intracapillary neutrophils, capillary endothelial cells and interstitial macrophages.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Animals; Capillaries; Cytoplasm; Endothelium, Vascular; Erythrocytes; Fixatives; Foreign Bodies; Glutaral; Guinea Pigs; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Kinetics; Lung; Macrophages; Male; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Neutrophils; Phagocytosis

It has been reported that keratocytes endocytose foreign particles both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting the active participation of keratocytes in corneal wound healing and host defense mechanism. To understand the cellular response and the fate of engulfed foreign particles, we investigated the changes in the lysosomal enzyme activities after keratocytes endocytosed latex beads or glutaraldehyde-fixed Staphylococcus aureus. Acid phosphatase activity in the cells endocytosing either latex beads or fixed bacteria increased significantly as compared with that in the control over the period of 12 hours. Changes in acid phosphatase activity depended on both the incubation periods and the amount of latex beads or bacteria added. The activity reached a plateau after 6 hours of incubation. When keratocytes endocytosed latex beads, the activity of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase in the cells showed an increase similar to that of acid phosphatase. However, the N-acetyl-glucosaminidase activity in the cells endocytosing fixed bacteria did not increase significantly. These findings suggest that endocytosing keratocytes increase degrading enzyme activities in the cells to break down engulfed foreign particles. It is also suggested that the intracellular response is varied according to the character of the engulfed materials.

Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Corneal Stroma; Endocytosis; Foreign Bodies; Latex; Microspheres; Rabbits; Staphylococcus aureus

A comparative cytochemical study of the state of phagocytizing and lymphoid elements was carried out during the action on them of a foreign body, under septic and aseptic conditions. Local and systemic changes of the phagocytozing and lymphoid elements ratio, permeability disturbances of the lysosomal membranes in them, an increase in destroyed macrophage, neutrophil, and lymphocyte count, serving as one of the main mechanisms of the developing inflammatory-destructive processes, were regard as indices of cell regression.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Foreign Bodies; Leukocyte Count; Lymphocytes; Lysosomes; Macrophages; Pneumonia; Rabbits; Trachea

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cell Movement; Cell Nucleus; Cytoplasm; Disease Models, Animal; Foreign Bodies; Gold Colloid, Radioactive; Intercellular Junctions; Leukocytes; Lysosomes; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microscopy, Electron; Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; Motion Pictures; Organoids; Peroxidases; Pinocytosis; Plastics; Pseudopodia; Thorium Dioxide; Vacuoles