acid-phosphatase and Eye-Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Eye; Eye Diseases; Glucuronidase; Humans; Lysosomes; Rats; Retina; Uvea

Immunohistological techniques have been increasingly used, both in general and ophthalmic pathology, for identification of specific cell types that may not be possible on morphological grounds or by conventional histochemical methods alone. Enzyme conjugate techniques using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immune complex method and the avidin-biotin-horseradish peroxidase method (ABC) are particularly useful as they are highly sensitive, provide permanent results, allow the use of paraffin-embedded tissues and do not require a fluorescent microscope. Antibodies against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), factor VIII-related antigen, muramidase, S-100 protein, myoglobin, prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen are valuable tools in surgical pathology and their applicability to ophthalmic pathology have been clearly demonstrated.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antigens; Antigens, Neoplasm; Antigens, Surface; Eye; Eye Diseases; Factor VIII; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Intermediate Filament Proteins; Muramidase; Myoglobin; Prostate-Specific Antigen; S100 Proteins; von Willebrand Factor

The melanin macroglobule (MMG), formerly called "macromelanosome," is a cytoplasmic spherical granule formed in the melanocyte, varying in size from one to several microns, much larger than normal ellipsoidal melanosomes. Although ultrastructural features of MMG have been adequately described in the past, there has been a disagreement about the formation process of MMG. In order to further elucidate the nature and origin of MMG, electron microscopic studies were conducted in several pigmentary disorders. Our findings included: (1) The most remarkable characteristics of MMG are (a) the pleomorphism of their internal structure and (b) the variation of their size. (2) MMG do not represent true melanosomes but unique forms of autolysosomes resulting from the fusion of autophagosomes (containing various numbers of melanosomes) with primary and/or secondary lysosomes. (3) MMG are retained within melanocytes or transferred to keratinocytes and to Langerhans cells in the epidermis, and to macrophages in the dermis in any of their developmental stages. After transfer, MMG can fuse with other heterolysosomes and probably increase in size in these cells. We regard melanosome complexes as but one step in an autophagic process within melanocytes which can, on occasion, produce MMG as residual bodies.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Albinism; Autophagy; Biopsy; Eye Diseases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Melanocytes; Microscopy, Electron; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Monophenol Monooxygenase; Neurofibromatosis 1; Nevus, Pigmented; Skin Neoplasms; Terminology as Topic

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Eye Diseases; Genes, Dominant; Gonadal Dysgenesis; Humans; Iris; Isoenzymes; Kidney Neoplasms; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Pedigree; Syndrome; Wilms Tumor

We studied the activity of acid phosphatase in the anterior segment of the eye with pseudoexfoliation histochemically and biochemically. Light and electron microscopic histochemistry revealed lead precipitates indicating acid phosphatase activity in pseudoexfoliative materials. Biochemical assay for acid phosphatase was significantly higher in the aqueous humor of eyes with pseudoexfoliation than in that of cataractous eyes without pseudoexfoliation.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Aqueous Humor; Cataract; Eye Diseases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Iris; Lens, Crystalline; Lysosomes; Middle Aged

Canine adenovirus-type 1 (CAV-1)-antibody complexes caused severe anterior uveitis with corneal edema ("blue eye") when injected into the anterior chamber of normal dogs. The response of the anterior uvea to such immune complexes (IC) was similar to the spontaneously occurring disease. In the presence of complement (C'), IC caused release of neutrophile chemotactic factors. Following phagocytosis of IC-C' leukocytes released lysosomal enzymes, as indicated by the presence of acid phosphatase in the surrounding medium. Membrane bound viral aggregates, presumably IC, were common in neutrophiles and in macrophages that had infiltrated the anterior chamber of opaque eyes that occurred after intravenous (IV) inoculation with attenuated CAV-1. These data were incorporated into a postulated scheme for the pathogenesis of CAV-1 uveitis with corneal edema.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Antigen-Antibody Complex; Antigens, Viral; Chemotaxis; Complement Fixation Tests; Complement System Proteins; Cornea; Dogs; Eye Diseases; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Hepatitis, Infectious Canine; Keratitis; Leukocytes; Lysosomes; Macrophages; Neutrophils; Uveitis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Animals; Azathioprine; Blood Proteins; Cattle; Cyclophosphamide; Electrophoresis; Exudates and Transudates; Eye Diseases; Female; Humans; Isoenzymes; Lens, Crystalline; Potassium; Prednisone; Proteins; Retinal Detachment; Serum Albumin; Sodium; Uvea

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Eye Diseases; Histocytochemistry; Isoenzymes; Leukocytes; Lymphocytes; Membranes; Ophthalmoscopy; Rabbits; Retinal Detachment; Vitreous Body

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Eye Diseases; Inclusion Bodies, Viral; Inflammation; Lacrimal Apparatus; Lysosomes; Microscopy, Electron; Parotid Gland; Rats; Rodent Diseases; Salivary Gland Diseases; Submandibular Gland; Virus Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Cornea; Dogs; Eye Diseases; Rabbits