acid-phosphatase and Dysgerminoma

Since 1976, we have transplanted 82 urological neoplasms into nude mice, 46 of which (56%) took. Thirty five of them (43% of the total tumors) are being serially transplanted. This rate of success seems to be better than that obtained at other institutes for both neoplasms of urogenital as well as other tissue origin. The explants basically retained the original characteristics of the native tumors not only in histological pattern but also in tumor markers, even after a long term period of heterotransplantation. However, the histological features of some tumor lines seemed to be reduced. A certain cell population was lost during repeated transplantations. Such a clonal selection may have resulted from the outgrowth of the cell population capable of adapting to the transplanted environment. Nevertheless heterotransplantation experiments in nude mice are one of the most valuable tools in various cancer research including that in the urological field since a rather high percentage of urologic malignancies take while retaining their original characteristics for a long time.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; alpha-Fetoproteins; Animals; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Dysgerminoma; Female; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Male; Mice; Mice, Nude; Neoplasm Transplantation; Prostatic Neoplasms; Testicular Neoplasms; Transplantation, Heterologous; Ureteral Neoplasms; Urogenital Neoplasms

Tumor marker for tumors in urology has been widely used to testicular and prostatic tumors. A part of testicular tumor produces alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and HCG, thus these markers can not be used for early detection of disease. However, they are very useful in typing testicular tumor, and in monitoring a course of disease which produces them. beta-HCG seems to be more specific than HCG. In case of prostatic cancer, prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) assayed immunochemically is sensitive and specific marker. Prostate antigen seems to be another excellent marker for this tumor, and this is well correlated with PAP. In reactivated case, tissue polypeptide antigen was elevated, suggesting use of this marker.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; alpha-Fetoproteins; Antigens, Neoplasm; Choriocarcinoma; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Dysgerminoma; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Middle Aged; Peptides; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Teratoma; Testicular Neoplasms; Tissue Polypeptide Antigen

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Breast Neoplasms; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Diagnosis, Differential; Dysgerminoma; Female; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lymphoma; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Osteosarcoma; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Testicular Neoplasms

During the past several years the development of radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemical techniques to detect small amounts of marker in the sera and cancer cells of cancer patients has made a significant impact on the diagnosis and management of certain cancers. Among these markers alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, and pregnancy specific beta-1 glycoprotein have been useful in the staging, detection of recurrence, prognosis, and management of testicular cancer. In this article the recent developments and future perspectives concerning these and other newer markers are discussed.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; alpha-Fetoproteins; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Dysgerminoma; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Prognosis; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radioimmunoassay; Receptors, Steroid; Teratoma; Testicular Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Three cases of giant cell tumor of bone were studied with the light and electron microscopes to determine the histochemical and cytochemical distribution of acid phosphatase isoenzymes. Using beta-glycerophosphate as a nonspecific substrate, acid phosphatase was found in the giant cells as well as the stromal cells. Ultrastructurally, using this substrate, the enzyme was found to be associated with lysosomes in the stromal cells and giant cells and also with the profuse system of tubules and vesicles in the cytoplasm of the giant cells. Using phosphorylcholine and D-ephedrinephosphate, which are substrates for a specific secretory isoenzyme of acid phosphatase, activity was found only in the vesicles of the giant cell cytoplasm. Lysosomes did not show activity with these substrates. Multinucleated cells of giant cell tumor contain a specific secretory type of acid phosphatase which is not present in the stromal cells. This suggests that the giant cells are attempting to form a secretory system similar to osteoclasts and that the vesicles in the cytoplasm which contain this acid phosphates are the morphologic expression of an abortive secretory system.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Aged; Bone Neoplasms; Cytoplasm; Dysgerminoma; Female; Femoral Neoplasms; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Humerus; Lysosomes; Metacarpus; Middle Aged; Osteoclasts

A patient with ectopic pinealoma first presented with apparent anorexia nervosa and hypernatraemic coma. A history of diabetes insipidus two months previously was not known on admission to hospital. The diabetes insipidus was unmasked by the administration of steroids. Neuroendocrinal and neuropathological aspects of the case are discussed with reference to the march of symptoms due to the growth of the tumour. Histochemical evidence is presented supporting the similarity between ectopic pinealoma and seminoma which suggests that they may more properly be referred to as atypical teratomas.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Anorexia Nervosa; Brain Neoplasms; Coma; Diabetes Insipidus; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase; Dysgerminoma; Electron Transport Complex IV; Esterases; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hypernatremia; Hypothalamus; Male; Osmolar Concentration; Oxidoreductases; Pinealoma; Sodium; Testicular Neoplasms; Thyroxine; Tuberculosis; Vasopressins

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bone Neoplasms; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Dysgerminoma; Female; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; Glutathione; Hexoses; Humans; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; Isomerases; Kidney Neoplasms; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Liver Function Tests; Liver Neoplasms; Malate Dehydrogenase; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Ovarian Neoplasms; Oxidoreductases; Prostatic Neoplasms; Transaminases; Ureteral Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: 5'-Nucleotidase; Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Coloring Agents; Dysgerminoma; Female; Humans; Male; Ovarian Neoplasms; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; Seminoma; Testicular Neoplasms; Testis