acid-phosphatase and Diarrhea

Experiences resulting from Emcyt therapy in patients with both newly diagnosed and hormone refractory advanced prostate cancer, as well as on adjuvant to surgery or radiotherapy in earlier disease are presented. Data from trials of the National Prostatic Cancer Project (NPCP) and a series from Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) were divided into short-term (up to twenty weeks and up to fifty-two weeks in adjuvant trials) and long-term therapy. Baseline disease and patient characteristics and toxicities encountered in these two treatment-duration groups were compared. Patients in a more favorable health or disease status and/or responded to therapy were more frequently in the long-term group. Patients in the long-term group tended to have higher over-all incidences of toxicity; and although many had occurrences begin as early as those in the short-term group, they were able to tolerate the therapy for relatively long periods. The agent is thus both effective and can be given safety for long periods of time.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Anorexia; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diarrhea; Drug Administration Schedule; Estramustine; Humans; Male; Nausea; Neoplasm Staging; Nitrogen Mustard Compounds; Probability; Prostatic Neoplasms; Time Factors; Vomiting

This study aimed to investigate the effect of putrescine on the immune function and intestinal bacteria of weaning piglets. Twenty-four male castrated weaning piglets on their 21st day were randomly assigned into four groups: control (basal diet) and treatment groups given basal diets supplemented with 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.15% putrescine for 11 days. Results were as follows: (1) Dietary putrescine increased the villus height, width, height/crypt depth and surface area, and decreased the diarrhea index (P < 0.05). (2) Dietary putrescine increased the lysozyme and acid phosphatase activities and the amount of immunoglobulin M, antibacterial peptides, and transforming growth factor β1, but decreased the mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (P < 0.05). (3) Dietary putrescine increased the mRNA expression of the mammalian target of rapamycin, signal transducer and activator of transcription, and Janus kinase 2 but decreased the mRNA expression of nuclear factor-kappa B P65 (P < 0.05). (4) Dietary putrescine increased the population of total bacteria, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium and decreased that of Escherichia coli in the colon and cecum (P < 0.05). (5) Finally, dietary putrescine increased the concentrations of butyrate and total volatile fatty acids in the colon and those of acetate, propionate, and total volatile fatty acids in the cecum (P < 0.05). Overall, putrescine can enhance intestinal development, improve immune functions, and regulate the population of intestinal bacteria in weaning piglets.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Bifidobacterium; Butyrates; Cecum; Colon; Diarrhea; Dietary Supplements; Escherichia coli; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Immunoglobulin M; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Janus Kinase 2; Lactobacillus; Male; Muramidase; Putrescine; RNA, Messenger; Signal Transduction; Sirolimus; Swine; Weaning

1. Castor oil (2 ml orally) produced diarrhoea in rats 1-7 h after challenge, which was associated with gross damage to the duodenal and jejunal mucosa. 2. The injury was accompanied by release of acid phosphatase into the gut lumen, indicating cellular injury. 3. Intraperitoneal injection of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 2.5-50 mg kg-1 twice), prevented the diarrhoea. The dose of L-NAME (50 mg kg-1) completely blocked the diarrhoea but increased the release of acid phosphatase and worsened the gross damage. 4. The NO donating compound, isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IMN, 150 mg kg-1 twice) reversed the effects of L-NAME (50 mg kg-1) on castor oil-induced diarrhoea, gross damage and acid phosphatase release. 5. The apparent dissociation of the diarrhoeal and intestinal mucosal damaging effects of castor oil suggest that NO has a protective effect on the rat duodenal and jejunal mucosa, but that NO mediates, in part, the diarrhoea effect of this laxative.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Arginine; Castor Oil; Diarrhea; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Intestinal Mucosa; Isosorbide Dinitrate; Male; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Nitric Oxide; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Vasodilator Agents

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; beta-Galactosidase; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Diarrhea; Histocytochemistry; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestine, Small; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Microvilli; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Convalescence; Diarrhea; Epithelium; Intestine, Small; Lymphatic Diseases; Lymphoid Tissue; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Microvilli; Peyer's Patches

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Anorexia Nervosa; Barium Sulfate; Biopsy, Needle; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Castration; Colitis; Diarrhea; Heart Failure; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Lumbar Vertebrae; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiotherapy Dosage; Radiotherapy, High-Energy; Spinal Diseases; Uric Acid

A case of the carcinoid syndrome associated with a proximal myopathy is reported. Histology showed advanced atrophy of type II muscle fibres but no inflammation. Perinuclear acid phosphatase was increased. Electron microscopy revealed persistence of the Z-line until the muscle fibre had been severely disrupted. Similar lesions have been observed in the hereditary muscular dystrophy in mice, and also in these animals and in rats when injected with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Treatment with cyproheptadine caused a documented response in the patient's debilitating diarrhoea and also produced symptomatic improvement in her muscular power. We suggest that the myopathy is due to circulating 5-HT or is a non-metastatic complication of the carcinoid tumour.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Cyproheptadine; Diarrhea; Feces; Female; Fenclonine; Humans; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Muscles; Muscular Diseases; Myofibrils

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bacteriophage Typing; Biomedical Research; Carrier State; Child; Diarrhea; Diarrhea, Infantile; Glutamates; Humans; Ketones; Mice; Pleurisy; Pneumonia; Research; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Suppuration

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Biopsy; Celiac Disease; Diarrhea; Electron Transport Complex II; Glycosaminoglycans; Histocytochemistry; Intestinal Diseases; Intestine, Small; Lipid Metabolism; Lymphoid Tissue; Rats; Research; Sprue, Tropical; Succinate Dehydrogenase