acid-phosphatase and Chronic-Disease

Disturbances in mineral metabolism and bone disease are common complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD) . There is increasing evidence suggesting that these disorders in mineral and bone metabolism are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular calcification, morbidity, and mortality, especially among those who undergo maintenance hemodialysis. It is very important for hemodialysis patients to assess the mineral and bone abnormalities. Although bone biopsy is necessary to diagnosis of renal osteodystrophy in CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) classification system, this technique is not recommended of routine evaluation for this bone disease. Thus, the presumption of bone disorder in hemodialysis patients has been essentially based on the parathyroid hormone level. However, it is obvious that measurement of parathyroid hormone dose not provide sufficient information. The parathyroid hormone level basically reflects the degree of activity of parathyroid glands and the CKD state is often associated with resistance of bone to the action of parathyroid hormone. Therefore, measurement of bone metabolic markers, such as bone specific alkaline phosphatase and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b, is increasingly recognized as a useful tool to assess bone metabolic states in hemodialysis patients. Bone metabolic markers may be useful for assessment in the rate of bone loss, the risk of fracture, and the effects of therapy as in osteoporotic patients without CKD.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Biomarkers; Bone and Bones; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Chronic Disease; Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder; Humans; Isoenzymes; Kidney Diseases; Minerals; Osteocalcin; Peptide Fragments; Procollagen; Renal Dialysis; Risk; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Vascular Calcification

Disturbances in mineral metabolism and bone disease are common complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD). There is increasing evidence suggesting that these disorders in mineral and bone metabolism are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular calcification, morbidity, and mortality, especially among those who undergo maintenance dialysis. It is very important for dialysis patients to assess the mineral and bone abnormalities. Although bone biopsy is necessary to diagnosis of renal osteodystrophy in CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) classification system, this technique is not recommended of routine evaluation for this bone disease. Bone metabolic markers, such as bone specific alkaline phosphatase and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b, may be useful clinical indicator of bone turnover in CKD-MBD.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Biomarkers; Bone and Bones; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chronic Disease; Dialysis; Humans; Isoenzymes; Kidney Diseases; Prognosis; Risk; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

The functional activity of peripheral phagocytes were comparatively studied in 14 HIV-infected patients and 28 patients with chronic Herpes simplex viral infection. The two groups exhibited lowered adhesive capacity of phagocytes, impaired production and excretion of active oxygen metabolites. In addition, the patients with chronic Herpes simplex infection showed much elevated levels of myeloperoxidase and acid phosphatase, which indicated its compensatory pattern. The HIV infected had no enhanced enzymatic activity. One cannot rule out that these differences in the functional activity of phagocytes are associated with different effects of viral peptides on the cellular wall of phagocytes.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Cell Adhesion; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; Chronic Disease; Enzyme Activation; Female; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Male; Neutrophils; Peroxidase; Phagocytosis; Recurrence

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Adult; Analgesics; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Blood Coagulation Factors; Cathepsins; Chronic Disease; Cryoglobulins; Factor IX; Factor VIII; Freeze Drying; Hemarthrosis; Hemophilia A; Home Nursing; Humans; Joint Diseases; Male; Muscles; Radiography; Synovial Fluid; Synovial Membrane

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Marrow Cells; Chromosomes, Human, 21-22 and Y; Chronic Disease; Cytoplasmic Granules; Genes; Genes, Regulator; Glycogen; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytes; Microscopy, Electron; Phagocytosis; Spleen

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Autoimmune Diseases; Autoradiography; Biopsy; Chronic Disease; Gastric Juice; Gastric Mucosa; Gastritis; Glycosaminoglycans; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Microscopy, Electron; Mitosis; NAD; NADP; Oxidoreductases; Pyrophosphatases; RNA

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Amylases; Carbonic Anhydrases; Chronic Disease; Gastric Juice; Gastric Mucosa; Gastritis; Glucuronidase; Humans; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Lipase; Muramidase; Oxidoreductases; Peptide Hydrolases

To elucidate the reason and mechanisms of neutralization of protease inhibitors and antioxidants by proteolytic enzymes and oxidants.. The trial included 92 patients with exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis. 47 of them had chronic recurrent pancreatitis (CRP), 45 patients had chronic fibrozing pancreatitis (CFP). Measurements were made of blood catalase and ceruloplasmin (according to P. Hubl, R. Breschneider and O. Houchin, respectively), alpha1-antitrypsin (by Reiderman), schiff bases (by B. Fletcher et al.), dienic conjugates (by Z. Placer), serum acid phosphatase (by Bodansky), acid phosphatase of polynuclear cells (by R. Nartsissiv), NBT-test was made according to B. Park.. Exacerbation of CRP was associated with enhancement of free radical lipid peroxidation (FPOL), release of proteolytic and lysosomal enzymes from acinar cells, a fall in catalase level. Catalase depression depends on the level of blood lysosomal enzymes and partially on FPOL activity. In CFP moderate activity of FPOL and trypsin is associated with normal levels of lysosomal enzymes and catalase. In both pancreatitis forms, alpha1-antitrypsin levels are low. This lowering is primary and unrelated with inflammatory process in the pancreas. A trypsin rise in both forms depends on lowering of alpha1-antitrypsin which via trypsin inhibits formation of lysosomal enzymes in polynuclear cells. Inability of protease inhibitor to block proteolytic (lysosomal) enzymes manifests in initial intraacinar activation of trypsin from trypsinogen, in inflammatory focus under polynuclear cells release of lysosomal enzymes and in proteolytic enzymes release from the affected acinar structures.. Lack of alpha1-antitrypsin--protease inhibitor--and depression of antioxidant catalase are main and intermediate elements in activation of mechanisms of proteolytic aggression and FPOL.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency; Biomarkers; Catalase; Ceruloplasmin; Chronic Disease; Free Radicals; gamma-Glutamyl Hydrolase; Humans; Lipid Peroxidation; Lysosomes; Neutrophils; Oxidoreductases; Pancreatitis; Trypsin

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) 5a is expressed strongly in inflammatory macrophages (MΦ). Serum TRACP5a is elevated in rheumatoid arthritis patients with extra-articular manifestations of rheumatoid nodules, in a percentage of patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease, and may be a risk marker for acute myocardial infarction. This proof-of-concept study was undertaken in patients with sarcoidosis to further substantiate our hypothesis that TRACP5a protein is a biomarker for macrophages in other chronic inflammatory diseases.. Immunohistochemical staining for TRACP5a and CD68 was performed in tissues of 19 patients with sarcoidosis. We also measured circulating TRACP5a protein and other inflammation biomarkers including interkeukin-6, angiotensin-converting enzyme, and C-reactive protein in 13 patients. Twenty healthy age-matched nonsmoking individuals were used as the reference group.. All sarcoidosis tissues showed strong staining for TRACP5a and CD68 in the non-caseating granulomatous lesions and localized specifically to MΦ, multinucleate giant cells, and epithelioid MΦ. Serum TRACP5a protein was elevated significantly in active sarcoidosis patients compared with the control group, and levels fluctuated with disease activity in one patient studied longitudinally.. TRACP5a protein is expressed abundantly in the granulomatous tissues and may be elevated in a significant proportion of sarcoidosis patients. These findings further support our hypothesis that serum TRACP5a is derived from systemic inflammatory MΦ and thereby may be a biomarker of inflammation for sarcoidosis and also reflect its disease activity.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-6; Isoenzymes; Macrophages; Male; Middle Aged; Sarcoidosis; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

Osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of the nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) play a central role in renal osteodystrophy. We evaluated OPG/RANKL and FGF-23 levels in 51 children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) [n = 26 stage 3 or 4 (CKD3-4) and n = 25 stage 5 (CKD5)] and 61 controls. Any possible association with intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and bone turnover markers was also investigated. The OPG levels were lower in the CKD3-4 group (p < 0.001) and higher in the CKD5 group (p < 0.01) than in the controls, while RANKL levels did not differ. The FGF-23 levels were higher in both patient groups (p < 0.0001), while the levels of phosphate and iPTH were higher only in the CKD5 group (p < 0.0001). There were independent positive correlations between OPG and RANKL (β = 0.297, p < 0.01) and FGF-23 (β = 0.352, p < 0.05) and a negative correlation with the bone resorption marker TRAP5b (β = -0.519, p < 0.001). OPG was positively correlated with iPTH (R = 0.391, p < 0.01). An independent positive correlation between FGF-23 and phosphate (β = 0.368, p < 0.05) or iPTH (β = 0.812, p < 0.0001) was noted. In conclusion, we found that higher OPG levels in patients with CKD stage 5 correlated with the levels of RANKL, FGF-23, iPTH, and TRAP5b. These findings may reflect a compensatory mechanism to the negative balance of bone turnover. High FGF-23 levels in early CKD stages may indicate the need for intervention to manage serum phosphate (Pi) levels.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Analysis of Variance; Biomarkers; Bone Remodeling; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Female; Fibroblast Growth Factor-23; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Greece; Humans; Isoenzymes; Kidney Diseases; Male; Osteoprotegerin; Parathyroid Hormone; Phosphates; RANK Ligand; Regression Analysis; Severity of Illness Index; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Chronic Disease; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Diseases; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; Up-Regulation

To evaluate the efficacy of 2 potentized homeopathic remedies of Arsenicum Album (Ars Alb)--6C and 30C--in combating chronic arsenic toxicity induced by repeated sublethal injections in mice (Mus musculus).. Mice were randomized and divided into sets: (1) normal (control 1); (2) normal + succussed alcohol (control 2); (3) As(2)O(3) (0.016%) injected at 1 ml/100 g body weight every 7 days (treated); (4) As(2)O(3) injected + succussed alcohol (positive control); (5) As(2)O(3) injected + Ars Alb 6C (drug-fed); (6) As(2)O(3) injected + Ars Alb 30C (drug-fed). Cytogenetical endpoints like chromosome aberrations, micronuclei, mitotic index, sperm head abnormality and biochemical protocols like acid and alkaline phosphatases, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidation, catalase and succinate dehydrogenase were studied at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days.. Compared to controls, chromosome aberrations, micronuclei, sperm head abnormality frequencies and activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases and lipid peroxidation were reduced in both drug-fed series, while mitotic index and activities of glutathione, catalase and succinate dehydrogenase were increased. Ars Alb 30C showed marginally better efficacy than Ars Alb 6C.. Both remedies indicated potentials of use against arsenic intoxication.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Arsenic Poisoning; Arsenic Trioxide; Arsenicals; Catalase; Chromosome Aberrations; Chronic Disease; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Female; Glutathione; Lipid Metabolism; Male; Materia Medica; Mice; Mitotic Index; Oxides; Spermatozoa; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Transaminases; Treatment Outcome

The peripheral blood lymphocytic activities of acid phosphatase (AP) and acid nonspecific esterase (ANE) (alpha-naphthylacetate esterase) were determined in 45 patients with chronic acquired toxoplasmosis on an exacerbation. There was a considerable increase in the activity of AP in the white blood cells, which being more pronounced in the monocytes. The activity of ANE was moderately enhanced in the lymphocytes. The determination of the leukocytic activities of AP and ANE may be used as additional tests in the diagnosis of an exacerbation of chronic acquired toxoplasmosis and in the evaluation of the efficiency of the treatment performed.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Leukocytes; Lymphocytes; Macrophages; Male; Middle Aged; Monocytes; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Neutrophils; Nitric Oxide; Toxoplasmosis

Dialysis-related amyloidosis is a complication of long-term chronic kidney disease (CKD) resulting in deposition of beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)M) amyloid in osteoarticular tissue. Clinical manifestations include destructive arthropathy, bone cysts, and fractures. Since osteolytic lesions are prominent findings around the beta(2)M deposits, we sought evidence whether beta(2)M causes bone destruction by directly stimulating osteoclast activity and if this was mediated by local cytokine production. A dose-dependent increase in the number of tartrate-resistant alkaline phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells was found in cultured mouse marrow cells treated with beta(2)M. Osteoprotegerin was unable to block this osteoclastogenic effect of beta(2)M. Osteoblasts or stromal cells were not necessary to induce this osteoclastogenesis, as formation was induced by incubating beta(2)M with colony-forming unit granulocyte macrophages (the earliest identified precursor of osteoclasts) or the murine RAW 264.7 monocytic cell line. beta(2)M Upregulated tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-1 expression in a dose-dependent manner; however, a TNF-alpha-neutralizing antibody blocked beta(2)M-induced osteoclast formation. These results show that beta(2)M stimulates osteoclastogenesis, supporting its direct role in causing bone destruction in patients with CKD.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Amyloidosis; Animals; Antibodies; beta 2-Microglobulin; Bone Resorption; Calcium; Cell Line; Chronic Disease; Gene Expression; Integrin beta3; Interleukin-1; Interleukin-6; Isoenzymes; Kidney Diseases; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Osteoclasts; RANK Ligand; Receptors, Calcitonin; Renal Dialysis; Skull; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

To determine whether peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from chronic periodontitis patients differ from PBMCs from matched control patients in their capacity to form osteoclast-like cells.. PBMCs from 10 subjects with severe chronic periodontitis and their matched controls were cultured on plastic or on bone slices without or with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL). The number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive (TRACP(+)) multinucleated cells (MNCs) and bone resorption were assessed.. TRACP(+) MNCs were formed under all culture conditions, in patient and control cultures. In periodontitis patients, the formation of TRACP(+) MNC was similar for all three culture conditions; thus supplementation of the cytokines was not needed to induce MNC formation. In control cultures, however, M-CSF or M-CSF/RANKL resulted in higher numbers compared with cultures without cytokines. Upregulations of osteoclast marker mRNA cathepsin K and carbonic anhydrase II confirmed the osteoclastic character. Bone resorption was only observed when PBMCs were cultured in the presence of M-CSF and RANKL.. Our data indicate that PBMCs from periodontitis patients do not need priming by M-CSF to become osteoclast-like cells, suggesting that PBMCs from periodontitis patients are present in the circulation in a different state of activity.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Cell Differentiation; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; Male; Matched-Pair Analysis; Middle Aged; Osteoclasts; Periodontitis; RANK Ligand; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

To investigate the histopathologic study of the ethmoid bone in chronic sinusitis (CRS) and the role of bone pathology in the pathogenesis of CRS.. Specimens of mucosa of ethmoid sinus with bone were collected during operation from 40 patients with CRS, 25 males and 15 females, aged 44.8, and specimens of mucosa of ethmoid sinus were collected from 16 patients with other otorhinolaryngologic diseases, 9 males and 7 females, aged 40.9 during operation. The specimens underwent HE, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and Van Gieson staining so as to obtain the scores of nasal mucosa inflammation, pathology of mucoperiosteum and bone, and activity of bone remodeling.. The average score of mucosal inflammation of the CRS group was 2.30 +/- 0.88, significantly higher than that of the control group (1.38 +/- 0.81, P = 0.004). The score of mucoperiosteum and bone pathology of the CRS group was 1.65 +/- 0.84, significantly higher than that of the control group (1.00 +/- 0.73, P = 0.004). The score of bone remodeling activity of the CRS group was 2.15 +/- 0.74, significantly higher than that of the control group (1.56 +/- 0.63, P = 0.007). In the CRS patients, the score of mucosal inflammation was not significantly correlated with the mucoperiosteum and bone pathology (R = 0.047, P = 0.772), and the activity of bone remodeling (R = 0.021, P = 0.897).. The ethmoid bone of CRS patients shows marked fibrosis, bone remodeling, structure of woven bone, and pathologic changes similar to those of chronic osteomyelitis, especially bone absorption, new bone formation, etc.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Chronic Disease; Ethmoid Bone; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Isoenzymes; Male; Middle Aged; Nasal Bone; Nasal Mucosa; Osteomyelitis; Sinusitis; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

Acute and chronic infectious prostatitis are the best understood of the prostate syndromes, but they are the least frequent. In contrast, although chronic non-infectious prostatitis is the most frequent syndrome, its cause has proved elusive despite years of investigation. In the present study, we analyzed a group of patients with infectious and non-infectious chronic prostatitis in order to search for the presence of a possible autoimmune response to prostate antigens. We demonstrated the presence of lymphocytes able to proliferate in response to known human prostate antigens such as PSA and PAP only in a group of patients with non-infectious chronic prostatitis. We observed that, as in other autoimmune diseases, a proliferative response against two or more autoantigens was a common feature. Moreover, when INFgamma and IL-10 levels were measured in culture supernatants, significantly elevated levels of INFgamma were detected only in samples from patients with positive proliferative response to prostate antigens. Interestingly, only these patients showed significantly elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 and TNF-alpha) in seminal plasma, arguing for a local inflammation of non-infectious cause. Our results show that INFgamma-secreting lymphocytes specific to prostate antigens are in fact detected in 34% of the patients with chronic non-infectious prostatitis. We speculate that these cells could be involved in the inflammatory process taking place in the prostate gland and therefore could alter its biological function.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Antibody Formation; Antigen Presentation; Antigens; Autoimmunity; Cell Proliferation; Chronic Disease; Extracellular Fluid; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-1; Interleukin-10; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatitis; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; Semen; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

The aim of the present study was to clarify the therapeutic effects of 1alpha, 25[OH]2 vitamin D3 (calcitriol) pulse injection on bone lesions induced in a rat model of chronic cadmium toxicosis. Ovariectomized (OVX) and control-operated (sham-OVX) rats were given repeated intravenous injections of 0.5 mg/kg/day CdCl2 for 70 weeks. The rats were then treated intravenously with 0.02 microg/kg/day calcitriol 3 days per week for 8 weeks. CdCl2 treatment induced increases in osteoid volumes of the femur cortex and trabecula. This change was accompanied by an increase in the volume of iron deposition at the mineralization front of the trabeculae and a reduction in mineral density. Abnormalities of bone metabolic parameters, which were increases in the blood calcium, inorganic phosphorous, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and osteocalcin levels, and in the urine deoxypyridinoline (D-PYR) level, were also induced. Calcitriol treatment increased the blood calcium and inorganic phosphorous levels, and reduced the blood PTH level. Decreases in blood tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and urine d-PYR levels were also induced indicating that bone resorption was suppressed. The findings indicated that the increased osteoid volume of the cortex and Fe-deposition volume of the trabecula were improved. These effects or improvements were observed in the sham-OVX rats but not in the OVX rats.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Amino Acids; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Biomarkers; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Cadmium; Cadmium Chloride; Cadmium Poisoning; Calcitriol; Chronic Disease; Erythrocyte Indices; Female; Femur; Hemoglobins; Iron; Models, Animal; Osteocalcin; Osteomalacia; Ovariectomy; Pulse Therapy, Drug; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Attempts were made to detect and measure the activities of arylsulfatases. A&B acid phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (aspartate transaminase) enzymes in human chronic lesions of endodontic origin. Thirteen periapical lesions of endodontic origin and 11 noninflamed control periapical tissues were obtained. The specimens were carried to the laboratory on liquid nitrogen and kept at -70 degrees C. Samples were thawed, homogenized, and then assayed for enzyme activities. The specific activities of arylsulfatase A (nmol/hr/mg protein) were 55.0+/-10.7 (chronic lesions) vs. 3.4+/-2.2 (controls) (p < 0.01). Arylsulfatase B specific activities (nmol/hr/mg protein) were 50.3+/-6.4 (chronic lesions) vs 91.8+/-18.4 (controls). Total acid phosphatase activities (mU/mg protein) were 45.8+/-6.6 (chronic lesions) vs. 26.8+/-3.1 (controls). Lactate dehydrogenase activities (Berger-Broida units/mg protein) of the chronic periapical lesions were significantly higher than the control group (362+/-63.2) vs. (140+/-46.0) (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the specific activities of aspartate transaminase in chronic lesions and the control group (68.0+/-14.5) vs. (53.0+/-10.4) mU/mg protein).

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Cerebroside-Sulfatase; Chronic Disease; Dental Pulp Diseases; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; N-Acetylgalactosamine-4-Sulfatase; Periapical Diseases; Periapical Tissue; Spectrophotometry; Statistics as Topic

Investigation of functional-metabolic activity of leukocytes by assessment of basic components of the microbicidal system in the course of chronic brucellosis with reference to the stage, severity, complications and concomitant diseases.. Time course of changes in myeloperoxidase, acid and alkaline phosphatase activity, levels of cation protein, glycogen and lipids in leukocytes were studied in seventy-one 16-70-year-old patients with exacerbation of chronic brucellosis. The diagnosis of primary-chronic, secondary-chronic brucellosis, subcompensation was made in 13, 58 and 69 patients, respectively. 14 patients had chronic infectious inflammatory diseases, 13 patients had chronic non-inflammatory diseases.. Patients with chronic brucellosis at the height of the exacerbation had suppressed activity of myeloperoxidase and lowered level of cationic protein with high activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases, elevated glycogen and lipids in leukocytes. General condition of the patients improved in parallel with multidirectional shifts in the levels of microbicidal system components with normalization at the stage of persistent remission.. Changes in the level of intracellular components of leukocytes depended on brucellosis stage, severity, complications, concomitant diseases, completeness of recovery. This is of clinico-diagnostic significance.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Blood Bactericidal Activity; Brucellosis; Chronic Disease; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Leukocytes; Lipids; Male; Middle Aged; Peroxidase

Despite several studies on the effect of calcium deficiency on bone status, there is relatively little information on the ensuing histological alterations. To investigate bone changes during chronic hypocalcemia, weanling rats were kept on a calcium-free diet and deionized water for 28 days while control animals were fed normal chow. The epiphyseal-metaphyseal region of the tibiae were processed for histomorphometric, histochemical, and structural analyses. The distribution of bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteocalcin (OC), and osteopontin (OPN), three noncollagenous bone matrix proteins implicated in cell-matrix interactions and regulation of mineral deposition, was examined using postembedding colloidal gold immunocytochemistry. The experimental regimen resulted in serum calcium levels almost half those of control rats. Trabecular bone volume showed no change but osteoid exhibited a significant increase in all its variables. There were a multitude of mineralization foci in the widened osteoid seam, and intact matrix vesicles were observed in the forming bone. Many of the osteoblasts apposed to osteoid were tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)- and alkaline phosphatase-positive, whereas controls showed few such TRAP-reactive cells. Osteoclasts in hypocalcemic rats generally exhibited poorly developed ruffled borders and were inconsistently apposed to bony surfaces showing a lamina limitans. Sometimes osteoclasts were in contact with osteoid, suggesting that they may resorb uncalcified matrix. Cement lines at the bone-calcified cartilage interface in some cases were thickened but generally did not appear affected at bone-bone interfaces. As in controls, electron-dense portions of the mineralized matrix showed labeling for BSP, OC, and OPN but, in contrast, there was an abundance of immunoreactive mineralization foci in osteoid of hypocalcemic rats. These data suggest that chronic hypocalcemia affects both bone formation and resorption.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Bone and Bones; Calcium; Chronic Disease; Diet; Extracellular Matrix; Histocytochemistry; Hypocalcemia; Immunohistochemistry; Isoenzymes; Microscopy, Electron; Osteocalcin; Osteopontin; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sialoglycoproteins; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Tibia

Serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAcP) activity is considered to be a biochemical marker of bone resorption. Recently, a lack of specificity of collagen-related markers for assessing bone turnover has been observed in patients with chronic liver disease. Thus, it could be of great interest to determine serum TRAcP activity in such patients. However, nonspecificity of the analytical reaction could occur when hemolyzed, lipemic, or icteric specimens are analyzed. Therefore, we have studied the interference caused by bilirubin in the measurement of serum TRAcP activity using the Hillmann method. The interference was assessed in two pools of serum containing different bilirubin concentrations but with similar total AcP levels. Mixing proportional parts of the two pools, 10 samples were also obtained. Serum activities of total AcP and TRAcP, and the concentration of bilirubin were measured in the 10 samples. Both the actual and the expected values obtained by theoretical calculations were compared. Serum bilirubin values of 2.4 mg/dl showed a negative interference of 15% in the determination of serum TRAcP activity, whereas values of bilirubin higher than 10 mg/dl interfered totally with the measurement of serum TRAcP. Bilirubin did not interfere with the total AcP determination. This study clearly shows the interference of bilirubin in the determination of serum TRAcP. This finding should be considered when bone metabolism disorders are evaluated in jaundiced patients.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bilirubin; Biomarkers; Bone Resorption; Chronic Disease; Humans; Isoenzymes; Jaundice; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

This study of trimetasidine effects on plasmic hemostasis and blood biochemistry in patients with chronic heart failure (CCF) of NYHA functional class II-III.. This study enrolled 30 patients (24 males and 6 females) aged 40-72 years with class II-III CCF, postinfarction cardiosclerosis and ejection fraction under 40%. Previously the patients received perindopril (the inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme) in daily dose 2-4 mg, on-demand digoxin and diuretics. Trimetasidine was given in a daily dose 60 mg for 6 months. Before and after the treatment the patients' blood was examined for: levels of factors VII and X of antithrombin III coagulation, soluble fibrinomonomeric complexes (SFMC), fibrinogen, glucose, uric acid, creatinines, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, triglycerides, AST, ALT, LDH, acid phosphotase, gamma-GT, sodium, potassium, activated partial thrombin time.. Initially, the patients had a 23.9% increase in the levels of factors VII and X, a 14.3% decrease of antithrombin III, 29.8 and 227.6% rise in concentrations of fibrinogen and SFMC, respectively, compared to controls. Aftertreatment values of fibrinogen, factors VII and X, SFMC fell by 21.1, 17 and 35.5%, respectively. The thrombin time arose by 17.9% (p > 0.05). Insignificant inhibition was registered in the activity of acid phosphotase and gamma-GT. Glucose, AST, ALT, LDH levels remained unchanged. Plasma creatinine tended to lowering. Total cholesterol insignificantly increased at high levels of HDL cholesterol (p > 0.05) and reduced levels of triglycerides (p > 0.05).. Trimetasidine therapy, given after conventional treatment with diuretics, digoxin, inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme, aspirin has a beneficial effect in patients with circulatory deficiency through improving hemostatic and biochemical parameters.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Coagulation Factors; Cholesterol, HDL; Chronic Disease; Creatinine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Heart Failure; Hemostasis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Plasma; Treatment Outcome; Triglycerides; Trimetazidine; Vasodilator Agents

Inflammation is a common finding in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and may be classified as acute, chronic active or chronic inactive prostatitis. The aim of the present study was to localise the different types of inflammatory cells in prostatic lesions to determine the sequence of events in the cellular reaction. We have carried out immunohistological characterisation of the inflammatory cells, using CD45RO and CD3 antibodies to detect T-lymphocytes, CD20 antibodies to detect B-lymphocytes, CD68 to detect macrophages, kappa and lambda immunoglobulin light chains, and antibodies against prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostate specific acid phosphatase (PSAP). Macrophages accumulated in the lumen and glandular epithelial layers of damaged prostatic glands and were found in the periglandular cuff of inflammatory cells in acute and chronic active prostatitis. Lymphocytes also accumulated in large numbers in the glandular epithelial layers and around the glands, indicating an association with macrophages. B-lymphocytes were scanty, if at all present, in acute and chronic active prostatitis, but were prominent within well-organised follicle centres in chronic active prostatitis. Cells positive for light chains were few and scattered in prostatic tissue. PSA and PSAP activity was lost in recently damaged prostatic glandular epithelium and reappeared only in regenerating secretory epithelium, indicating leakage as a result of damage. We suggest that the initial response to prostatic injury is cellular, and probably related to leakage into the periglandular tissues of PSA, PSAP and other antigenic molecules normally present in prostatic secretion. Macrophages respond, followed by recruitment of T-lymphocytes which participate in the inflammatory response and accumulate around the damaged glands. B-cell activity appears to be a late event.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Antigens, CD; B-Lymphocytes; Chronic Disease; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Immunoglobulin Isotypes; Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains; Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains; Macrophages; Male; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatitis; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Adult; Biomarkers; Bone Marrow; Chronic Disease; Humans; Middle Aged; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic

The lipid composition of seminal plasma was studied in 15 control subjects and 21 patients consulting for hypofertility and showing a chronic infection of the urogenital tract. In the infected patients a significant reduction in total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and total phospholipids was noted. Moreover, there is a significant correlation between the rates of total cholesterol and prostatic acid phosphatases and the rates of phospholipids and proteins in seminal plasma. Knowing the role of lipids in the phenomena of maturation and capacitation of spermatozoa, such modifications enable us to understand better the functional anomalies of sperm observed in patients with chronic infection of the urogenital tract and also enable us to explain the effects of the infection on fertility.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Chronic Disease; Humans; Infections; Infertility, Male; Lipids; Male; Male Urogenital Diseases; Proteins; Semen

We studied 78 men with suspicion of prostatic carcinoma, who underwent transrectal aspiration biopsy, diagnosing 46 adenocarcinoma, 13 chronic prostatitis and 19 benign prostatic hyperplasia. Moreover, we determined prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) by enzyme immunoanalysis, resulting in 9/78 false-positives and 18/78 false-negatives. Also, we carried out a morphometric analysis of the cytologic samples which showed good correlation with the cytologic diagnosis except in the moderately differentiated carcinomas. We found a good correlation between PAP values, cytologic diagnosis and nuclear size as well as the percentage of the binucleolated cells.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Biopsy, Needle; Chronic Disease; False Negative Reactions; False Positive Reactions; Humans; Male; Prospective Studies; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Prostatitis

Infections of the prostate may occur despite the numerous host defences of the male urogenital tract. It is important to distinguish patients with genuine inflammation of the gland from the larger number of men with symptoms but no signs of an inflammatory response (prostatodynia). To define prostatitis, the degree of the inflammatory reaction must first be determined. Increased numbers of leucocytes in expressed prostatic secrections (EPS) are essential for this diagnosis. Careful lower urinary tract studies may then be used to classify the patients into two major groups of bacterial and nonbacterial prostatitis. Chronic bacterial prostatitis is primarily due to Escherichia coli. Gram-positive prostatitis is debatable. In chronic bacterial prostatitis, secretory dysfunction is common. The increased alkalinity of the pH of expressed prostatic secretions is one of the reasons for poor results of antibiotic therapy. Uncommon microorganisms, such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum may be involved in some cases of the "nonbacterial" form. Routine culture for these microorganisms is not recommended.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Biopsy; Chronic Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Granulocytes; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Immunoglobulins; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukocyte Count; Male; Prostate; Prostatitis; Specific Gravity

Examinations of 18 patients with mycoses of the foot complicated by allergic processes, have revealed elevated blood serum concentrations of histamine, serotonin, cathepsin D, and acid phosphatase, and a lowered activity of monoamine oxidase, as compared to 22 patients with mycoses not complicated with allergic manifestations. This fact reflects one of the aspects of a pathogenetic difference between these patients and necessitates combined therapy to correct the detected abnormalities.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Cathepsin D; Chronic Disease; Coal Mining; Histamine; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Lysosomes; Male; Middle Aged; Monoamine Oxidase; Serotonin; Tinea Pedis; Ukraine

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Chronic Disease; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphocyte Activation; Phytohemagglutinins; Pneumonia

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Chronic Disease; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Fallopian Tubes; Female; Glucuronidase; Rabbits; Salpingitis; Staphylococcal Infections

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Chronic Disease; Glycogen; Humans; Neutrophils; Pancreatitis; Peroxidase; Phagocytosis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Chronic Disease; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Male; Middle Aged; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Recurrence; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Sarcoidosis; T-Lymphocytes

A study was made of the level, viability and functional activity of alveolar macrophages (AM) in lavage of 86 patients with chronic bronchitis (26 with nonobstructive and 60 with obstructive bronchitis). A decrease in AM viability by 11-25%, phagocytic activity 1.6-4.6-fold, the NBT-test 1.5-3.4-fold and an increase in acid phosphatase activity more than 2-fold were revealed. The degree of a decrease in AM activity depended on the presence of bronchial tree obstruction and the purulent nature of inflammation. Treatment (a total of 33 patients were examined) resulted in an increase in AM content and viability however AM functional properties did not return to normal completely, the rate of positive shifts in activity indices did not correlate with clinical manifestations. An analysis of the dependence of AM functional activity on the type of drug therapy showed that tetracycline inhibited AM functional activity, ampicillin made a favorable effect on the restoration of AM function and beclomet stimulated significantly AM activity.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Bronchitis; Cell Survival; Chronic Disease; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Humans; Macrophages; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidation-Reduction; Phagocytosis; Pulmonary Alveoli; Therapeutic Irrigation

A prospective study of serum prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) levels in benign prostatic disease is reported. In 12 patients with acute retention the initial PAP level when compared with the level twenty-four hours after catheterization showed a significant fall (p less than 0.02). The initial PAP level was raised above the upper limit of normal in 7 patients (in 3 markedly so, of whom 2 had subsequent histologic evidence of prostatic infarction). In 10 patients with chronic retention there was a significant rise in the PAP level twenty-four hours after catheterization, but in only 1 case did this exceed the normal range. We discuss the significance of a raised PAP level in patients with acute retention and suggest that it may indicate a group of patients in whom the etiology of acute retention is spontaneous prostatic infarction and subsequently may require different management.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Aged; Chronic Disease; Humans; Male; Prospective Studies; Prostate; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Urination Disorders

At present no single test is effective in detecting prostatic carcinoma, although some newer tests show promise. Several investigators are working to increase the specificity and sensitivity of various radioimmunoassays for prostatic cancer detection, but to date this research has not been rewarding. Careful rectal examination and close attention to the patient's symptoms may still be the only keys to diagnosis. Patients in their 50s and 60s with acute onset of symptoms have a relatively high incidence of prostatic carcinoma. These patients should have a rectal examination and aspiration biopsy cytology of any suspicious areas found on examination. Possibly these patients should have aspiration biopsy cytology even in the absence of suspicious findings to screen for disease before it becomes an obvious clinical entity. This is perhaps the best approach to prostatic cancer, ie, attack at a time in which there are fewer cells and a greater chance of cure.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Biopsy, Needle; Bone and Bones; Chronic Disease; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Physical Examination; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radionuclide Imaging; Ultrasonography

A combined cytochemical and electron microscopical study has delineated a new type of an erythrocytic inclusion body. Enzyme cytochemically these inclusions are characterized by beta-glucuronidase as a marker enzyme. In part, the inclusions may contain acid phosphatase and ferritin. The inclusions develop in mature erythrocytes since beta-glucuronidase normally does not occur in erythroblasts and, in general, this type of inclusion body is not found in erythroblasts. Based upon our preliminary findings, the hypothesis is extended that beta-glucuronidase is taken up via receptor-mediated endocytosis into erythrocytes and is finally put into clustered cytolysosomal vaculoes, that account for the inclusion bodies as seen at light microscopy. Exogenous beta-glucuronidase might be contributed for by breakdown of cells (e.g. hepatocytes) producing this enzyme in considerable amounts numbers. This view is corroborated by the observation that most patients with beta-glucuronidase-positive inclusions suffered from various chronic disorders of the liver.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Chronic Disease; Cytoplasm; Erythrocyte Inclusions; Erythrocytes, Abnormal; Female; Ferritins; Glucuronidase; Heinz Bodies; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Liver Diseases; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Vacuoles

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Chronic Disease; Enterocolitis; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Lymphocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Catalase; Chronic Disease; Female; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Neutrophils; Peroxidase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Chronic Disease; Glomerulonephritis; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental; Humans; Lymphocytes; Neutrophils; Rats; Succinate Dehydrogenase

The maximal activities of liver lysosomal enzymes (acid phosphatase and cathepsin D) were found to be increased in patients with chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis and primary hepatocellular carcinoma. The ratio between maximal and basal activity (an expression of the degree of retention of the enzymes to lysosome) of acid phosphatase was significantly decreased in patients with chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis whereas that of cathepsin D did not show any significant changes between normal and various liver disorders. Serum levels of both the enzymes were elevated significantly in patients with cirrhosis and primary hepatocellular carcinoma.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cathepsin D; Cathepsins; Chronic Disease; Humans; Liver; Liver Diseases; Lysosomes; Middle Aged; Proteins

A rapid radioassay was used to characterise the adenosine diphosphatase (ADPase) activities in human plasma. There was a major peak at pH 9.3, 80% of whose activity was attributable to non-specific alkaline phosphatase, with the remaining 20% probably due to a specific ADPase. There was also a small peak of ADPase activity at pH 4.0. Inhibitor and chromatographic studies showed that whilst much of this activity was attributable to non-specific acid phosphatase, there was a discrete acid ADPase. Assays of plasma ADPase activities in vascular disorders, including myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease and diabetes mellitus, reveal no alterations from control values. Activities of alkaline ADPase were elevated in both chronic and acute liver failure. Acid ADPase was also increased in chronic liver disease and it is suggested that alterations in ADPase activities in liver disorders may contribute to the haemostatic problems observed in these patients.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Alkaline Phosphatase; Apyrase; Chromatography, Gel; Chronic Disease; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Liver Diseases; Myocardial Infarction; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Vascular Diseases

Nine lysosomal enzymes and alkaline phosphatase have been assayed in human pancreatic juice from controls and patients with chronic calcifying pancreatitis. Specific activities were evaluated by a nonparametric test (Wilcoxon) with a probability of 2 P less than or equal to 0.5. The values of acid phosphatase, alpha-glucosidase, beta-glucosidase and alpha-galactosidase are significantly higher in pathological juices; the values of alpha-mannosidase and beta-glucuronidase are also increased in the same patients but at the limit of significance. Alkaline phosphatase, beta-hexosaminidase and alpha-fucosidase follows the same trend but the values are not statistically significant between the two groups of patients. Studies on skin cultures of four patients with chronic calcifying pancreatitis demonstrate that the increased specific activities of lysosomal enzymes in the pathological juices do not correspond to a leakage of these enzymes into the extracellular space as described for cystic fibrosis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; alpha-Glucosidases; Calcinosis; Cells, Cultured; Chronic Disease; Cystic Fibrosis; Fibroblasts; Humans; Hydrolases; Lysosomes; Pancreatic Juice; Pancreatitis

Bone resorption is a significant component of chronic inflammatory ear disease. Bone is a unique tissue requiring both demineralization and collagen degradation for breakdown. Mineral removal probably occurs prior to collagen destruction. A localized change in pH may be one of the mechanisms that induces demineralization. Localized accumulations of lysosomal acid hydrolases could provide the acidic environment necessary for mineral removal. The present study utilizes the electron microscope to localize the lysosomal enzyme acid phosphatase in specimens removed from patients with chronic otitis media. Areas of localized bone resorption exhibited mononuclear inflammatory cells attached to the resorption margin. These cells contained abundant acid phosphatase, as did isolated fibroblasts within the zone of inflammation at the resorption margin. Extra cellular acid phosphatase was seen in these areas. Within the bone, osteocytes adjacent to resorption displayed increased cytoplasmic organelle patterns and contained the acid phosphatase reaction. The localization of destructive enzymes in mononuclear inflammatory cells and osteocytes explains the bony destructive changes observed in human chronic otitis media in the absence of multinucleated osteoclasts.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Resorption; Chronic Disease; Ear Ossicles; Humans; Microscopy, Electron; Otitis Media

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Chronic Disease; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Humans; Lipids; Methods; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Pneumonia

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Alkaline Phosphatase; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Female; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis, Chronic; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Lymphocytes; Male; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Aural polypi associated with chronic suppurative otitis media have been studied histopathologically and histochemically in 20 patients. The polypi consist of an edematous connective tissue stroma infiltrated by chronic inflammatory cells and numerous blood vessels. The surface is covered by intact stratified squamous epithelium. The histochemical study revealed altered permeability of the blood vessels which seem to be the main pathological background for polyp formation. An enhanced phagocytic activity and increased metabolic activity were found in the epithelium in the chronic inflammatory cells. No glandular activity was found in the polypi.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Chronic Disease; Ear Neoplasms; Humans; Otitis Media with Effusion; Polyps; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Arthritis has been induced in the knee joint of rabbits by the method of Dumonde and Glynn (1962); the animals were killed at various intervals up to 3 months. Unfixed cryostat sections of the synovial lining from control and arthritic joints have been used for the assay of lysosomal acid phosphatase, naphthylamidase, beta-glucuronidase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase. Enzyme activity in the synovial lining cell population has been quantitated by scanning and integrating microdensitometry. Beginning one week after induction of inflammation in the joint, significant elevations in the activity of all enzymes assayed were found in the synoviocytes of the inflamed joints.

Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Acid Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Animals; Arthritis, Experimental; Chronic Disease; Glucuronidase; Hydrolases; Knee Joint; Lysosomes; Rabbits; Synovial Membrane

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Chronic Disease; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Peroxidases; Pneumonia

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Animals; Chronic Disease; Histocytochemistry; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lead Poisoning; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Liver Glycogen; Male; Rats; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Seven patients are presented with a chronic lymphoproliferative disorder characterized clinically by splenomegaly, no or discrete lymphnode enlargement, and a varying degree of cytopenia. In blood and bone-marrow smears lymphoid cells of "hairy" appearance are demonstrable which may contain tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. The finding of a nodular bone-marrow infiltration without fibrosis as well as that of a nodular infiltration of the spleen originating in the white pulp are incompatible with the diagnosis hairy-cell leukemia and place the disease near to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or leukemic immunocytoma respectively. A detailed cytologic and cytochemical examination of the infiltrating cells shows deviations from the typical enzymatic pattern of hairy cells and from known enzymatic constellations in CLL and related lymphoproliferative disorders. Thus, we are dealing with an intermediate form, difficult to classify, the separation of which nevertheless seems to be important for therapeutical reasons.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Bone Marrow; Chronic Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Male; Middle Aged; Spleen; Splenomegaly

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Enzyme Activation; Humans; Leukocytes; Lymphocyte Activation; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Peroxidases

The authors have measured the activity of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronaidase and cathepsin-D in tthe sera of patients with different liver diseases, and the actvity of beta-glucuronidase in granulocytes and the rate of its release. Using the method for the releaseof beta-glucuronidase from the granulocytes they drew conclusions to thedegree of the membrane-damage occurring in the liver diseases. They provided that in the sera of patients with different liver diseases the increase in the activity of the acid phosphatase and the beta-glucuronidase is different. According to their in vitro studies the decrease in the beta-glucuronidase activity measured in the granulocytes, and the release of enzyme is in connection with the type of liver disease and with the different degree of lysosomal membrane alteration.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Chronic Disease; Female; Glucuronidase; Granulocytes; Hepatitis; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Diseases; Lysosomes; Male; Middle Aged

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chronic Disease; Glycogen; Humans; Leukocytes; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Middle Aged; Peroxidases; Pneumonia; Sulfanilamides

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Bronchial Neoplasms; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Female; Glucuronidase; Humans; Male; Ribonucleases; Sputum

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Chronic Disease; Epithelium; Graves Disease; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lysosomes; Microscopy, Electron; Peroxidases; Staining and Labeling; Thyroiditis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Carrier State; Chronic Disease; Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; Humans; Lymphocytes; Middle Aged; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Typhoid Fever

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Chronic Disease; Deoxyribonucleases; Endopeptidases; Humans; Lung Diseases; Lysosomes; Male; Middle Aged; Ribonucleases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Alkaline Phosphatase; Biopsy; Child; Chronic Disease; Duodenitis; Duodenum; Enzyme Activation; Female; Gastritis; Gastroscopy; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lipase; Male

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Ammonia; Animals; Antidotes; Azo Compounds; Chronic Disease; Coloring Agents; Granulocytes; Guinea Pigs; Histocytochemistry; Male; Naphthalenes; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Naphthols; Nitrous Oxide; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; Peroxidases

The results of cytological examinations of sputum in 100 patients with chronic bronchitis in the period of exacerbration of the disease and in 70 patients with limited chronic inflammatory process in the lung clinically interpreted either as chronic pneumonia or pneumosclerosis are compared. Considerable accumulations of round-cell elements of inflammatory infiltrate with predominance of monocytes as well as predominant exfoliation of transitory bronchial epithelium and not ciliated epithelium were most frequently found in the group of patients with limited chronic inflammatory process in the lung. Fragments of atypical bronchial epithelium simulating cancer elements were found mostly in patients with chronic bronchitis showing marked an asthmatic component. In the course of exacerbation of chronic asthmatic bronchitis accompanied by positive clinical dynamics, there was an increase in the size of alveolar macrophages in the sputum and increase in the content of hydrolytic enzymes, acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase, in them.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Esterases; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pneumonia; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Sputum

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Chronic Disease; Glycogen; Humans; Leukocytes; Lipids; Middle Aged; Peroxidases; Pneumonia

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Carrier State; Chronic Disease; Enzyme Activation; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Peroxidase; Typhoid Fever

A model of chronic pancreatitis has been created in 13 mongrel dogs. The animals were withdrawn from the experiment 2 months after the beginning of it. According to the author's data, artifically created insufficiency of the constrictors of the common bile and pancreatic ducts in dogs is analogous to unfitness of the sphincter in man and results in the development of the changes in the abdominal cavity, specific for chronic pancreatitis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Chronic Disease; Common Bile Duct; Disease Models, Animal; DNA; Dogs; Pancreas; Pancreatic Ducts; Pancreatitis; RNA; Sphincter of Oddi

The ceruminous glands have been studied histologically and histochemically in twenty patients suffering from chronic suppurative otitis media with discharging ears, and in ten patients with dry central perforations, in comparison with normal ears. The present study revealed hyperactivity of the glands initially; later on, atrophy and fibrosis took place. Thus the diminution of wax may be due to: (1) The washing effect of the discharge. (2) Atrophy of the glandular structures. (3) Periglandular fibrosis. As the discharge stops, regeneration of the glands occurs.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Cerumen; Chronic Disease; Ear Canal; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Otitis Media; Otitis Media, Suppurative

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Animals; Chronic Disease; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Liver; Liver Glycogen; Methylmercury Compounds; Rats; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Sulfhydryl Compounds

1. Long trem benzene action brings about a permanent decrease in oxidoreductive enzymes and active transport as well as an inactivation of the lysosomal apparatus in liver-cells. 2. Particular liver lobule zones show different sensitivity to toxic action of benzene which might result from their different role in the processes of benzene biotransformation.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Benzene; Calcium-Transporting ATPases; Chronic Disease; Liver; Male; Mice; NADH Tetrazolium Reductase; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Succinate Dehydrogenase

The effect of a single injection of lysosomotropic agent--Triton WR-1339 on the properties of the rat liver lysosomes and the course of pathological process during chronic toxic hepatitis were studied. Triton WR-1339 administration was followed by a more rapid restoration of the liver structure and function. A possible mechanism of the favourable effect of Triton WR-1339 is discussed.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning; Cell Nucleolus; Cell Nucleus; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chronic Disease; Liver; Lysosomes; Male; Polyethylene Glycols; Rats; Ribonucleases; Sulfobromophthalein

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Child; Chronic Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Leukocytes; Rheumatic Diseases; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Tonsillitis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Chronic Disease; Gastritis; Humans; Middle Aged

Under study was the effect of hyperbaric oxygenation in 46 patients on the course of bile tract diseases, complicated with hepatic insufficiency. Hyperbaric oxygenation was found to render a positive effect on the course of hepatic insufficiency.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Cholecystitis; Cholestasis; Chronic Disease; Electron Transport Complex IV; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Liver; Male; Middle Aged; Oxygen Consumption; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Activity of acid phosphotase in the urethra discharge in patients with various forms of gonorrhea (acute, torpid, and chronic) was studied with the use of electron-microscopy and biochemical methods. A positive reaction of nuclei of the epithelial cells to acid phosphotase in lysosomes and perichromatin granules was demonstrated. In polymorphononuclear leucocytes the positive reaction to acid phosphotase could be also sometimes observed in granules of the cytoplasm. The electronograms presented testify to heterogeneity and high activity of acid phosphotase in lysosomes. Neither electron-microscopy nor biochemical methods could help reveal any differences in the activity of acid phosphotase in various forms of gonorrhea.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Cell Nucleus; Chronic Disease; Cytoplasmic Granules; Epithelium; Gonorrhea; Granulocytes; Humans; Lysosomes; Male; Urethra

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; Lymphocytosis; Male

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Chronic Disease; Disease Models, Animal; Erysipelothrix Infections; Joints; Rats; Synovial Membrane

Skin and oral lesions of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus from 6 patients have been investigated histologically and histochemically. Intra-individual comparisons between skin and oral lesions and intrasection comparisons between clinically affected and unaffected regions were performed. Enzyme histochemical recordings consisted of oxido-reductase and hydrolase activities. A high degree of correlation was noted in the intra-individual comparisons. The intrasection comparisons provided information concerning metabolic dynamics of the disease. The data obtained support the view that serious vascular changes are involved in the development of the changes in the overlying epithelium. The enzyme histochemical results agreed generally with histological data and proved to be a valuable diagnostic aid.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Basement Membrane; Cell Movement; Chronic Disease; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hydro-Lyases; Keratosis; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid; Lymphocytes; Mouth Mucosa; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Oxidoreductases; Skin

The synovial sheath obtained in synovectomy in 35 patients with rheumatic- and rheumatic-visceral forms of rheumatoid arthritis was studied histochemically and immunomorphologically. At early stages of exacerbation of the pathological process in the synovial tissue there were revealed predominantly catabolic processes: an increased permeability of vessels; mucoid oedema; fibrinoid changes in the subintimal layer. Further development of the disease was characterized by predominance of anabolic processes with proliferation of synoviocytes, subintimal histiocytes, productive vasculites, massive lymphoid-plasmocytic infiltration, diffuse, or in the form of lymphoid follicles. Using the immunofluorescent technique the authors revealed luminescence of the rheumatoid factor and gamma=globulin in plasmatic cells, extracellularly, and more rarely in macrophages. Pronounced immunological changes in the synovial sheath in the active course of rheumatoid arthritis were accompanied by a high level of metabolic processes and an intensive phagocytic reaction in synoviocytes and subintimal histiocytes. In observations with a low activity of rheumatoid arthritis the synovial tissue was characterized by low levels of enzymes of oxidative metabolism and hydrolysis, emptying of the capillary bed, processes of sclerosis, hyalinosis, amyloidosis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenofibroma; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Capillary Permeability; Chronic Disease; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; gamma-Globulins; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; Glycosaminoglycans; Histocytochemistry; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Middle Aged; Plasma Cells; Radiography; Rheumatoid Factor; Synovial Membrane; Synovitis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bronchiectasis; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; gamma-Globulins; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glycosaminoglycans; Histiocytes; Humans; Lung; Lung Abscess; Macrophages; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Plasma Cells; Pneumonia; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Thick mucosa removed from the promontory in cases with chronic otitis media showed prominent PAS-positive glands and epithelial secretory cells. Alcian blue positivity was less pronounced, contrary to the mucosa from glue ears. Enzyme activity in the epithelium and propria was comparable to that in glue ears, with some increase in alkaline phosphatase and some decrease in proprial lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase activity. Removal of thick, permanently altered mucoas is recommended even in the absence of squamous epithelium. Steps should be taken to allow regrowth of thin, normal middle ear epithelium on the promontory.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alcian Blue; Alkaline Phosphatase; Chronic Disease; Ear, Middle; Esterases; Hematoxylin; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Malate Dehydrogenase; Mucous Membrane; Nucleotidases; Otitis Media; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Bronchitis; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Humans; Leukocytes; Pneumonia; Recurrence

Preliminary administration of triton WR 1339 produced a favourable effect on the course of chronic toxic hepatitis. This was expressed in a reduction of necrotic zones, a delay in development of connective tissue and in improvement of the functional capacity of the liver. Lysosomes of the liver of animals subjected to the action of CCl-4 under conditions of preliminary administration of a detergent were more stable to the injurious actions in vitro.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chronic Disease; Kupffer Cells; Liver; Lysosomes; Male; Necrosis; Polyethylene Glycols; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Child; Chronic Disease; Citric Acid Cycle; Female; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; Hepatitis; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Lymphocytes; Male; Prednisolone

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Age Factors; Alkaline Phosphatase; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hypertrophy; Palate; Palatine Tonsil; Pharynx; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Tonsillitis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Humans; Neutrophils; Occupational Diseases; Pneumoconiosis

A study was made of permeability of the lysosome membranes and subcellular distribution of acid hydrolases in chronic hepatitis caused by CCl4 inhalation and during the restoration of the liver after injury. No normalization of the indices under study occurred during the period of up to 14 days after the last CCl4 inhalation: changes in the stability of the lysosome membran persisted and redistribution of acid hydrolases was noted. This redistribution was associated with both the processes of injury and restoration of the liver.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning; Cell Membrane; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chronic Disease; Environmental Exposure; Liver; Liver Regeneration; Lysosomes; Male; Proteins; Rats; Ribonucleases; Subcellular Fractions; Time Factors

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Adult; Allergens; Asthma; Bacteria; Chronic Disease; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Leukocytes; Middle Aged; Remission, Spontaneous; Skin Tests

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Alkaline Phosphatase; Biopsy; Chronic Disease; Colectomy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase; Drug Therapy, Combination; Galactosidases; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glucosidases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Jejunum; Prednisone; Succinates; Sulfasalazine

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Asthma; Bronchiectasis; Bronchitis; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Cystic Fibrosis; Glucuronidase; Glycosaminoglycans; Hexosaminidases; Humans; Macrophages

Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Chronic Disease; Female; Histocytochemistry; Ischemia; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Mitochondria, Muscle; Muscle Denervation; Muscles; Muscular Dystrophies; Myofibrils; Necrosis; Phosphorylases; Rats; Regeneration; RNA; Time Factors

Topics: Acantholysis; Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Antilymphocyte Serum; Biopsy; Blood Cell Count; Chlorine; Chronic Disease; Complement System Proteins; Dogs; Female; Gingiva; Gingivitis; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Immune Sera; Immunity, Cellular; Immunosuppression Therapy; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Nitrobenzenes; Rabbits; Skin; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Cathepsins; Chronic Disease; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; Glucuronidase; Glycolysis; Humans; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leg; Malate Dehydrogenase; Muscles; Phosphofructokinase-1; Pyruvate Kinase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cholecalciferol; Cholinesterases; Chronic Disease; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Hypercalcemia; Male; Rats; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Chronic Disease; Creatine Kinase; Female; Glycogen; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Inclusion Bodies; Lipid Metabolism; Lipoproteins; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Muscles; Muscular Diseases; Myofibrils; NAD; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Animals; Chronic Disease; Crystallization; Dogs; Glucuronidase; Gout; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Knee Joint; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukocyte Count; Microscopy, Electron; Muramidase; Phagocytosis; Pressure; Synovial Fluid; Synovial Membrane; Synovitis; Time Factors; Uric Acid

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Atrophy; Biopsy; Chronic Disease; Gastric Acidity Determination; Gastric Mucosa; Gastritis; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acetates; Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Aminosalicylic Acids; Cell Differentiation; Chlorine; Chronic Disease; Cytodiagnosis; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Methods; Naphthols

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Chronic Disease; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hyperplasia; Laryngeal Diseases; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Laryngoscopy; Leukoplakia; Papilloma; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Precancerous Conditions

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Chronic Disease; Dogs; Female; Glucuronidase; Hexosaminidases; Histocytochemistry; Kidney Tubules; Lysosomes; Male; Nephritis, Interstitial

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aorta; Arteriosclerosis; Blood Vessels; Child; Chronic Disease; Coronary Disease; Coronary Vessels; Esterases; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Lipase; Lipid Metabolism; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Middle Aged; Pneumonia; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Chronic Disease; Disease Models, Animal; Kidney Glomerulus; Kidney Medulla; Kidney Tubules; Male; Pyelonephritis; Rabbits

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Alkaline Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Chronic Disease; Electrophoresis; Hot Temperature; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Mediastinal Neoplasms; Mediastinum; Sarcoidosis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adult; Aged; Alcoholism; Alkaline Phosphatase; Biopsy; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cholestasis; Chronic Disease; Enzymes; Fatty Liver; Female; Hepatitis A; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Diseases; Male; Middle Aged

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Arteriosclerosis; Chronic Disease; Female; Glaucoma; Glycosaminoglycans; Humans; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Middle Aged

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Biopsy; Catechol Oxidase; Chronic Disease; Depression, Chemical; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Electron Transport Complex IV; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lichen Planus; Melanocytes; NAD; Necrosis; Oxygen Consumption; Skin; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Chronic Disease; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Male

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Alkaline Phosphatase; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Leukocytes; Pneumonia; Sepsis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Biopsy; Blood Cell Count; Blood Coagulation Tests; Blood Protein Electrophoresis; Blood Sedimentation; Bone Marrow Cells; Chronic Disease; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Diagnosis, Differential; Gaucher Disease; Haptoglobins; Hemoglobinometry; Humans; Male; Osmotic Fragility; Splenomegaly; Thrombocytopenia

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Age Factors; Autopsy; Brain Chemistry; Chronic Disease; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Fatty Acids; Gaucher Disease; Glomerulonephritis; Hepatomegaly; Histocompatibility; Humans; Hypertension, Renal; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kyphosis; Liver; Male; Muscular Atrophy; Nephrectomy; Pneumonia; Radionuclide Imaging; Sphingolipids; Spleen; Transplantation, Homologous

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Chronic Disease; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Esterases; Hepatitis A; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Infectious Mononucleosis; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphatic Diseases; Lymphatic System; Lymphocytes; Methods; Monocytes; Naphthols; Peroxidases; Reticulocytes; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adolescent; Adult; Biopsy; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Creatine Kinase; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; Humans

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenal Glands; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Cholesterol; Chronic Disease; Histocytochemistry; Microscopy, Polarization; Pituitary Gland; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Rabbits; Sodium Chloride; Swine

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Biliary Tract Diseases; Cholecystectomy; Cholelithiasis; Chronic Disease; Colitis, Ulcerative; Diabetes Mellitus; Duodenum; Gastrectomy; Gastritis; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestine, Small; Jejunum; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aluminum Hydroxide; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Cats; Cerebral Cortex; Chronic Disease; Histocytochemistry; Ouabain; Oxygen Consumption; Potassium; Seizures; Sodium

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Balneology; Bulgaria; Chronic Disease; Health Resorts; Humans; Kidney Calculi; Pyelonephritis; Urologic Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Amino Acids; Animals; Arthritis; Aspirin; Chronic Disease; Disease Models, Animal; Freund's Adjuvant; Glucuronidase; Liver; Lysosomes; Male; Membranes; Phenylbutazone; Rats

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Cell Membrane Permeability; Chronic Disease; Juxtaglomerular Apparatus; Kidney; Kidney Tubules; Rabbits; Renin; Sodium Chloride; Swine

Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Brain; Chronic Disease; Insecticides; Kidney; Liver; Male; Muscles; Phosphoric Acids; Poisoning; Rats

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Alkaline Phosphatase; Alpha-Globulins; Animals; Beta-Globulins; Calcium; Chlorides; Chronic Disease; Exudates and Transudates; gamma-Globulins; Inflammation; Mucoproteins; Phospholipids; Phosphorus; Potassium; Rabbits; Serum Albumin; Serum Globulins; Sodium

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Esterases; Fatty Liver; Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; Hepatitis; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hypertension, Portal; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Diseases; Malate Dehydrogenase; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Cholesteatoma; Chronic Disease; Ear Diseases; Ear Neoplasms; Ear, Middle; Epithelium; Esterases; Humans; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Nucleotidases; Oxidoreductases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Biopsy; Chloramphenicol; Chronic Disease; Depression, Chemical; Gastric Mucosa; Gastritis; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Stimulation, Chemical; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Chronic Disease; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Spectrophotometry; Vibration

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Capillaries; Chronic Disease; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Esterases; Female; Gingiva; Gingivitis; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Male; Oral Manifestations

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Blood Proteins; Chronic Disease; Depression, Chemical; Diet Therapy; Female; Hepatitis; Hepatolenticular Degeneration; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Iron; Lipase; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Function Tests; Male; Penicillamine; Potassium; Pyridoxine; Radionuclide Imaging; Stimulation, Chemical; Sulfides; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenoids; Adolescent; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; Infant; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Methods; Neck; Organ Size; Palatine Tonsil; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Prostate; Tonsillitis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Blood Bactericidal Activity; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Electrophoresis; Foot; Granuloma; Hand; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infections; Leukocytes; Lung; Lymph Nodes; Lymphadenitis; Macrophages; Male; Muramidase; Oxygen Consumption; Pedigree; Phagocytosis; Radiography; Serratia marcescens; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Tetrazolium Salts

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Chronic Disease; Colitis; Female; Humans; Liver; Male; Mineral Waters; Prothrombin Time; Therapeutic Irrigation

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Aminocaproates; Animals; Arthritis; Cartilage, Articular; Chronic Disease; Glucuronidase; Hot Temperature; Hydrolases; Hypertrophy; Inflammation; Injections, Intra-Articular; Leukocytes; Lysosomes; Peptide Hydrolases; Rabbits; Skin; Synovial Membrane

Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Animals; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Chronic Disease; Desoxycorticosterone; Ganglia, Autonomic; Histocytochemistry; Hypertension; Hypertension, Renal; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Monoamine Oxidase; Neck; Neurons; Organ Size; Rats; Renal Artery

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Adolescent; Child; Chronic Disease; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lymphocytes; Male; Oxidoreductases; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Tonsillitis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Age Factors; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Chronic Disease; Cysts; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Epithelium; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Lymphocytes; NAD; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Thymus Gland

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Chronic Disease; Coronary Disease; Electron Transport Complex IV; Esterases; Heart Neoplasms; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lipase; Methods; Middle Aged; Myocardium; NAD; NADP; Peritonitis; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Uremia

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase; Chronic Disease; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Malate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Chronic Disease; Histocytochemistry; Lead Poisoning; Nerve Degeneration; Peripheral Nerves; Rats

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Autolysis; Chronic Disease; Female; Ganglia, Autonomic; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neck; Synapses; Uremia

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Glucuronidase; Humans; Male; Meningitis; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Age Factors; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Avitaminosis; Bone Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Chronic Disease; Diabetes Mellitus; Esophageal Neoplasms; Estrus; Female; Hematologic Diseases; Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Infections; Leukemia; Leukocytes; Liver Diseases; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Myocardial Infarction; Neutrophils; Pregnancy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiation Injuries; Stress, Physiological

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Animals; Calcitonin; Chronic Disease; Esterases; Female; Histocytochemistry; Hypercalcemia; Hypocalcemia; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Rats; Staining and Labeling; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Biological Transport; Chronic Disease; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase; Electron Transport Complex IV; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; Glycogen; Hepatitis; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Malate Dehydrogenase; Methods; Protein Biosynthesis; RNA; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Chronic Disease; Estrus; Female; Hemosiderosis; Histocytochemistry; Kidney; Kidney Tubules; Microscopy, Electron; Pregnancy; Rats; Starvation

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Anabolic Agents; Chronic Disease; Electrophoresis; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Function Tests; Methenolone; Sulfobromophthalein; Transaminases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Biliary Tract; Child; Chronic Disease; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Duodenum; Endopeptidases; Enteropeptidase; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Liver Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Body Fluids; Chronic Disease; Disease; Humans; Male; Peptide Hydrolases; Prostate; Prostatic Diseases; Prostatitis