acid-phosphatase and Choriocarcinoma

Tumor marker for tumors in urology has been widely used to testicular and prostatic tumors. A part of testicular tumor produces alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and HCG, thus these markers can not be used for early detection of disease. However, they are very useful in typing testicular tumor, and in monitoring a course of disease which produces them. beta-HCG seems to be more specific than HCG. In case of prostatic cancer, prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) assayed immunochemically is sensitive and specific marker. Prostate antigen seems to be another excellent marker for this tumor, and this is well correlated with PAP. In reactivated case, tissue polypeptide antigen was elevated, suggesting use of this marker.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; alpha-Fetoproteins; Antigens, Neoplasm; Choriocarcinoma; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Dysgerminoma; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Middle Aged; Peptides; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Teratoma; Testicular Neoplasms; Tissue Polypeptide Antigen

Histochemical investigation of Al-p, HSAP, Ac-p, and LDH was performed with tissues of normal chorionic villi, H. mole, invasive mole, and choriocarcinoma with the following conclusions: 1. In the normal villous tissues, Al-p, HSAP, and Ac-p are localized in syncytiotrophoblast, the former two in the rim of the cell, and the latter inside the cytoplasm. LDH displayed higher activity in cytotrophoblast than syncytiotrophoblast, especially in the former of cell column of initial chorionic villi. 2. In H. mole, Al-p, HSAP, and Ac-p are localized in syncytiotrophoblast of cystic epithelium, and in this layer and transitional cells of the chrioblastic part, the former two are localized in the rim of the cell, the latter within the cytoplasm. LDH is localized in cytotrophoblast and the transitional cell of the cystic epithelium and the chorioblastosis. 3. Localization and activities of Al-p, HSAP, Ac-p, and LDH in invasive mole are closely similar to those in H. mole. 4. Localization and activities of Al-p, HSAP, and Ac-p in choriocarcinoma presented various aspects, but more frequently they are localized in syncytiotrophoblasts in the periphery of focus and also partly in cytotrophoblasts and transitional cells. Also localization and activity of LDH showed diversity. However, the activity is stronger in cytotrophoblast. 5. From those findings, choriocarcinoma is hardly comparable with H. mole or invasive mole from an enzymohistochemical viewpoint and is assumed to have specific enzymic deviation invisible in the others and therefore to possess particular characteristics different from those of any other villous tissues.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Choriocarcinoma; Chorion; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hydatidiform Mole; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Pregnancy; Uterine Neoplasms

During the past 30 years, the rapidly developing and changing concepts and technology of the discipline of immunobiology have been applied to studies in oncology. After the definitive demonstration of so-called tumor-specific transplantation antigens in chemically and virally induced tumors in syngeneic rodent and murine species, numerous efforts were then directed toward the demonstration of comparable materials in human tumors. After a number of false starts in an overzealous search for a marker that would serve as a panacea for human cancer diagnosis, more rational approaches have been taken to the problem and valuable information from the points of view of both the cell biologist and clinical oncologist has been forthcoming. The present paper presents an overview of human tumor antigens as biological markers of tumor growth. Reference is made to the fact that normally occurring biological materials of known function that are qualitatively and/or quantitatively altered during the process of malignant transformation may be most useful in the diagnosis and management of the cancer patient. The role of the presently available radioimmunoassays for carcinoembryonic antigen in clinical medicine is outlined.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Antigens, Neoplasm; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Choriocarcinoma; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Galactosyltransferases; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; Isoenzymes; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Male; Neoplasms; Nucleotidyltransferases; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radioimmunoassay

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Choriocarcinoma; Duodenal Neoplasms; Esophageal Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Pregnancy; Stomach Neoplasms; Tongue Neoplasms