acid-phosphatase and Chondrosarcoma

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn (SS) on the protection of chondral defect and inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. To examine these effects, we measured the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) levels in SW1353 chondrosarcoma cells and performed tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining in bone marrow macrophage (BMM)-derived osteoclasts. To investigate the anti-osteoarthritis (OA) effects, we assessed TNF-α-induced MMP-1, -3, -9 and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP) expression levels in SW1353 cells. We observed that SS extract significantly inhibited MMP and TIMP expression in SW1353 cells. Also, SS extract inhibited the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation. These results suggest that SS extract may have a potential in the treatment of bone loss and chondral defect by suppressing osteoclast differentiation and decreasing the expression of OA factors. Therefore, clarification of the mechanism of the action of SS extract and its active components is needed.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Chondrogenesis; Chondrosarcoma; Depression, Chemical; Fabaceae; Isoenzymes; Macrophages; Male; Matrix Metalloproteinases; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Osteoarthritis; Osteoclasts; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Roots; RANK Ligand; Stimulation, Chemical; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Spectrometry has been employed to assess the levels of collagenase, catepsin D, trypsin-like proteinases and their inhibitors as well as bone acid and alkaline phosphatase both in the center and along the periphery of giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) and chondrosarcoma. The levels of collagenase, trypsin-like proteinases and their inhibitors in the center of chondrosarcoma were much higher while those of alkaline phosphatase--lower than along tumor periphery. The catepsin D and acid phosphatase concentrations of the center and periphery of chondrosarcoma were similar. It was suggested that an extremely low concentration of trypsin-like inhibitors may contribute to degradation of the matrix in tissues adjacent to chondrosarcoma and, consequently, to tumor invasion development.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Cathepsin D; Chondrosarcoma; Collagenases; Femoral Neoplasms; Femur; Giant Cell Tumor of Bone; Humans; Ilium; Statistics, Nonparametric; Tibia; Trypsin; Trypsin Inhibitors

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bone Neoplasms; Child; Chondroma; Chondrosarcoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Fibrosarcoma; Giant Cell Tumors; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Lymphoma; Male; Middle Aged; Osteosarcoma

A total of 19 cases with bone tumors, including six osteosarcomas. three giant cell tumors of bone, one malignant fibrous histiocytoma, four nonossifying fibromas, four chondromas and one chondrosarcoma, were examined as to enzyme histochemistry; the enzymes consisted of alkaline phosphatase (ALPase), acid phosphatase (ACPase), nonspecific esterase (NSE), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), 5'-nucleotidase (5'-Nucl) and beta-glucuronidase (beta-Gl). Osteosarcoma was strongly positive for ALPase followed by 5'-Nucl. Giant cell tumor, malignant fibrous histiocytoma and nonossifying fibroma showed enzyme histochemistry similar to each other: multinucleated giant cells and round cells in these tumors were strongly positive for ACPase, NSE, ATPase and 5'-Nucl simulating osteoclasts and histiocytes, whereas spindle cells were positive for ATPase and 5'-Nucl in their cytoplasm and weakly positive for ACPase. Chondroma and chondrosarcoma were focally positive for ACPase and NSE; the ACPase was sensitive to tartaric acid treatment. These observations showed that ALPase activity is very characteristic to osteosarcoma, and is useful for its diagnosis. From enzyme histochemistry, giant cell tumor, malignant fibrous histiocytoma and nonossifying fibroma can be regarded as a histiocyte-derived tumor of bone in contrast to osteosarcoma and cartilaginous tumors.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Bone Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Chondroma; Chondrosarcoma; Female; Fractures, Bone; Giant Cell Tumors; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Male; Metatarsus; Middle Aged; Osteosarcoma; Rabbits; Wound Healing

The results of a study of the ultrastructural and enzymatic features of extracellular matrix vesicles in human osteogenic neoplasms are reported. Specimens from three osteosarcomas, a chondrosarcoma, and an osteoblastoma were processed for electron microscopic study and for preparation of vesicular, membrane, and cellular fractions. Electron micrographs of each lesion showed primary mineralization comprised of matrix vesicles and calcifying nodules. There was a distinct pattern of distribution of enzymatic activity among fractions from the osteosarcomas; namely that the highest values for specific activity of alkaline and pyrosphosphatases and adenosine triphosphases (ATPases) in the vesicle fractions and lowest in the cell fractions. This pattern was not consistent in fractions from the other neoplasms. The aforementioned enzymes are considered essential for the onset of mineralization. The data presented establish the role of matrix vesicles in neoplastic calcification and suggest the need for further studies into the diagnostic value of the vesicles.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adolescent; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Chondrosarcoma; Extracellular Space; Humans; Middle Aged; Neoplasms, Connective Tissue; Osteoma, Osteoid; Osteosarcoma; Pyrophosphatases

Tissues from sixty-nine cartilage tumors in sixty-six individuals were obtained at the time of operation and each lesion was graded as benign (seventeen) or as a low-grade (thirty-three) or high-grade (nineteen) chondrosarcoma according to histological and roentgenographic criteria. The material obtained was analyzed by biochemical techniques for its content of water, ash, DNA, total protein (composed of collagen and so-called excess protein), and carbohydrate. In addition, proteoglycan subunit was isolated and the chain lengths of chrondroitin sulphate and keratan sulphate were determined. Analysis of the data showed that for the most part the tumors differed only quantitatively from articular cartilage controls, with the principal variations noted in water, ash, protein, and collagen content. Sugar concentrations were highly variable, but analysis of the proteoglycan subunit showed a distribution of glycosaminoglycans characteristic of immature articular cartilage. Marked shortening of the keratan sulphate chains was noted without significant alteration in the chain lengths of chondroitin sulphate, The wide variations in pattern suggest that the cartilage tumors are not biochemically homogeneous and therefore probably do not represent a single group of genetic errors.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Body Water; Bone Neoplasms; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Cartilage, Articular; Child; Chondrosarcoma; Collagen; Female; Glycosaminoglycans; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Proteins; RNA

In recent years, histochemistry and electron microscopy have been applied more and more to the investigation of bone tumors. The contributions and limitations of these methods in differential diagnosis are discussed. The levels of glycosaminoglycans in cartilaginous tumors display distinct differences between slow- and fast-growing types. All cartilaginous tumors are poor in phosphatase activity. Demonstration of these enzymes at acid and alkaline pH in bone-forming conditions reveals differences between benign and malignant tumors. Osteosarcomas display a rich activity of both phosphatases in bone-forming and in bone-free regions. Acid phosphatase may play a rôle in the breakdown of the host tissue infiltrated by the tumor. Electron microscopy of bone tumors has brought out some interesting findings. In fibrous dysplasia a particular kind of very fine fibrillar structures was observed besides the regular collagen fibrils. This may indicate retardation of collagen maturation. Cell organelles in benign and malignant bone tumors usually differ quantitatively. They resemble active fibroblasts. In bone- and in cartilage-forming tumors we observed large quantities of microfilaments in the cytoplasm. Nuclear indentations and invaginations probably indicate increased nuclear activity. The intense acid phosphatase activity demonstrated histochemically seems inconsistent with the low number of lysosomes in the cytoplasm of osteosarcoma cells, but other organelles (Golgi apparatus and vesicles) may also contain the enzyme. Virus-like particles have not been observed in human osteosarcomas up to now. Other authors have observed a correlation between the number of cell organelles and the grade of differentiation, but this was not detected in our sample of benign and malignant cartilaginous tumors. Histochemistry and electron microscopy of bone tumors are still in the early stage of material gathering. Some histochemical findings, however, can already be used as diagnostic tools.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Cartilage Diseases; Cell Nucleus; Chondrosarcoma; Collagen; Cytoplasm; Cytoskeleton; Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone; Humans; Osteosarcoma

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Chondroma; Chondrosarcoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Giant Cell Tumors; Hemangiosarcoma; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Methods; Osteoma, Osteoid; Osteosarcoma; Sarcoma, Ewing; Sarcoma, Synovial

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Chondrosarcoma; Giant Cell Tumors; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; Jaw Neoplasms; Male; NADP; Osteosarcoma; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Carboxylesterase; Child; Chondroblastoma; Chondroma; Chondrosarcoma; Coloring Agents; Esterases; Fibroma; Fibrosarcoma; Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone; Geriatrics; Giant Cell Tumors; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Histological Techniques; Humans; Osteosarcoma; Pathology; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Sarcoma, Synovial; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenoma; Alkaline Phosphatase; Ameloblastoma; Arthritis; Bone Cysts; Bone Neoplasms; Chondrosarcoma; Fibroma; Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone; Geriatrics; Giant Cell Tumors; Humans; Neoplasm Metastasis; Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica; Osteoma; Osteosarcoma; Prognosis; Radiography; Sarcoma, Ewing; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular