acid-phosphatase and Carcinoma

In this presentation the authors review the pathology of prostatic carcinoma (PCa), and discuss criteria for pathologic diagnosis, premalignant lesions, lesions that simulate PCa, immunopathology, special types of PCa, effects of therapy on the prostate, and recent efforts to improve diagnostic and prognostic capabilities. The possible role of study of nucleolar organizing regions is reported. A new method for demonstration of chromosome in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue is presented. The need for research in all aspects of pathology is emphasized.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antigens, Neoplasm; Carcinoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Nucleolus Organizer Region; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms

We report two transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder containing numerous osteoclast-type giant cells that stained for vimentin and acid phosphatase (with and without tartrate) and were negative for cytokeratin and lysozyme. One tumour, in a 65-year-old man, was composed of papillary transitional cell carcinoma, invasive poorly differentiated carcinoma with a prominent spindle cell component and numerous osteoclast-type giant cells; repeat curettage 2 months later showed no residual tumour. The second tumour occurred in a 75-year-old woman who underwent a radical cystectomy for a deeply invasive transitional cell carcinoma with a spindle and anaplastic giant cell component and areas containing numerous osteoclast-type giant cells. Osteoclast-type giant cells, which appear to be reactive, should be distinguished from the neoplastic giant cells of giant cell carcinoma.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Osteoclasts; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Vimentin

The status of the biochemical markers explored for use in patients with carcinoma of the prostate is reviewed. No unique marker has been identified. However, a variety of substances, primarily enzymes and specific proteins, found in the serum, urine, and prostatic fluid, have been evaluated. Their main value remains in the staging of disease and the monitoring of response to therapy.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; alpha-Fetoproteins; Amino Acids; Antigens, Neoplasm; Body Fluids; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Carcinoma; Cholesterol; Creatine Kinase; Fibronectins; Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase; Humans; Hydroxyproline; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Orosomucoid; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Ribonucleases; Spermidine

Metastatic prostatic cancer can be present in a variety of different ways. The authors describe the differences among stages D-0, D-1, and D-2 disease and present the treatment options for each of the substages. They summarize and integrate the clinical evidence that bears on the potential efficacy of each treatment.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Brachytherapy; Carcinoma; Castration; Clinical Trials as Topic; Combined Modality Therapy; Diethylstilbestrol; Estrogens; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Hormones; Humans; Leuprolide; Lymph Node Excision; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Neoplasm Staging; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radioisotope Teletherapy

This paper reports a case of carcinoma of the prostate in an 11-year-old boy. The clinical findings were characterized by a mass in the prostatic region, extensive osteoblastic bone metastasis, and normal serum acid phosphatase. Autopsy demonstrated an undifferentiated tumor, which probably originated from the outer gland of the prostate. Metastases to the bones, liver, lungs, and the lymph nodes were present. Light and electron microscopic studies revealed undifferentiated neoplastic cell, which is in contrast to the usual adenocarcinoma in older individuals. Histochemical examination failed to demonstrate acid phosphatase activity within the tumor cells. The authors considered that this tumor probably originated from immature basal cells of the prostatic gland. Review of the literature disclosed 15 cases of carcinoma of the prostate in individuals under 21 years of age. These cases were also characterized by an undifferentiated appearance of tumor cells and normal serum acid phosphatase level.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Bone Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Aprotinin; Basement Membrane; Carcinoma; Cell Division; Chondroitin; Culture Techniques; Esterases; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Isoenzymes; Lysosomes; Microscopy, Electron; Neoplasms; Oncogenic Viruses; Papilloma; Pinocytosis; Sulfatases; Vitamin A

Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy is a promising approach to augment tumor antigen-specific T cell responses in cancer patients. However, tumor escape with down-regulation or complete loss of target antigens may limit the susceptibility of tumor cells to the immune attack. Concomitant generation of T cell responses against several immunodominant antigens may circumvent this potential drawback. In this trial, we determined the immunostimulatory capacity of autologous DC pulsed with multiple T cell epitopes derived from four different prostate-specific antigens in patients with advanced hormone-refractory prostate cancer.. Autologous DC of HLA-A*0201(+) patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer were loaded with antigenic peptides derived from prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA(14-22)), prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP(299-307)), prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA(4-12)), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA(154-163)). DC were intradermally applied six times at biweekly intervals followed-in the case of an enhanced immune response-by monthly booster injections. Immune monitoring during the time of ongoing vaccinations (12-59 weeks) included ex vivo ELISPOT measurements, MHC tetramer analysis and in vitro cytotoxicity assays.. Of the initial six patients, three qualified for long-term multi-epitope DC vaccination. This regime was tolerated well by all three patients. The vaccination elicited significant cytotoxic T cell responses against all prostate-specific antigens tested. In addition, memory T cell responses against the control peptides derived from influenza matrix protein and tetanus toxoid were efficiently boosted. Clinically, the long-term DC vaccination was associated with an increase in PSA doubling time.. DC-based multi-epitope immunotherapy with repeated boosting in men with hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma is feasible and generates efficient cellular antitumor responses.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Antigens, Neoplasm; Antigens, Surface; Cancer Vaccines; Carcinoma; Dendritic Cells; Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II; GPI-Linked Proteins; HLA-A Antigens; HLA-A2 Antigen; Humans; Immunodominant Epitopes; Immunotherapy, Adoptive; Male; Membrane Glycoproteins; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Proteins; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in American men, yet treatment of its metastatic androgen-independent form remains inadequate. This mandates development of new therapies such as immunotherapy. In this Phase 2 trial, we determined the efficacy of antigen presenting cells (APCs) loaded with PA2024, a recombinant fusion protein containing prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and GM-CSF.. We enrolled 21 patients with histologically documented androgen-independent prostate carcinoma that could be evaluated by radionuclide bone scan or computed tomography scan. APC8015 was prepared from a leukapheresis product; it contained autologous CD54-positive PA2024-loaded APCs with admixtures of monocytes, macrophages, B and T cells. APC8015 was infused intravenously twice, 2 weeks apart. Two weeks after the second infusion, patients received three subcutaneous injections of 1.0 mg of PA2024 1 month apart. We monitored patients' physical condition, immune response, and laboratory parameters.. Nineteen patients could be evaluated for response to treatment. The median time to progression was 118 days. Treatment was tolerated reasonably well; most adverse effects were secondary to APC8015 and were NCI Common Toxicity Criteria Grade 1-2. Four of the 21 patients reported Grade 3-4 adverse events. Two patients exhibited a transient 25-50% decrease in prostate-specific antigen (PSA). For a third patient, PSA dropped from 221 ng/ml at baseline to undetectable levels by week 24 and has remained so for more than 4 years. In addition, this patient's metastatic retroperitoneal and pelvic adenopathy has resolved. PBMC collected from patients for at least 16 weeks proliferated upon in vitro stimulation by PA2024. For the patient with responsive disease, PBMC could be stimulated for 96 weeks.. This study demonstrates a definite clinical response of androgen-independent prostate cancer to APC immunotherapy. Currently we are studying this mode of therapy in Phase 3 trials.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antigen-Presenting Cells; Carcinoma; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; Humans; Immunotherapy; Infusions, Intravenous; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Treatment Outcome

This is the final analysis of EORTC GU Group Trial 30843 in which the treatment of advanced, metastatic prostate cancer with a combination of the LHRH agonist buserelin (nasal spray) and cyproterone acetate (Androcur), either continuously of only during the first 2 weeks, was compared with orchidectomy. There was no significant difference between the three arms as far as response rate, time to progression (subjective and objective) and duration of survival are concerned. Retrospective stratification according to the most important prognostic factors did not change the conclusions. Possible reasons for the difference with trial 30853, which used the same entry criteria but compared goserelin and flutamide with orchidectomy, are discussed. Reasons for using cyproterone acetate in combination treatment are the prevention of flare of the disease after LHRH agonists only and the prevention/reduction of toxicity in the form of hot flushes.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Administration, Intranasal; Aged; Androgen Antagonists; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Buserelin; Carcinoma; Cause of Death; Cyproterone Acetate; Disease Progression; Disease-Free Survival; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Humans; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Middle Aged; Orchiectomy; Pain Measurement; Proportional Hazards Models; Prospective Studies; Prostatic Neoplasms; Survival Rate; Treatment Outcome

Somatostatin analogues (SMS-A) have been found to inhibit the growth of experimental tumors, as of prostate cancer, via several mechanisms as antihormonal and direct antimitogenic actions. It was demonstrated also that several SMS-A induce greater prostatic tumor regression with more pronounced histological changes if combined with LHRH analogues or in association with complete androgen blockade (CAB). In a phase II clinical trial we administered, in addition to CAB, SMS-A octreotide in 14 patients with stage D2 (group B) prostate cancer-8 previously hormonally treated (PHT) and 6 without any previous hormone treatment (NPHT); 4 other patients, 3 NPHT and one PHT, were treated with CAB only (group A). Antiandrogen and antitumoral activity followed assaying a) plasma testosterone b) prostatic specific antigen (PSA) c) prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) levels and d) objective (o) and subjective (s) clinical improvement according to WHO criteria. Somatostatin activity was evaluated assaying Insulin like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) and Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF). In group B we observed 3 responses, with the best quality of response (oPR/sCR) among the 6 NPHT-patients (50%) and 3 responses among the PHT-patients (37,5%), two of them with an incomplete PHT. In group A, 2 out of 3 NPHT-patients had a response (oPR/sPR). Among group B patients we observed long symptom-free survival, when they responded (17 months), in comparison to group A patients (12 months), but almost the same total duration of survival in the two groups, 18.5 and 18 months, respectively. EGF and IGF-1 serum levels showed a distinct drop parallel to the decrease of PSA serum levels, among the patients with response vs. nonrespondent patients of group B during the treatment. Although our results showed that octreotide in small doses, in addition to CAB, having mild toxicity, enhance number, quality and perhaps the duration of symptom-free responses in patients with stage 2 prostate cancer, the therapeutic efficacy of this combined treatment remains to be ascertained in wider and better randomized clinical trials.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Androgen Antagonists; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Carcinoma; Epidermal Growth Factor; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Male; Middle Aged; Octreotide; Prospective Studies; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Somatostatin; Survival Analysis

One hundred forty-two patients with progressive, hormonally refractory advanced prostate carcinoma who had not received prior chemotherapy were randomized to receive either combination chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), doxorubicin, and mitomycin C (FAM) or sequential chemotherapy with the same agents, i.e., mitomycin C, followed by doxorubicin on disease progression, followed by 5-FU. Objective tumor regressions were observed in 10 of 70 (14%) patients receiving the FAM treatment arm and 10 of 72 (14%) patients initially receiving mitomycin C. Of the 24 patients who received secondary therapy with doxorubicin alone, 3 (12.5%) achieved objective tumor regression. There were no responses among five patients who received tertiary therapy with 5-FU alone. The median survival time for all patients treated with the combination arm was 8.7 months, compared with 7.1 months for patients who received the FAM arm (P = 0.025). However, this modest survival advantage in favor of the FAM treatment arm must be weighed against significantly more myelosuppression experienced by these patients. The chemotherapeutic regimens used in this study have only minor clinical value in the treatment of hormonally refractory advanced prostate cancer.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Carcinoma; Doxorubicin; Fluorouracil; Humans; Leukopenia; Male; Mitomycin; Prostatic Neoplasms; Remission Induction; Survival Rate; Thrombocytopenia

Ninety-five patients with stage C (C1 + C2) or D (D1 + D2) prostatic carcinoma were treated with the depot formulation of D-TRP-6 LH-RH ("Decapeptyl") for up to 33 months. Serum testosterone (T) levels were significantly reduced to castration levels within 4 weeks and maintained persistently low. Similarly, LH levels were decreased, although they remained in the normal range. Stimulation tests with either Gn-RH or HCG in course of treatment showed the achievement of a complete pituitary desensitization and almost a complete down-regulation of testicular LH receptors. Of 88 patients evaluable for response, about one-half showed an objective response. In most cases, subjective improvement with relief of bone pain and/or urinary symptoms was obtained without major side effects. These results indicate that the depot formulation of D-TRP-6 LH-RH offers an effective therapeutic alternative for patients with advanced prostatic cancer.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma; Clinical Trials as Topic; Delayed-Action Preparations; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Humans; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Middle Aged; Prostatic Neoplasms; Testosterone; Triptorelin Pamoate

Metastatic prostatic cancer can be present in a variety of different ways. The authors describe the differences among stages D-0, D-1, and D-2 disease and present the treatment options for each of the substages. They summarize and integrate the clinical evidence that bears on the potential efficacy of each treatment.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Brachytherapy; Carcinoma; Castration; Clinical Trials as Topic; Combined Modality Therapy; Diethylstilbestrol; Estrogens; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Hormones; Humans; Leuprolide; Lymph Node Excision; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Neoplasm Staging; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radioisotope Teletherapy

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Carcinoma; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diethylstilbestrol; Electrocardiography; Heart Failure; Humans; Ischemia; Male; Myocardial Infarction; Neoplasm Metastasis; Placebos; Plasminogen; Prognosis; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Pulmonary Embolism

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Castration; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diethylstilbestrol; Humans; Lactose; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Palpation; Placebos; Progesterone; Prognosis; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms

Prostatic acid phosphatase (ACPP) is a glycoprotein that is mainly synthesized and secreted by glandular epithelial cells (GE) of the prostate, and it is well known as a biomarker for prostate cancer. Although ACPP was used as prognostic/diagnostic indicator and studied to elucidate regulatory mechanism(s) during several decades in humans, its role is not clearly understood. Gene profiling data using a chicken DNA microarray revealed that ACPP increased significantly during remodeling and recrudescence of the oviduct in response to estrogen. Thus, in this study, we investigated the expression and hormonal regulation of ACPP gene in the reproductive tracts of chickens. ACPP was specifically detected in the luminal cells (LE) and GE of chicken oviduct, and diethylstilbestrol (a synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen) stimulated its expression during development of the oviduct. In addition, ACPP mRNA and protein were localized to LE and GE during the regeneration phase of the oviduct of laying hens during induced molting. Furthermore, ACPP mRNA and protein were abundant in GE of ovarian carcinoma, but not in normal ovaries. Moreover, strong expression of ACPP protein was detected in epithelial cells of cancerous ovaries from women. Collectively, results of the present study are the first to show that ACPP is a novel estrogen-stimulated gene in the oviductal epithelial cells of the chicken and that its expression increases significantly in epithelial cells of ovarian carcinoma, which indicates that it may be a candidate biomarker for diagnosis of epithelia-derived ovarian cancer in women.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Avian Proteins; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma; Chickens; Diethylstilbestrol; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Ovarian Neoplasms; Oviducts; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths among males in most Western countries. Autologous cellular immunotherapy for the treatment of cancer seeks to induce tumor-specific immunity in the patient and is consequently dependent on a suitable target antigen and effective presentation of that antigen to the patient's immune system. Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) has been tested as a target antigen due to its high and apparently specific expression in the prostate. We used a variety of approaches to analyze PAP expression, including immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We complemented these laboratory-based techniques with an in silico analysis of reported PAP expression in human cDNA libraries. Our studies confirmed that, while PAP expression is not restricted to prostate tissues, its expression in other human tissues is approximately 1-2 orders of magnitude less than that observed in the prostate. The relative specificity of PAP expression in the prostate supports its use as a target of autologous cellular immunotherapy. The approach described here, involving the use of multiple correlates of tissue-specific expression, is warranted as a prerequisite in selecting any suitable target for immunotherapy.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Carcinoma; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Middle Aged; Organ Specificity; Pancreas; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger

A central question in cancer biology is what changes cause a healthy cell to form a tumor. Gene expression data could provide insight into this question, but it is difficult to distinguish between a gene that causes a change in gene expression from a gene that is affected by this change. Furthermore, the proteins that regulate gene expression are often themselves not regulated at the transcriptional level. Here we propose a Bayesian modeling framework we term RegNetB that uses mechanistic information about the gene regulatory network to distinguish between factors that cause a change in expression and genes that are affected by the change. We test this framework using human gene expression data describing localized prostate cancer progression.. The top regulatory relationships identified by RegNetB include the regulation of RLN1, RLN2, by PAX4, the regulation of ACPP (PAP) by JUN, BACH1 and BACH2, and the co-regulation of PGC and GDF15 by MAZ and TAF8. These target genes are known to participate in tumor progression, but the suggested regulatory roles of PAX4, BACH1, BACH2, MAZ and TAF8 in the process is new.. Integrating gene expression data and regulatory topologies can aid in identifying potentially causal mechanisms for observed changes in gene expression.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bayes Theorem; Carcinoma; DNA-Binding Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Gene Regulatory Networks; Homeodomain Proteins; Humans; Male; Paired Box Transcription Factors; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; Transcription Factor TFIID; Transcription Factors

Bone metastases contribute to morbidity in patients with common cancers, and conventional therapy provides only palliation and can induce systemic side effects. The development of nanostructured delivery systems that combine carriers with bone-targeting molecules can potentially overcome the drawbacks presented by conventional approaches. We have recently developed biodegradable, biocompatible nanoparticles (NP) made of a conjugate between poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolic) acid and alendronate, suitable for systemic administration, and directly targeting the site of tumor-induced osteolysis. Here, we loaded NP with doxorubicin (DXR), and analyzed the in vitro and in vivo activity of the drug encapsulated in the carrier system. After confirming the intracellular uptake of DXR-loaded NP, we evaluated the anti-tumor effects in a panel of human cell lines, representative for primary or metastatic bone tumors, and in an orthotopic mouse model of breast cancer bone metastases. In vitro, both free DXR and DXR-loaded NP, (58-580 ng/mL) determined a significant dose-dependent growth inhibition of all cell lines. Similarly, both DXR-loaded NP and free DXR reduced the incidence of metastases in mice. Unloaded NP were ineffective, although both DXR-loaded and unloaded NP significantly reduced the osteoclast number at the tumor site (P = 0.014, P = 0.040, respectively), possibly as a consequence of alendronate activity. In summary, NP may act effectively as a delivery system of anticancer drugs to the bone, and deserve further evaluation for the treatment of bone tumors.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alendronate; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Biological Transport; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Bone Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Cell Count; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Doxorubicin; Female; Humans; Isoenzymes; Mice; Mice, Nude; Nanocapsules; Osteoclasts; Osteolysis; Radiography; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Seminal vesicle invasion by prostatic carcinoma is directly associated with tumor staging; verification is challenging when the tumor demonstrates cribriform or papillary growth patterns or there are back-to-back small-gland proliferations. P504S is overexpressed in prostatic carcinoma and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia with cytoplasmic immunoreactivity. p63 has positive immunoreactivity in basal cell nuclei of benign prostatic glands. Many researchers use a combination of these antibodies and their different colors.. To evaluate the usefulness of a single-color P504S/p63 cocktail immunostain in verifying prostatic carcinoma within the seminal vesicle.. Sections from 57 radical prostatectomy specimens of pathologic stage pT3b that contain seminal vesicle with prostatic carcinoma involvement were immunostained with primary antibodies against prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and a cocktail of antibodies against P504S and p63.. Prostatic carcinoma cells from all 57 cases were diffusely positive for P504S, PSA, and PAP with cytoplasmic staining and no p63 nuclear staining. Seminal vesicle epithelium from all 57 cases was negative for all 3 markers with distinct p63 nuclear staining of the basal cells. Benign prostatic tissue was positive for PSA and PAP, as well as for p63, but negative for P504S.. The P504S/p63 one-color cocktail is a practical and cost-effective stain to differentiate prostatic carcinoma that involves the seminal vesicle from seminal vesicle epithelium. It is superior to PSA or PAP when sections contain both seminal vesicle and benign glands because PSA and PAP cannot distinguish benign from malignant glands.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Membrane Proteins; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Staging; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; Racemases and Epimerases; Seminal Vesicles; Staining and Labeling

Prostate carcinoma is among the most common solid tumors to secondarily involve the male breast. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostate-specific acid phosphatase (PSAP) are expressed in benign and malignant prostatic tissue, and immunohistochemical staining for these markers is often used to confirm the prostatic origin of metastatic carcinoma. PSA expression has been reported in male and female breast carcinoma and in gynecomastia, raising concerns about the utility of PSA for differentiating prostate carcinoma metastasis to the male breast from primary breast carcinoma. This study examined the frequency of PSA, PSAP, and hormone receptor expression in male breast carcinoma (MBC), female breast carcinoma (FBC), and gynecomastia.. Immunohistochemical staining for PSA, PSAP, AR, ER, and PR was performed on tissue microarrays representing six cases of gynecomastia, thirty MBC, and fifty-six FBC.. PSA was positive in two of fifty-six FBC (3.7%), focally positive in one of thirty MBC (3.3%), and negative in the five examined cases of gynecomastia. PSAP expression was absent in MBC, FBC, and gynecomastia. Hormone receptor expression was similar in males and females (AR 74.1% in MBC vs. 67.9% in FBC, p = 0.62; ER 85.2% vs. 68.5%, p = 0.18; and PR 51.9% vs. 48.2%, p = 0.82).. PSA and PSAP are useful markers to distinguish primary breast carcinoma from prostate carcinoma metastatic to the male breast. Although PSA expression appeared to correlate with hormone receptor expression, the incidence of PSA expression in our population was too low to draw significant conclusions about an association between PSA expression and hormone receptor status in breast lesions.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms, Male; Carcinoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Gynecomastia; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; Receptors, Androgen; Receptors, Estrogen; Receptors, Progesterone; Receptors, Steroid; Tissue Array Analysis

We are developing a noninvasive approach for targeting imaging and therapeutic radionuclides to prostate cancer. Our method, Enzyme-Mediated Cancer Imaging and Therapy (EMCIT), aims to use enzyme-dependent, site-specific, in vivo precipitation of a radioactive molecule within the extracellular space of solid tumors. Advanced methods for data mining of the literature, protein databases, and knowledge bases (IT. Omics LSGraph and Ingenuity Systems) identified prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) as an enzyme overexpressed in prostate cancer and secreted in the extracellular space. Using AutoDock 3.0 software, the prodrug ammonium 2-(2'-phosphoryloxyphenyl)-6-iodo-4-(3H)-quinazolinone (IQ(2-P)) was docked in silico into the X-ray structure of PAP. The data indicate that IQ(2-P) docked into the PAP active site with a calculated inhibition constant (K(i)) more favorable than that of the PAP inhibitor alpha-benzylaminobenzylphosphonic acid. When (125)IQ(2-P), the radioiodinated form of the water-soluble prodrug, was incubated with PAP, rapid hydrolysis of the compound was observed as exemplified by formation of the water-insoluble 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-6-[(125)I]iodo-4-(3H)-quinazolinone ((125)IQ(2-OH)). Similarly, the incubation of IQ(2-P) with human LNCaP, PC-3, and 22Rv1 prostate tumor cells resulted in the formation of large fluorescent IQ(2-OH) crystals. No hydrolysis was seen in the presence of normal human cells. Autoradiography of tumor cells incubated with (125)IQ(2-P) showed accumulation of radioactive grains ((125)IQ(2-OH)) around the cells. We anticipate that the EMCIT approach will enable the active in vivo entrapment of radioimaging and radiotherapeutic compounds within the extracellular spaces of primary prostate tumors and their metastases.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Computer Simulation; Drug Delivery Systems; Extracellular Space; Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Male; Models, Biological; Models, Molecular; Prodrugs; Prostatic Neoplasms; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Quinazolinones; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; Male; Mice; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; Stomach Neoplasms

We have previously developed methods for the quantification of different macromolecules in aspiration biopsy material and described the changes in prostate-specific antigen (T-PSA) during cancer treatment. We have now studied the changes in tissue prostatic acidic phosphatase (T-PAP) in 58 endocrine-treated patients with prostatic carcinoma and compared these data with cancer development data and tissue PSA (T-PSA) levels.. PAP and PSA were quantified in aspiration biopsies taken before treatment and after 6 and 12 months of treatment. Patients were followed until death or for >98 months.. Pretreatment T-PSA was more strongly associated with survival than T-PAP. Both T-PSA and T-PAP decreased in responders during treatment. In non-responders, T-PSA and T-PAP increased after 12 months in 17/18 and 7/13 patients, respectively. Estrogen-treated responders had significantly higher T-PSA, but not T-PAP, treatment values than those treated with orchidectomy or gonadotropin-releasing hormone.. The inferiority of serum PAP compared to PSA for monitoring cancer treatment may reflect its less pronounced changes at the tissue level, indicating different in vivo regulation of the two markers. Estrogen stimulation of PSA synthesis in vivo may underlie the higher PSA levels observed during estrogen treatment.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy, Needle; Carcinoma; Estrogens; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome

The objective of this study was to define the long-term prognostic significance of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) levels in patients with higher risk, early-stage prostate carcinoma.. One hundred sixty-one consecutive patients with Stage T1-T3 prostate carcinoma (according to the 1992 criteria of the American Joint Committee on Cancer) were treated from 1992 through 1996. Each patient had a Gleason score > or = 7 and/or a prostate specific antigen (PSA) level > 10 ng/mL. The original biopsy slides for 130 of 161 patients were retrieved and rereviewed by a single pathologist (L.T.). Enzymatic PAP measurements were determined using a standard method. Values up to 2.5 Units were considered normal. Patients received 41 grays (Gy) of external beam radiation therapy to a limited pelvic field followed 4 weeks later by a palladium 103 (Pd-103) boost using transrectal ultrasound and fluoroscopic guidance as described previously. The prescribed minimum Pd-103 dose to the prostate was 80 Gy (pre-National Institute of Standards and Technology [NIST]-99). Freedom from biochemical failure was defined as a serum PSA level < or =0.2 ng/mL at last follow-up.. There was little correlation between pretreatment PSA levels, Gleason scores, and PAP measurements. Thirty-eight patients developed biochemical failure. The overall actuarial freedom from biochemical progression at 10 years is 79%, with 118 patients followed for > 5 years. In a multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis that considered each factor as a continuous variable, the strongest predictor of failure was PAP (P = 0.0001), followed by Gleason score (P = 0.13), and PSA (P = 0.04). PAP was especially helpful in stratifying patients with pretreatment PSA levels between 4 ng/mL and 20 ng/mL, for whom the prognosis does not different when they are subdivided into PSA categories. When the PAP subgroup analysis was limited to this relatively favorable group, there was a wide range of prognoses.. The biochemical cure rate was remarkably high among the 161 patients evaluated. The fact that the PAP was the strongest predictor of long-term biochemical failure in patients with otherwise higher risk features reported here suggests that it may be a more accurate indicator of micrometastatic disease compared with the Gleason score and the PSA level. This report adds to the rationale for reintroducing PAP measurement into general practice.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Brachytherapy; Carcinoma; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Palladium; Prognosis; Prostatic Neoplasms; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; Radioisotopes; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome

Recent changes in tissue fixation strategy, using glutaraldehyde, have clarified the secretory mechanisms of the normal prostate identifying cytoplasmic prostatic secretory granules, structures not preserved by formalin fixation. This normal secretory mechanism was absent in most adenocarcinomas, depicting an important metabolic change in transformed prostate cells. The current study further investigates differences between benign and malignant prostate secretion and relates them to the production of corpora amylacea by benign glands and crystalloids or mucin by cancer. In all normal prostate cells examined (6 cases), prostate secretory granules (PSG) were approximately 1-microm, brightly eosinophilic granules filling the cytoplasm of secretory cells and released in packets by a specialized apocrine cell structure. After apocrine decapitation and luminal dispersal, some of the cytoplasmic and PSG remnants condensed to form eosinophilic bodies (EB) with a glycoprotein rim and central protein core. EB were observed adsorbing and layering onto the surface of prostatic corpora amylacea representing their chief mode of enlargement. Biochemical analysis and x-ray diffraction studies confirmed sulfated glycosaminoglycans of similar structure as the main constituent of both PSG and corpora amylacea. Peripheral zone amphiphilic "dark cell" carcinoma (9 cases) contained almost no PSG, and showed neither apical decapitation nor EB formation, but mucin secretion was frequently detected. Crystalloids that share the same staining characteristics and sulfur content as PSG and corpora amylacea were identified in 3 selected "clear cell" carcinomas, all of which showed at least focal PSG secretion. The recognition of these differing secretory mechanisms and their deviation from normal further defines the histological criteria and spectrum of prostate malignancy.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Cytoplasm; Cytoplasmic Granules; Humans; Inclusion Bodies; Male; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms

The current study assesses artificial intelligence methods to identify prostate carcinoma patients at low risk for lymph node spread. If patients can be assigned accurately to a low risk group, unnecessary lymph node dissections can be avoided, thereby reducing morbidity and costs.. A rule-derivation technology for simple decision-tree analysis was trained and validated using patient data from a large database (4,133 patients) to derive low risk cutoff values for Gleason sum and prostate specific antigen (PSA) level. An empiric analysis was used to derive a low risk cutoff value for clinical TNM stage. These cutoff values then were applied to 2 additional, smaller databases (227 and 330 patients, respectively) from separate institutions.. The decision-tree protocol derived cutoff values of < or = 6 for Gleason sum and < or = 10.6 ng/mL for PSA. The empiric analysis yielded a clinical TNM stage low risk cutoff value of < or = T2a. When these cutoff values were applied to the larger database, 44% of patients were classified as being at low risk for lymph node metastases (0.8% false-negative rate). When the same cutoff values were applied to the smaller databases, between 11 and 43% of patients were classified as low risk with a false-negative rate of between 0.0 and 0.7%.. The results of the current study indicate that a population of prostate carcinoma patients at low risk for lymph node metastases can be identified accurately using a simple decision algorithm that considers preoperative PSA, Gleason sum, and clinical TNM stage. The risk of lymph node metastases in these patients is < or = 1%; therefore, pelvic lymph node dissection may be avoided safely. The implications of these findings in surgical and nonsurgical treatment are significant.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Algorithms; Artificial Intelligence; Biopsy, Needle; Carcinoma; Cost Control; Databases as Topic; Decision Support Techniques; Decision Trees; False Negative Reactions; Humans; Lymph Node Excision; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Neoplasm Staging; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Reproducibility of Results; Risk Factors

To confirm the expression of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) in ductal carcinomas of the prostate, and to analyse p53, Ki67, oestrogen (ER) and androgen (AR) receptors in these tumours.. Paraffin-embedded samples from 12 patients with ductal carcinoma of the prostate were assessed for pattern, mitotic count and the presence of a microacinar carcinoma component. There were six pure ductal and six mixed microacinar and ductal carcinomas. Sections were stained immunohistochemically for the expression of PSA, PAP, Ki67, p53, AR and ER. Clinical data were obtained from case notes.. Six of the ductal tumours had a papillary pattern whilst the others had a cribriform appearance. The mitotic rates in the ductal areas were high in the tumours from eight of the 12 patients. PSA and PAP immunohistochemistry were positive in all the cases. No ER immunoreactivity was found in any of the patients. Ten of the ductal tumours showed strong reactivity with AR, the other two were weakly positive; two of the tumours were strongly positive for p53 protein. All the ductal carcinomas expressed Ki67, three having > 25% nuclear marking. One patient who was strongly positive for p53 and had a high Ki67 score survived only one year after diagnosis. Survival ranged from 1 to 13 years after diagnosis.. This study confirms the expression of PSA and PAP in ductal carcinomas of the prostate. The percentage of tumours expressing p53 was similar to that published for high-grade microacinar carcinomas. The results for Ki67 suggest that ductal tumours have higher scores than microacinar tumours, but further studies are required to ascertain if this is significantly different. As half the patients with ductal tumours had co-existent microacinar tumours, we advise transrectal prostatic biopsies in patients diagnosed with pure ductal carcinomas on transurethral resection specimens, to exclude high-grade microacinar carcinomas. The presence of AR and the lack of ER in all the ductal carcinomas confirms that these tumours are prostatic in origin and should be treated with antiandrogen therapy.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Ki-67 Antigen; Male; Neoplasm Proteins; Orchiectomy; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53

Serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and prostatic specific antigen (PSA) were measured in 16 patients with advanced prostatic cancer before and after treatment with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue. An initial rise of serum LH and testosterone levels was observed on day 2 of the treatment. Subsequently, serum concentrations of PAP and PSA showed a transient increase on day 5 of the treatment. This indicates that LHRH analogues had better be given in combination with antiandrogens in patients with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Biomarkers, Tumor; Bone Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Injections, Subcutaneous; Leuprolide; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radioimmunoassay; Testosterone; Treatment Outcome

This study was done to review long-term results of radical radiotherapy for prostate cancer.. The records of 674 patients with Stage T1a, T1b, T2a, T2b, T3, and any T,N1,M0 disease, treated with external beam radiotherapy between January 1, 1967 and December 1987, were reviewed. These patients were treated to an average total dose of 66 Gy, with an average fractional dose of 2.05 Gy, using megavoltage. The duration of follow-up for surviving patients ranged from a minimum of 7 years to more than 20 years.. The survival for 151 Stage T1a,T1b patients was 98.5% at 5 years, 93.6% at 10 years, and 75.2% at 15 years. Survival for 346 Stage T2a,b patients was 94.4% at 5 years, 67.9% at 10 years, and 41.5% at 15 years. Survival for 92 Stage T3 patients was 87.3% at 5 years, 54% at 10 years, and 26.6% at 15 years. The survival for 85 any T,N1,M0 patients was 73.9% at 5 years, 34.4% at 10 years, and 8.5% at 15 years. At 15 years, 75.2% of Stage T1a,b patients, 41.5% of Stage T2a,b patients, 21.7% of Stage T3 patients, and 8.5% of Stage T,N1,M0 patients remained free of local recurrence and distant metastases. The elevation of prostatic acid phosphatase prior to radiotherapy was an unfavorable prognostic factor, with impact on both loco-regional recurrences and survival.. The external beam radiotherapy for localized carcinoma of the prostate produced a good loco-regional control, NED, and overall survival. Patients with smaller tumors and low grade fared better than the ones with more aggressive and/or bulky tumors. The weakness of this study is the absence of serial prostate-specific measurements, which were not available during the period under study. The complication rate requiring surgical intervention was low, i.e. 0.4%.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma; Disease-Free Survival; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasm Staging; Proportional Hazards Models; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiation Injuries; Radiotherapy Dosage; Time Factors

The usefulness of estramustine phosphate (ECT) for preventing flare-up in goserelin acetate depot therapy for advanced prostate cancer was studied. Pretreatment with ECT 560 mg daily for 3 weeks almost completely prevented the rise in testosterone level seen in goserelin acetate depot therapy and no signs or symptoms of tumor flare were observed. Long-term ECT completely blocked the rise in luteinizing hormone and testosterone level, but ECT at this dosage was likely to cause complications. The administration of ECT 560 mg daily for 3 weeks prior to goserelin acetate depot therapy was considered sufficient to prevent tumor flare, and its effect was considered to be more marked than that of short-term treatment with antiandrogens.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma; Disease Progression; Drug Therapy, Combination; Estramustine; Goserelin; Humans; Injections, Subcutaneous; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Middle Aged; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Testosterone

Bone metastases frequently occur in prostate carcinoma. Total body radionuclide scan with diphosphonate methylene labelled with 99Tc is commonly used to diagnose such metastases. However this technique is aspecific and frequently unreliable. In recent years several biological markers dealing with bone metabolism were studied. Serum determination of skeletal alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and moreover of its bone isoenzyme (BAP) could be considered a reliable index of osteoblastic activity. In this preliminary report we analyzed a group of 43 patients affected by prostate carcinoma with or without bone metastases. The American Urological Association (AUA) staging system was adopted. Sixteen patients were D2, bone metastases had been suspected by means of radionuclide bone scan and confirmed by Computerized Tomography and/or aimed X-rays. Tandem R-Ostase by Hybritech was used to measure BAP, normal value is set to 20 micrograms/L. All D2 tumours had pathological BAP values (mean value 87.50 micrograms/l); 1/3 stage A, 5/13 stage B, 5/9 stage C and 0/2 stage D1 patients had pathological findings. One of this patients, stage C, revealed a bone metastase at a later bone scan.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Biomarkers, Tumor; Bone Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Humans; Isoenzymes; Male; Neoplasm Proteins; Neoplasm Staging; Osteoblasts; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radionuclide Imaging

Prostate inhibin peptide (PIP) is a polypeptide synthesized by the prostate gland that is involved in prostatic growth and differentiation. The objective of this study was to evaluate PIP as an immunocytochemical marker for prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCA) by comparing it with PSA and PAP. A total of 71 cases of primary PCA and 5 cases of metastatic PCA were studied. Primary tumors were specially selected to include a disproportionate number of high-grade tumors. The distribution of cases by Gleason score was 2-5, 14 cases; 6-7, 24 cases; and 8-10, 33 cases. Four metastases were to bone (decalcified tissue) and one to soft tissue. All 71 cases of primary PCA stained positively for the three antibodies tested, with none demonstrating obvious superiority, although individual case variability was seen. In one bone metastasis, staining for PSA was negative, with both PAP and PIP giving positive results. All non-prostatic carcinomas tested were negative. These results indicate that PIP is as sensitive and specific an immunohistochemical marker as PSA and PAP in untreated prostate adenocarcinomas. Further, the androgen-independent nature of PIP may give it an advantage over PSA/PAP in tumors exposed to androgen ablating agents.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Inhibins; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Proteins; Peptides; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Prostatic Secretory Proteins

In order to characterize the effects of growth factors on the regulation of expression of the genes coding for prostatic differentiation markers, prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen, we studied changes occurring in the biosynthesis of these enzymes in LNCaP prostatic cancer cells treated with growth factors. Epidermal growth factor was found to reduce the secretion of prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen by the cells, as the result of lowered steady-state levels of the corresponding messenger RNAs (mRNAs). In addition, epidermal growth factor (EGF) interfered with the androgen regulation of these genes. EGF evoked these changes in a concentration- and time-dependent fashion, in both the presence and absence of serum and most likely through interactions with the epidermal growth factor receptor, inasmuch as similar effects were achieved by treating the cells with transforming growth factor alpha. The regulation of the human glandular kallikrein 1 gene was quite similar to the regulation of the prostate-specific antigen gene. In addition to the expression of the genes coding for prostatic secretory proteins, the amount of the human androgen receptor mRNA was down-regulated by EGF. This reduction was more pronounced than the autologous down-regulation of human androgen receptor (hAR) mRNA by androgen and could be maintained for at least 5 days. In the presence of androgen, some of the effects of EGF and transforming growth factor alpha on the levels of androgen-regulated mRNAs may be due to down-regulation of the expression of the hAR gene. Transforming growth factor beta 1, which blocked the growth induction of LNCaP cells by EGF, increased the level of prostatic acid phosphatase and hAR mRNAs, but when given to the cells together with EGF its up-regulatory effect could not be discerned. In summary, regulation of the prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen genes is a complex matter, inasmuch as androgens and growth factors regulate the levels of the mRNAs originating from them. Furthermore, the interactions between the androgen-regulatory system and the growth factor-regulatory systems are likely to be at multiple levels in prostatic cells, as suggested by the modulation of the hAR gene expression by these growth factors.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Base Sequence; Carcinoma; Epidermal Growth Factor; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Kallikreins; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Receptors, Androgen; RNA, Messenger; Transforming Growth Factor alpha; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Tumor Cells, Cultured

The authors are reporting the clinical importance of prostate specific antigen. They concluded that there are false positive and false negative cases. The prostate specific antigen is high in prostatic hyperplasia therefore the distinction between the two disease is impossible on basis of the prostate specific antigen. Prostate specific antigen shows the metastatic cases better [correction of worse] than prostatic acid phosphatase. But prostate specific antigen detects the changes of the clinical course of the disease well and shows the progression sooner. The authors have concluded that prostate specific antigen can not replace phosphatases and bone-scanning in the diagnosis and follow up of patients with prostate carcinoma.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenoma; Carcinoma; Diagnosis, Differential; False Positive Reactions; Humans; Male; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms

Prostate-specific antigen is a specific immunohistochemical marker of benign prostatic epithelium and prostate cancer. A subpopulation of neuroendocrine cells seen in 50% of cancers do not produce this protein marker. These cells appear to secrete prostate-specific acid phosphatase. This finding may explain the marked variation in serum prostate-specific antigen levels in all stages of prostate cancer.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antigens, Neoplasm; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma; Chromogranin A; Chromogranins; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Neurosecretory Systems; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Staining and Labeling

Human prostatic acid phosphatase (PAcP) is a tissue-specific differentiation antigen and is the major phosphotyrosyl (p-tyr) protein phosphatase in normal differentiated prostate epithelial cells. In prostate carcinomas, cellular PAcP has a low expression. We examined the expression of cellular PAcP activity and its correlation with cell growth that may lead us to understand the role of tyrosine phosphorylation in human prostate cells. LNCaP cells, which expressed the highest cellular PAcP activity, had the slowest growth rate and the lowest p-tyr level among three human prostate carcinoma cell lines: LNCaP, DU145, and PC-3. This inverse correlation was further examined in LNCaP cells, since these cells remain hormone-sensitive. Androgen, a classical stimulator of prostate cells, stimulated the growth of LNCaP cells while cellular PAcP activity decreased and p-tyr levels increased. This phenomenon was also observed when cells were treated with epidermal growth factor and fetal bovine serum. Both epidermal growth factor and fetal bovine serum stimulated the growth of LNCaP cells whereas cellular PAcP activity decreased. Furthermore, when cell growth was arrested at low temperatures (23 degrees C), cellular PAcP activity was elevated. To establish the relationship of cellular PAcP activity with cell growth rate, we transfected a complementary DNA encoding the full length PAcP protein into another human prostate carcinoma line, PC-3, that lacks endogenous PAcP. Two stable transfectants, designated PC-18 and PC-416 cells, were obtained and shown to express PAcP mRNA transcribed from the transfected complementary DNA. The expression of PAcP activity in PC-416 cells, but not PC-18 cells, was associated with a lower p-tyr level and a slower growth rate than control cells transfected with the expression vector alone. In conclusion, in LNCaP cells, the stimulated cell growth is associated with an increased p-tyr level and a decreased cellular PAcP activity. In PAcP complementary DNA-transfected PC-416 cells, the low level of p-tyr corresponds to a slow growth rate.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Base Sequence; Carcinoma; Cell Division; Dihydrotestosterone; DNA; Gene Expression; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; Phosphotyrosine; Prostatic Neoplasms; RNA, Messenger; Transfection; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Tyrosine

Prostate carcinoma is usually highly responsive to initial endocrine therapy. However, when relapse occurs, the subsequent clinical course is very poor. In this study, we tried to reveal the clinical aspects of bone-related relapse in 392 patients who received endocrine therapy for prostate carcinoma. In 17 stage B patients who had relapsed, 76% experienced relapse within 4 years following the start of treatment, 76% within 3 years in 27 stage C patients, and 71% within 2.5 years found in 45 stage D patients. Pre-treatment levels of serum enzymes and initial response of the primary lesion and of serum enzymes failed to predict relapse. The Gleason sum tended to be correlated with relapse. In particular, patients with a Gleason sum of 9-10 had a lower non-relapse rate during the follow-up period than patients with lower sums. With the recent use of more sophisticated measurements of PSA and/or PAP, the reduction rate or interval to normalization of the markers must be more relevant to predicting relapse.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Biomarkers, Tumor; Bone Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Combined Modality Therapy; Estrogens; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Neoplasm Proteins; Neoplasm Staging; Orchiectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome

Preoperative intra-individual variation for determinations of prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase concentrations, 15-30% in 92 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, limits the diagnostic usefulness of both tumor markers. In benign prostatic hyperplasia (214 patients), concentrations of these tumor markers increased in the initial postoperative period. Prostatic acid phosphatase concentration then decreased by the third postoperative day. Prostate-specific antigen concentration remained above normal in the first postoperative week but had decreased by 42 days. In prostatic carcinoma (46 patients), the concentrations of these tumor markers did not increase postoperatively. During the first week, the concentrations of prostatic acid phosphatase began to fall, but prostate-specific antigen showed a decrease only at 42 days. After orchidectomy (11 patients), the concentrations of both markers had decreased by five days. Concentrations of prostate-specific antigen but not of prostatic acid phosphatase were significantly increased in patients with metastases at 42 days postoperatively. When the concentration of tumor marker did decrease, the magnitude of change was greater for prostatic acid phosphatase than for prostate-specific antigen. These changes were accentuated after an orchidectomy.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antigens, Neoplasm; Carcinoma; Humans; Immunoradiometric Assay; Male; Orchiectomy; Postoperative Period; Prospective Studies; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Reference Values

We used fine needle biopsies from prostatic tumors at routine examinations in 133 patients. Cytological grading was performed with a scoring system. Cellular prostatic acid phosphatase and cellular prostate specific antigen from the aspirates were quantitated. Deoxyribonucleic acid flow cytometry was performed and the tumors were subdivided into diploid, tetraploid and aneuploid groups. Tumor staging was assessed by digital examination. A decrease in the biochemical markers was significantly correlated with the increase in malignancy grade, tumor stage and a shift from diploid to aneuploid tumors. Cellular prostatic acid phosphatase and cellular prostate specific antigen as well as tumor ploidy may contribute to the objective determination of the malignancy potential of the prostatic carcinoma.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antigens, Neoplasm; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy, Needle; Carcinoma; DNA, Neoplasm; Flow Cytometry; Humans; Male; Ploidies; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms

In 35 patients with histologically confirmed carcinoma of the prostate confined to the pelvis, the value of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was evaluated during external beam radiotherapy to the prostate and draining pelvic lymph nodes. In eleven patients initial prostate-specific antigen levels were more than 10 ng/ml and in twelve patients between 4 and 10 ng/ml. In the remaining twelve, initial prostate-specific antigen levels were less than 4 ng/ml. In the course of radiotherapy we could see a significant decrease of the prostate-specific antigen, even in those with levels between 4 and 10 ng/ml. This decrease seems to follow a logarithmic course but, because only three measurements during radiotherapy were made, this needs further study. With higher levels (more than 20 ng/ml), we rarely saw a value of less than 10 ng/ml at the end of radiotherapy but had to wait for several months for lower values to be reached. In several cases prostate-specific antigen decrease took up to three months after the end of the radiation course. Our results indicate that prostate-specific antigen values actually start decreasing during the radiation course itself and may, therefore, be useful for monitoring response to radiotherapy.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antigens, Neoplasm; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Monitoring, Immunologic; Monitoring, Physiologic; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiotherapy Dosage; Radiotherapy, High-Energy; Time Factors

We report two cases of osteoclast-like giant cell tumour of urinary bladder associated with papillary transitional cell tumours. Both cases were morphologically identical to giant cell tumour of bone. The giant cells stained strongly for acid phosphatase which was resistant to tartrate digestion, a staining reaction typical of osteoclasts. In view of the ability of urinary bladder to induce metaplastic and neoplastic bone, we believe that these tumours may represent extraosseous giant cell tumours of bone.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Bone Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Diagnosis, Differential; Giant Cell Tumors; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Male; Membrane Glycoproteins; Mucin-1; Muramidase; Osteoclasts; S100 Proteins; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Vimentin

Tumour markers viz carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) in 30 cases of carcinoma breast and prostatic specific acid phosphatase (PSAP) in 30 cases of carcinoma prostate were studied by peroxidase antiperoxidase technique in paraffin blocks of tissue. Twenty three (76.7%) and 20 (66.7%) cases were positive for CEA and HCG respectively. No correlation was observed between CEA and HCG status, and histological differentiation of the tumours. All the 29 cases (100%) of adenocarcinoma prostate were PSAP positive while a single case, negative for PSAP, was of transitional cell carcinoma.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Female; Humans; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms

The relative efficacy of the recently introduced gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues in advanced prostatic cancer, compared with surgical castration, is still debatable. High patient compliance, lack of side effects, and absence of the psychological impact of castration, seem to be the most prominent advantages cited. Our long-term follow-up in a group of 19 prostate cancer patients treated with GnRH analogue also indicated high patient compliance and mild side effects. However, we found a discrepancy between local prostatic regression and general clinical responsiveness, and a poorer therapeutic effect than that obtained with surgical castration. In this group of patients follow-up with either prostatic acid phosphatase or prostatic specific antigen seems promising. We found a high correlation between disease state and prostatic markers. We suggest that GnRH analogues are another addition to the armamentarium for treating advanced prostatic carcinoma, yet are limited in their therapeutic effectiveness.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antigens, Neoplasm; Biomarkers, Tumor; Buserelin; Carcinoma; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Drug Evaluation; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Time Factors

Response of prostatic cancer bone metastases to therapy (androgen withdrawal and Estracyt) was studied in 43 patients by applying scintiscanning and radioimmunodetective measurement of serum osteocalcin (OC) values. The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) concentrations, as sensitive probes for the overall tumor spread, were used in parallel in a monitoring procedure. A significant rise in OC levels to values elevated from a pretreatment normal level has been found in patients with a partial osseous tumor remission, and this may be easily distinguished from normal and/or subnormal OC level in bony tumor progression (P less than 0.01) and during stabilization in metastatic spread (P less than 0.01). On these bases, differences between disease progression and the "no change" response category could not be statistically recognized (P greater than 0.05). A sharp increase in circulating OC level has been recorded 1 months after the beginning of the treatment leading to bone remodeling processes and precedes improvements in scintiscan appearance. Blood OC concentration seems also to be of utility 1) in distinguishing scintigraphic flare phenomenon from a slight bone scan progression and 2) when related to scans with regions of both disease improvement and worsening. Furthermore, serum OC concentration can frequently be measured through a noninvasive procedure, thus serving as a significant addition to bone scintigraphy.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Antigens, Neoplasm; Bone Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Osteocalcin; Prognosis; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radionuclide Imaging

The authors analyzed 3,079 serum determinations for prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) that had been performed in 1,470 patients. The control group was comprised of 370 patients, 444 comprised the patient group with benign non-prostatic disease, 201 had malignant nonprostatic disease, 290 had benign prostatic disease (85 uncomplicated benign prostatic hypertrophy, 125 complicated benign prostatic hypertrophy, 50 acute prostatitis, 30 chronic prostatitis), 78 had untreated prostate carcinoma, and 165 were patients with prostate carcinoma under treatment. Quantification of PSA and PAP was performed by double antibody radioimmunoassay. The upper limit for normal values was set at 10 ng/ml. for PSA and 2.5 ng/ml. for PAP. Statistical analyses were performed with a personal computer using the SPSC program. Non-parametric tests were utilized throughout in the absence of a normal distribution of values for both tumor markers. In the control group, no significant differences in PSA and PAP levels were observed relative to the age group for the female patients; however, for the male patients, a significant increase was observed after age 15 for both markers. Furthermore, after age 50 PAP values became stable whereas a slight increase was observed for PSA. With regard to tumor mass, a significant correlation was found between PSA levels and the different patient groups while no remarkable differences were observed for PAP levels in those patients without or with single metastasis. We can conclude from the foregoing findings that PSA is currently the most useful tumor marker in diagnosing, staging, and monitoring prostate cancer. However, we believe that PSA and PAP are different manifestations of the prostate cell.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antigens, Neoplasm; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma; Female; Humans; Male; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Diseases; Prostatic Neoplasms

Osteosarcoma in the metaphysis to epiphysis of the left femur of a 17-year-old male is reported. The lesion appeared osteolytic with sclerotic foci on roentgenographs, accompanied by an extensive tumor shadow in the surrounding soft tissue. While 60% of the tumor was necrotic, histological examination of the remaining viable tissue revealed that it consisted almost entirely of a sheet of epithelioid cells, separated by thin, fibrovascular septa with an alveolar-like pattern, suggestive of metastatic carcinoma. Only a few areas were characterized by malignant osteoid tissue intermingled with the above cells, showing significant positivity for bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase, thus permitting a diagnosis of osteosarcoma. Autopsy findings revealed that the metastatic foci were histologically similar to those of the primary tumor. Electron microscopy revealed poor development of cytoplasmic organelles, supporting possible derivation from an osteoblastic cell lineage at an early stage.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Epithelium; Humans; Male; Osteosarcoma; Prognosis

Concurrent measurements of serum TPA and PAP concentrations by double antibody radioimmunoassays were done in 49 patients with prostatic cancer in different clinical stages. The reference group comprised patients suffering from BPH. Positive TPA was found in 32.7% of cancer patients, the lowest percentage in stage A (11.1%) and the highest in stage D (55.6%). The additional value as a diagnostic aid of the TPA test was revealed on the basis of examination of the selected group of patients with not increased PAP. Positive TPA was found in 16.7% of patients: none in stage A, 22.2% in stage B, and 33.3% in stage D. Prostatic cancer remains the most common malignancy of the genitourinary tract. The improvement in the results of treatment involves not only a modernization of treatment modalities but also the introduction of laboratory tests which give the most ample information on the stage of tumour development and improve possibilities to control tumour therapy. Besides the refinement of the determination procedures of specific prostatic markers, prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), through radio- and enzyme-immunological methods, there is a search for additional markers which might be helpful in diagnosis and follow-up of treatment.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Antigens, Neoplasm; Carcinoma; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Peptides; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Tissue Polypeptide Antigen

Three different human lines of prostate carcinoma were successively transplanted on Balb/c nude mice and the serum values of the prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) were determined simultaneously. In a group of the tumor-bearing animals the influence of endocrine manipulation (castration, estradiol) on the serum concentration of these tumor markers was studied. As far as untreated tumor-bearing mice are concerned, the serum values of both PAP and PSA proved to be strictly dependent on the tumor volume measured. In the exponential growth phase of the grafted tumors, linear growth was linked with a correspondingly increasing PAP and PSA serum level of the test animals. A close correlation was found to exist between the two tumor markers; however, the indicator value of PSA was 20 to 50 times higher than that of PAP under the test conditions. PSA determination yielded no false-negative results, if PAP was elevated. PAP determination was false-negative in 21 per cent of cases with measurable tumors, although the serum level of PSA already showed marked elevation. In treated animals both markers were found to decrease. Arrested growth and tumor regression was associated with falling PAP and PSA serum levels or with levels within normal range. The results of this experimental study support the conclusion that prostate specific antigen represents a substantially more sensitive tumor marker than prostatic acid phosphatase.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Antigens, Neoplasm; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma; Castration; Estradiol; False Negative Reactions; Humans; Male; Mice; Mice, Nude; Neoplasm Transplantation; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms

Coupled prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) measurements (using the radioimmunoassay method) were carried out on 220 controls, 33 patients with prostatic hyperplasia, and 71 with carcinoma. The mean PSA value was 3.70 +/- 3.31 ng in the controls. A level of 10 ng was adopted as the upper limit of normal. Four of the eight cases of prostatic hyperplasia with a high PSA level (between 10 and 25 ng) underwent surgery. Histological tests confirmed benign hyperplasia. In the localized cancers, the PSA level was normal. In the metastatic cancers, PSA proved to be more sensitive than PAP. Thus, PSA is of little use in the early diagnosis of cancer; its systematic measurement as a means of cancer screening for the general public may even be misleading.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antigens, Neoplasm; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms

In a comparative study, we determined the mean serum concentrations of immunoassayable prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), tartrate-inhibited phosphatase (TP), total acid phosphatase (AcP), and alkaline phosphatase (AP) in different clinical subgroups of patients with histologically proved prostatic carcinoma (PCA). The subgroups were compared with each other and with a reference group of males apparently free of any prostatic disorder. In addition, clinical sensitivities, specificities, and predictive values were calculated to assess the diagnostic value of the different assays. The main results were: (1) Serum PAP concentration measured by immunologic methods best reflected the tumor mass, the presence or absence of metastases, the histologic grade, and the therapeutic efficiency (response) in the patients. (2) The differences in biochemically determined serum TP concentrations were less clear-cut. (3) The serum concentrations of the nonspecific phosphatases AcP and AP were highly elevated in patients with progressed PCA; AP was the highest in patients with palpable tumors and metastases. (4) The sensitivities of each phosphatase were too low for detection of early PCA stages. In conclusion, immunoassayable PAP appears to be the best parameter to monitor advanced PCA disease, and AP may be a useful auxiliary parameter in metastatic PCA.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Humans; Male; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms

Cyproterone acetate is a steroidal antiandrogen with weak progestational activity that results in the partial suppression of pituitary gonadotropin. We demonstrate that the associated decrease in serum testosterone is more complete and prolonged if cyproterone acetate (200 mg. daily) is combined with a low dose of diethylstilbestrol (0.1 mg. daily). The effectiveness of the combination in the treatment of prostatic carcinoma was investigated in 51 patients with stage D2 malignancy. From an initial concentration of 360 +/- 23 ng. per dl. (mean +/- standard error), serum testosterone decreased to 56 +/- 5 ng. per dl. after 1 week and reached a plateau of approximately 30 ng. per dl. after 2 months. This was accompanied by a decrease in serum prostatic acid phosphatase from a mean starting concentration of 43 +/- 11 ng. per ml. to a low of 3 +/- 1 ng. per ml. at 12 months; the proportion of normal values increased from 10 to 80 per cent. A complete response was observed in 7 patients (13 per cent), partial response in 35 (69 per cent) and stable disease in 8 (16 per cent), yielding an over-all objective response rate of 98 per cent (1980 National Prostatic Cancer Project criteria). The actuarial median time to progression was 17 months and the median survival time was 23.5 months. In 26 patients who subsequently had signs of progressive carcinoma the relapse rate in bone (85 per cent) far exceeded that in nonskeletal sites (23 per cent). The incidence of cardiovascular toxicity was 12 per cent. These results indicate that cyproterone acetate and low dose diethylstilbestrol may be co-administered to achieve a synergistic and potent androgen withdrawal effect in the treatment of advanced prostatic carcinoma.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Androgen Antagonists; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Carcinoma; Cyproterone; Cyproterone Acetate; Diethylstilbestrol; Drug Evaluation; Drug Synergism; Gonadotropins, Pituitary; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pilot Projects; Prostatic Neoplasms; Testosterone

We investigated retrospectively 91 patients with prostatic carcinoma diagnosed cytologically between 1978 and 1979. Of the patients 57 had no metastases (M0) at presentation. The majority of the patients without metastases had well or moderately well differentiated carcinoma. Of 18 patients with poorly differentiated carcinoma 17 had metastases at presentation. The patients without metastases were left untreated, while those with metastases received active antitumor treatment. Local progression and/or development of metastases during surveillance occurred in 24 patients (42 per cent) and antitumor treatment was initiated. Mean observation time in the group untreated throughout observation was 47 months. Mean interval to progression in the patients treated subsequently was 31 months. In the surveillance group no difference in mean interval to progression, frequency of local progression, development of metastases or death rate of prostatic carcinoma was found when the patients with initially well and moderately well differentiated carcinoma were compared. Therefore, in our study initial cytological grade failed to predict a difference in progression in patients with well and moderately well differentiated prostatic carcinoma. Since almost all patients with poorly differentiated carcinoma had metastases at presentation a poor differentiation seems to predict a worse prognosis compared to well and moderately well differentiated tumors.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bone and Bones; Carcinoma; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Staging; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radionuclide Imaging; Retrospective Studies

Plasma levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator have been investigated in 80 patients with prostatic carcinoma by means of a radioimmunoassay. A total of 30 patients with disseminated prostatic carcinoma had significantly elevated levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator, whereas the plasma levels in patients without metastases did not differ from a healthy age matched control group. Sensitivity of elevated urokinase-type plasminogen activator levels in patients with prostatic carcinoma for the presence of metastases was 80 per cent. Therefore, urokinase-type plasminogen activator appears to be a reliable marker for the formation of metastases in prostatic carcinoma.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alkaline Phosphatase; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prognosis; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radioimmunoassay; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator

In 62 patients with histologically confirmed carcinoma of the prostate bone scintigraphy, radiographic survey and serum prostatic acid phosphatase determinations were carried out to evaluate the progression of the disease and to compare the relative sensitivity of the diagnostic tools. Thirty-five patients had scintigraphic evidence of skeletal metastases, whereas abnormal X-ray survey and elevated prostatic acid phosphatase levels were found in only 4 and 19 patients, respectively, all of whom had positive scintigraphic findings. Radiographic evidence of metastases was not found in any of the patients with normal scintigraphy, while elevated prostatic acid phosphatase was found in two patients. It is concluded that bone scintigraphy is far more sensitive than either radiographic survey or determination of prostatic acid phosphatases in the diagnosis of skeletal involvement in prostatic carcinoma, and should be the method of choice for this purpose.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Humans; Male; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiography; Radionuclide Imaging; Sensitivity and Specificity

The daily variation of serum levels of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) determined by the Roy enzymatic method was investigated in 10 patients with metastatic prostatic cancer and in 10 patients without prostatic disease. Duplicate serum samples were obtained from all patients on the same day at 8 AM, 12 PM, 4 PM, and 8 PM. Statistical analysis of the mean PAP levels at the four sampling times in both groups of patients demonstrated no evidence of circadian or diurnal rhythmic variation. Prostate cancer patients did show significantly greater variability in daily PAP than patients without prostatic disease, although a distinct pattern of secretion was not observed in either group. These results underscore the potential inaccuracy of the use of single determination of serum PAP as a parameter of response in patients with metastatic prostatic cancer and in the staging of patients with clinically localized prostatic malignancy. Evaluation of trends of PAP levels over time, however, continues to play a major role in the assessment and management of patients with prostatic carcinoma.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Bone Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Circadian Rhythm; Humans; Male; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: 5'-Nucleotidase; Acid Phosphatase; AMP Deaminase; Carcinoma; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Cyclic AMP; Female; Humans; Hydrolysis; Nucleotidases; Ovarian Neoplasms; Tissue Extracts

The authors' 5-year experience in the management and care of prostatic carcinoma are summarized. Their method differs essentially from earlier practice. They have found a new diagnostic and therapeutic method by introducing the TECO irradiation therapy, extensively using bone scintigraphy, by introducing cytostatics, extensively applying the prostate-specific acid phosphatase and by performing rectal biopsy of the prostate. They describe their own observations on the diagnostics and therapy of prostatic carcinoma. They stress that none of the therapies is the method of choice, the use of the various kinds of treatment are defined by strict indications. They state that care of prostatic cancer patients is highly important because only observation of the course of the disease may ensure the evaluation of treatment results and the indication of the adequate therapeutic method.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Biopsy; Bone Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Hormones; Humans; Male; Prostate; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radionuclide Imaging; Radiotherapy, High-Energy

Bone marrow macrophages were found to express tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) under pathological conditions. In chronic granulocytic leukemia and metastatic carcinoma in the bone marrow this phenomenon was striking, all or almost all of the marrow macrophages being reactive. In other conditions, such as hypertransfusion or chemotherapy-induced marrow aplasia, the phenomenon did occur but was clearly a minor one. These observations indicate that tissue macrophages may become TRAP positive under the effect of unknown stimuli operating in certain pathological conditions. The results further suggest that the synthesis of the isoenzyme of acid phosphatase resistant to tartrate inhibition is a marker of macrophage activation rather than of differentiation towards particular subsets of the mononuclear phagocyte system.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Marrow Diseases; Bone Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Macrophages; Tartrates

The origin and characteristics of so-called stromal cells (stromal cell) and the osteoclast-like giant cell series of 19 cases of giant cell tumor (G.C.T.) of bone were studied. Immunohistochemically, two interesting cases were found. The stromal cells of one case were alpha-1-antitrypsin positive and those of the other case were alpha-1-antichymotrypsin positive. The histiocytic stromal cells of the latter case seemed to be surely neoplastic since they showed mild to moderate cell atypism. There were foci consisting of fibroblastic cells or osteoid and osteoblasts within the tumor. Those cells in the foci were apparently continuous with the surrounding stromal cells, and they were, therefore, also considered to be neoplastic. These findings strongly indicate that the stromal cells originate from the undifferentiated mesenchymal cells in the bone marrow and may differentiate to osteoblastic, fibroblastic, and histiocytic cells. All cells of these three series were not stained for a high stable form of acid phosphatase (SAPhase). SAPhase activity was demonstrated only in osteoclast-like giant cells and some mononuclear cells, which are recently believed to be non-neoplastic. Therefore, the cell atypia of SAPhase negative stromal cells is considered to have a prognostic value.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Bone Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Giant Cell Tumors; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Staining and Labeling

In seven patients with undifferentiated carcinoma of the prostate, the immunohistochemical stain for prostate-specific antigen was negative. The stain for prostatic acid phosphatase done on the same tissue samples was diffusely positive in three, focally positive in three, and negative in one. Only the three with diffusely positive immunostaining had elevated serum acid phosphatase levels, although five had evidence of metastatic disease. All seven neoplasms were histologically similar, being composed of large cells with large nuclei, a moderate amount of cytoplasm, and indistinct cell borders. All tumors grew as broad sheets within the prostatic stroma as well as in the prostatic urethra; in six cases. Thus, prostatic carcinoma with this histologic pattern frequently loses prostate-specific antigen immunoreactivity. Awareness of this occurrence should prevent a misdiagnosis of urothelial carcinoma in such cases. The prostatic origin of these neoplasms can usually be verified by prostatic acid phosphatase immunostaining, which proves to be more sensitive in this particular setting.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antigens; Carcinoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunochemistry; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Urethral Neoplasms

A series of human multinucleate giant cells (MGCs) of the endocytotic type were studied using enzyme histochemical methods for dehydrogenases, glycosidases, phosphatases, and peptidases. Several enzyme patterns were found. The subgroup of MGCs associated with inflammatory granulomatous processes (sarcoidosis, granulomatous myositis, familial granulomatosis, lymphogranuloma, granulomatous cholangitis) was characterized by high activities of nonspecific esterase (NE) and tartrate-sensitive acid phosphatase (AcPase-Ts). There was no detectable activity of peptidases or tartrate-resistant isoenzyme of acid phosphatase (AcPase-Tr). This enzyme equipment was indistinguishable from that in mononuclear precursors in the granulomas. The other MGCs of the series displayed enzyme patterns substantially different from their monocytic precursors (blood monocytes and Langerhans cells). The subgroup of foreign body associated MGCs (resorption of fat, keratin, and suture material) was characterized by high activities of NE, AcPase-Tr, and greatly variable activities of both peptidases studied. The latter lacked predilection for certain subcellular regions. The subgroup of osteoclasts and so-called giant cell tumours (osteoclastoma, giant cell tumour of soft parts, giant cell epulis of peripheral, and central types) displayed very low activity of NE, high activity of AcPase-Tr, and strong activities of peptidases. The latter were localized near the surface membrane of the polykarya. MGCs in histiocytosis X (HX) differed from the previous group by higher values of NE in average. All MGC types had common denominator in the absence of alkaline phosphatase activity, on average intense dehydrogenase activities, mostly low beta-glucuronidase and highly variable alpha-mannosidase activities. The enzyme pattern heterogeneity is discussed with regard to the phenomenon of enzyme induction and depression occurring in course of polykaryon production. The variability of phenomenon may reflect reactive adaptation to varying functional demands imposed on MGCs under different conditions.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Carboxylesterase; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Carcinoma; CD13 Antigens; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases; Endocytosis; Granuloma; Humans; Inflammation; Isoenzymes; Osteoclasts

The biosynthesis of distinct prostatic and lysosomal acid phosphatases is demonstrated using a human prostatic carcinoma cell line, PC-3SF12. The biosynthesis and maturation of the acid phosphatases was studied by metabolic labeling with radioactive leucine, specific immunoprecipitation, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and fluorography. Of the tartrate-inhibitable acid phosphatase activity in PC-3SF12 cells, 60% is lysosomal and 10% is prostatic. The lysosomal-type acid phosphatase is synthesized as precursor with a molecular weight of 68,000, some of which is converted to higher-molecular-weight precursor polypeptides (Mr 71,000 and 77,000). The multiple forms of the precursors are due to differences in the carbohydrate chains on the enzyme because biosynthesis in the presence of tunicamycin eliminates the precursor multiplicity. The initial precursor (Mr 68,000) is processed to a mature polypeptide (Mr 49,000), via intermediates with molecular weights of 62,000 and 59,000. The mature polypeptide is degraded to smaller polypeptides with molecular weights of 30,000, 28,000, and 25,000. Precursor polypeptides of the lysosomal-type enzyme are secreted in the medium. Prostatic acid phosphatase is synthesized as a precursor with a molecular weight of 110,000, which is processed via several intermediates (Mr 99,000-93,000, 77,000, and 55,000) to a mature polypeptide with a molecular weight of 49,000. Particularly during cell homogenization, or lysis, the mature polypeptide is rapidly degraded to an immunoprecipitable polypeptide with a molecular weight of 20,000. None of these polypeptides is secreted in detectable amounts into the medium. Precursors and mature and smaller polypeptides are present in human prostate extract and seminal fluid. Proteolytic degradation of prostatic acid phosphatases in cells and tissues is probably catalyzed by a plasmin-like or related trypsin-like enzyme because degradation of the mature prostatic phosphatase polypeptide is completely prevented by addition of the plasmin inhibitor bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. Prostatic- and lysosomal-type acid phosphatases are eventually stored at least in part in two different types of cell organelles. Testosterone does not influence the biosynthesis and secretion of either acid phosphatase in this cell line.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Cell Compartmentation; Cell Line; Fibrinolysin; Humans; Immunologic Techniques; Lysosomes; Male; Molecular Weight; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Semen; Testosterone; Trypsin Inhibitors; Tunicamycin

Various approaches to hormonal treatment of prostate carcinoma are discussed. Eighty-one patients with prostatic carcinoma, eight with stage B, nine with stage C, and 64 with stage D disease, were treated subcutaneously daily for 3 months with the LH-RH agonist D-Trp-6-LH-RH (Decapeptyl) in order to evaluate the incidence of remissions according to WHO recommendations for oncologic trials. The findings were compared to those obtained with other hormonal therapies of prostatic carcinoma according to the statistical method of "expected response rate" as adapted by Lee and Wesley for phase II trials. Treatment with D-Trp-6-LH-RH greatly reduced serum LH and testosterone levels without raising serum prolactin. After 1-2 weeks of therapy, there was relief of subjective symptoms and a reversal of the signs of prostatism as well as a marked decrease in bone pain. At 90 days 52 patients had complete relief of prostatism and 21 had only mild signs and symptoms. Seventy patients were experiencing no bone pain and an additional six had only mild pain. Prostatic size, evaluated by rectal examination and transabdominal ultrasonography, reverted to normal in 26.4% of patients (complete remission) and was reduced by more than 50% in an additional 17.6% (partial remission), the overall rate of complete plus partial regression of prostatic enlargement being 44%. Scans showed a major improvement of bone lesions in 14.8% of cases. This response increased to 37% after more than 6 months of follow-up. Prostatic acid phosphatase levels were decreased by more than 50% in 61% of the patients, but this test appears to be a less valid marker than the lipid-associated sialic acid (LASA). The increase in LASA before treatment and a reduction after treatment can frequently be correlated with the objective volume of the neoplasms. No flare-up of the disease was encountered, and there were no side effects except for impotence. Statistical analyses of results by the method of Lee and Wesley indicated that the incidence of complete and partial regression (CR and PR) observed with D-Trp-6-LH-RH was not significantly different from that recorded in previous studies for another LH-RH analog, Buserelin. However, CR and PR obtained with D-Trp-6-LH-RH (44%) were significantly higher than with subcapsular orchiectomy (22%). Hormonal effects and some other actions of D-Trp-6-LH-RH were compared and contrasted with those produced by castration, estrogens, antiandrogens, and progestogens.(ABSTRACT

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Evaluation; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Humans; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Middle Aged; Prostatic Neoplasms; Testosterone; Triptorelin Pamoate

We describe the ultrastructure of various types of gastric carcinoma cells as well as their histochemical properties as visualized at the electron-microscope level. The histochemical properties of tumour cells were compared with those of homologous normal epithelial cells. The localization and activity of ATPase, IDPase, acidic phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase as well as of the oxidoreductases (cytochrome oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase and NADH-dehydrogenase) were studied. Our findings demonstrated that, in tumour cells, a complicated process of structural-functional restructuring takes place. It seems that a number of ultracytochemical properties may be preserved or may disappear altogether; also, such properties may become enhanced or weaker. This heterogeneity of the histochemical properties of tumour cells is discussed with regard to the role of the stem (polypotent) cell in the process of the histogenesis (cytogenesis) of human gastric carcinomas.

Topics: Acid Anhydride Hydrolases; Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Cell Differentiation; Duodenum; Gastric Mucosa; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Oxidoreductases; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Stomach Neoplasms

Human prostatic acid phosphatase isoenzyme 2 (HPAcP-2) was isolated from semen. This purified enzyme was immunized to rabbit to produce polyclonal antibodies. The specificity of the antibodies was tested by Western blot transfer method. Rabbit IgG-peroxidase conjugate was prepared from the antiserum and used to localize HPAcP-2 in prostatic carcinoma. It was found that in the tumor glandular acinus the normal basal cells were replaced by tumor cells containing reaction product. In the tumor cells, the reaction product was seen in the cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus. The secretory vesicles which contained reaction product-stained granules and some amorphous material were seen to fuse with the apical plasma membrane and discharged their content into the glandular lumen. On the other hand, some secretory vesicles in the tumor cells facing to the basement membrane also discharged their similar content into the extracellular spaces. Reaction product-stained granules were found in the interstitial spaces surrounding the tumor cells. These findings suggest that HPAcP-2 is synthesized on the bound ribosomes and discharged into the cisternae of rough ER. The molecules are transported to the Golgi cisternae. After concentration and packaging, HPAcP-2 molecules are then transferred to the secretory vesicles, and discharged into the glandular lumen and to the extracellular spaces. The isoenzyme released in the extracellular space may reach the blood stream through the interstitial spaces or the lymphatic system, resulting in the elevation of serum HPAcPase level in some prostatic cancer patients.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Humans; Immunochemistry; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms

An immunoperoxidase study in 19 patients with cancer of prostate, using antiserums directed against prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and prostate specific antigen (PSA), allowed classification of tumors as strongly, moderately and poorly differentiated, and undifferentiated forms. Tests were conducted on specimens fixed and embedded in paraffin wax. Evaluation of degree of positivity for cells most marked by PAP and by PSA failed to establish its correlation with tumoral differentiation. Results, in fact, showed that poorly differentiated or undifferentiated forms of prostatic carcinoma contained cells with enhanced positive reactions when compared with strongly differentiated forms. Morphologically strongly differentiated forms showed weaker positivity than observed in normal prostate, this positivity being relatively homogeneous throughout the zone of proliferation, and cells varied little in their degree of positivity. Characteristic findings in less well differentiated forms were several strongly positive cells, with marked differences in positivity between cells and frequent alternating positive and negative zones. These findings may be of particular interest for diagnostic interpretation of strongly or poorly differentiated forms.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Anaplasia; Animals; Antigens, Neoplasm; Carcinoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Immune Sera; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Rabbits

Twenty medullary carcinomas of the thyroid gland were examined for the presence of immunoreactive calcitonin, thyroglobulin, glucagon, keratin, gastrin/CCK, carcinoembryonic antibody (CEA), insulin, serotonin, adreno-corticotropic hormone (ACTH), prostatic acid phosphatase, and somatostatin using the immunoperoxidase peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. In addition, they were stained with mucicarmine, alcian blue/periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), Grimelius, Congo red, crystal violet, and Fontana-Masson stains. Calcitonin-immunoreactive cells were absent in one tumor and present in 19 tumors (95%). Thyroglobulin was present in seven tumors (35%). Twenty tumors contained CEA-immunoreactive cells (100%). Fourteen cases were immunoreactive to serotonin (70%) and 12 were positive for somatostatin (60%). Glucagon- and gastrin/CCK-immunoreactive cells were found in two cases each (10%). Four tumors (20%) contained ACTH-immunoreactive cells and three cases (15%) were positive for prostatic acid phosphatase. Five cases (25%) contained keratin-immunoreactive cells. One case was immunoreactive to insulin (5%). Grimelius-positive cells were present in 19 of the cases (95%). Mucin-containing cells were present in 65% of the cases. The validity of the immunocytochemical localizations was tested by specific absorption of each antibody with the corresponding antigen. The demonstration of immunoreactivity for multiple antigens in each of the 20 cases suggests that the origin of medullary thyroid carcinomas is from a neuroendocrine cell potentially capable of producing numerous hormone substances. In addition, as the neoplastic cells in 35% of the tumors contained hormonal substances as well as thyroglobulin, it is suggested that papillary or follicular tumors mixed with a neuroendocrine component exist more commonly than previously suspected. Finally, psammoma bodies might be present in pure medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Aged; Calcitonin; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Carcinoma; Female; Gastrins; Glucagon; Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Middle Aged; Mitosis; Serotonin; Somatostatin; Staining and Labeling; Thyroglobulin; Thyroid Neoplasms

Prostate acid phosphatase (PAP), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and keratin were determined immunohistochemically in paraffin sections from 64 prostatic carcinomas fixed in formalin according to the conventional method. The results obtained with PSA led to the correct diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma in 90.7% of the cases. 80.3% of the diagnoses obtained with PAP were correct. The intensity of the staining of the marker decreased with increasing differentiation. 3 utricular carcinomas were positive for PAP and PSA. CEA and keratin may be considered unspecific tumor markers only. However, metaplastic squamous epithelium from poorly differentiated carcinomas was always positive for keratin. PAP and PSA are also suitable for differentiating between tumors of prostatic and nonprostatic origin and could thus be successfully used to determine immunohistochemically the histogenesis of 15 invasive, poorly differentiated carcinomas of the prostate and bladder. PSA again proved to be a more specific epithelial marker than PAP.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Antigens, Neoplasm; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Carcinoma; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Keratins; Male; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Male; NADH Tetrazolium Reductase; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms

In 33 patients with lung cancer (6 women and 27 men, aged at average 61.2 years) the activity and intracellular localization of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in peripheral blood lymphocytes were determined by means of semiquantitative cytochemical methods. In comparison to the control group of healthy subjects, the patients with lung cancer showed increased counts of acid phosphatase-positive lymphocytes with granular-diffuse cytochemical reaction, increased counts of beta-glucuronidase-positive lymphocytes with solely granular type of reaction and increased numbers of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase-positive cells showing the granular, granular-diffuse and diffuse type of reaction. The total count of beta-glucuronidase-positive and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase-positive lymphocytes was significantly elevated in these patients. The authors discuss the significance of their observations for evaluating lymphocyte response in patients with lung cancer.

Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Glucuronidase; Hexosaminidases; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphocytes; Male; Middle Aged

This research report studies several biochemical and histochemical aspects of cervical carcinoma and explores their use in follow-up of patients undergoing radiotherapy. Material came from 19 patients with invasive cervical carcinoma admitted to Kenyatta National Hospital. A control group consisted of 20 women matched for age who attended clinics at the hospital but were not suffering from any malignant disease; control tissue for histological examination was obtained from 3 women who had undergone hysterectomy for uterine fibroids. Biochemical assays for alkaline and acid phosphatases in patients with cervical carcinoma show an increase in alkaline phosphatase in carcinomatous tissue (35.7 umoles/hr/mg) as opposed to normal tissue (7.2). Acid phosphatase values were only moderately raised. Assays of the same enzymes in blood showed a less marked difference between patients and controls (ranges of 7.5-20.8 and 3-14, respectively). When examined histochemically, increased alkaline phosphatase activity was observed in connective tissue, epithelium of the glands and blood capillaries of tumor tissue. 1 section containing normal tissue bordering carcinomatous tissue demonstrated normal alkaline phosphatase activity in the normal tissue and increased activity in the tumor tissue. In summary, there is increased enzyme activity around the tumor areas, but values for serum levels show an overlap of normal and abnormal cases and are therefore not predictive. Results demonstrate a clear difference in activities of these enzymes in carcinomatous tissue and normal tissue, which may be of value in follow-up care.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphate; Alkaline Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Kenya; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Metastases of 47 known prostatic carcinomas were subjected to the unlabelled immunoperoxidase-procedure to localise prostaticacid-phosphatase (PAP) and prostatic-specific antigen (PSA). In bone-marrow, lymph-node, lung and liver metastases PAP was found in 64% and PSA in 78%. There was no significant difference between the intensity of staining in primary and metastatic neoplasm. In poorly differentiated metastases of prostatic adenocarcinomas less intense staining for PAP and PSA was found. The data suggest that the demonstration of PAP and PSA is a practical and sensitive test for the prostatic origin of a clinically and histologically unclassifiable metastasis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antigens, Neoplasm; Carcinoma; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Liver Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Carcinoma; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Female; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Isoenzymes; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Staging; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms

Immunoperoxidase staining for prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) help to identify patients with prostatic carcinoma presenting as metastatic disease from an occult primary source. To clarify further the reliability of these prostatic tissue antigens, we have examined the primary tumor and metastatic sites in 16 autopsy cases. Eleven of these had diffusely positive findings for PSA and PAP in the primary and all metastatic sites, and 1 case lacked both antigens in all locations. Four cases demonstrated variability between these antigens and among various sites. Prostatic primary lesions contained PAP and PSA in 13 (81%) and 12 (75%) cases, respectively. The most reliable metastatic sites were lymph nodes, seminal vesicles, lung, bone, and kidney; while liver, adrenal, and colorectal sites were less reliable. No relationship existed between serum PAP levels and tissue detectability of PAP. The use of both PAP and PSA increases the likelihood of properly identifying the prostate as the organ of origin of metastatic disease. In spite of the use of both markers, however, three primary lesions would have been misdiagnosed, and 1 case lacked both antigens in all metastatic sites as well. In poorly differentiated lesions, the lack of both antigens does not unequivocally eliminate the possibility of prostatic carcinoma.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antigens, Neoplasm; Carcinoma; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms

Conventional antibodies against prostatic acid phosphatase, labeled with iodine-131, have been administered to patients with prostatic carcinoma for the external scintigraphic imaging of tumors containing prostatic acid phosphatase (radioimmunodetection). The method has been found to be safe and reliable for imaging of primary tumors and non-bone metastases, even differentiating between lung tumors of prostatic and pulmonary origin.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Antibodies; Bone Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Goats; Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Isotope Labeling; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Rabbits; Radionuclide Imaging; Serum Albumin; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m; Technetium; Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin

Four hundred thirty-six patients with carcinoma of the prostate had lymphangiography (LAG) as part of their initial evaluation before treatment. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of abnormal opacified lymph nodes was performed routinely. The positivity rate of LAG and FNAB in each clinical stage was compared with the positivity rate predicted for that stage, based on published series of patients with carcinoma of the prostate who underwent pelvic lymph node dissection (LND). Within each clinical stage, the relation of the outcome of LAG/FNAB to histologic tumor grade (Gleason score) and serum acid phosphatase levels was evaluated. LAG/FNAB was of very limited value in patients with less than clinical stage C disease and of no value in patients with a Gleason score of less than 6. Although LAG/FNAB is insensitive even in clinical stage C disease, a positive result will avoid the morbidity and expense of a staging LND and allow confident selection of appropriate treatment. A negative LAG/FNAB, on the other hand, is meaningless, because of the high false-negative rate of LAG. Since no two study populations are exactly alike, any evaluation or comparison of tests used to stage patients with carcinoma of the prostate should state the distribution of its patients by clinical stage.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Biopsy, Needle; Carcinoma; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Humans; Lymph Node Excision; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Metastasis; Lymphography; Male; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Prostatic Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; Male; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms

Acid phosphatase activity biochemically in the primary tumor of 20 patients with prostatic carcinoma, was studied in an attempt to understand the basis for a correlation or lack of correlation between serum and/or bone marrow acid phosphatase levels and the presence and/or clinical behavior of prostatic carcinoma. The enzyme activity was similarly measured in 19 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia as controls. On the average, enzyme activities were lower (P less than 0.002) in the tissues from patients with carcinoma. There was no correlation of enzyme activity in tumor with the age of the patient, stage of disease, degree of differentiation of the tumor, or serum acid phosphatase activity.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Age Factors; Aged; Carcinoma; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms

We report 2 cases of primary prostatic carcinoma with subsequent carcinomatous lesions in the breast. Prostatic origin of these carcinomas was confirmed by immunocytochemical demonstration of prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate specific antigen within paraffin sections. Previously, only 20 cases of prostatic carcinoma metastatic to the breast have been reported in the literature. In most of these cases the designation of the breast lesion as prostatic carcinoma has been made on morphologic and clinical grounds only.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Antigens, Neoplasm; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms

The usefulness of a new specific immunoenzymatic assay for the prostatic acid phosphatase for diagnosis and monitoring of prostatic carcinoma has been investigated. The results include 200 healthy men without urologic anamnesis, 50 patients suffering from prostatic adenoma, and 152 patients with prostatic carcinoma. Out of 152 patients with prostatic carcinoma 110 were so-called therapy-responders and 42 were patients with progression of prostatic cancer. The immunoenzymatic assay for PAP shows good results for the separation of patients with progressive prostatic carcinoma, from those patients with a stationary prostatic cancer as well as for monitoring of prostatic carcinoma. The diagnostic value of the test has been found significantly higher than that of previous tests with different substrates. As this method allows the direct measurement of the activity of the specific prostatic acid phosphatase in U/l there is no need to run a standard-curve. It is recommended to use different "normal ranges" for patients with and without therapy. For monitoring mainly intraindividual studies are requested.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Carcinoma; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Carcinoma; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Humans; Isoenzymes; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Skin Neoplasms

Enzyme histochemical investigations of prostatic carcinoma were done by means of reference enzymes of different metabolic pathways. The results of these investigations show, that the loss of typical enzymatic design is not depending on histological grade of tumor differentiation. On the contrary each prostatic carcinoma represents a heterogenic population without any specificity. The morphological pattern alone does not allow conclusions as to degree of malignancy.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Adenofibroma; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hydrolases; L-Iditol 2-Dehydrogenase; Malate Dehydrogenase; Male; Nucleotidases; Oxidoreductases; Prostatic Neoplasms; Succinate Dehydrogenase

A carcinoma invasion system (Krebs-2 and Ehrlich tetraploid ascites tumors invading mouse peritoneum) was studied by high-voltage electron microscope (HVEM) stereoscopy, conventional (medium voltage) electron microscopy (MVEM), and cytochemistry. Tumor cells entered areas of peritoneum (mainly parietal) only where mesothelial cells were damaged and where there was inflammation of the underlying stroma. The initial invasion was different from that of most other invading carcinomas in that there was minimal breakdown of basal lamina and collagen. Neither tumor cells, inflammatory leukocytes nor peritoneal fibroblasts showed significant secondary lysosome production or release of intracellular or extracellular acid phosphatase. Morphological and cytochemical criteria suggest that in some invading carcinomas, as with non-tumor migrating cells such as leukocytes, widespread proteolysis due to diffusion of proteases is not a prerequisite for invasion of stromal connective tissue.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Ascites; Basement Membrane; Carcinoma; Collagen; Extracellular Matrix; Inflammation; Lysosomes; Mice; Peptide Hydrolases; Peritoneal Neoplasms

In a patient with an unclassifiable primary or metastatic neoplasm, with or without a history of prostatic cancer, immunostaining for PA or PSAP may prove invaluable. The procedure is simple, rapid, inexpensive, and extremely accurate in demonstrating the prostatic origin of tumors. It should be noted however, that the specificity of results is entirely dependent upon the specificity of the primary antibody, which should be meticulously defined before the procedure is used for diagnostic purposes.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antigens, Neoplasm; Bone Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Female; Humans; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radionuclide Imaging

We compared a commercial radioimmunoassay kit with an enzymatic assay for prostatic acid phosphatase in monitoring the progression or remission of disease in 27 patients with prostatic cancer. In 5 of the 18 patients whose disease progressed, and in 4 of the 9 whose disease responded to treatment, the change was reflected better by the radioimmunoassay. In no case was the enzymatic assay better. Radioimmunoassay for prostatic acid phosphatase may be an effective and sensitive way to monitor the course of carcinoma of the prostate.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Humans; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radioimmunoassay; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Age Factors; Aged; Biopsy, Needle; Carcinoma; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms

Histological grading and pathological staging are relevant factors in the prognosis of patients with prostatic cancer. Of 115 consecutive patients with carcinoma of the prostate that was staged fully before treatment 16 had stage A2 disease. Low grade neoplasms were present in 6 of these patients and evidence of nodal metastases was documented at lymphadenectomy in 2. Similarly, 4 of 35 patients with low grade stage B1 disease had nodal metastases. With the enzymatic and/or radioimmunoassay techniques for acid phosphatase determination we were unable to select those patients with nodal metastases. From these studies we believe that low grade, low stage carcinoma of the prostate retains a potential for metastatic disease and that acid phosphatase determinations are unreliable in detecting bulky regional nodal involvement.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Carcinoma; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Antigens; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Epitopes; Humans; Male; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms

The availability of a radioimmunoassay (RIA) and an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the prostate specific acid phosphatase required a study to compare these techniques with the conventional colorimetric assay. Our study is based on examinations of 188 normal persons and 136 patients with carcinoma of the prostate. The advantage of the immunologic methods - RIA and EIA - lies in their stable immunologic activity and their high specificity. However, RIA and EIA are not screening methods for incidental carcinoma because of their low sensitivity for stage-A tumors. Their good sensitivity at lower ranges of concentration makes them suitable for checking the course of a prostatic carcinoma during therapy. The level of prostatic acid phosphatase may allow conclusions about intra-or extracapsular growth of the prostatic carcinoma.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Carcinoma; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Methods; Middle Aged; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radioimmunoassay

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Biopsy; Biopsy, Needle; Carcinoma; Female; Humans; Lymph Node Excision; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Neoplasm Staging; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radioimmunoassay

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma; Castration; Humans; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radioimmunoassay

Immunoperoxidase staining of tissue for prostatic acid phosphatase has been useful in confirming the prostatic origin of metastatic deposits. This technique was used on the prostate tumors of 2 patients to differentiate between a true carcinosarcoma and a pure epithelial carcinoma with sarcomatoid changes. Positive staining for prostatic acid phosphatase in both the sarcomatoid element, as well as the area of well-differentiated carcinoma, confirmed the common epithelial cell origin of these components. Electron microscopy further confirmed these findings by demonstrating desmosomes in the sarcomatoid areas. Although each type of tumor is rare, differentiation between true carcinosarcomas and true carcinomas with sarcomatoid changes is important to elucidate further their different clinical behaviors and responses to therapy.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Carcinoma; Carcinosarcoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms; Sarcoma

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Carcinoma; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Blood; Carcinoma; Cell Line; Cell Membrane; Culture Media; Humans; Male; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; Microvilli; Prostatic Neoplasms; Tartrates

To assess whether pre-treatment prostatic androgen receptor measurements would be of value in predicting the response to hormonal therapy in patients with prostatic cancer 23 men with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate underwent prostatic biopsy before treatment. Cytosolic and nuclear prostatic androgen receptor contents were measured by a single saturating dose, dextran-charcoal assay. All patients had measurable levels of androgen receptor in prostatic tissue and all demonstrated objective evidence of improvement following hormonal therapy. Thus, if androgen receptor measurements are to be useful in predicting prognosis correlations between quantitative levels of receptor and quantitative aspects of response must be established. In our study response was quantitated by measuring the duration of response and survival following hormonal treatment. The strong correlation between duration of response and survival (p less than 0.01) demonstrated herein suggests that survival in these patients is related directly to the duration of time patients respond to hormonal therapy. Neither total cellular nor cytosolic androgen receptor content correlated with response. However, nuclear androgen receptor content correlated with the duration of response and survival following hormonal treatment (p less than 0.05). Furthermore, in patients with nuclear receptor levels less than 110 fmol. per mg. deoxyribonucleic acid the duration of response (7.1 plus or minus 3.8 months) and survival (14.4 plus or minus 5.9 months) was significantly shorter than in patients with higher levels of nuclear receptor (17.3 plus or minus 10.4 and 24.7 plus or minus 8.8 months, respectively) (p less than 0.05). These findings, which are the first report of a correlation between nuclear androgen receptor content and hormonal responsiveness, suggest that measurements of nuclear receptor may aid in identifying those patients unlikely to obtain a prolonged response from hormonal therapy.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Carcinoma; Diethylstilbestrol; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Prostatic Neoplasms; Receptors, Androgen; Receptors, Steroid

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Staging; Prostatic Neoplasms; Ultrasonics

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Antigens, Neoplasm; Carcinoma; Humans; Leukocyte Adherence Inhibition Test; Leukocytes; Male; Prostaglandins E; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms

A prospective study compared five different assays for serum prostatic acid phosphatase in the detection of carcinoma of the prostate gland. The assays included two radioimmunoassay procedures, one counterimmunoelectrophoresis procedure, and an enzymatic procedure using alpha-naphthol phosphate substrate with and without sodium tartrate inhibition. The patients' hospital records were reviewed, as were all available surgical histology slides. The patients were divided into four groups: prostatic carcinoma, benign prostatic hypertrophy, other carcinomas (besides prostatic carcinoma), and no related disease states (that would be expected to give elevated acid phosphatase levels). The results were analyzed with respect to sensitivity, specificity, predictive value of a positive result, predictive value of a negative result, and efficiency of the assays.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Carcinoma; Colonic Neoplasms; Counterimmunoelectrophoresis; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Prospective Studies; Prostate; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radioimmunoassay; Stomach Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Body Fluids; Carcinoma; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Polyamines; Prostate; Prostatic Diseases; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Proteins

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Carcinoma; Endotoxins; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphocytes; Male; Mycobacterium bovis; Neoplasm Proteins; Neoplasms, Experimental; Oligomycins; Propionibacterium acnes; Rats; Sarcoma, Yoshida; Spleen

A simplified immunohistochemical method was developed to identify prostatic cells in paraffin sections for the diagnosis of primary or metastatic prostatic carcinoma. By incubating each section with a specific antiserum, followed by incubation with a specific acid phosphatase isoenzyme of the prostate, the antibody binding site is visualized by staining for acid phosphatase activity in the glandular epithelial cells of the prostate and in the metastatic prostate carcinoma cells that involve the lymph node. The present method is simpler and more specific than the previously described indirect immunoperoxidase method.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antibodies; Binding, Competitive; Carcinoma; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms

The unlabeled immunoperoxidase technique and antibody to human prostatic acid phosphatase was used to study a variety of normal and neoplastic tissues. The technique was found to be a useful adjunct in the differential diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma versus transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and rectal adenocarcinoma, but was not entirely specific, as cross-reactivity with rectal carcinoid tumors was documented. This study emphasizes the importance of controlled testing of these antibodies by pathology laboratories using immunoperoxidase techniques to assure accurate surgical pathologic diagnosis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms

Activity of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase was investigated cytochemically in neutrophils from peripheral blood of 22 untreated patients with gastric cancer, 8 patients with cancer of large intestine and in 40 healthy individuals. Differences in the activity of enzymes studied were demonstrated between patients at different clinical stages of cancer advancement, as well as between cancer patients and healthy subjects. Most significant changes were observed in patients with initial (1st stage) cancer, as compared with the control group, including decrease of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase activity, accompanied by an enhanced N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activity. The possible mechanism of these changes is discussed.

Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Aged; Carcinoma; Colonic Neoplasms; Female; Glucuronidase; Humans; Lysosomes; Male; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Stomach Neoplasms

An immunoperoxidase technic was used to localize prostatic acid phosphatase in a variety of primary and metastatic neoplasms. The aim was to explore the histogenesis of tumors affecting the prostate gland and to demonstrate the prostatic origin of metastases in various sites. A highly specific antiserum to prostatic acid phosphatase was raised in rabbits, and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase procedure was carried out on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded routine pathology material. All specimens from the 37 cases of known primary and metastatic prostatic carcinomas stained positively for prostatic acid phosphatase, regardless of their histologic differentiation. None of the specimens from the 44 cases of proven nonprostatic primary and metastatic tumors stained positively for prostatic specific acid phosphatase. The data suggest that demonstration of prostatic acid phosphatase by the immunoperoxidase technic is a practical, sensitive, and specific test for the prostatic origin of an otherwise unclassifiable primary or metastatic neoplasm.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Marrow; Carcinoma; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Colorimetry; Humans; Male; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radioimmunoassay

A series of estradiol and diethylstilbestrol (DES) esters was prepared as part of a study of the structure-activity relations in estrogens. Among the esters tested, DES di-trimethylacetate (DSTMA) exhibited the most favorable combination of a low minimum-effective dose and prolongation of effect in all experimental groups (mice, rats, dogs). Toxicity of DSTMA was low. A clinical trial in four stage III and stage IV prostatic cancer patients showed that dosage levels of DSTMA as high as 75 mg per day for short periods were well tolerated and no toxic symptoms attributable to the estrogen itself were observed.

Topics: Acetates; Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma; Diethylstilbestrol; Dogs; Esters; Estradiol; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prostatic Neoplasms; Rats; Structure-Activity Relationship

Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Carcinoma; Glucuronidase; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Lymphocytes; Male; Middle Aged

Lysosomal enzymes were elevated about two-fold in primary s.c. Lewis lung carcinoma as compared with metastatic nodules in the lung. In a time course experiment, a general two-fold elevation of acid phosphatase and several glycosidases was observed in the primary tumor between the 14th and 17th postimplant day following s.c. inoculation of Lewis lung carcinoma. This increase in hydrolytic enzyme activity was not due to necrosis in the primary tumor since a comparison of enzyme activities in the nonnecrotic and necrotic areas demonstrated much higher activities in the nonnecrotic areas. No increases in lysosomal enzyme activity were observed with time in Sarcoma 180, a tumor which does not metastasize. There was no change with time in primary Lewis lung tumor lactate dehydrogenase activity while a 7-fold increase in serum lactate dehydrogenase activity was observed in tumor-bearing mice. Mitochondrial succinate-2-(p-iodophenyl)-3-(p-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyltetrazolium reductase levels fell in the primary Lewis lung tumor as the tumor size increased. A positive correlation was observed between the time of the elevations of tumor lysosomal enzymes in Lewis lung carcinoma and the appearance of micro- and macrometastatic lesions in the lungs. The mechanisms accounting for the increased intratumoral lysosomal enzymes are unknown, but they may be related to macrophage infiltration or other tumor-host interactions which may facilitate the dissemination of tumor cells.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma; Female; Glycoside Hydrolases; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lung Neoplasms; Lysosomes; Mice; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Transplantation; Oxidoreductases; Sarcoma, Experimental; Time Factors

Prostatic acid phosphatase from human seminal fluid was purified to homogeneity. The enzyme was characterized as to its purity, molecular weight and amino acid composition. Analytical isoelectric focusing of purified enzyme on polyacrylamide gels resolved the enzyme activity into eleven discrete bands, apparently due to various amounts of sialic acid associated with the glycoprotein. Antisera raised against the purified enzyme produced only one precipitan arc on immunoelectrophoresis. A double antibody radioimmune assay was developed and used to evaluate serum prostatic acid phosphatase in 226 patients without prostatic disease, in 186 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and in 93 patients with prostatic carcinoma. No statistical difference was noted in serum prostatic acid phosphatase between patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and in those without prostatic disease Serum prostatic acid phosphatase was elevated in 94% of the patients with metastatic prostatic carcinoma. Significant elevations were also found in carcinoma patients without metastases.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Amino Acids; Carcinoma; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; Molecular Weight; Prostate; Prostatic Diseases; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radioimmunoassay; Semen

In a primary material of 314 epithelial parotid tumours treated at the University Hospital in Umeå since 1958, fiften (11 female and 4 male patients) were classified as acinic cell carcinomas. Four of the female patients were in the age range 16--19 years. At the ultrastructural level, granulated cells were the predominant cell type in four tumours studied. Agranulated cells highly reminiscent of intercalated duct cells were also encountered, however. Various cytochemical techniques were employed to demonstrate periodate reactive carbohydrates and acid phosphatase activity. Tumour specimens were also collected and analysed for their content of amylase and cyclic AMP. The cyto- and biochemical findings are discussed and correlated to those observed in normal salivary gland tissue.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amylases; Biopsy, Needle; Carcinoma; Cyclic AMP; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Organoids; Parotid Neoplasms; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prognosis; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiotherapy Dosage; Radiotherapy, High-Energy

In 25 patients with carcinoma of the prostate (CaP) T3 and in a comparative group of 18 patients with BPH the serum enzymes of AP, tartrate labile AP, LDH, and iso-LDH were investigated simultaneously in basal conditions and after standardized transrectal prostatic biopsy. AP, PAP as well as LDH were shown to be of small diagnostic aid. The reaction of serum enzyme levels following the standardized prostatic biopsy was the same in both CaP and BPH patients. In studying LDH-isoenzymes, we found that the third fraction was elevated in almost all patients. This change is apparently not of prostatic origin, and we could not attribute it to the concomitant diseases found in some patients.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Humans; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms

In 26 patients with carcinoma of the prostate (CaP) the histochemical and histological characteristics of the tumour were compared with the clinical course in both untreated patients and in those receiving hormonal therapy. In the control group 16 patients with BPH were examined in the same way. It was found that histological types of CaP cannot be identified by grading. Higher frequency of very strong LDH activity in CaP was the only distinction against BPH.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Estradiol; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; NADH Tetrazolium Reductase; Organophosphorus Compounds; Prostatic Neoplasms

Patients with benign hyperplasia of the prostate and with anaplastic carcinoma have similar activities in their cells in staining for acid phosphatase. After therapy with estrogens the acid phosphatase is significantly inhibited, leucin amino peptidase and succinate dehydrogenase appear to be reactivated in the cells of anaplastic carcinoma. Serum TSH is decreased distinctly, serum levels of LH and prolactin are significantly elevated especially in patients with anaplastic carcinoma of the prostate in comparison to that of patients with treated benign hyperplasia.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; C-Peptide; Carcinoma; Enzymes; Estrogens; Fibrinolysin; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Hormones; Humans; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Prolactin; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Thyrotropin

Immunopotentiated rats, which were injected with Propionibacterium acnes or BCG, had the 50% survival twice as long as those in untreated controls after intravenous inoculation of Sato lung carcinoma (SLC) cells. The amount of labeled tumor cells in the lung of the adjuvant-treated rats decreased significantly in the first 20 hr after intravenous injection of 51Cr-labeled tumor cells compared to that of control animals. The elevated activities of ATPase and acid phosphatase in the whole nucleated spleen cells as well as spleen lymphocytes separated by Ficoll-Conray gradient were also demonstrated in adjuvant-treated groups. These data suggested that the elevation of ATPase and acid phosphatase activities in nucleated spleen cells as well as spleen lymphocytes has an important role for the suppression of tumor growth in adjuvant-treated rats.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Animals; BCG Vaccine; Carcinoma; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphocytes; Male; Mycobacterium bovis; Neoplasms, Experimental; Propionibacterium acnes; Rats; Spleen

A series of blood samples from more than 200 histologically confirmed Chinese patients with NPC in Singapore were typed for 25 genetically controlled red-cell enzyme and five serum protein systems. A comparable number of patients suspected of having NPC but histologically negative and a series of healthy unrelated Chinese were typed for the same systems. The gene frequencies of NPC patients and controls differed by 4% or more in four of the 11 systems that showed variation; a further system, G6PD deficiency, also showed a significant difference between the two series but was excluded because of possible unreliability of the results from patients. Smaller differences existed in several other systems, including chromosome 6 markers closely linked to HLA. An analysis of differences within dialect groups showed a consistent effect for PGD, but for red-cell acid phosphatase there was a reversal of the difference between patients and controls among the Cantonese. These results need a larger series to confirm their validity. A breakdown of patients into those 30 years of age or older and those under 30 slightly enhanced the differences in gene frequencies. A multivariate analysis, using genetic distance statistics, showed a significant difference between NPC patients and controls, which is evident also when they are compared in the separate dialect groups. The histologically negative patients occupied an intermediate position. The study indicates that etiological factors resulting in clinically and histologically confirmed NPC operate on a genetically distinct subpopulation of Chinese in Singapore.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Carcinoma; Child; China; Chromosome Mapping; Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X; Erythrocytes; Gene Frequency; Genes; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Humans; Middle Aged; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Phenotype; Risk; Singapore

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bronchial Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pancreas; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Tartrates

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Female; Humans; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Female; Humans; India; Male; Middle Aged

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Antigens; Autoantibodies; Body Fluids; Carcinoma; Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic; Freezing; gamma-Globulins; Goats; History, 19th Century; Humans; Immune Sera; Immunity, Cellular; Immunodiffusion; Male; Precipitin Tests; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Rabbits; Semen; Seminal Vesicles

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous; Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Carcinoma; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase; Electron Transport Complex IV; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; Humans; Hydrolases; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Oxidoreductases; Stomach Neoplasms; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidoreductases

A case of hypophosphataemic osteomalacia occurring in association with a carcinoma of prostate is described. Although only palliative treatment to the primary tumour was possible, worthwhile remission of bone symptoms, due to osteomalacia, was achieved with pharmacological doses of vitamin D. The presence of extensive skeletal metastases modified the radiological features of osteomalacia. Major alterations in the distribution of calcium within the skeleton were observed during a period when total body calcium remained unaltered. This observation may be of relevance to other cases in which osteosclerotic metastases develop.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Body Weight; Bone and Bones; Bone Neoplasms; Calcium; Carcinoma; Ergocalciferols; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Osteomalacia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiography; Vitamin D

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Carcinoma; Cryosurgery; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Prostatic Neoplasms; Rectal Fistula; Urinary Fistula; Urinary Incontinence, Stress; Urination Disorders

Serum acid phosphatase activity, urinary total cholesterol, and ratio of deoxy to oxy urinary 17-ketosteroids were measured in a group of 42 patients with prostatic carcinoma and in a group of 14 age-matched normal healthy individuals. Our purpose was to evaluate whether or not the simultaneous determinations of these tests would increase the rate of detection obtained by the single assay alone. The results of single assay revealed for the following detection rate: 67 per cent (28 of 42 patients) for serum acid phosphatase, 62 per cent for urinary total cholesterol, and 22 per cent for ratio of 17-ketosteroids. A significant increase of detection rate was observed when simultaneous determinations of two assays were performed; 86 per cent for serum acid phosphatase activity and total urinary cholesterol; 74 per cent for serum acid phosphatase and ratio of 17-ketosteroids; and 74 per cent for total urinary cholesterol and ratio of 17-ketosteroids. A detection rate of 88 per cent (37 of 42 patients) was obtained as all three assays were analyzed, though it was not significantly different from a ratio of 86 per cent for simultaneous assays of acid phosphatase and total cholesterol. It was concluded that simultaneous determinations of serum acid phosphatase activity, urinary total cholesterol, and androgens are of values in diagnosis for patients with prostatic neoplasia.

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Androgens; Carcinoma; Cholesterol; Humans; Ketosteroids; Male; Middle Aged; Prostatic Neoplasms

Histochemical studies of human breast tumors were performed with particular emphasis on the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AIP), acid phosphatase (AcP) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH). Enzyme activities in benign and malignant lesions were compared. AIP was prominent in normal mammary epithelium, limited to the myoepithelial layer in benign tumors and was absent in cords of malignant cells. AcP activity was faintly detected in normal mammary epithelium, increased in canalicular epithelium of fibroadenomas and was marked in malignant cells. G6PDH exhibited marked activity in neoplastic epithelium and the stroma of nearly all carcinomas studied, whereas in benign tumors, G6PDH activity was strictly limited to the connective tissue. The study suggests a strong correlation between G6PDH activity and malignancy. The different results obtained by various workers in this field are critically reviewed, and discussed in the light of the results of the present study.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenofibroma; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Biopsy; Breast; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Epithelial Cells; Epithelium; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lactation; Middle Aged; Pregnancy

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Autopsy; Biopsy, Needle; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Diagnostic Errors; Humans; Male; Methods; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Rectum

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Calcitonin; Carcinoma; Cholinesterases; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; Histocytochemistry; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Microscopy, Electron; Monoamine Oxidase; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Rats; Rodent Diseases; Staining and Labeling; Thyroid Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Basosquamous; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Esterases; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lung Neoplasms; Malate Dehydrogenase; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Nucleotidases; Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Esterases; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Monoamine Oxidase; Multiple Myeloma; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neuroblastoma; Plasmacytoma; Sarcoma, Ewing

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Animals; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Carcinoma; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Histocytochemistry; Histological Techniques; Hot Temperature; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Lipid Metabolism; Macrophages; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Oxidoreductases

Elevated levels of glycoprotein:sialyltransferase activity (EC 2.4.99.1; CMP-N-acetylneuraminate: D-galactosyl-glycoprotein N-acetylneuraminyltransferase) were found in human malignant neoplastic tissues compared to normal, benign, and "preneoplastic" tissues. This increase was not due to the cell density of the tissue. Elevated levels of certain proteases and glycosidases were also found. The increase in transferase activity may be associated with altered membrane synthesis in the neoplastic state; changes in the activity of degradative enzymes may be associated with tumor invasiveness and maintenance of the neoplastic state. Measurements on human tumors are possibly more directly relevant to cancer than those described for transformed fibroblastic cells in vitro.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Colonic Neoplasms; Female; Fucose; Galactosamine; Galactosidases; Glycoproteins; Glycoside Hydrolases; Hexosaminidases; Humans; Mannose; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neuraminic Acids; Neuraminidase; Peptide Hydrolases; Teratoma; Transferases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenoma; Carcinoma; Cytoplasm; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Iodides; Iodine Radioisotopes; Microscopy, Electron; Mitochondria; Peroxidases; Subcellular Fractions; Thyroglobulin; Thyroid Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Humans; Male; Methods; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Marrow; Carcinoma; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Time Factors

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Antibodies, Neoplasm; Antigens, Neoplasm; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Cell Line; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Infant; Leukemia; Lung Neoplasms; Lysosomes; Male; Melanoma; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Osteosarcoma; Rats; Sarcoma; Sex Factors; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Administration, Oral; Carcinoma; Castration; Diethylstilbestrol; Drug Therapy, Combination; Estradiol; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Male; Prognosis; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Biopsy; Carcinoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Granuloma; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Prostatitis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Antibody Specificity; Antigens; Carcinoma; Cattle; Haplorhini; Humans; Immunodiffusion; Kidney; Liver; Male; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Rabbits; Radioimmunoassay; Species Specificity

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Blood Cell Count; Blood Coagulation Tests; Blood Platelets; Carcinoma; Clot Retraction; Depression, Chemical; Heparin; Humans; Male; Nitrophenols; Prostatic Neoplasms; Temperature; Thrombocytopenia

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Marrow Examination; Bone Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prognosis; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Antineoplastic Agents; Biopsy; Carcinoma; Esterases; Estradiol; Estrogens; Glucuronidase; Humans; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Male; Middle Aged; Mustard Compounds; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pigments, Biological; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Androgen Antagonists; Bone Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Cyproterone; Estrogens; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pregnadienes; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Autopsy; Carcinoma; Chromaffin System; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pheochromocytoma; Prostatic Neoplasms; Spinal Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Blood; Carcinoma; Cell Line; Culture Media; Drug Stability; Enzyme Induction; Galactosidases; Hexosaminidases; Hot Temperature; Humans; Kinetics; Mouth Neoplasms; Neoplasm Proteins; Prednisolone; Sodium Chloride

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Alkaline Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Chronic Disease; Electrophoresis; Hot Temperature; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Mediastinal Neoplasms; Mediastinum; Sarcoidosis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Breast Neoplasms; Bromine; Carcinoma; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Galactosidases; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Immunodiffusion; Immunoelectrophoresis; Lysosomes; Methods; Naphthols; Neoplasms, Experimental; Rabbits; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Cachexia; Carcinoma; Cathepsins; Female; Gallbladder Diseases; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Liver Neoplasms; Lymphatic Metastasis; Lysosomes; Male; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Muscles; Neoplasms; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Peptic Ulcer

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Azo Compounds; Biological Transport; Carbon Isotopes; Carcinoma; Cell Line; Cell Membrane; Cells, Cultured; Connective Tissue; Cyclic AMP; Estranes; Humans; Hydroxysteroids; Leucine; Lysosomes; Membranes; Mice; Mouth Neoplasms; Permeability; Thymidine; Tritium; Uridine

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Papillary; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Division; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Hyperplasia; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Nasal Mucosa; Neoplasms, Experimental; Nitroso Compounds; Nose Neoplasms; Papilloma; Piperidines; Rats; Thymidine; Tritium

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Papillary; Cytoplasm; Esterases; Humans; Microscopy, Electron; Thyroid Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Cystoscopy; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Prostatic Neoplasms; Time Factors; Urethral Neoplasms; Urography

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Amnion; Carcinoma; Cathepsins; Cell Line; Cycloheximide; Dactinomycin; Dexamethasone; Enzyme Induction; Glucocorticoids; HeLa Cells; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Isoenzymes; Kinetics; Lung; Lysosomes; Methods; Naphthalenes; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Prednisolone; Skin

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Bronchial Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Esterases; Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukocytes; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Melanoma; Neoplasms; Peroxidases; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Rectal Neoplasms; Sarcoma; Staining and Labeling; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Testicular Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Asparaginase; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Carcinoma; Depression, Chemical; Esterases; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytes; Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid; Lymphatic Diseases; Multiple Myeloma; Peroxidases; Stimulation, Chemical

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Age Factors; Alkaline Phosphatase; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Cell Nucleus; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cytoplasm

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenal Glands; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma; Chromatography, Paper; Estradiol; Estrone; Female; Growth Hormone; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Magnesium; Rats; Thymidine Kinase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenoviridae; Carcinoma; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Enzyme Activation; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Lysosomes; Newcastle disease virus; Poliovirus; Spectrophotometry; Vaccinia virus; Vitamin A

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Atrophy; Biopsy; Carcinoma; DNA; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Gonadotropins; Histological Techniques; Humans; Leydig Cells; Male; Middle Aged; Pituitary Gland; Prostatic Neoplasms; Spermatozoa; Testis; Testosterone; Thymidine

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Autolysis; Carcinoma; Cell Line; Cell Membrane; Chloroquine; Complement System Proteins; Culture Techniques; Dogs; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Immune Sera; Kidney; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Lysosomes; Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; Time Factors; Vitamin A

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Analgesics; Carcinoma; Estradiol; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Liver; Lymphoma; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prostatic Neoplasms; Urethane; Veins

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Carcinoma; Female; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Ovarian Cysts; Ovarian Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Carcinoma; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prostate; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Testosterone

A correlation has been made between the host lysosomal responses to and release of infectious virus from HEp-2 cells infected with two strains of herpes simplex virus (HSV). Supravital staining with acridine orange was used for morphological studies of macroplaque and microplaque HSV-infected cells. With the progression of infection, cells infected with either microplaque HSV or macroplaque HSV were observed to undergo different lysosomal and cytopathic changes, which could be correlated with increased accumulation of acid phosphatase and infectious virus in the extracellular fluid.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acridines; Carcinoma; Cell Line; Culture Techniques; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral; Humans; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Lysosomes; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; Simplexvirus; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; DNA; Epithelium; Esterases; Female; Glycogen; Glycosaminoglycans; Histocytochemistry; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Precancerous Conditions; Pregnancy; RNA; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Biopsy; Carcinoma; Diethylstilbestrol; Duodenal Ulcer; Erectile Dysfunction; Humans; Male; Methods; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Palpation; Postoperative Complications; Prognosis; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Spinal Neoplasms; Urinary Tract Infections; Urine

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Diseases; Bone Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Female; Gaucher Disease; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Pulmonary Embolism

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Cytodiagnosis; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Methods; Polysaccharides

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Estrogens; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pain Management; Phosphorus Isotopes; Prostatic Neoplasms; Testis; Testosterone

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Adenofibroma; Aged; Biopsy; Carcinoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Middle Aged; Prostatic Neoplasms; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Carcinoma; Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; Lymphography; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Amides; Animals; Carcinogens; Carcinoma; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Female; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Histocytochemistry; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental; Nitrosamines; Rats; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Time Factors

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Cell Line; Chromosome Aberrations; Culture Techniques; Deoxyribonucleases; Guanidines; Humans; Karyotyping; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Lysosomes; Mitosis; Poliovirus; Virus Replication

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Culture Techniques; Fibroblasts; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Neoplasm Proteins; Proteins

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Blood Proteins; Bone and Bones; Calcium; Carcinoma; Creatinine; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Hypercalcemia; Hyperparathyroidism; Hypophosphatasia; Intestines; Kidney; Kidney Tubules; Liver; Magnesium; Male; Phosphorus; Rabbits; Thigh

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma; Castration; Cricetinae; Diethylstilbestrol; Estradiol; Male; Models, Biological; Neoplasms, Experimental; Prostatic Neoplasms; Simian virus 40; Testosterone

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Carcinoma; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Esterases; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; Histocytochemistry; Histological Techniques; Humans; Hydrolases; Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Malate Dehydrogenase; Oxidoreductases; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Biological Assay; Calcitonin; Carcinoma; Catecholamines; Culture Techniques; Cytoplasmic Granules; Esterases; Humans; Lysosomes; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Serotonin; Thyroid Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Biopsy; Blood Sedimentation; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Examination; Bone Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Female; Humans; Ilium; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Age Factors; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Avitaminosis; Bone Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Chronic Disease; Diabetes Mellitus; Esophageal Neoplasms; Estrus; Female; Hematologic Diseases; Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal; Histocytochemistry; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Infections; Leukemia; Leukocytes; Liver Diseases; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Myocardial Infarction; Neutrophils; Pregnancy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiation Injuries; Stress, Physiological

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma; Cell Fractionation; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Connective Tissue; Culture Techniques; Fibroblasts; Galactosidases; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Liver; Lysosomes; Male; Mice; Microscopy, Electron; Mitochondria; Proteins; Rats; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Sucrose; Sulfatases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma; Cytoplasm; Female; Golgi Apparatus; Histocytochemistry; Hydrolases; In Vitro Techniques; Lysosomes; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental; Mice; Microscopy, Electron; Neoplasm Transplantation; Radiation Effects; Radiography; Vitamin A

The effect of type 5 adenovirus infection on the synthesis of host-cell proteins by suspension cultures of KB cells was investigated. Although total protein synthesis continued at a constant rate for approximately 36 hr, net synthesis of five host enzymes (lactic dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, deoxyribonuclease, fumarase, and phosphoglucose isomerase) was found to stop 16 to 20 hr after infection. The synthesis of alkaline phosphatase stopped 9 to 12 hr after infection. The inhibition of host protein synthesis occurred shortly after the synthesis of viral antigens had begun, accounting for the continued synthesis of total protein. An investigation of the relationship between synthesis of viral antigens and inhibition of host protein synthesis yielded results which suggest that the two processes are in some way coupled.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenoviridae; Antigens; Carcinoma; Cell Line; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Complement System Proteins; Culture Techniques; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral; Deoxyribonucleases; DNA Viruses; Floxuridine; Humans; Hydro-Lyases; Isomerases; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Mouth Neoplasms; Protein Biosynthesis; Viral Proteins

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Carcinoma; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Cytodiagnosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Esterases; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Diethylstilbestrol; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Esterases; Female; Histological Techniques; Humans; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Mononuclear Phagocyte System; Naphthalenes; Parathion; Staining and Labeling; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Biopsy; Carcinoma; Cystoscopy; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Prostatitis; Punctures

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Glycosaminoglycans; Humans; Neoplasm Metastasis; Sarcoma, Ewing; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Astrocytoma; Brain Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Ependymoma; Esterases; Glioma; Glucosyltransferases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Meningioma; Neurilemmoma; Oligodendroglioma; Sarcoma

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma; Histocytochemistry; Kidney; Liver; Lysosomes; Microscopy, Electron; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neoplasms, Experimental; Rats

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Carcinoma; Colonic Neoplasms; Coloring Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Histocytochemistry; Histological Techniques; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphoma; Male; Melanoma; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Pathology; Prostatic Neoplasms; Rhabdomyosarcoma; Sarcoma; Staining and Labeling; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Cyst Fluid; Geriatrics; Glioma; Glucose; Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Phosphates

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Animals; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Enzymes; Esterases; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glucuronidase; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hydro-Lyases; Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Malate Dehydrogenase; Methylcholanthrene; Mice; Neoplasms, Experimental; Research; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Papillary; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase; DNA; Glycosaminoglycans; Histocytochemistry; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Oxidoreductases; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; RNA; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Research; Surgical Procedures, Operative

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinogenesis; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cheek; Cricetinae; Epithelial Cells; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lysosomes; Mouth Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental; Papilloma; Research

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Biomedical Research; Biopsy, Needle; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Examination; Carcinoma; Diagnosis; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pathology; Prognosis; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiography

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Male; Pathology; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Busulfan; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Metabolism; Neoplasms; Pharmacology; Research; Sarcoma; Sarcoma, Yoshida; Toxicology

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Glycosaminoglycans; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lip Neoplasms; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Metastasis; Neoplasms, Second Primary; Pathology; Vaginal Neoplasms; Vulvar Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Calcium; Calcium, Dietary; Carcinoma; Enzyme Inhibitors; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Male; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Electron Transport Complex II; Esterases; Glucuronidase; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Malate Dehydrogenase; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Liver; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neoplasms, Experimental; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Research; Rodentia; Sarcoma; Sarcoma, Experimental; Skin

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Castration; Dithizone; Estrogens; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Male; Neoplasms; Orchiectomy; Pancreas; Prostate; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Research; Retina; Semen; Spermatozoa; Testosterone; Toxicology; Urination Disorders; Zinc

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Protein Disorders; Blood Protein Electrophoresis; Bone Neoplasms; C-Reactive Protein; Carcinoma; Estrogens; Geriatrics; Glycoproteins; Hexosamines; Hexoses; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neuraminic Acids; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Calcium; Calcium, Dietary; Carcinoma; Humans; Male; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; Humans; Male; Oxidoreductases; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Breast; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Glycoside Hydrolases; Humans; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Humans; Male; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Prostatic Neoplasms; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases

Topics: 5'-Nucleotidase; Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Connective Tissue; DNA; Neoplasms; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; RNA

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Humans; Immunologic Tests; Male; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Abdomen; Abdominal Neoplasms; Acid Phosphatase; Blood; Carcinoma; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Prostatic Neoplasms; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Carcinoma; Humans; Male; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Prostatic Neoplasms; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Humans; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Humans; Male; Prostate

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Blood; Carcinoma; Humans; Male; Prostate

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Blood; Carcinoma; Humans; Male; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Carcinoma; Humans; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms; Serum