acid-phosphatase and Carcinoma--Intraductal--Noninfiltrating

Mammary carcinoma with multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells (OGCs) is a rare, distinctive variant of breast carcinoma. To date, all of these instances have been described as part of an invasive carcinoma. Here, we report a case of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast with numerous admixed OGCs present within gland lumens without an associated invasive component. Similar to invasive carcinomas with OGCs, both the in situ carcinoma and the OGCs exhibited overexpression for vascular endothelial growth factor. This case expands the spectrum of tumors associated with OGCs and provides further evidence for the possible role of vascular endothelial growth factor in the stromal-epithelial interactions of in situ mammary carcinoma.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Biomarkers, Tumor; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Female; Giant Cells; Humans; Isoenzymes; Middle Aged; Osteoclasts; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is an uncommon, pathologically distinct entity characterized by its morphologic resemblance to ductal carcinoma of the breast and highly aggressive behavior. Approximately two thirds of patients die within 4 years of initial diagnosis despite aggressive, combined surgical resection and radiotherapy. Review of the literature indicates that androgen receptor (AR), a marker frequently detected in prostatic carcinoma, is expressed in over 90% of SDCs, whereas two common breast carcinoma markers, estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR), are expressed in only 1.3% and 6% of the tumors, respectively, by immunohistochemistry. This hormonal profile suggests that SDC, in contrast to its histiologic similarity to ductal carcinoma of the breast, is immunophenotypically more related to prostatic carcinoma. To substantiate this hypothesis, we performed immunohistochemical staining of 13 cases of SDC for the presence of AR and two prostatic markers, prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP). Our results showed multifocal, scattered, moderate immunostaining for PAP and diffuse, moderate immunostaining for PSA in seven (58.3%) and two (16.7%) cases, respectively. These results create a potential diagnostic challenge to surgical pathologists who are dealing with a metastatic adenocarcinoma of AR+/PSA+/-/PAP+/- phenotype, particularly in male patients of unknown primary. Metastatic salivary duct carcinoma should be given serious thought if clinical investigation fails to reveal a prostatic primary. The immunophenotypic homology that exists between SDC and prostatic carcinoma also suggests that antiandrogen therapy as used in the treatment of prostatic carcinoma might be beneficial in patients with metastatic SDC when all other conventional modalities fail.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Female; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Middle Aged; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Receptors, Androgen; Salivary Ducts; Salivary Gland Neoplasms

We report a rare case of mucinous carcinoma of the skin with mammary infiltrating carcinoma-like patterns. An 82-year-old Japanese male had a gourd-shaped tumor on his scalp. Histopathologically, the posterior portion of the tumor showed small lobules of cuboidal tumor cells with no atypia floating in mucinous lakes. In the anterior portion, there were solid lobules, cords, and strands of anaplastic tumor cells infiltrating into the surrounding stroma. Enzyme- and immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy confirmed the eccrine origin of this tumor. It is suggested that mucinous carcinoma of the skin can occur in association with diverse histological patterns, analogous to mucinous carcinoma of the breast.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alkaline Phosphatase; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Glucuronidase; Humans; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Sweat Gland Neoplasms

Tumour markers viz carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) in 30 cases of carcinoma breast and prostatic specific acid phosphatase (PSAP) in 30 cases of carcinoma prostate were studied by peroxidase antiperoxidase technique in paraffin blocks of tissue. Twenty three (76.7%) and 20 (66.7%) cases were positive for CEA and HCG respectively. No correlation was observed between CEA and HCG status, and histological differentiation of the tumours. All the 29 cases (100%) of adenocarcinoma prostate were PSAP positive while a single case, negative for PSAP, was of transitional cell carcinoma.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Female; Humans; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms

Both prostate specific acid phosphatase (PAP) and prostate specific anti-body (PSA) were used as the specific markers for detecting prostate cancer and its metastasis, and this was considered as the most efficient technique for detecting metastatic lesions associated with an occult carcinoma in the prostate. Altogether 44 cases were studied, including 23 cases of prostatic carcinoma, 3 cases of metastatic tumors and 18 cases of benign hypertrophy of prostate (including 4 cases with local carcinoma). Analysis of 27 cases revealed that PSA seemed more sensitive than PAP, as 17 cases of prostatic carcinoma showed positive reaction with PSA, while among them, only 3 showed negative reaction with PAP. Most of the well differentiated glandular type prostatic carcinoma showed strong positive reaction. However, the poorly differentiated solid carcinoma only showed mild positive reaction. All of the controls as well as bladder and kidney cancers showed negative reaction with either PAP or PSA.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antigens, Neoplasm; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms

The activity of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is increased in confluent culture of two breast cancer cell lines (T47D and MCF-7) following a change of medium. The increase in activity is maximum at 12 hours and this level is reduced in cells treated with high concentrations of HuIFN-alpha. However, the increased level of ODC activity seen in the first few hours after medium change can be stimulated by low concentrations of interferon (10-100 units per ml). The activity of the acidic and alkaline phosphatase of the above cell lines are affected by HuIFN-alpha similar to ODC. In stimulating levels of ODC and phosphatases, interferon is acting similar to mitogens, and in T47D and MCF-7 cells this stimulatory effect precedes the inhibitory effect more commonly seen in interferon-treated cells.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Cell Line; Female; Humans; Interferon Type I; Ornithine Decarboxylase; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Breast carcinomas were examined by the immunoperoxidase technique using antisera specific for lymphocyte subsets, monocytes, NK cells and major histocompatibility antigens (HLA-A, -B, -C; Ia-like). Sixty-four per cent of the patients had a moderate or strong mononuclear cell infiltration, 77% of the patients without mononuclear cell infiltration had receptors for estrogens as compared to 51% of the patients with infiltration. The majority of the infiltrating mononuclear cells were T cells; generally the OKT8 cells were predominant. The Leu 3A/OKT8 cell ratio was not related to histological type, tumor size, age of the patient or presence of metastases. Some of the T cells had the Ia antigen and were thus probably activated. The B cells were either absent or less numerous than the T cells. There was no relation between their distribution and the various parameters studied. A few monocytes were heterogeneous according to their markers (OKM I and acid phosphatase). In 6 cases only there was a strong infiltration of mononuclear cells positive for acid phosphatase. The number of the natural killer cells was also low. Only a few mononuclear infiltrating cells had receptors for transferrin. There was a positive correlation between the inflammatory infiltration and the presence of HLA class-I antigens on tumor cells. Some of the antisera specific for lymphocyte subsets also stained the breast carcinoma cells. The great variations in the subsets of mononuclear cells in breast carcinomas may correspond to various systems of defense against neoplasm.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Leukocytes; Lymphatic Metastasis; Middle Aged; Monocytes; Receptors, Estrogen

The presence of a high-molecular weight complex with acid phosphatase activity in the cytosol of human mammary tumors is reported. This complex appeared in the cytosol after tissue homogenization in the presence of dithiotreitol, with or without Triton X-100 and at acidic or neutral pH. Upon gel electrophoresis, this fraction showed only one band of enzyme activity which did not enter the fine pore gel. Lubrol or n-butanol had no apparent effect on this complex, and 8 M urea or 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate did not disaggregate this large molecule. After purification by gel filtration, ammonium sulfate precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography an apparent molecular weight or 10(6) was measured. It hydrolyzed typical acid phosphatase substrates such as p-NPP and alpha-NP, but also ATP and PPi. Only 44% inhibition was observed with L-(+)tartrate and it was still 40% active after 1 hr incubation at 60 degrees C. Reduction in the presence of SDS yielded several polypeptide bands. It was also detected in some samples of normal mammary tissues, but not in normal human placenta or liver.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Chromatography, Gel; Cytosol; Detergents; Dithiothreitol; Female; Humans; Molecular Weight; Octoxynol; Polyethylene Glycols; Substrate Specificity

An immunoperoxidase technique to detect prostatic-specific acid phosphatase (PSAP) was used on specimens from 98 cases of prostatic carcinoma that were graded by both the Gleason and the Mostofi systems, to see if tumor grade correlated with amount of PSAP seen in tissue. Most tumors showed strong, diffuse cytoplasmic staining; no significant difference was seen among the various grades. Other than focal, weak staining of renal tubular epithelium, the antibody to PSAP gave uniformly negative results with a variety of normal and neoplastic tissues. In light of the great sensitivity and specificity of this technique, it potential applications include diagnosis of poorly differentiated prostatic malignant neoplasms, whether primary or metastatic.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Melanoma; Neoplasm Staging; Prostatic Neoplasms; Wilms Tumor

Acid phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase, monoamine oxidase and non specific esterase activities were histochemically demonstrated in specimens derived from 15 infiltrating ductal carcinomas of female breast. The relative areas occupied by the enzyme-positive carcinoma cells were visually estimated and, in the cases of leucine aminopeptidase, assessed morphometrically. All enzyme activities were found to be subject to major variations within a single carcinoma and between individual carcinomas, and the activity of any single enzyme was independent of that of three others. None of the enzyme activities correlated with the estrogen and progesterone receptor values, nor the histological grade of malignancy of the tumour. Thus, histochemically demonstrable enzyme activities seem to be of no use in predicting the hormone receptor content in infiltrating ductal carcinomas of the female breast.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Breast Diseases; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Esterases; Female; Fibrocystic Breast Disease; Humans; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Middle Aged; Monoamine Oxidase; Phyllodes Tumor; Receptors, Cell Surface

Adenocarcinomas that arise from primary or secondary prostatic ducts have distinctive histopathologic features. The age of patients, symptoms, findings on digital rectal examination and determinations of serum acid and alkaline phosphatase are similar to those of patients with acinic carcinomas. Carcinomas of secondary ducts may be less responsive to endocrine manipulation and of greater malignancy than carcinomas of primary ducts. The course and survival of patients with ductal carcinomas treated conservatively are poor.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Cystoscopy; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Physical Examination; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Rectum

An ultramicrochemical technique has been adapted to the evolution of enzyme profiles within individual human mammary tumors. Tandem observation of adjacent stained and lyophilized sections permitted dissection of microgram quantities of freeze-dried material within confirmed regions of malignancy. Enzymes frequently monitored to examine glycolytic, respiratory, and metastatic capacity were microanalyzed successfully: lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), acid phosphatase (AP), aldolase (ALD), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), pyruvate kinase (PK), alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GOPDH), hexokinase (HK), and phosphofructokinase (PRK). All enzyme activities were higher in infiltrating ductal carcinomas than in fibroadenomas. Extracts of tumor cells mixed in varying proportions with brain or muscle extracts of rat evidenced no modification of expected activity. The technical adaptation described provided a sensitive methodology to resolve problems of relication, profile analysis, sample quantity, and selectivity within heterogeneous tissues.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenofibroma; Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Female; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase; Humans; Microchemistry; Phosphotransferases

Elevated levels of glycoprotein:sialyltransferase activity (EC 2.4.99.1; CMP-N-acetylneuraminate: D-galactosyl-glycoprotein N-acetylneuraminyltransferase) were found in human malignant neoplastic tissues compared to normal, benign, and "preneoplastic" tissues. This increase was not due to the cell density of the tissue. Elevated levels of certain proteases and glycosidases were also found. The increase in transferase activity may be associated with altered membrane synthesis in the neoplastic state; changes in the activity of degradative enzymes may be associated with tumor invasiveness and maintenance of the neoplastic state. Measurements on human tumors are possibly more directly relevant to cancer than those described for transformed fibroblastic cells in vitro.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Colonic Neoplasms; Female; Fucose; Galactosamine; Galactosidases; Glycoproteins; Glycoside Hydrolases; Hexosaminidases; Humans; Mannose; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neuraminic Acids; Neuraminidase; Peptide Hydrolases; Teratoma; Transferases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Bone Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Estrogens; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Palliative Care; Prognosis; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Age Factors; Alkaline Phosphatase; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Cell Nucleus; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cytoplasm

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenocarcinoma, Papillary; Alanine; Alkaline Phosphatase; Amides; Amidohydrolases; Arginine; Brain; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Cecal Neoplasms; Cobalt; Dipeptidases; Female; Glioma; Humans; Leucine; Manganese; Naphthalenes; Ovarian Neoplasms; Peptide Hydrolases; Phenylalanine

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Female; Golgi Apparatus; Histocytochemistry; Lysosomes; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental; Mice; Neoplasm Transplantation

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenoma, Sweat Gland; Alkaline Phosphatase; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Cysts; Electron Transport Complex IV; Glucosyltransferases; Glucuronidase; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Nucleotidases; Oxidoreductases; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Skin Neoplasms; Succinate Dehydrogenase