acid-phosphatase and Cadaver

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests are considered a valuable screening method for the forensic examination of semen in vaginal and rectal swabs of alleged victims of sexual abuse. Although these membrane tests have been also applied to autopsy specimens no study has assessed their reliability when performed on post-mortem (PM) rectal swabs from decomposed cadavers. The present study describes the results obtained with the Seratec PSA Semiquant Kit test on 39 male and 10 female adult cadavers with no history of sexual assault and with a PM interval up to 136 days. Overall 64% of the 39 male cadavers tested positive for the PSA, the positive PSA reaction being more frequent in the 20 males with advanced decomposition than in the 19 males with no putrefaction signs (70% vs. 58%). The Phosphatesmo KM Paper Test for detection of acid phosphatase (AP) gave a positive color reaction with 60% of the rectal swabs obtained from decomposed male cadavers. Both the PSA-test and the Phosphatesmo KM paper-test gave a negative result in each of the rectal samples from female cadavers. Y STR multiplex revealed no DNA other than that of the subject tested in the rectal swab positive for PSA. The results of the present study show that PSA membrane tests are unreliable and can be misleading when derived from male rectal samples obtained at autopsy.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cadaver; Chromosomes, Human, Y; DNA Fingerprinting; Female; Forensic Pathology; Humans; Immunoassay; Male; Middle Aged; Postmortem Changes; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Rectum; Tandem Repeat Sequences

Six patients who received renal transplants were closely monitored to compare the sensitivity of urine levels of beta-galactosidase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase with conventional clinical and laboratory parameters in the detection of impending rejection. A rapid (60 minute), simple, accurate fluorometric assay was used to measure activities of both enzymes. Eighty per cent of ten rejection episodes were accompanied by a two- to sixfold increase in enzyme release. Parallel changes in serum creatinine levels and urinary volume occurred in six rejection episodes, but in two episodes, elevated urinary enzyme levels were observed two and four days prior to clinical evidence of rejection. It is concluded that urinary lysosomal enzyme measurements by fluorometric assay are valuable indicators of acute renal rejection, particularly when the diagnosis is not clearly established by conventional criteria that show only minimal changes. Continuing studies in a large group of renal transplant recipients are under way to evaluate the validity of this conclusion and to determine whether enzyme measurements, will, indeed, be indicative of early rejection.

Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cadaver; Creatinine; Dogs; Fluorometry; Galactosidases; Graft Rejection; Hexosaminidases; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Transplantation; Lysosomes; Methylprednisolone; Postoperative Complications; Transplantation, Homologous; Urination

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Blood Stains; Cadaver; Erythrocytes; Humans; Methods; Phosphoglucomutase; Sampling Studies; Time Factors

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Cadaver; Enzymes; Female; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; Graft Rejection; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Transplantation; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Male; Middle Aged; Transaminases; Transplantation, Homologous

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Cadaver; Carbon Dioxide; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Death; Electrolytes; Glucuronates; Glucuronidase; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Intracranial Pressure; Organophosphorus Compounds; Postmortem Changes; Potassium; Sodium; Trace Elements

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Cadaver; Enzymes; Female; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Male; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Tissue Donors; Transaminases; Transplantation, Homologous

Some characteristics of the fluorescence of cardiac human lipofuscin and, in connection, the acid phosphatase activity were studied. The presence of acid phosphatase reaction product was demonstrated in lipofuscin granulations. Two types of fluorescence spectra with a maximal emission peak at 580 nm. and 600-610 nm. respectively, were obtained. A photodecomposition of average intensity was present and, at same time, shifts the maximal emission peaks were noticed. The data obtained were discussed in relation with the identification of the fluorescent substance.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Cadaver; Computer Graphics; Fluorescence; Heart Ventricles; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lipofuscin; Luminescent Measurements; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Myocardium; Myocytes, Cardiac

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Austria; Blood Protein Electrophoresis; Cadaver; Enzymes; Erythrocytes; Female; Health Surveys; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Mass Screening; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Paternity; Pregnancy; Urban Population

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Autopsy; Cadaver; Erythrocytes; Forensic Medicine; Humans