acid-phosphatase and Breast-Neoplasms--Male

We examined the effects of vitamin E supplementation (VES) on osteoclast (OC) resorbing activity and cytomorphometry in Walker 256/B tumor osteolytic rats. Twenty-four aged male rats were randomized into 3 groups: 6 were sham operated; 9 were injected in the right hind limb with Walker 256/B cells (W256 group); and 9 were injected as above and supplemented with VE (45mg/kg BW) (W256VE group). Twenty days later, bone mass (BV/TV) and some microarchitectural parameters were assessed. Some histodynamic parameters, cellular and nuclear form factors (FFC and FFN), and nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio (N/C) of OC were measured for each group. W256 group exhibited osteolytic lesions in the operated femora. Walker 256/B induced trabecular perforation and decreased BV/TV associated with significant increases in OC numbering (N.Oc/B.Ar and Oc.N/B.Pm) and activity (ES/BS and Oc.S/BS). While FFN remain unchanged, the FFC and N/C ratio increased in the W256 group. W256VE showed less osteolytic lesions. Moreover, disruption of bone microarchitecture and OC activity in W256VE group decreased. VES reduced the malignant Walker 256/B-induced enhanced OC resorbing activity with cytoinhibition rate reaching 41%. The protective effect of VE may be due to its modulation of OC cytomorphometry and subsequently their activity.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; alpha-Tocopherol; Animals; Biomarkers; Bone Neoplasms; Bone Remodeling; Breast Neoplasms, Male; Dietary Supplements; Femur; Isoenzymes; Male; Osteoclasts; Osteolysis; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Time Factors; Vitamins

Prostate carcinoma is among the most common solid tumors to secondarily involve the male breast. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostate-specific acid phosphatase (PSAP) are expressed in benign and malignant prostatic tissue, and immunohistochemical staining for these markers is often used to confirm the prostatic origin of metastatic carcinoma. PSA expression has been reported in male and female breast carcinoma and in gynecomastia, raising concerns about the utility of PSA for differentiating prostate carcinoma metastasis to the male breast from primary breast carcinoma. This study examined the frequency of PSA, PSAP, and hormone receptor expression in male breast carcinoma (MBC), female breast carcinoma (FBC), and gynecomastia.. Immunohistochemical staining for PSA, PSAP, AR, ER, and PR was performed on tissue microarrays representing six cases of gynecomastia, thirty MBC, and fifty-six FBC.. PSA was positive in two of fifty-six FBC (3.7%), focally positive in one of thirty MBC (3.3%), and negative in the five examined cases of gynecomastia. PSAP expression was absent in MBC, FBC, and gynecomastia. Hormone receptor expression was similar in males and females (AR 74.1% in MBC vs. 67.9% in FBC, p = 0.62; ER 85.2% vs. 68.5%, p = 0.18; and PR 51.9% vs. 48.2%, p = 0.82).. PSA and PSAP are useful markers to distinguish primary breast carcinoma from prostate carcinoma metastatic to the male breast. Although PSA expression appeared to correlate with hormone receptor expression, the incidence of PSA expression in our population was too low to draw significant conclusions about an association between PSA expression and hormone receptor status in breast lesions.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms, Male; Carcinoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Gynecomastia; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; Receptors, Androgen; Receptors, Estrogen; Receptors, Progesterone; Receptors, Steroid; Tissue Array Analysis

The androgen-regulated proteins prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate-specific acid phosphatase (PSAP) are present in high concentrations in normal prostate and prostatic cancer and are considered to be tissue-specific to prostate. These markers are commonly used to diagnose metastatic prostate carcinoma at various sites including the male breast. However, expression of these two proteins in tumors arising in tissues regulated by androgens such as male breast carcinoma has not been thoroughly evaluated.. In this study we analyzed the expression of PSA, PSAP and androgen receptor (AR) by immunohistochemistry in 26 cases of male breast carcinomas and correlated these with the expression of other prognostic markers.. AR, PSA and PSAP expression was observed in 81%, 23% and 0% of carcinomas, respectively. Combined expression of AR and PSA was observed in only four tumors.. Although the biological significance of PSA expression in male breast carcinomas is not clear, caution should be exercised when it is used as a diagnostic marker of metastatic prostate carcinoma.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Breast Neoplasms, Male; Chi-Square Distribution; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Middle Aged; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; Receptor, ErbB-2; Receptors, Androgen; Receptors, Estrogen; Receptors, Progesterone; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53

Enlargement of the male breast is frequently encountered in the course of adjuvant antiandrogen therapy for advanced prostate carcinoma. The clinical differential diagnosis in this setting includes hormonal imbalance-induced gynecomastia, primary breast carcinoma, and metastasis of prostatic carcinoma. Biopsy of the lesion with the identification of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) plays an important role in establishing the correct diagnosis. Recent studies showed that female mammary epithelium may be a significant source of PSA, but its expression in male breasts has not been sufficiently studied. We found that normal and hyperplastic duct epithelium in gynecomastia exhibited focal, strong (+3) PSA immunoreactivity in 5 of 18 cases (28%). In contrast, no PSA reactivity was found in eight cases of male breast carcinoma. No reactivity was seen with antiprostatic acid phosphatase (PsAP) antibody, in either benign or malignant epithelium. Frequent expression of PSA in gynecomastia may, in an appropriate clinical setting, cause confusion with metastatic prostatic carcinoma. The lack of immunoreactivity for PsAP in male breast epithelium indicates its usefulness in the differential diagnosis.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Androgen Antagonists; Breast; Breast Neoplasms, Male; Diagnosis, Differential; Epithelium; Female; Gynecomastia; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Middle Aged; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms

Prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) is regarded as a specific marker secreted by normal and neoplastic acinar epithelial cells of the prostate gland; its detection by immunocytochemistry has been accepted as an indication of metastatic prostate cancer. This is ascribed to the commonly held belief that PSA is not found in extraprostatic tissues. However, this concept has recently been challenged, based on the observations that certain nonprostatic tissues and their neoplasms can also secrete PSA. Such a questionable belief could result in a diagnostic pitfall when using immunostaining for PSA on fine-needle aspiration (FNAC) cytology samples to differentiate metastatic prostate cancer from a primary carcinoma of an extraprostatic organ. In this communication, two cases of primary carcinomas of the male breast are reported in which PSA immunopositivity on FNAC led to the suggestion of a diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. Diagn. Cytopathol. 1999;21:167-169.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biopsy, Needle; Breast Neoplasms, Male; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms