acid-phosphatase and Birth-Weight

Acid phosphatase locus 1 and adenosine deaminase locus 1 polymorphisms show cooperative effects on glucose metabolism and immunological functions. The recent observation of cooperation between the two systems on susceptibility to repeated spontaneous miscarriage prompted us to search for possible interactional effects between these genes and the correlation between birth weight and placental weight. Deviation from a balanced development of the feto-placental unit has been found to be associated with perinatal morbidity and mortality and with cardiovascular diseases in adulthood.. We examined 400 consecutive newborns from the Caucasian population of Rome. Birth weight, placental weight, and gestational length were registered. Acid phosphatase locus 1 and adenosine deaminase locus 1 phenotypes were determined by starch gel electrophoresis and correlation analysis was performed by SPSS programs. Informed verbal consent to participate in the study was obtained from the mothers.. Highly significant differences in birth weight-placental weight correlations were observed among acid phosphatase locus 1 phenotypes (p = 0.005). The correlation between birth weight and placental weight was markedly elevated in subjects carrying acid phosphatase locus 1 phenotypes with medium-low F isoform concentration (A, CA and CB phenotypes) compared to those carrying acid phosphatase locus 1 phenotypes with medium-high F isoform concentration (BA and B phenotypes) (p = 0.002). Environmental and developmental variables were found to exert a significant effect on birth weight-placental weight correlation in subjects with medium-high F isoform concentrations, but only a marginal effect was observed in those with medium-low F isoform concentrations. The correlation between birth weight and placental weight is higher among carriers of the adenosine deaminase locus 1 allele*2, which is associated with low activity, than in homozygous adenosine deaminase locus 1 phenotype 1 carriers (p = 0.04). The two systems show a cooperative effect on the correlation between birth weight and placental weight: the highest value is observed in newborns carrying adenosine deaminase locus 1 allele*2 and acid phosphatase locus 1 phenotypes with medium-low F isoform concentration (p = 0.005).. These data suggest that zygotes with low adenosine deaminase locus 1 activity and low F activity may experience the most favourable intrauterine conditions for a balanced development of the feto-placental unit.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Deaminase; Adult; Birth Weight; Cohort Studies; Female; Fetal Development; Gene Frequency; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Maternal Age; Maternal-Fetal Relations; Organ Size; Placentation; Polymorphism, Genetic; Pregnancy

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adaptation, Physiological; Birth Weight; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Italy; Male; Seasons; Sex Ratio; Students, Medical

Possible selective interaction between genetic polymorphisms of acid phosphatase locus 1 (ACP1) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) has been investigated in a sample of 211 infants from diabetic women, and in 350 consecutive infants from normal women. Newborns from diabetic pregnancies carrying the ADA2 allele show a lower proportion of BA and CB phenotypes (heterozygotes for the main allele of ACP1 system), compared with both their mothers and normal infants. The observation suggests that, in a diabetic environment, intrauterine selection may act against double heterozygotes for the ACP1 and ADA systems.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Deaminase; Birth Weight; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Fetus; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Phenotype; Polymorphism, Genetic; Pregnancy; Pregnancy in Diabetics

Acid phosphatase (ACP1) is an enzyme found in the cytoplasm of many tissues and probably functions as a flavin mononucleotide-phosphatase. Therefore the highest concentration of flavin-mononucleotide cofactors is expected in ACP1 phenotypes with the lowest enzymatic activity (A and BA) and the lowest concentration of these cofactors is expected in phenotypes with the highest activity (CB and C). Accordingly, metabolic activities related to flavoenzymes should attain maximal levels in A and BA phenotypes and minimal levels in CB and C phenotypes. In the present study we have analyzed possible effects of ACP1 genetic variability on intrauterine growth in a sample of 609 newborns collected from three consecutive series in Rome. An association between ACP1 and birth weight is observed. The association is present only among male infants. ACP1 phenotypes with low enzymatic activity (A and BA) show a clear tendency to higher rates of intrauterine growth. A linear negative correlation is also observed between enzymatic activity and quartile class. The relation is significant only in male infants. The data suggest that in fetuses with low ACP1 activity, metabolic activity may be regulated at a level allowing a full response to specific genetic stimuli maximizing fetal growth.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Birth Weight; Congenital Abnormalities; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Female; Genotype; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Male; Phenotype; Polymorphism, Genetic

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Anemia, Hypochromic; Birth Weight; Chorionic Villi; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic

A newborn population of Cardiff, Wales, was screened for variation at three blood group loci (ABO, Rhesus and MN) and four enzyme loci (ACP-1, PGM-1, ADA and EST-D). Birth weights were measured. There were no significant differences between mean birth weights or birth weight variances for individuals homozygous or heterozygous at the MN and the four enzyme loci. (ABO and Rhesus loci cannot be used in these tests.) There was no significant heterogeneity in contingency tables relating phenotypes at the seven loci to birth weight. There were no significant differences in mean heterozygosity per locus between babies placed in different birth weight categories, ranging from 2.5 to 4.2 kg. The genetic variation screened appears therefore to be neutral with respect to this character.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Deaminase; Birth Weight; Blood Group Antigens; Carboxylesterase; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Enzymes; Female; Genetic Variation; Heterozygote; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Phosphoglucomutase; Polymorphism, Genetic; Wales

Erythrocyte acid phosphatase (ACP1) is a polymorphic enzyme found in many tissues and acts in vivo as a flavin-mononucleotide phosphatase. We have recently observed a relation between this enzyme and length of gestation. The present study shows that the pattern of appearance of serum haptoglobin during the neonatal period is associated with ACP1 phenotype suggesting some important function of this polymorphic enzyme in human development.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Deaminase; Birth Weight; Erythrocytes; Female; Gestational Age; Haptoglobins; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Phenotype; Polymorphism, Genetic

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bilirubin; Birth Weight; Erythrocytes; Female; Fetus; Genetics, Medical; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Phenotype; Pregnancy

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Birth Weight; Body Height; Erythrocytes; Female; Fetal Blood; Fetus; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Male; Polymorphism, Genetic; Pregnancy

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alleles; Bilirubin; Birth Weight; Erythrocytes; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Phenotype; Prospective Studies

The subcellular localisation of acid and alkaline phosphatase has been studied in the trophoblast of placentae from both normal and complicated pregnancies. In placentae from uncomplicated pregnancies the number of trophoblastic acid-phosphatase-containing organelles decreases progressively as gestation proceeds whilst alkaline-phosphatase activity, although abundant at term, could not be demonstrated during the early stages of pregnancy. The acid-phosphatase-containing organelles are of two types; one is a small round body which is probably a lysosome whilst the other is a multivesicular body. The alkaline phosphatase is distributed mainly on the syncytial microvilli and plasma-membrane. It is suggested that the marked lysosomal activity during early pregnancy is related to the architectural refashioning of the placenta during this period and that there are two phosphatase-linked transfer systems in the trophoblast, one dependent upon acid-phosphatase-containing multivesicular bodies and being utilised during early pregnancy and the other reliant upon alkaline phosphatase and dominating during the second half of gestation. In placentae from prolonged pregnancies there is a further decrease in trophoblastic acid phosphatase and, usually, a continuing increase in alkaline-phosphatase activity. In placentae from babies of low birth weight this trend is sometimes reversed and alkaline-phosphatase activity either disappears or its reaction product diffuses throughout the syncytium; this is usually accompanied by a marked increase in the number of acid-phosphatase-containing multivesicular bodies. Placentae from women with pre-eclampsia show no loss of alkaline-phosphatase activity but are characterised by an increased number of lysosomal bodies.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Birth Weight; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Placenta; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy, Prolonged; Trophoblasts

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Amniocentesis; Amniotic Fluid; Antibody Formation; Bilirubin; Birth Weight; Blood; Estrogens; Female; Hemoglobins; Humans; Liver Diseases; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Progesterone; Proteins; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System; Time Factors; Umbilical Cord

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Birth Weight; Body Height; Female; Gestational Age; Glucuronidase; Hexosaminidases; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Lymphocytes; Lysosomes; Male

Topics: ABO Blood-Group System; Abortion, Spontaneous; Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Birth Order; Birth Weight; Body Height; Female; Gestational Age; Haptoglobins; Humans; Maternal Age; Organ Size; Placenta; Pregnancy; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System; Sex Factors; Statistics as Topic; Umbilical Cord

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acyltransferases; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Birth Weight; Caseins; Dietary Proteins; Electron Transport Complex IV; Esterases; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glutamates; Histocytochemistry; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Malate Dehydrogenase; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Monoamine Oxidase; NAD; NADP; Oxidoreductases; Pregnancy; Protein Deficiency; Rats; Succinate Dehydrogenase

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Birth Weight; Cervix Uteri; Collagen; Endometrium; Epithelium; Female; Fetus; Glycosaminoglycans; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Mast Cells; Pregnancy; Reticulin; Staining and Labeling; Uterus

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bilirubin; Birth Weight; Female; Hepatitis; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Liver; Microscopy, Electron; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Rubella; Rubella virus