acid-phosphatase and Bacterial-Infections

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Bacterial Infections; Ejaculation; Epididymis; Genital Diseases, Male; Genitalia, Male; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Methods; Prostate; Radiography; Semen; Seminal Vesicles; Species Specificity; Urinary Bladder; Vas Deferens

Nitric oxide (NO) derived from inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) plays an important role in host defense, as well as in inflammation-induced tissue lesions. Here we evaluated the role of NO in bone loss in bacterial infection-induced apical periodontitis by using iNOS-deficient mice (iNOS(-/-)). The iNOS(-/-) mice developed greater inflammatory cell recruitment and osteolytic lesions than WT mice. Moreover, tartrate-resistant acid-phosphatase-positive (TRAP(+)) osteoclasts were significantly more numerous in iNOS(-/-) mice. Furthermore, the increased bone resorption in iNOS(-/-) mice also correlated with the increased expression of receptor activator NF-kappaB (RANK), stromal-cell-derived factor-1 alpha (SDF-1 alpha/CXCL12), and reduced expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG). These results show that NO deficiency was associated with an imbalance of bone-resorption-modulating factors, leading to severe infection-stimulated bone loss.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Actinomycosis; Alveolar Bone Loss; Animals; Bacterial Infections; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Biomarkers; Cell Count; Cell Movement; Chemokine CXCL12; Dental Pulp Exposure; Isoenzymes; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred Strains; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Osteoclasts; Osteolysis; Osteoprotegerin; Periapical Periodontitis; RANK Ligand; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

Earthworm leukocytes (coelomocytes) are responsible for innate cellular immune functions such as phagocytosis and encapsulation against parasites and pathogens. Microbial killing results from the combined action of the phagocytic process with humoral immune factors such as agglutinins (e.g., lectins), lysosomal enzymes (e.g., acid phosphatase, lysozyme), and various cytotoxic and antimicrobial molecules. There is also evidence of weak adaptive immune responses against foreign transplants. This study focused on aspects of the innate immune response. First, anti-human acid phosphatase (anti-AcP) polyclonal antibody characterized different acid hydrolase patterns in coelomocytes. Second, flow cytometry identified a strongly immunoreactive coelomocyte population. Third, ultrastructural and cytochemical analyses revealed acid phosphatase in discrete granules (lysosomes) of effector hyaline and granular coelomocytes but not in mature chloragocytes. Coelomocytes were exposed to bacteria to assess how phagocytosis influences: (a) the production of acid phosphatase using Western blot, and (b) release of acid phosphatase using ELISA from cell-free coelomic fluid. Fourth, after phagocytosis, acid phosphatase levels differed between controls and experimentals. Fifth, we found a 39-kDa molecule that reacted intensely with anti-AcP. Our results suggest that effector earthworm coelomocytes may not eliminate pathogens only by phagocytosis but also by extracellular lysis.

Topics: Acid Anhydride Hydrolases; Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Bacterial Infections; Immunity, Innate; Immunohistochemistry; Leukocytes; Lysosomes; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Oligochaeta; Phagocytosis

Both aztreonam and netilmicin showed no toxic effect on alveolar macrophage function when administered at varying concentrations. Killing ability was unchanged as well. The increase of enzyme delivery, assessed at varying concentrations, was very limited and of no relevance in the pathogenesis of possible tissue damage. It can be explained on the basis of a change in the permeability of membranes or to output during phagocytosis. In cultures containing either antibiotic under similar conditions we did not note any substantial differences. The concentrations tested can be used safely in the therapy of infections due to most gram-negative bacteria.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aztreonam; Bacterial Infections; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Macrophages; Netilmicin; Phagocytosis; Potassium; Pulmonary Alveoli

Acid phosphatase staining is performed on cerebrospinal fluid cells of 365 samples from 105 patients with various types of meningitis. This enzyme activity is strongly positive in the early samples of bacterial meningitis, as far as the patients had not received a pretreatment with antibiotics for more than 24 h. It allows monitoring the response to therapy in subsequent samples. Acid phosphatase activity is positive in 2 cases of cryptococcus meningitis. It is negative in all cases of aseptic and Mycoplasma pneumoniae meningitis. The results in herpes encephalitis are variable, depending on the clinical state and the degree of brain destruction. Acid phosphatase staining is a useful and rapid cytological technique for determination of the nature of the meningitis and for monitoring the therapeutical response.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Cytodiagnosis; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Macrophages; Meningitis; Middle Aged; Monocytes

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bacterial Infections; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Drug Interactions; Edetic Acid; Hepatitis, Viral, Human; Humans; Neutrophils

The diagnosis of male adnexitis is difficult and the influence of this condition on fertility is still a matter of debate. With the intention to define diagnostic criteria a comprehensive study of biochemical and morphological features of semen, plus culture for microorganisms, was performed in patients who were assessed for infertility during a four year period. The following parameters were considered of diagnostic value: a) history of urogenital infection and/or abnormal rectal palpation. b) significant alterations in the expressed prostatic fluid and/or urinary sediment after prostatic massage. c) 1. Uniform growth of more than 10(3) pathogenic bacteria, or more than 10(4) non-pathogenic bacteria per ml, in culture of diluted seminal plasma. c) 2. Presence of more than 10(6) (peroxidase positive) leucocytes per ml of ejaculate. c) 3. Signs of disturbed secretory function of the prostate or seminal vesicles. The diagnosis of infection is accepted if either of the following combinations if found: a + b, a + c (1 or 2 or 3), b + c (1 or 2 or 3), c1 + c2, c1 + c3, c2 + c3.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bacterial Infections; Fructose; Genital Diseases, Male; Humans; Infertility, Male; Leukocytes; Male; Prostate; Prostatitis; Semen; Seminal Vesicles

A new cytochemical technique, sensitive to altered lysosomal membrane permeability of blood neutrophils, has been evaluated as a screening test for bacterial infection. This technique, for the lysosomal enzymes acid phosphatase and chloroacetate esterase, was compared with the neutrophil alkaline phosphatase and nitroblue tetrazolium tests. The mean score for each method was significantly higher in infected patients than in normal controls. There was, however, considerable overlap of individual scores between infected patients and ill, but uninfected, patients. This overlap limits the diagnostic value of existing cytochemical screening methods.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bacterial Infections; Esterases; Humans; Lysosomes; Neutrophils; Nitroblue Tetrazolium

The present paper gives a report on changes of enzyme reactions, of the glycogen content, and the nucleolus picture in lymphocytes which are based on cytochemical investigations of blood smears taken from 110 children with different diseases. In 20 new-born babies the cytochemical responses of lymphocytes after triple immunization with Di-Pe-Te immunization matter were observed. The findings reveal significant changes to be found predominantly in the activity of alpha-naphthylacetate esterase, PAS-reaction and the nucleolus picture of lymphocytes in immunological reactions. No hints for specific immunological functions of lymphocytes could be detected. The changes may refer to B-lymphocytes and to T-lymphocytes.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Antibody Formation; Bacterial Infections; Cell Nucleolus; Child; Child, Preschool; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infectious Mononucleosis; Leukocytes; Lymphocytes; Naphthaleneacetic Acids; Periodic Acid

In the human nasal mucus several enzymes of the intermediary metabolism are present. Due to secreted albumin the enzyme-levels are determined in different diseases of the upper respiratory tract. It is possible to differentiate viral rhinitis from bacterial or allergic or atrophic rhinitis by a significant increase of the activities of GOT, LDH and CPK.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bacterial Infections; Creatine Kinase; Diagnosis, Differential; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Mucus; Nasal Mucosa; Rhinitis; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal; Rhinitis, Atrophic; Virus Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bacterial Infections; Carbon Isotopes; Citric Acid Cycle; Glucose; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glutathione Reductase; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Neoplasms; Neutrophils; Osteomyelitis; Oxygen Consumption; Peroxidases; Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase; Pyruvate Kinase; Tetrazolium Salts; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Virus Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Bacterial Infections; Basement Membrane; Cell Membrane; Diptera; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Ferritins; Glycogen; Hemolymph; Histocytochemistry; Hydrolysis; Inclusion Bodies; Larva; Lysosomes; Methods; Microscopy, Electron; Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; Mitochondria; Muramidase; Pericardium; Peroxidases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bacterial Infections; Blood Bactericidal Activity; Carbon Isotopes; Child; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Glucuronidase; Granuloma; Hexosephosphates; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Klebsiella Infections; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged; NAD; NADP; Oxidoreductases; Peroxidases; Phagocytosis; Pyridines; Sepsis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Agranulocytosis; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bacterial Infections; Chediak-Higashi Syndrome; Chemotaxis; Female; Glucuronidase; Humans; Leukocytes; Lysosomes; Male; Muramidase; Peroxidases; Skin Window Technique; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Anemia; Animals; Bacterial Infections; Blood Cell Count; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Female; Gastroenteritis; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Neoplasms; Neutrophils; Rabbits; Virus Diseases