acetic acid has been researched along with Visceral Pain in 25 studies
Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed)
acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.
Visceral Pain: Pain originating from internal organs (VISCERA) associated with autonomic phenomena (PALLOR; SWEATING; NAUSEA; and VOMITING). It often becomes a REFERRED PAIN.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " Analgesic activity was evaluated using the acetic acid abdominal constriction test (writhing test), a chemical model of visceral pain." | 7.96 | Receptors involved in dexketoprofen analgesia in murine visceral pain. ( Aranda, N; Miranda, HF; Noriega, V; Poblete, P; Prieto, JC; Sierralta, F; Sotomayor-Zarate, R, 2020) |
| "This study aimed to investigate the involvement of opioid receptors in the systemic and peripheral antinociceptive activities of montelukast in different animal models of pain." | 7.83 | Involvement of opioid receptors in the systemic and peripheral antinociceptive actions of montelukast in the animal models of pain. ( Alboghobeish, S; Ghorbanzadeh, B; Mansouri, MT; Sahraei, H, 2016) |
| " This study was performed to compare the potency of gabapentin, pregabalin, and morphine in a well-established model of visceral pain." | 7.79 | Relative potency of pregabalin, gabapentin, and morphine in a mouse model of visceral pain. ( Keyhanfar, F; Shamsi Meymandi, M, 2013) |
| " Milnacipran, a serotonin/noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor, has recently been approved in the USA for fibromyalgia, a chronic pathology characterized by diffused/chronic musculoskeletal pain, and a high prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome." | 7.77 | Milnacipran is active in models of irritable bowel syndrome and abdominal visceral pain in rodents. ( Aliaga, M; Ardid, D; Bardin, L; Depoortère, R; Meleine, M; Muller, E; Newman-Tancredi, A, 2011) |
| " Dose-response curves for i." | 5.56 | Receptors involved in dexketoprofen analgesia in murine visceral pain. ( Aranda, N; Miranda, HF; Noriega, V; Poblete, P; Prieto, JC; Sierralta, F; Sotomayor-Zarate, R, 2020) |
| "Colitis was induced with 3% (w/v) dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water in mice for 1to7 days." | 5.48 | Betulinic acid alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis and visceral pain in mice. ( Kalra, J; Kumar, D; Lingaraju, MC; Mathesh, K; Parida, S; Sharma, AK; Singh, TU; Tandan, SK, 2018) |
| "The acetic acid writhing test was used to evaluate antinociception." | 5.42 | Analgesic effect of Chinese herbal formula Hua-Jian-Ba-Du ointment on visceral pain in mice induced by acetic acid. ( Jia, Y; Li, X; Ma, S; Zhang, H; Zhang, Y, 2015) |
| "Hua-Jian-Ba-Du Ointment at 3 dosage levels produced dose-dependent antinociception and shortened the latent time." | 5.42 | Analgesic effect of Chinese herbal formula Hua-Jian-Ba-Du ointment on visceral pain in mice induced by acetic acid. ( Jia, Y; Li, X; Ma, S; Zhang, H; Zhang, Y, 2015) |
| "Visceral pain is one of the most important pains caused by cancer or other diseases, and most of the medications may lead to tolerance, addiction, and toxic side effects." | 5.42 | Analgesic effect of Chinese herbal formula Hua-Jian-Ba-Du ointment on visceral pain in mice induced by acetic acid. ( Jia, Y; Li, X; Ma, S; Zhang, H; Zhang, Y, 2015) |
| " The effective doses, for 20%, 50%, and 80% response (ED(20), ED(50), and ED(80), respectively), of each drug were calculated using least squares linear regression analysis, and then dose-response curves were compared." | 5.39 | Relative potency of pregabalin, gabapentin, and morphine in a mouse model of visceral pain. ( Keyhanfar, F; Shamsi Meymandi, M, 2013) |
| " No difference was observed between slopes of dose-response curves." | 5.39 | Relative potency of pregabalin, gabapentin, and morphine in a mouse model of visceral pain. ( Keyhanfar, F; Shamsi Meymandi, M, 2013) |
| "In this animal model of visceral pain, all three drugs exhibited parallel dose-response curves." | 5.39 | Relative potency of pregabalin, gabapentin, and morphine in a mouse model of visceral pain. ( Keyhanfar, F; Shamsi Meymandi, M, 2013) |
| "Pentoxifylline (PTX) has strong antyinflamatory effects, decreases TNF-alpha and other proinflammatory cytokines production." | 5.38 | Pentoxifylline modifies central and peripheral vagal mechanism in acute and chronic pain models. ( Dobrogowski, J; Nowak, Ł; Thor, PJ; Wordliczek, J; Zurowski, D, 2012) |
| "The role of antidepressants in the treatment of visceral pain has not been extensively examined." | 5.37 | Milnacipran is active in models of irritable bowel syndrome and abdominal visceral pain in rodents. ( Aliaga, M; Ardid, D; Bardin, L; Depoortère, R; Meleine, M; Muller, E; Newman-Tancredi, A, 2011) |
| " The effect of the extract in three additional in vivo models were studied: intestinal motility and diarrhea induced by ricin oil, and visceral pain induced by intracolonic administration of capsaicin." | 4.02 | Pharmacologycal activity of peperina (Minthostachys verticillata) on gastrointestinal tract. ( Bach, H; Carranza, A; Gorzalczany, SB; Rodríguez Basso, A; Zainutti, VM, 2021) |
| " Analgesic activity was evaluated using the acetic acid abdominal constriction test (writhing test), a chemical model of visceral pain." | 3.96 | Receptors involved in dexketoprofen analgesia in murine visceral pain. ( Aranda, N; Miranda, HF; Noriega, V; Poblete, P; Prieto, JC; Sierralta, F; Sotomayor-Zarate, R, 2020) |
| ") administration of acetic acid, a well-established protocol for visceral pain in rodents." | 3.91 | Understanding nociception-related phenotypes in adult zebrafish: Behavioral and pharmacological characterization using a new acetic acid model. ( Costa, FV; Kalueff, AV; Quadros, VA; Rosa, LV; Rosemberg, DB; Santos, ARS, 2019) |
| "Preclinical Research & Development The objective of the present study was to evaluate the tapentadol-diclofenac combination in three dose-ratios in the mouse acetic acid-induced visceral pain and their ulcerogenic activity on the stomachal mucous." | 3.88 | Assessment of the antinociceptive and ulcerogenic activity of the tapentadol-diclofenac combination in rodents. ( Alonso-Castro, ÁJ; Granados-Soto, V; Isiordia-Espinoza, MA; Sánchez-Enriquez, S; Zapata-Morales, JR, 2018) |
| " On the other hand, acetic acid-induced writhes indicate visceral pain features of IBS model animals." | 3.88 | Involvement of peripheral alpha2A adrenoceptor in the acceleration of gastrointestinal transit and abdominal visceral pain induced by intermittent deprivation of REM sleep. ( Endo, S; Kozawa, M; Murakami, H; Muto, M; Tadano, T; Tan-No, K; Tsuchiya, M; Yaoita, F, 2018) |
| "This study aimed to investigate the involvement of opioid receptors in the systemic and peripheral antinociceptive activities of montelukast in different animal models of pain." | 3.83 | Involvement of opioid receptors in the systemic and peripheral antinociceptive actions of montelukast in the animal models of pain. ( Alboghobeish, S; Ghorbanzadeh, B; Mansouri, MT; Sahraei, H, 2016) |
| " We investigated the antinociceptive effect of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in male Wistar rats in two models of visceral pain: peritonitis induced by intraperitoneal injection of 1% acetic acid and colitis induced by intracolonic instillation of 0." | 3.80 | Antinociceptive effect of botulinum toxin type A on experimental abdominal pain. ( Babić, A; Bach-Rojecky, L; Drinovac, V; Lacković, Z, 2014) |
| " This study was performed to compare the potency of gabapentin, pregabalin, and morphine in a well-established model of visceral pain." | 3.79 | Relative potency of pregabalin, gabapentin, and morphine in a mouse model of visceral pain. ( Keyhanfar, F; Shamsi Meymandi, M, 2013) |
| "This study describes the antinociceptive effects of μ-opioid agonists, d-Ala(2),N-Me-Phe(4),Gly(5)-ol-enkephalin (DAMGO) and morphine in a model of rat visceral pain in which nociceptive responses were triggered by 2% acetic acid intraperitoneal (i." | 3.78 | The central versus peripheral antinociceptive effects of μ-opioid receptor agonists in the new model of rat visceral pain. ( Al-Khrasani, M; Fürst, S; Király, K; Lackó, E; Mousa, S; Riba, P; Schäfer, M; Sobor, M; Timár, J, 2012) |
| " The present study was designed to determine whether supraspinal apelin-13 may produce antinociceptive effect observed in the acetic acid-induced writhing test, a model of visceral pain." | 3.78 | Supraspinal antinociceptive effect of apelin-13 in a mouse visceral pain model. ( Chen, Q; Lv, SY; Qin, YJ; Wang, NB; Yang, YJ, 2012) |
| " Milnacipran, a serotonin/noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor, has recently been approved in the USA for fibromyalgia, a chronic pathology characterized by diffused/chronic musculoskeletal pain, and a high prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome." | 3.77 | Milnacipran is active in models of irritable bowel syndrome and abdominal visceral pain in rodents. ( Aliaga, M; Ardid, D; Bardin, L; Depoortère, R; Meleine, M; Muller, E; Newman-Tancredi, A, 2011) |
| " Dose-response curves for i." | 1.56 | Receptors involved in dexketoprofen analgesia in murine visceral pain. ( Aranda, N; Miranda, HF; Noriega, V; Poblete, P; Prieto, JC; Sierralta, F; Sotomayor-Zarate, R, 2020) |
| "The intermittent REM sleep deprivation stress elicited acceleration of GIT and the increased number of writhes was significantly improved by ST-91 treatment." | 1.48 | Involvement of peripheral alpha2A adrenoceptor in the acceleration of gastrointestinal transit and abdominal visceral pain induced by intermittent deprivation of REM sleep. ( Endo, S; Kozawa, M; Murakami, H; Muto, M; Tadano, T; Tan-No, K; Tsuchiya, M; Yaoita, F, 2018) |
| " Dose-response curves were generated for tapentadol, diclofenac, and their combination in the acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice." | 1.48 | Assessment of the antinociceptive and ulcerogenic activity of the tapentadol-diclofenac combination in rodents. ( Alonso-Castro, ÁJ; Granados-Soto, V; Isiordia-Espinoza, MA; Sánchez-Enriquez, S; Zapata-Morales, JR, 2018) |
| "Colitis was induced with 3% (w/v) dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water in mice for 1to7 days." | 1.48 | Betulinic acid alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis and visceral pain in mice. ( Kalra, J; Kumar, D; Lingaraju, MC; Mathesh, K; Parida, S; Sharma, AK; Singh, TU; Tandan, SK, 2018) |
| " Moreover, CKF reduced the acetic acid-induced writhing scores at all dosages and reduced the intestinal propulsion ration at dosage of 7." | 1.46 | Chemical profiles and pharmacological activities of Chang-Kang-Fang, a multi-herb Chinese medicinal formula, for treating irritable bowel syndrome. ( Ju, JM; Kong, M; Li, SL; Li, X; Lu, M; Luo, YH; Mao, Q; Shen, MQ; Shi, L; Wang, YY; Wang, ZG; Xu, JD; Zhou, SS, 2017) |
| " The effective doses, for 20%, 50%, and 80% response (ED(20), ED(50), and ED(80), respectively), of each drug were calculated using least squares linear regression analysis, and then dose-response curves were compared." | 1.39 | Relative potency of pregabalin, gabapentin, and morphine in a mouse model of visceral pain. ( Keyhanfar, F; Shamsi Meymandi, M, 2013) |
| " No difference was observed between slopes of dose-response curves." | 1.39 | Relative potency of pregabalin, gabapentin, and morphine in a mouse model of visceral pain. ( Keyhanfar, F; Shamsi Meymandi, M, 2013) |
| "In this animal model of visceral pain, all three drugs exhibited parallel dose-response curves." | 1.39 | Relative potency of pregabalin, gabapentin, and morphine in a mouse model of visceral pain. ( Keyhanfar, F; Shamsi Meymandi, M, 2013) |
| "Pentoxifylline (PTX) has strong antyinflamatory effects, decreases TNF-alpha and other proinflammatory cytokines production." | 1.38 | Pentoxifylline modifies central and peripheral vagal mechanism in acute and chronic pain models. ( Dobrogowski, J; Nowak, Ł; Thor, PJ; Wordliczek, J; Zurowski, D, 2012) |
| "The role of antidepressants in the treatment of visceral pain has not been extensively examined." | 1.37 | Milnacipran is active in models of irritable bowel syndrome and abdominal visceral pain in rodents. ( Aliaga, M; Ardid, D; Bardin, L; Depoortère, R; Meleine, M; Muller, E; Newman-Tancredi, A, 2011) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 0 (0.00) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 0 (0.00) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 23 (92.00) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 2 (8.00) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Noriega, V | 1 |
| Sierralta, F | 1 |
| Poblete, P | 1 |
| Aranda, N | 1 |
| Sotomayor-Zarate, R | 1 |
| Prieto, JC | 1 |
| Miranda, HF | 1 |
| Rodríguez Basso, A | 1 |
| Carranza, A | 1 |
| Zainutti, VM | 1 |
| Bach, H | 1 |
| Gorzalczany, SB | 1 |
| Alonso-Castro, AJ | 3 |
| Rangel-Velázquez, JE | 1 |
| Isiordia-Espinoza, MA | 3 |
| Villanueva-Solís, LE | 1 |
| Aragon-Martinez, OH | 2 |
| Zapata-Morales, JR | 3 |
| Asano, T | 1 |
| Tanaka, KI | 1 |
| Tada, A | 1 |
| Shimamura, H | 1 |
| Tanaka, R | 1 |
| Maruoka, H | 1 |
| Mizushima, T | 1 |
| Takenaga, M | 1 |
| Spencer, NJ | 1 |
| Magnúsdóttir, EI | 1 |
| Jakobsson, JET | 1 |
| Kestell, G | 1 |
| Chen, BN | 1 |
| Morris, D | 1 |
| Brookes, SJ | 1 |
| Lagerström, MC | 1 |
| Kalra, J | 1 |
| Lingaraju, MC | 1 |
| Mathesh, K | 1 |
| Kumar, D | 2 |
| Parida, S | 1 |
| Singh, TU | 1 |
| Sharma, AK | 1 |
| Tandan, SK | 1 |
| Granados-Soto, V | 1 |
| Sánchez-Enriquez, S | 1 |
| Yaoita, F | 1 |
| Muto, M | 1 |
| Murakami, H | 1 |
| Endo, S | 1 |
| Kozawa, M | 1 |
| Tsuchiya, M | 1 |
| Tadano, T | 1 |
| Tan-No, K | 1 |
| Costa, FV | 2 |
| Rosa, LV | 1 |
| Quadros, VA | 1 |
| Santos, ARS | 1 |
| Kalueff, AV | 2 |
| Rosemberg, DB | 2 |
| Sun, L | 1 |
| Liao, L | 1 |
| Wang, B | 1 |
| Canzian, J | 1 |
| Stefanello, FV | 1 |
| Higgs, J | 1 |
| Wasowski, C | 1 |
| Loscalzo, LM | 1 |
| Marder, M | 1 |
| Nowak, Ł | 1 |
| Zurowski, D | 1 |
| Dobrogowski, J | 1 |
| Wordliczek, J | 1 |
| Thor, PJ | 1 |
| Cui, XF | 1 |
| Zhou, WM | 1 |
| Yang, Y | 1 |
| Zhou, J | 1 |
| Li, XL | 1 |
| Lin, L | 1 |
| Zhang, HJ | 1 |
| Drinovac, V | 1 |
| Bach-Rojecky, L | 1 |
| Babić, A | 1 |
| Lacković, Z | 1 |
| Ma, S | 1 |
| Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Li, X | 2 |
| Zhang, H | 1 |
| Jia, Y | 1 |
| Naghizadeh, B | 1 |
| Mansouri, MT | 2 |
| Ghorbanzadeh, B | 2 |
| Sahraei, H | 1 |
| Alboghobeish, S | 1 |
| Adriana Soto-Castro, T | 1 |
| Castañeda-Santana, DI | 1 |
| Srebro, D | 1 |
| Vučković, S | 1 |
| Prostran, M | 1 |
| Mao, Q | 1 |
| Shi, L | 1 |
| Wang, ZG | 1 |
| Luo, YH | 1 |
| Wang, YY | 1 |
| Lu, M | 1 |
| Ju, JM | 1 |
| Xu, JD | 1 |
| Kong, M | 1 |
| Zhou, SS | 1 |
| Shen, MQ | 1 |
| Li, SL | 1 |
| Depoortère, R | 1 |
| Meleine, M | 1 |
| Bardin, L | 1 |
| Aliaga, M | 1 |
| Muller, E | 1 |
| Ardid, D | 1 |
| Newman-Tancredi, A | 1 |
| Al-Khrasani, M | 1 |
| Lackó, E | 1 |
| Riba, P | 1 |
| Király, K | 1 |
| Sobor, M | 1 |
| Timár, J | 1 |
| Mousa, S | 1 |
| Schäfer, M | 1 |
| Fürst, S | 1 |
| Lv, SY | 1 |
| Qin, YJ | 1 |
| Wang, NB | 1 |
| Yang, YJ | 1 |
| Chen, Q | 1 |
| Shamsi Meymandi, M | 1 |
| Keyhanfar, F | 1 |
25 other studies available for acetic acid and Visceral Pain
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Receptors involved in dexketoprofen analgesia in murine visceral pain.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Analgesia; Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Dose-Response | 2020 |
Pharmacologycal activity of peperina (Minthostachys verticillata) on gastrointestinal tract.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Behavior, Animal; Capsaicin; Castor Oil; Colitis, Ul | 2021 |
Synergism between Naproxen and Rutin in a Mouse Model of Visceral Pain.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Administration, Oral; Analgesics; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relati | 2017 |
Ameliorative effect of chlorpromazine hydrochloride on visceral hypersensitivity in rats: possible involvement of 5-HT
Topics: Acetic Acid; Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Butyric Acid; Chlorpromazine; Colon; Ganglia, Spinal; Ma | 2017 |
CGRPα within the Trpv1-Cre population contributes to visceral nociception.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Disease Models, Animal; Gan | 2018 |
Betulinic acid alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis and visceral pain in mice.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Betulinic Acid; Catalase; Colitis; Dextr | 2018 |
Assessment of the antinociceptive and ulcerogenic activity of the tapentadol-diclofenac combination in rodents.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Analgesics; Animals; Diclofenac; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Male | 2018 |
Involvement of peripheral alpha2A adrenoceptor in the acceleration of gastrointestinal transit and abdominal visceral pain induced by intermittent deprivation of REM sleep.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Acridines; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Clonidine; | 2018 |
Understanding nociception-related phenotypes in adult zebrafish: Behavioral and pharmacological characterization using a new acetic acid model.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Animals, Outbred Strains; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-St | 2019 |
Potential Antinociceptive Effects of Chinese Propolis and Identification on Its Active Compounds.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Analgesics; Animals; Caffeic Acids; Chemical Fractionation; Chromatography, High Pressu | 2018 |
Naloxone prolongs abdominal constriction writhing-like behavior in a zebrafish-based pain model.
Topics: Abdomen; Acetic Acid; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Constriction, Pathologic; Disease Models, Animal; N | 2019 |
In vitro binding affinities of a series of flavonoids for μ-opioid receptors. Antinociceptive effect of the synthetic flavonoid 3,3-dibromoflavanone in mice.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relation | 2013 |
Pentoxifylline modifies central and peripheral vagal mechanism in acute and chronic pain models.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Acute Pain; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Chronic Pain; Cytokines; Hyperalgesia; I | 2012 |
Epidermal growth factor upregulates serotonin transporter and its association with visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Animals; Cell Line; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme In | 2014 |
Antinociceptive effect of botulinum toxin type A on experimental abdominal pain.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Acetic Acid; Analgesics; Animals; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Capsaicin; Colitis; Dise | 2014 |
Analgesic effect of Chinese herbal formula Hua-Jian-Ba-Du ointment on visceral pain in mice induced by acetic acid.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Analgesics; Animals; Ascitic Fluid; Brain; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cytoki | 2015 |
Ellagic acid enhances the antinociceptive action of carbamazepine in the acetic acid writhing test with mice.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Behavior, Animal; Carbamazepine; Disease | 2016 |
Involvement of opioid receptors in the systemic and peripheral antinociceptive actions of montelukast in the animal models of pain.
Topics: Acetates; Acetic Acid; Analgesics; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cyclopropanes; Disease Models, Animal; | 2016 |
Isobolographic Analysis of the Interaction Between Tapentadol and Ketorolac in a Mouse Model of Visceral Pain.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Disease Models, A | 2016 |
Inhibition of neuronal and inducible nitric oxide synthase does not affect the analgesic effects of NMDA antagonists in visceral inflammatory pain.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Analgesics; Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Disease Models, Animal; Dizocilpine Male | 2016 |
Chemical profiles and pharmacological activities of Chang-Kang-Fang, a multi-herb Chinese medicinal formula, for treating irritable bowel syndrome.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Animals; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Colon; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Irritable Bowel | 2017 |
Milnacipran is active in models of irritable bowel syndrome and abdominal visceral pain in rodents.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Acetic Acid; Analgesics; Animals; Butyrates; Cyclopropanes; Disease Models, Animal; | 2011 |
The central versus peripheral antinociceptive effects of μ-opioid receptor agonists in the new model of rat visceral pain.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Analgesics, Opioid; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Respons | 2012 |
Supraspinal antinociceptive effect of apelin-13 in a mouse visceral pain model.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Drug Synergism; Injections, Intraperitoneal; I | 2012 |
Relative potency of pregabalin, gabapentin, and morphine in a mouse model of visceral pain.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Amines; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cycloh | 2013 |